2013年心理语言学试题 14页

TestQuestionsforPsycholinguistics(Fall,2013)I.Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.Ifyoucomeupwitha“true”judgment,pleasewriteaclear“T”inthespacemarkedbythecorrespondingquestionnumberontheanswersheet.Otherwise,writedownan“F”.(15%)1.Psycholinguisticsissaidtobeconcernedwiththeuseoflanguageandspeechasawindowtothenatureandstructureofthehumanmind.(T)2.Thepresentgoalofpsycholinguisticsistodiscoverthepsychologicalprocessesthatunderpinthelanguageuseanddevelopment.(T)3.Acriticalconcerninpsycholinguisticsiswithhowthegrowing/developingchildiscognitivelyconditionedinhisorherlanguagedevelopment.(T)4.The“uphill”goalofpsycholinguisticsistounderstandtheuniversalintelligentbeing.(T)5.The“downhill”goalofpsycholinguisticsistounderstandsocialexperience.(F,humanexperience)6.Thetrueunderstandingofourclassicsoraforeignlanguageinvolvesnotonlytheknowledgeaboutthereferentsofthewords,butalsoanaturalizationofthesenseofthepragmaticstrangeness.(T)7.Thelistenerandthespeakerarerolesinsocialcommunications.Theyarenotfunctionallyrepresentedinourcognitivesystem.(F,not)8.Whenweareinterestedinatopic,weknowalotaboutitandwishtoknowmore(F,alotàsth)9.Oneoftheessentialdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumanbeingsincommunicationisthattheformerdonothaveacomplexfabricofsocialrelations.(T)10.Intermsofthecognitivefunction,thesubjectofasentenceistypicallyacodedsearchforsomekindofexistenceoranagentintheworld.(T)11.Intuitiveanalysisandtopicanalysisarebothessentialindevelopingthepsycholinguisticexpertise.(T)12.Inourintuitiveframeworkforlanguageproduction,the“downstreamdragon”(thefunctionalstringofsemanticmodules)andthe“upstreamdragon”(thefunctionalstringoflinguistic/syntacticmodules)areattractedaroundthe“ball”ofthecommunicativeintentionintheirfunctionalusesofvariouscognitiveresources(F,thecommunicativeintentionàthepre-verbalmessage).13.Inthepsychologyoflanguage,acognitivefactorisalower-levelcognitivefunctionthatemergesasaconditionthatturnsafeature/somefeaturesoflinguisticperformanceonoroff.(T)14.Inthepresentstateofknowledge,psycholinguistictheoriesshouldbelearnedandmemorizedratherthaninstitutionalized.(F)15.Forfieldworkersinpsycholinguistics,theobjectsofstudydistributealongtheinteractivedomainsratherthantheautonomousdomains.(T)16.Developmentalpsycholinguisticsexamineshowspeechemergesovertimeandhowchildrengoaboutconstructingthecomplexstructuresoftheirmothertongue.(T)17.Innatismholdsthatlanguageacquisitiondoesnotdependtotallyontheinfluenceoftheenvironment.(T)18.Interactionismrecognizesthechild-environmentinteractionasimportantinaccountingforthe\ndevelopmentoflanguage.(T)19.Earlypsycholinguistswerecloselyconcernedwithhowautonomousormodularizedlanguageis.(T)20.Cognitive-functionallyspeaking,bothlanguageacquisitionanduseplausiblyinvolveagrammarthatisborninus.(F)21.Aplausibletheoryenablesustotalkaboutlanguagemoreeasily,moreintuitivelyandmoretruthfully.(T)22.Accordingtobehaviorism,frequencyplaysafundamentalroleinthepatternsofhumanbehavior.(T)23.Intuitively,theexceptionalprecocityoftalentedwritersandspeakershasprovidedexcellentexamplesforustodrawpsycholinguisticconclusions.(F)24.Thedatausedformodelingthepsychologyoflanguageincludelatencydata,speecherrorsandtrueorfalsejudgments.(F)25.Therejectionofapasttheorymeansthatitisnolongerofanyuseinourunderstandingofhumanlanguage.(F)26.Apieceoflinguisticevidenceeithersupportsatheoryorenablesusto“see”moreaboutthelanguagereality.(T)27.Anyrecordedepisodeofchildren’slanguageisusefuldatainthestudyofpsycholinguistics.(F)28.Researchersdependonexperiencetofindmoreaboutlanguage.(F)29.Thepsycholinguisticmethodologyingeneralistypifiedby“introspection”.(F)30.“Thechildisthefatherofman”isthepertinentwhenwetalkaboutthenaturalintelligenceunderlyinglanguagedevelopmentanduse.(T)II.Inthefollowing,youarerequiredtochoosefromamongtheoptionalanswerstheonethatbestcompletesthepsycholinguisticstatementand,then,fillitsmarkingletteronthecorrespondinganswersheet.(60%)31.Therearetwogeneraltrendsinscientificthinking:______________A.AutonomyandinteractionismB.ModulairyandconstructionismC.InnatismandinteractionismD.Subjectivityandobjectivity32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthebrainfunctionforlanguageispresentlymoreplausible?A.Thebraindetermineslanguage.B.Thebrainsub-serveslinguisticinteractionswithourenvironment.C.Thebrainishard-wiredforlanguage.D.Thebrainisaninnateorganforlanguage.33.Whichoffollowingisacorrectannotationforthe?-markedareainthebrain?\nA.theBroca’sarea.B.theWernike’sarea.C.thearcuatefaciculus.D.theangulargyrus.34.Whichofthefollowingannotationispresentlymoreappropriateforthequestionmark“?”inthefollowingpicture?A.“seeing”(看)B.“reading”（阅读）C.“visualinput”（视觉输入）D.“visualpathway”（视觉通道）35.Difficultyinspeechproductionmaybecausedby______A.damagetotheBroca’sarea.B.damagetotheWernike’sarea.C.damagetothearcuatefaciculus.D.damagetotheangulargyrus.36.Inabilitytorepeatwhatisheardmaybecausedby______A.damagetotheBroca’sarea.B.damagetotheWernike’sareaC.damagetothearcuatefasciculus.D.damagetotheangulargyrus.37.Difficultyinlanguagecomprehensionmaybecausedby______A.damagetotheBroca’sarea.B.damagetotheWernike’sareaC.damagetothearcuatefasciculus.D.damagetotheangulargyrus.\n38.Whichorderdoeslanguagefollowinitsdevelopment?A.crying--->babbling-->cooing-->one-wordutterances-->two-wordutterances-->questions-->negatives-->rareorcomplexconstructions-->maturespeechB.crying-->cooing-->babbling-->one-wordutterances-->two-wordutterances-->questions-->negatives-->rareorcomplexconstructions-->maturespeechC.crying-->cooing-->one-wordutterances-->babbling-->two-wordutterances-->questions-->negatives-->rareorcomplexconstructions-->maturespeechD.crying-->cooing-->babbling-->one-wordutterances-->two-wordutterances-->negatives-->questions-->rareorcomplexconstructions-->maturespeech39.WhichordertheremaybefortheacquisitionofthefollowingwordsA.big–smallàtall-short,long–shortàhigh–lowàthick–thinàwide-narrowàdeep–shallowB.high–lowàthick–thinàbig–smallàtall-short,long–shortàwide-narrowàdeep–shallowC.big–smallàhigh–lowàthick–thinàwide-narrowàdeep–shallowàtall-short,long–shortD.deep–shallowàbig–smallàtall-short,long–shortàhigh–lowàthick–thinàwide-narrow40.Whichorderdoestheacquisitionofthenegativeformmayfollow?a.Inowantmilk/Idon’twantmilkàNosingingsongàIdon’twantsomepaper.b.Idon’twantsomepaperàNosingingsongàInowantmilk/Idon’twantmilk.c.NosingingsongàInowantmilk/Idon’twantmilkàIdon’twantsomepaper.d.Inowantmilk/Idon’twantmilkàIdon’twantsomepaperàNosingingsong.41.Cryingisinitially_______,becausethereisadirectlinkbetweenthephysicalsoundanditscommunicativeintent.A.iconic;B.echoic;C.symbolic;D.holophrastic42.______referstothenaturaltendencyof6-month-oldchildrentoburstoutinstringsofconsonant-vowelsyllableclusters.A.Crying;B.Cooing;C.Babbling;D.gesturing43.One-year-oldsproducetheso-calledegocentricspeechbecause________A.theytalkaboutthingsaroundthemasiftheywerethecentersoftheirfamilies.B.theyareinatransitionalstateofawarenessoftheworldasiftheywerethecenterofall.C.theyareoccupiedorpossessedbytheirownegoorconcerns.D.theyarehighlyprejudiced.44.Nowweknowthattheover-regulatedwordssuchasgoedandbreakedarepiecesofevidencefor_________.A.creativelanguageuse;B.theapplicationofempiricallanguagerules;C.linguisticimitations;D.childishuseoflanguage45.StephenPinker’sconceptualizationoflanguageinstinctisastrongdefendenceoftheviewthat_____A.languageisacquiredinauniversalpattern.B.languageisindividuallyacquired.\nC.languageisacquiredthroughchildren’sinteractionwiththeirenvironment.D.languageisconditionedbyoutsidestimulus.46.Mostpsycholinguistsbelievethatthe“foreignaccents”ofbilingualchildrenattheageof12mightsuggestthatthereisacriticalperiodthat________determinefirstlanguagelearning.A.biologically;B.cognitively;C.innately;D.socioculturally47.AccordingtoScovel,childrendisplayaninbornsensitivitytothe___________ofthelanguagetheyareacquiring,asinthecaseof“up”inthefollowingexample.Child:Ben’spickingup.He’shickingup.Adult:What?Child:He’sgotthehiccups.A.syntacticstructures;B.thewordmeaning;C.thethematicroles;D.thesyntacticfunctionoftheword48.ChomskyproposedaninnateLADthatallowschildrentoconstantlyformandrevisehypothesesonthebasisof________.A.output;B.nativeaccent;C.innateknowledge;D.input49Earlywordsarecharacterizedbyallthefollowingexcept_______A.phoneticeasinesstopronounceB.morphologicaliconicityC.semanticabstractnessD.situationalfunction50.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsisnotanappropriateoneforchildutterances?A.“telegraphic.B.“holophrastic”.C.“overextended”or“underextended”inwordmeaning.D.rule-governed.51.Objectpermanencereferstotheawarenessofphysicallocationsofobjectsaroundchildren,whichsupportstheacquisitionofsuchwordsas___________A.mommyanddaddyB.allgone,gone,upanddownB.doggieandkittyD.this,theanda(n)52.Attheagearound2yearsold,thechildhassuccessfullyacquiredavocabularyof_______.A.50-200wordsB.50wordsC.200wordsD.1000words53.Atdifferentages,(usu.intermsof________),childrentendtopayattentiontodifferentaspectsoflanguage.A.weeksB.monthsC.weeksandmonthsD.monthsandyears54.___________,smallchildrenevokeacertainfamiliarityanddirectnessnotpermissablewitholderchildrenandadults.A.ethnicallyB.sociolinguisticallyC.psycholinguisticallyD.socially55.Onewayofdiscoveringhowweputwordsintoourmouthsistolookat__________whenwetripoverourtongues.A.thetimelengthB.whathappensC.thecorrectionD.thebacktracking56.Thethematicrolesincludeallofthefollowingexcept______A.theagentB.thethemeC.thepersonD.therecipient57.Allofthefollowingdisplaystructuralambiguitiesassociatedwithparsingexcept________A.BorissaidthatVladfinishedityesterday.B.IsawtheAlpsflyingtoRomania.C.Oldmenandwomenshouldgetaboardrightnow.\nD.Thestonesingsanddances.58.Leveltconceivesspeechproductionasasequentialprocessthatincludethefollowingstagesexcept___________A.conceptualizationB.formulationC.self-regulationD.articulation59.The_______modeloflearningwordsconveystheideaofacquiringsimplewordsthroughaparentpointingatadogandsayingdog.A.ostensiveB.constructiveC.behavioralD.thenativist60.Categorisationispartofthe_______architectureofcognition.A.functionalB.environmentalC.socioculturalD.innate61.Selectiveattentiontothestressedpartsofthespeechmayhelpchildrenacquire_______.A.syntaxB.earlywordsC.morphologyD.phonology62.Perspective-takingisanimportantcognitivefunctionafter__________a.Communicativeintentionb.Topicselectionc.Pre-verbalmessaged.Syntacticplanning63.AccordingtoGebhard(2000),topicselectionisconstrainedby_______A.socialandculturalpreferences.B.cognitivefunctionsC.commonknowledgeD.semanticrelations64.Accordingtoexistingstudies,thesubstitutionof/l/for/r/in“aleading(reading)list”couldhappenprobablybecause_____A.TheEnglishlanguageisorganized;B.itisdifficultforpeopletodistinguishbetweenthetwosounds.C.ThetwosoundssharemanyofthephoneticfeaturesD.Soundsaredissociatedfrommeaning.65.The“slipsofthetongue”areusuallyregardedasevidenceforthecognitiveprocessesinA.languageperformanceB.languageproductionC.languagecomprehensionD.languagedevelopment66.Itissaidthatonecanseein“foolthepillfor(fillthepool)”___________A.thecontrastbetweenvowelsandconsonantsinthemindsofspeakersB.thedissociationbetweenlinguisticknowledgeandthelanguageperformanceC.thesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenspeechsounds.D.thedissociationbetweensoundsandmeaning.67.“Heswimmedinthepool”isusually_________A.achildren’serrorB.anadulterrorC.alanguagelearner’serror;D.aidiolecterror68.Languageproductionisoftenself-regulatedwith____________A.languageknowledgeB.feedbackloopC.grammarD.meaning69.Backtrackinginspeechisoneofthemanywaysspeakersedittheir________A.linguisticperformanceB.behaviorC.thinkingD.words\n70.ThecorrectionofmistakesseemtohaveprovedChomsky’sdistinctionbetween_________A.competenceandperformanceB.knowledgeandperformanceC.intuitionandknowledgeD.reflexandintution71.The“uh”peopleoftenproduceisasignfor_______A.syntacticplanningB.hesitationC.correctionofamistakeD.erring72.Conceptualizationtypicallyinvolvesallofthefollowingexcept_________A.(speaker)conceivingtheintentionB.determiningwhattosayC.selectingrelevantinformationinpreparationforconstructionoftheintendedutteranceD.determiningtheappropriatenessoftheintendedutterance.73.Formulationtypicallyinvolvestranslatingtheconceptualrepresentationintoalinguisticformthrough____________A.forminganintentionB.selectingwords(lexicalization)C.syntacticplanning(toputwordstogethertoformsentencesD.detailedphoneticandarticulatoryplanningE.Phonologicalencoding(wordsintosounds)74.Atwo-stageprocessforlexicalizationinvolves_________A.a)lemmaselection(fromthesemanticleveltoanintermediatelevelof“lemmas(词条）”andb)retrievingthephonologicalformsofthosewordsinthestageofphonologicalencoding(lexeme『词位』phonologicalformselection)B.a)lemmasarespecifiedsyntacticallyandb)thechoiceofalemmaC.a)lemmaselectionandb)lexemeselectionD.a)lexemeretrievalandb)lemmaspecification75.Thelexicalnetwork(BockandLevelt,1994)asamodelforlexicalizationinlanguageproductionpredicts__________A.thedistanceofsemanticrelations,butnotfrequencyandcontextualeffectB.frequencyeffect,butnotsemanticrelationsandmorphologicalrelationsC.thedistanceofsemanticrelations,frequencyeffectandcontextualeffect76.Thescan-copiermodel(Shattuck-Hufnagel,1983)forphonologicalencodinginlanguageproductionexplained___________A.ManyoftheslipsofthetongueB.SimilarityeffectinsoundexchangeC.FrequencyeffectinsoundexchangeD.Compatibilityeffectofconntexts77.Dell’s(1986)activation-spreadmodelforphonologicalencodinginlanguageproductionpredictsslippsofthetonguewith___________A.competitionbetweenactivateditemsB.contextualeffectC.frequencyeffectsonvariousotherprocessinglevels78.Peoplecanreportwhattheomittedsoundshouldbeintheutterance“Itwasfoundthatthe–eelwasontheaxle”.Thisistakenasapieceofevidencefor________A.thecognitiveprocessofpredictionofwordsaccordingcontextualcues\nB.theguessingofallwordsC.theinsertionofsoundsD.theunwanteduseofsoundsinlanguage79.Hearersperceivespeech_____________A.phonetically(soundbysound)B.syllablebysyllableC.phonologically(withaspeciallyphonologicalworkingmemory)D.phonemically(featurebyfeature)80.VoiceOnsetTiming(VOT)iswhatpeopleoftenattendtoinA.speechperception.B.speechproductionC.parsingD.understandingofutterancemeaning81.CategoricalperceptionistheprocessofsounddiscriminationthroughA.classificationofsoundsasbelongingtosoundoranotherB.theanalysisofadistinctivefeatureC.thematchingofonesamplesoundwiththeheardsoundD.decisionsbasedonprobabilities.82.Parsingincludeallthefollowingprocessesexcept___________A.todeterminethesyntacticcategorytowhicheachwordinthesentencebelongs(e.g.noun,verb,adjective,adverb,andsoon).B.tocombinethosecategoriestoformphrasesC.todeterminethesubjectofthesentence(whatthesentenceisabout).D.toinferthespeaker’sintention.83.Sentenceunderstandinginvolves______A.constructingarepresentationofthemeaningofthesentencefromsuchinformationaboutindividualwordsB.inferringthespeaker’sintentionC.findingoutthewordorderD.dissolvingthestructuralambiguities.84.Parsinginvolves___________A.theuseofsyntacticinformationB.theuseofsemanticinformationC.theuseofbothsyntacticandsemanticinformationD.theuseofthelanguageautonomy.85.Thegardenpathmodelpredictsthat_________A.peopleusepurelysyntacticinformationinitiallyB.peopleusevariouscluesatonego.C.SemanticknowledgeinteractswithsyntacticknowledgeD.Semanticknowledgeisusedinitiallyused.86.Instructuralambiguityinthesentence“Thehorseracedpastthebarnfell”isdescribedas_______A.localambiguityB.permanentambiguityC.globalambiguityD.easyambiguity\n87.Thederivationaltheoryofcomplexity(DTC)saysthat__________A.themorecomplextheformalsyntacticderivationofasentence—thatis,themoretransformationsarenecessarytoformit—themorecomplexthepsychologicalprocessingnecessarytounderstandorproduceit.B.transformationallycomplexsentencesshouldbehardertoprocessthangenerativelycomplexsentences.C.Theparsingiseasyforcomplexsentences.D.Themeaningofcomplexsentencesisaccuratelyexpressed.88.Thecanonicalsentencestrategyforparsingsaysallofthefollowingexcept___________.A.Wetrythesimplerstrategiesfirst,B.ifthesedonotwork,wetryotherones.C.Ifthebatteryofsurfacestructurestrategiesbecomeexhaustedbyasentence,wemusttrysomethingelse.D.Wemustfindthemostefficientstrategyforparsing.89.Kimball’sparsingstrategyofrightassociationmeansthatA.Ourmemoryshouldnotbeover-loaded.B.newwordsarepreferentiallyattachedtothelowestpossiblenodeinthestructureconstructedsofar.C.thesentencenodetakesupmorememorycapacity.D.memoryspanisthemostimportantconstraintonparsing.90.Forthesentence“VladfiguredthatBoriswantedtotakethepetratout”,theright-associationstrategysaysthattheword“out”isA.directlyattachedtorat.B.morecloselyattachedto“take”ratherthanto“figured”C.preferablyattachedto“figured”.D.preferablyattachedto“wanted”.91.Theconstraint-basedmodelusesallofthefollowinginformationexcept______A.Syntacticinformation,B.semanticinformation,C.contextualcuesandfrequency.D.morphologicalinformation92.ThePDPperspectivearguesthat__________A.ourunderstandingofspeechgoesoninseveralstages.B.weuseseveralseparatebutsimultaneousprocessesinunderstandinglanguage.C.thereisthecooperationbetweendifferentpartsofourbrain.D.weusedifferentprocessesonasingleanalyticleveloflanguage93.Alogogeninthementallexiconis_____________A.alexicaldetectiondeviceforawordintheprocessesofspeechcomprehensionB.asignthatcanbefiredintheneurologicalorganizationofwordsC.awordthatarrangesitselfwithotherwords.D.aprocessthattriestodirectlyfindthemeaningoftheheardword.94.Ahypothesisinpsycholinguisticexperimentsisatentativerepresentationoftherelationbetween_________A.twovariablesB.twoindependentvariablesC.adependentvariableandanindependentvariable\nD.twoindependentvariables95.Apsycholinguistic“account”canbedescribedbyallthefollowingexcept________A.Itmustagreewiththeopinionofapsycholinguisticsstudent.B.Ittentativelyexplainsoftheresultofhypothesistest.C.ItsexplanationhelpsthechoiceofaplausibletheoryD.Theaccountshouldbeeasilyunifiedwithotheraccountsifthereisany.E.Itmustbeabletoyieldadeeperunderstandingofthereality.96.Whichofthefollowingsoundsmorelikeasentencethatwouldappearatthebeginningofaresearchpaper?A.Chomsky,thefamouslinguisticsprofessorMIT,hasprovidedaninnateaccountforlanguageacquisition.B.Nowadays,peopleareusingEnglishmoreandmorefrequentlyacrossdifferentculturalbackgrounds,C.Animportantissueconcerninglanguageacquisitioniswhatcontributestotheformalsystemofchildlanguage.D.Asisknowntoall,languageacquisitionisaprocessthatinvolvesmanyinfluences.97.Whichofthefollowingcontainsinformationthatshouldusuallybeincludedinanabstract?A.Theresultseemstosuggestthattherearedifferentcontributingfactorsworkingtowardsthetuningof“goed”to“went”.B.Theresultissurprising.C.Wewilldescribeastudythatadoptsaninnateaccountofwordselection.D.Languageacquisitionisanimportantpsycholinguistictopic.98.Whichofthefollowingwordsarewronglyusedinapresentpieceofpsycholinguisticacademicwritinginthegivensample:Alargebodyofpsycholinguisticresearchhasexaminedhowadultsincrementallyprocessspeechandtext,andhowandwhenvarioussourcesofinformationarecoordinatedtoarriveataninterpretation(e.g.seeMacDonald,Pearlmutter&Seidenberg,1994,Tanenhaus&Trueswell,1995,forrecentreviews)A.largeB.variousC.1994D.recent99.Whichofthefollowingwordsarewronglyusedinapresentpieceofpsycholinguisticacademicwritinginthegivensample:Acentralissueconcerningtheacquisitionofverbsiswhetherverbsaresemanticalizedatanydevelopmentalstage.A.centralB.issueC.whetherD.concerning100.Whichofthefollowingisnotanappropriatetitleofaresearchpaper?A.Thekindergarten-patheffect:studyingon-linesentenceprocessinginyoungchildrenB.Thelearninginthematernallanguageenvironment.C.Howchildrenmakelanguageoutofgesture:MorphologicalstructureingesturesystemsdevelopedbyAmericanandChinesedeafchildrenD.Opposingeffectsofageandreadingabilityonpseudowordpriming\nIII.Afterthereadingtheparagraphs,choosefromamongtheanswerstheonethatyouthinkmostappropriateforthequestionsgiven.(10%)101.Paragraph1Intwoexperiments,1.5-year-oldsweretaughtnovelwordswhosesoundpatternswerephonologicallysimilartofamiliarwords(novelneighbors)orwerenot(novelnon-neighbors).Learningwastestedusingapicture-fixationtask.Inbothexperiments,childrenlearnedthenovelnon-neighborsbutnotthenovelneighbors.Inaddition,exposuretothenovelneighborsimpairedrecognitionperformanceonfamiliarneighbors.Finally,childrendidnotspontaneouslyusephonologicaldifferencestoinferthatanovelwordreferredtoanovelobject.Thus,lexicalcompetition—inhibitoryinteractionamongwordsinspeechcomprehension—canpreventchildrenfromusingtheirfullphonologicalsensitivityinjudgingwordsasnovel.Theseresultssuggestthatwordlearninginyoungchildren,asinadults,reliesnotonlyonthediscriminationandidentificationofphoneticcategories,butalsoonevaluatingthelikelihoodthatanutteranceconveysanewword.Question:Thisparagraphisprobably______________A.anintroductoryparagraphfromatextbook.B.anabstractfromaresearchpaper.C.theconcludingparagraphofareportD.anintroductoryparagraphfromdissertation102.Paragraph2Tounderstandspeech,listenersmustidentifythesequenceofwordscomposingeachutterance.Becauseevenwordsrepeatedbythesametalkerneversoundexactlythesametwice,thisidentificationprocessrequireslistenerstodiscountperceptiblebutirrelevantphoneticcharacteristicssuchasspeakingrateandoverallpitch,whileattendingtophoneticcharacteristicsthatdistinguishwords.Furthermore,thedynamicnatureofthelexiconaddsacomplexadditionalcomponenttospeechcomprehension.Becausenewwordscanenterthevocabularyatanytime,listenersmustbealerttothepossibilitythataphoneticvariantofafamiliarwordis,infact,anovelwordtobelearned.Appropriatelybalancinginterpretationofphoneticvariationisparticularlycrucialearlyinlanguagedevelopment,whenmanywordsarebeinglearnedandwhilephoneticperceptionisstillundergoinglanguage-specifictuning.Inthepresentresearchweexaminedthisprocess,focusingonwordlearninginoneand1/2-year-olds.Question:Thisparagraphisprobably______________A.anintroductoryparagraphfromatextbook.B.anabstractfromanarticle.C.theconcludingparagraphofareportD.anintroductoryparagraphfromaresearchpaper.103-105.Paragraphs3-5\n103.Thisisprobablyapassagetakenfrom_________________A.theintroductionofaresearchpaper.B.theresearchdesignofaresearchpaper.C.theresultanddiscussionsection(s)ofaresearchpaper.D.areviewarticle.104.Thestudyisprobablyconcernedwith_______________A.thelanguagedevelopmentofsmallchildrenB.themorphologicaldevelopmentC.children’sproductionoflanguageD.children’sphonologicaldevelopment105.Afterreadingtheparagraphs,whichofthefollowingconclusionsisleastplausible?A.children’ssemanticdevelopmentisprobablynotsolelybasedonconceptualdevelopment.B.Thesoleconcernwiththemindprobablyhasneglectedwhatistrulylinguistic.C.Thereisnolanguagelearningbeforechildrenunderstandwhatanotherpersonsays.D.Frequencyisanimportantfactorinthelearningofwords.\nAnswersheetfortheTestinPsycholinguisticsasanUndergraduateCourseClassNo.NameQuestionsIIIIIIIVVTotalScoreScorerI.Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.Ifyoucomeupwitha“true”judgment,pleasewriteaclear“T”inthespacemarkedbythecorrespondingquestionnumberontheanswersheet.Otherwise,writedownan“F”.(15%)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930II.Inthefollowing,youarerequiredtochoosefromamongthefouranswerstheonethatbestcompletesthepsycholinguisticstatementand,then,fillitsmarkingletteronthecorrespondinganswersheet.(70%)313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100III.Afterthereadingtheparagraphs,choosefromamongtheanswerstheonethatyouthinkmostappropriateforthequestionsgiven.(15%)101102103104105\nChecksheet题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分阅卷人I.Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.Ifyoucomeupwitha“true”judgment,pleasewriteaclear“T”inthespacemarkedbythecorrespondingquestionnumberontheanswersheet.Otherwise,writedownan“F”.(15%)1234567891011121314151617181920TTTTFTFFTTTFTFTTTTTF21222324252627282930TTFFFTFFFTII.Inthefollowing,youarerequiredtochoosefromamongthefouranswerstheonethatbestcompletesthepsycholinguisticstatementand,then,fillitsmarkingletteronthecorrespondinganswersheet.(70%)3132333435363738394041424344454647484950ABAAACBBACACBAAAADCD5152535455565758596061626364656667686970BACBBCDCADBBACBACBAA7172737475767778798081828384858687888990BDAAAAAACAADACAAADBB919293949596979899100DBACACADABIII.Afterthereadingtheparagraphs,choosefromamongtheanswerstheonethatyouthinkmostappropriateforthequestionsgiven.(15%)101102103104105BDABC