高级语言学试题库 12页

高级语言学一、MultipleChoices:Tickoffthebestanswer.1.Thestudyoflanguagedevelopmentoveraperiodoftimeisgenerallytermedas_____linguistics.A.appliedB.diachronicC.comparativeD.syncronic2.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?A.[p]B.[m]C.[b]D.[t]3.____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A.CompetenceB.LangueC.ParoleD.Performance4.____isanapproachtolinguisticsinwhichmathematicaltechniquesandconceptsareapplied,oftenwiththeaidofacomputer.A.computationallinguisticsB.psycholinguisticsC.generallinguisticsD.sociolinguistics5.Thewords“make”and“bus”arecalled_________becausetheycanoccurunattached.A.detivationalmorphemes12\nB.inflectionalmorphemesC.boundmorphemesD.freemorphemes6.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are__________.A.gradableantonymyB.converseantonymyC.synonymsD.co-hyponyms7.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas___.A.+animate,+human,+male,+adultB.+animate,+human,+male,-adultC.+animate,+human,-male,-adultD、+animate,+human,-male,+adult8.Whatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?”have?A.DirectiveB.PhaticC.InformativeD.Evocative9.The_____functionreferstolanguageusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.A.performativeB.directiveC.informativeD.phatic12\n10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas_________.A.＋animate,＋human,＋male,－adultB.＋animate,＋human,－male,－adultC.＋animate,＋human,＋male,＋adultD.—animate,＋human,－male,－adult11.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.Thissentencemeansthatlanguagehasthefeatureof____.A.arbitrarinessB.productivityC.dualityD.displacement12.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas___________.A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords13.Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“flower/tulip”?A.HomographB.HomonymyC.HyponymyD.Antonymy14.Whatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?”have?A.DirectiveB.PhaticB.InformativeD.Declarative15.WhichofthefollowingisnotlexicalchangeofEnglish12\nwords?A.compoundingB.assimilationC.blendingD.abbreviation16.Whatistheconstructionofthesentence“Theboysmiled”?A.ExocentricB.EndocentricC.CoordinateD.Subordinate18.Theformationofnewwordsbycombingpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalled_____.A.compoundingB.clippingC.acronymyD.blending17.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesmeaningoflanguageincontextiscalled____________A.semanticsB.sociolinguisticsC.pragmaticsD.psycholinguistics19.Thewordmeaninggiveninthedictionaryiscalled_____meaning.A.affectiveB.connotativeC.collocativeD.denotative20.Thereare___morphemesintheword“boyish”?A.threeB.twoC.oneD.four12\n21.Therelationbetween“male”and“female”islabeledas_____.A.gradabilityB.complementaryC.hyponymyD.homonymy22.Whatisthecorrectsyllablestructureoftheword“sixth”?A.VCCB.CVCC.CVCCCD.CVVC23.Inthefollowingsounds,____isabilabialnasal.A.[d]B.[l]C.[m]D.[w]24.Theword“holiday”usedtomean“holyday”inreligiousEnglish,buttodayitmeans“adayforrest”regardlessofitsreligiousnature,sothemeaningis___.A.broadenedB.narrowedC.meaningshiftedD.classshifted25.Themorpheme“moon”inthecommonword“moonwalk”isa(n)___.A.boundmorphemeB.inflectionalmorphemeC.freemorphemeD.derivationalmorpheme26.Thestructuralapproachtotheanalysisoflanguagewasstartedby__________..A.BloomfieldB.SaussureC.ChomskyD.J.Searle12\n27.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofwords,phrasesandsentencesiscalled_____.A.pragmaticsB.semanticsC.linguisticsD.syntax二.Fillintheblankswiththemostsuitablewords.Eachblankrepresentsoneword.1.Ofallthespeechorgans,the___________isthemostflexible.2.InproducingtheEnglishvowels,theairstreamcomingupfromthelungsmeetswithno_______inwhatsoevermanner.3.Apersonwhostudieslinguisticsisusuallyreferredtoasa_________.4.Alinguisticstudyis_________ifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved,itis_______ifittriestolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior.A.semanticsB.sociolinguisticsC.pragmaticsD.psycholinguistics5.Notallthesoundsoccurinthesameenvironment.Whentwosoundsneveroccurinthesameenviromnent,theyaresaidtobeinthe____________distribution.12\n1._________morphemesareattachedtowords,buttheyneverchangetheirsyntacticcategory.2.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa__________study.3._________isahighbacklaxroundedvowel.4.AccordingtoChomsky,________structureexplainsthemeaningofasentence.三.True/falsestatements:Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.TheEnglishphoneme/p/containsonlyvoicelessness,bilabiality,andplosiveness.2.Tofindoutthedistinctivesounds,thecustomarypracticeistotrytofindminimalpairs.3.Sentencestressdependsontherelativeimportanceoftheword.12\n4.Alabeledtreediagramisoftenemployedbygrammarianstoshowsemanticrelationsbetweenandamongwordsandphrases..5.[f]isadentalconsonant.6.“Willbeleaving”isanendocentricconstruction.7.Ofallthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage,displacementisthemostimportant.8.Thereare26consonantsinEnglish.9.“MaryhasbeentoEurope”presupposes“Maryhasbeentoabroad”.12\n10.Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.11.Theword“ungentlemanliness”hasfivemorphemes12.Themorpheme“nation”intheword“internationals”isbotharootandastem.13.TheCPPrinciple,putforwardbyP.Grice,hasfourmaxims,forwritingaswellasspeaking.14.Nouns,articles,conjunctionsadjectivesandaresaidtobelexicalwords,whileverbs,prepositions,adverbsandpronounsaregrammaticalwords.12\n15.Derivationshowstherelationbetweenstemsandaffixes.16.Linguisticcompetenceisalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules..17.Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencepatternsofalanguage.18.Thedifferentmembersofaphoneme,soundswhicharephoneticallydifferentbutdonotmakeadifferentword,arephones.19..Intonationmaybringpartofasentenceintoprominencebyplacingthenucleusonthesyllableconcerned.四.ExplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish1.phoneme12\n1.minimalpairs3semantictrianglet4.syntax5.syntagmaticrelation五.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.WhatisthemainideaofJ.Austin‘stheory?2.Discussthefourmaindesignfeaturesoflanguage.3.Explainthethreemainsub-typesofantonymybyusingexamples.4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenderivationalmorphemeand12\ninflectionalmorpheme?5.Sentencesarebelievedtobebothlinearlyandhierarchicallystructured.Treediagramsareoftenusedtoillustratesuchstructures.Drawatreediagramforthefollowingstatement:Theangrymanagerfiredtwowaitersfromtherestaurant.六.Essayquestions:Therearefourstatementshere.ChooseTWOofthemandmakeananalysisorgiveanexplanationofthetwo.1.Whatarethefeaturesofcollocates?2.Languageishuman-specific.3.Whatbenefitshavegainedfromyourstudyoflinguistics?4.Languageisbasicallyarbitrary.12