Chapter 5 Semantic 语言学总结 5页

Chapter5Semantic5.1DefinitionThestudyofmeaninginlanguage;howmeaningisrepresentedinlanguages.Aboutthelinguisticsunits,wordsandsentencesImportantmeaning:thebasicfunctionoflanguageincommunication.5.2Approachestomeaning5.2.1WordmeaningThenamingtheory:definition,importantfigures,someproblemsinnamingtheory.Theconceptualistview:definition,aproblemwithconceptualistview.LinguisticsmodelofconceptualistviewThough(concept)Symbol(form)ReferentThebehaviorism:definition,importantfigures,problemswithbehaviorismContextualism:definition,importantfigures,aproblemwithcontextualismConventionalityandmotivation\n5.3wordmeaningReference:howlanguagesrefertothisexternalworldSense:thewaypeoplerelatewordstoeachotherwithintheframeworkoftheirlanguage.Typesofmeaning1)conceptualmeaning2)connotativemeaning3)socialmeaningassociativemeaning4)affectivemeaning5)reflectiedmeaning6)collocativemeaning7)thematicmeaningPolysemyandHomonymyPolysemy:tobetheresultfromthechangeofmeaning.Homonymy:referstothecasewherelexemeswiththesamephonologicalormorphologicalshapehavethedifferentmeaning.Homonymyhomophoneshomographscompletehomonymssite,sighttearn,tearvleadn.leadv\nSynonymy1)sourcesofsynonymy:borrowing,dialectsandregionalEnglishFigurativeandeuphemisticofwordsCoincidencewithidiomaticexpressionAntonymy1)complementaryantonyms2)Gradableantonyms3)RelationalantonymsTypes1)semanticantonyms2)StylisticpurposeoftheuseofantonymsSentencemeaning1)sentenceandpropositionSentence:definition:aunitoflanguage,astringofwordsputtogetherbythegrammaticalrulesofalanguage.Proposition：thebasicidea/thoughtofthesentence;eventsorstates;saysomethingaboutevents/states.Proposition:predicate+argument(s)SemanticRoles:Agent,patient,instrument,goal,beneficiary.\nIntersententialsemanticrelationsAentailment(蕴含)Bpresupposition（前提）Cinconsistency（矛盾）Dsynonymy（同义）Exercise2(1)(a)and(b)wordsare“nature”(a)wordsareplants(b)wordsareanimals(2)(a)and(b)wordsare“food”(a)wordsaresnakes(b)wordsareliquids(3)(a)and(b)wordsare“adjective”(a)wordsarederogatoryterm(b)wordsarecommendatoryterm(4)(a)and(b)wordsare“food”(a)wordsarenuts(b)wordsarefruits(5)(a)and(b)wordsare“stationery”(a)wordsarebook(b)wordsarewritingtools\n(6)(a)and(b)wordsare“sport”(a)wordsareeasy(b)Wordsaredifficult(7)(a)and(b)wordsare“verb”(a)wordsarenormal(b)wordsarespecific(8)(a)and(b)wordsare“life”(a)wordsaretheprocessofthelife(b)wordsaretheexpressionofthepeople(9)(a)and(b)wordsare“food”(a)wordsaremeat(b)wordsarevegetables(10)(a)and(b)wordsare“adjective”(a)wordsarecommon(b)wordsaboutdangerousMiniresearch