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``·absolute universals 绝对共性[廖328]absolute case 通格[廖204]abstract construct 抽象结构[廖235]accessibility hierachy 辨认度[廖27]acceptability 可接受性[廖373]accommodation 让步,适应[陶]accompaniment adverb 交与副词[吕239]accomplishment 结束[陈147 159]accusative 受事格[廖346]accusative object 受事宾语[吕240]achievement 成就[陈147]act 行为[廖236]act sequence 信息内容与形式[陶] actional predicate 动作谓语[吕240]activated 被激发的[廖396 402]active 主动格[陈108]activity 活动[陈147 157]actual 实际[廖375]adequacy 切应性[陈51]adjacency 邻接关系[吕240]adjacency pairs 语对[陶]adjective 形容词[吕240]adjunct string 附加语符列[陈45]adjuncts 修饰语[廖27]adjusment model 调整模式[陈41]adposition 介词[吕240]advanced 高等[陶]adverb 副词[吕240]adverb-fronting 副词前移[吕240]adverb-lowering 副词下降[吕240]affective 表情(作用)[陈9]affix 词缀[吕240]Afrikanns 阿富堪斯[陶]age grading 年龄级差[陶]agent 施事[吕240]agglutinating 粘着型[廖331]``\n``agglutinative 粘着型[陈107]agreement 一致[吕240]agreement maxim 同意的准则[廖369]AI(artificial intelligence) 人工智能[廖235]allocation of function 功能的分配[陶]allocation of use 用途的分配[陶]ambiguity 歧义[吕240]ambiguity maxim 歧义准则[廖370]American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages (ACTFL) 美国外语教学委员会[陶]American Institutes of Research 美国研究所[陶]analogues 模拟词[廖408]analytic 分析型[陈107]analytic causative 分析式使成式[廖345]anaphor 回指对象[陈182] anaphora 指称替代[廖236] 回指形式[陈182] anaphoric reference 回指[陈121 181][吕240]animacy 生命度[廖326 332 347 352]antecedent 先行词[陈182] 被代词[吕240]anterior 先事时[陈173]anterior future 先事将来时[陈174]anterior past 先事过去时[陈174]anterior present 先事现在时[陈174]anthropological 人类学的[廖235]anthropology 人类学[陶]Antigua 西印度群岛上的安梯瓜[陶]antipodals 对跖词[廖413]antonym 两极词[廖412]antonymy 两极关系[廖417] apparent time 显象时间[陶]appositive clause 同位小句[吕240]approbation maxim 表扬的准则[廖369]appropriateness 合适性[廖374]得体性[陶]arbitrary 任意的[陶]archiphoneme 原音位[陈10]argument 论元[陈84 196] 参与者[吕240] argument position 论元位[陈104]``\n``argumentation 论辩体[廖124]argumentative 论证[廖236]argumentative structure 论证结构[廖237]Aroucanians 智利的阿劳卡尼人[陶]article 冠词[吕240]aspect 时态[陈143] 态[吕240] 体[陶] assert 肯定[吕240]assertion 肯定[吕240] assertive 断言的[廖425]assign 分配[吕240]associated typology 关联类型学[廖331]atomic structure of sentences 句子的原始结构[吕240]attach to 系附于[吕240]attenuated 较单薄的[廖61]attributes 属性[廖435 449]attributive relative clause 修饰性关系小句[吕240]audience design 听众设计[陶]augmented transition network 扩展的转移网络[廖379]authentic 真实材料[陶]automatic translation 自动翻译[陈96]autonomous syntax 自主的句法[廖236]Autosegmental Phonology 自分音系理论[陶]auxiliary verb 助动词[吕240]BBaby Talk娃娃腔 [陶]back-channel 衬托型反馈形式[陶]backgrounding 抑退[吕240]Bahasa Indonesia 巴萨印度尼西亚话[陶]ballooning(of rules) (规则)膨胀[吕240]banter principle 逗乐原则[廖369]bare noun 光杆名词[陈129]basic level 基本层次[廖417]basic level terms 典型层次词[廖436]Basque 巴斯克语[陶]``\n``Bazaar Malay 集市马来话[陶]begging 乞求[陶]behavioral norm 行为规范[陈106]Berber 柏柏尔语[陶]beyond sentence grammar 超句语法[廖234]bi-cultural 双文化[陶]bidialectalism 双方言[陶]bilingual 说双语的人[陶]bilingualism 双语[陶]biunique 一一对应[陈11]bounded 有界的[陈168]boundedness 封闭性[廖438]bracketing 加括[吕241]brand new 全新的[廖399]bundle of features 特征束[陈10]Ccamaraderie 同志式的[陶]cardinal reference-point 主要元音参考点[廖318]case-marker 格标记[吕241]case marking 格标记[廖340]Catalan 加泰窿语[陶]cataphoric reference 反指[陈206]catastrophic change 剧变,灾变[陶]catastrophism 剧变说,灾变说[陶]categorize 类化[陈103]categorization 范畴化[廖449]category 范畴[廖449][吕241]causal 因果性[陈117]causative construction 使成结构[廖326 344]cause adverb 原因副词[吕241]causee 使成者[廖345]causer 肇事者[廖345]center string 中心语符列[陈45]change in progress 进行中的变化[陶]``\n``chunk 信息块[陈89]circumstantial role 附带成分[陈183]circumstantials 随遇成分[廖27]citation 引用[廖359]clarity principle 清楚原则[廖370]class 类[陈128]classical 古语[陶]class-inclusion 类包括[吕241]classes of words 词类[吕241]classification 分类体[廖124]clause 小句[廖236][吕241]clause-internal rules 小句内部规则[吕241]cleft sentence 分裂句[陈240]clefting 分裂[吕241]closed network 封闭网络[陶]cluster 词群[廖408]code 代码[吕241]code norm 代码规范[陈105]code-switching 语码转换[陶]codification 标准的健全[陶]coding 表现[陈163]coding device 编码手段[吕241]cognitive content 认识内容[吕241]cognitive correspondence 认知对应原则[陈104]cognitive function 认识功能[吕241]cognitive information 认知信息[陶]cognitive representation theory 认知表现理论[陈104]cognitive science 认知科学[廖380]cognitive synonymy 认知同义关系[廖406]coherence 意义连贯[廖373]cohesion 形式连贯[廖373]cohesive relationship 连贯关系[廖399]collaborative finish 合作完成式[陶]collocational restrictions 习惯性搭配限制[廖408]command 统御[陈68]comment 论述,陈述[廖333 396][陈187] 说明[吕241]``\n``commissives 承诺[廖423]common focus 共喻圈[吕242]common knowledge 共同知识[吕242]communication 传信[廖379]communication accommodation theory, CAT 交际适应理论[陶]communicative competence 交际能力[廖278]communicative force 实际用义[廖357]communicative language teaching 交际语言教学[陶]compactness 简洁[吕242]comparative 比较[吕242]compatibility 并存关系[廖407]competence 语言能力[陈18] 能耐[吕242]complementaries 互补词[廖411]complements 补足成分[廖27] 补语[吕242]complementizer 成形剂[吕242]complex change 复变[陈160]complex-NP-shift 复杂NP移位[吕242]complex sentence 复杂句[吕242]componentialist 要素分析者[廖438]compound interdependent 合成型[陶]compression rules 压缩规则[吕242]conative function 使动功能[廖313]conceptual dependency 概念从属(语法)[陈101]concord 一致[吕242]conditional adverb 条件副词[吕242]conditional coherence 条件连贯[陈83]configuration 构型[廖438]configurationality 组合性[陈108]congruence relations 一致关系[廖406]congruent 一致性[陶]congruent meronym 一致部件[廖407]conjoinability 可连接性[廖27]conjunction 连词/联合[吕242]conjunction-reduction 省并[吕242]connectivers 连接成分[廖451]constituency rules 组成成分规则[廖314]``\n``constituent class 成分类别[陈41]constituent ellipsis 成分省略[廖14]constituent insertion 成分插入[陶]constituent order 结构成分顺序[廖334]constitutive principles 构成原则[廖373]constant 常量[吕242]constraints 限制[廖328] 约束[吕242]construction grammar 结构语法[廖281]containment 包含[廖483]contemporary 当代[陶]content form 内容形式[陈9]content mode 内容表达式[廖359]content substance 内容实体[陈9]context 语境,上文[廖236 395]context of situation 言语情景;情景的上下文[陶]context-dependent structure/system 依靠语境的结构/系统[廖236]context-free rule 不受上下文约束的规则[吕242]context of situation 语境[廖319]context-sensitive rule 受上下文约束的规则[吕242]contextual relations 语境关系[廖404]contextual style 场合语体[陶]contextualization cues 语境线索[陶]continuity 连续性[陈187]continuous variable 连续变量[陶]continuum 连续体[陈64 162]contraction 语音省缩[吕242]contrary 指反[陈217]contrastive prominence 对比重音[吕242]control 自控力[廖332]convergence 靠近[陶]conversation 会话[廖236]conversational analysis,CA 对话分析[廖235] 会话分析[陶]conversational implicatures 话语蕴含[陶]conversational postulates 对话原则[廖361]converse 逆反词[廖413]co-occurrence constraint 共现约束[吕242]``\n``cooperative principle 合作原则[廖179 357]co-ordinate independent 并存型[陶]coordinate structure 并列结构[吕242]copula verb 系词[吕242]coreference 同一性关系[陈182]corpus planning 语型规划[陶]corrected mean 修正均值[陶]correspondence 对应[廖365]co-taxonyms 同类分类词[廖409]counteractive 反动关系[廖412]counterparts 对应词[廖413]covert prestige 隐威信[陶]creole 克里奥语,混合语[陶]criterial 判别性的[廖404]cross-cultural communication 跨文化的交际[陶]crossover 超越[陶]cultivation 培养[陶]current 邻接的[廖399]cycle 轮转[吕243]cyclic application 循环使用[廖317]contrastive features 区别特征[陶]Ddata 数据[廖236]dative 与格[廖346]Davidian 达罗毗荼[陶]declaratives 宣告句[廖420] declarative sentence 陈述句[吕243]de-creolization 克里奥尔脱化[陶]de-creolization continuum 克里奥尔脱化连续体[陶]deep structure 深层结构[吕243]default 常规选择[廖373]deferent 敬重[陶]Deficit Hypothesis 语言缺陷论[陶]definite 有定[廖40]``\n``definiteness 定指度[廖342]definiteness of subject and object 主语和宾语的限定[廖237]degree-terms 程度词[廖411]deictic 指示词[吕243]deixis 指示词[廖195]deletion rules 消除规则[吕243]delicacy 精细度[廖319]demonstrative structure 论证结构[廖451]deontic modality 义务情态[廖419]dependency relation 依赖关系[吕243]derivational morphology 衍生构词[廖316] 构词形态[吕243]derived sentence 派生句[吕243]derived structure 派生结构[吕243]description 描写体[廖124]descriptive structuer 描写结构[廖237] descriptivists 描写学派[廖308 322][陈11 35]design features 图案成分[廖309]destressing 轻音化[吕243]determiner 区别词[吕243]deviation 偏离[陶]diachronic derivability 历时可导性[陈116]diagram 图解[吕243]dialect 方言[陶]dialect geography 方言地理学[廖264]dialectology 方言学[廖262]dialogic 对话性[陶]dialogue 对话[廖234 236]differentiable 可区分的[廖408]diglossia 双言制[陶]dimension 标度[廖211]dimensional model 层面模式[陈109]direct illocutions 直接表达式[廖361]direct object 直接宾语[吕243]directional adverb 趋向副词[吕243]directives 指令[廖423]direct speech 直接句[廖360]``\n``discourse 对话[廖379] 言谈[吕243]discourse analysis 篇章分析[廖181 234 310][陈25 55]discourse connectedness 篇章连贯[廖236]discourse connectives 篇章连接[廖236 237]discourse for special occasions 特别场合的篇章[廖236]discourse-functional syntax 篇章-功能句法[廖236]discourse-functionally motivated structure/system有篇章-功能理据的结构/系统[廖237]discourse genres 篇章类型[廖236]discourse intonation 篇章语调[廖236]discourse organization 篇章结构[廖236]discourse particles 篇章词[廖236]discourse perspective on syntax 篇章观点看句法[廖237]discourse predicate 篇章谓词[廖236 237]discourse scope 篇章管界[廖236 237]discourse units 篇章单位[廖236]discovery procedure 发现过程[廖309] 发现程序[陈11 43]discrete 离散的[廖332]displaced 间隔的[廖399]dissonance 不和谐[廖416]distant 距离,保持距离[陶]distinctive features 区别成分[廖317]distinctive feature theory 区别成分理论[廖313]distributionalists 分布学派[陈11]distribution universals 分布共性[廖338]divergence 分离[陶]Document Design Project, DDP 文献设计计划[陶]doing 做事[陶]domain 认知领域[廖438]domain of predication 表述界域[吕243]domain of transformations 转换界域[吕243]domain theory 语域理论[陶]dominances 处理中心[廖373]dominant 显性[陈115]double articulation 双重分节[陈113]doublet 词对[廖408]``\n``dummy filler 傀儡成分[吕244]durative 持续[陈152]dynamic process 动态过程[陈64]Eearly modern 现代早期[陶]ease of processing 循索的便利[吕244]eclectic 折中调和[陈70]economy principle 简练原则[廖370]effectiveness 有效性[廖374]efficiency 简易性[廖373]efficient 高效性[陈40]elaborated code 复杂语码[陶]elaboration 标准的扩建[陶]elementary sentence 初级句[陈45]ellipsis 省略[廖14 236]ellipsis of arguments and frams 主目和框架的省略[廖237]embed sentence 嵌入句[吕244]embedded construction 嵌套结构[陶]empirical evidence 立论依据[陈16]empty category 空语类[陈17]encode 表现[陈22]end-focus maxim 焦点在尾准则[廖359 370]endocentric 内中心[吕244]endoglossic 本土的[陶]endonym 被包含词[廖408]ends 目标与效果[陶] end-scope maxim 辖域在尾准则[廖370]end-weight maxim 重心在尾准则[廖359 370]entail 包含[廖194]entailment 包含关系[廖404]entity 实体[廖435][陈120]episodic memory 情节记忆[廖376]epistemic modality 知识情态[廖419]equi-NP-deletion 等名消除[吕244]``\n``equipollent antonyms 均等词[廖412]ergative-absolutive system 施-受格系统[廖333]ergative case 作格[廖204][陈108]ergativity 作格格局[廖196]ethnicity 民族[陶]ethno- 民族,民俗[陶]ethnographical 人群学的[廖235]ethnography of communication 交际民族志学[陶]ethnography of speaking 言语民族志学;交际人种志学[陶]ethnomethodological 民族学的[廖235]ethnomethodology 民俗方法论[陶]European Community 欧洲共同体[陶]evaluated participation, EP 参与估价[陶]evaluation 评价体[廖124] 评价[陶]evaluatives 评价[廖423]event 事件[廖236]evidence 验证[吕244]evoked 激发的[廖399 402]exchange 交换[廖236]excluded 排斥的[廖404]exemplar 样本[廖435]existential sentence 存在句,呈现句[吕244]exocentric 外中心[吕244]exoglossic 外来的[陶]exonym 包含词[廖408]expansion rule 扩展规则[吕244]expected 预期的[廖404]experiencer 感受者[廖332]expert category 专业范畴[廖437]explicit 明确[陈37]expository 说明,说明体[124 236]exposition 说明体[廖124]expression form 表达形式[陈9]expression substance 表达实体[陈9]expressive discourse 抒情体[廖124]expressive function 表情功能[廖313]``\n``expressity principle 表达力原则[廖370]extended performative hypothesis 扩展表述句式假说[廖361]extraposition 外位[吕244]Ffactive 叙实[吕244]factivity 实事性[吕244]falsification 证伪[陈26]family resemblance 家庭成员相似性[廖434]family resemblance category 家庭成员相似范畴[廖439]family tree theory 家族树理论[陈5]feature 特征[廖449]feature norm 特征规范[陈106]feedback 反馈[陶]field 场域[陈79] 范围[陶]figure 人物[廖161]finished product 成品[陈86]finite-state grammar 有限状态语法[陈49]first pair part 上联[陶]flagged 插旗式,标记性[陶]flectional 融合性[廖331]Flemish 荷兰语的佛来米语[陶]focus 焦点[廖332][陈65]focus of information 信息焦点[陈235]focusing rules 聚焦规则[吕244]folk category 通俗范畴[廖437]folk taxonomy 民俗分类结构[廖409]force 动力,用意[廖332 357 360]foregrounding 突出[吕244]Foreign Service Institute美国外交学院[陶]foreigner talk 外国人腔[陶]formalism 形式主义[廖452]formalist 形式主义学派[陈14]formalist functionalism 形式功能主义[廖357]formal universals 形式共性[廖327]``\n``formation rules 成形规则[吕244]formulaic 套语性[陈112]forms of communication 交际形式[陶]forms of speech 言语形式[陶]fossilize 僵化[陶]frame 框架[廖400 438 451][陈82] 交际框架[陶]framing 框架[陶]frequency adverb 频次副词[吕245]fronting 前化[陈6]fronting rules 移前规则[吕245]full turn 正式的话轮[陶]function assignment 功能分配[陈96]function of communication 交际功能[陶]functional coherence 功能连贯[廖236][陈83]functional communicative activities 功能性交流活动[陶]functionalism 功能主义[廖452]functionalist 功能主义学派[陈14]functional sentence perspective 功能的句子透视[廖374][陈56]function yield 功能值[廖313]functor-content hierarchy 虚-实词等级[廖338]future 将来时[陈173]Ggapping 缺略[吕245]gender 性[吕245]general 普遍性[陈40]general linguistics 普通语言学[廖274 320]general linguistic theory 普通/遍语言理论[廖275]general pragmatis 普通语用法[廖365]Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar 普遍短语结构语法[陈14]generate 概括,定义,规范[廖314 322] 生成[吕245]generation difference 代差[陶]generative grammar 生成语法[廖322]generative phonology 生成音系学[廖318]generative sementics 生成语义学[廖345][陈19 59]``\n``generative syntax 生成句法学[廖318]genres 言语体裁[陶] generic 通指[陈119 167]generic level 属层[廖409]generosity maxim 宽宏的准则[廖369]genetic 起源性[陈116]genetic linguistics 谱系语言学[陈109]gerund formation 动名词形成[吕245]gerundivization 动名词化[吕245]given information 已知信息[陈78 187 234]global coherence 总体连贯[陈83]globally 总的[廖359]glossematics 语符学[廖316 322]glosseme 语符[陈9]goal 对象[吕245]Government and Binding 支配与约束理论[陈14]grade-terms 渐变词/成分[廖411][陈162]gradualism 均变说[陶]grammar 语法[廖357 371]grammaticality 合乎语法[廖314]grammaticality judgement 语法判别能力[陶]grammaticalization 语法化[陈23]grammaticalness 合语法性[吕245]Great Vowel Shift 元音大换位[陶]HHausa 豪萨语[陶]head 中心语[陈45]hearsay 听说[廖421]heavier element principle 大块头原则[吕245]hedge 模棱话[陶]hedges 边界词[廖437]heterogeneity 复杂性或异质性[陶]heterogeneous 异质的[陈152]hierarchical structure 层次构造/结构[陈28 39]``\n``hierarchy 等级结构[廖328 408]hierarchy of accessibility to relativization关系子句化的可即度等级[廖343]hierarchy of individuation 个体化等级[廖348]hierarchy of saliency 显著性等级[廖348]high key 高音[廖441]high variety 高变体[陶]higher mental function 高级智力功能[陶]higher-order predicate 高次位词[陈196]Hindi 印地语[陶]historical linguistics 历史语言学[廖349]holistic typology 整体类型[廖331]homogeneous 均质的[陈152] 同质的[陶]hortatory 规劝/诱导体[廖124 236]hypercorrection 矫枉过正[陶]hypoconverse 下逆反词[廖407]hyponymy 下义关系[廖406]IICAO 国际民航组织[陶]idea unit 思想单位[陈102]ideal speaker 理想的说话人[廖308]ideational 表义部分[廖358] 意念成分[陈78]ideational function 表义功能[廖364]identical deletion 承前删除[廖14]identifiable 定指[陈119]identifying function 鉴别功能[吕246]idiolect 个人语言[陈26]idiomaticity 惯用性质[陈111]ill-formed 非完美形式[陈48] 不协调[吕246]illocutions 行事作用[陈96]immediate constituents 直接成分[陈36]imperative sentence 命令句[吕246]imperfective 不完全态[陈177] 未完成态[吕246]Implementation 标准的实施[陶]``\n``implicate 蕴含[陶]implicational hierarchy 蕴含层级[廖433]implicational universals 蕴含共性[廖327 328][陈108]implicature 会话蕴含,含义,蕴含义[廖195 365 395][陈65]improbability 不可能[廖416]inappropriateness 不合适[廖408]inceptive 始事态[吕246]inclusive 包容性[陈40]incompatibility 排斥关系[廖407]incongruence 不调合[廖408]incongruent非一致性[陶]incoroporating 聚合型[廖331]incrementation 增长[吕246]indefinite-agent-deletion 无定施事消除[吕246]indefinite article 无定冠词[吕246]indefinite-NP-deletion 无定名词短语消除[吕246]in-depth 深探式[陈27]index 指标[陶]index of fusion 融合度[廖331]index of status characteristics, ISC地位特征指数[陶]index of synthesis 合成度[廖331]indexical information 特征信息[陶]indexical meaning 检索意义[陶]indexicality of sign 符号的引得属性[陶]indicative 直陈语气[吕246]indicator 指示项[陶]indirect converse 间接逆反词[廖413]indirect illocutions 间接表达式[廖361]indirect speech 间接句[廖360]indirect speech act 间接讲话行为[廖361]individual 单指[陈119] 个体[陈128]inference 推论[廖395]inferrable 可推导的[廖399]inflected 曲折型[陈107]inflection 构形变化[吕246]inflectional morphology 构形形态[吕246]``\n``information structure 信息结构[陈66]information theory 信息论[陶]information unit 信息单位[陈66 78]informativity 信息度[廖373]inherent 固有的[陶]inner city 内城[陶]innateness 天赋论[廖328]insertion rules 插入规则[吕246]instantiate 例示[廖435]instrumental adverb 工具副词[吕246]instrumentalities 交际工具[陶]instantiation 体现[陈77]intellectual revolution 知识革命[陶]intelligibility 可懂度[陶]intensifier 强度副词[吕246]intensional verb 愿望副词[吕246]intention 意图[吕246]intentionality 有目的性[廖373]interaction 相互影响[廖236] 交流,互动[陶]interactional 相互作用的[廖394] 交流大纲[陶]interactive 互动关系[廖412]interest principle 有趣原则[廖369]interjection 叹词[吕246]interlanguage 中介语[陶]interlinguistics 语际语言学[陈96]intermediate 中等[陶]interpersonal 人际成分[陈78]interpersonal rhetoric 人际修辞[廖358 363]inter-personal variation 个人之间的变异[陶]interpretive semanticists 解释语义学派[陈19]interrogatives 询问句[廖420]intertextuality 章际性[廖373]intonation contour 调形[陈78]intonation unit 语调单位[陈102]intransitive 不及物[吕246]intra-personal variation 个人内部的变异[陶]``\n``intra-sentential code-switching 句内语码转换[陶]introspection 内省[陈24]introspective judgement 内省的判断[廖314]inversion 倒转[吕246]in-width 博采式[陈27]irony maxim 讽刺准则[廖357]irony principle 讽刺原则[廖369]irreversible 不可逆的[廖209]isogloss 等言线,等语线[陶]isolating 孤立型[廖331]item and arrangement 单元和排列[廖316][陈41]item and process 单元和过程[廖316][陈41]iterative 多次态[陈171]Jjourney 历程[廖438]jussives 命令句[廖420]Kkernel sentence 核心句[吕247]key 传递信息的方式、风格[陶]knowing 获取知识[陶]knowledge schema 知识框架,知识脚本[陶]Llandmark 参照点[廖440]language 语言[陶]language contact 语言的接触[陶]language death 语言死亡[陶]language faculty 语言官能[廖277]language imposition 语言上加,语言强加[陶]language of wider communication, LWC 交际面广泛的语言[陶]language policy 语言政策[陶]``\n``language politics 语言政治[陶]language shift 语言转移[廖389] 语言替换[陶]language socialization 语言社会化过程[陶]language spread 语言扩散[陶]language typology 语言类型[廖330 331]language universal 语言共性成份[廖313 326 329] [陈13]langue 语言[陶]leakage of rules 规则的遗漏[吕247]lexeme 词目[廖405]lexical causative 词汇使成式[廖345]lexical diffusion 词汇扩散[陶]lexical form 词形[廖405]lexical functional grammar 词汇-功能语法[陈14 100]lexical interpretivists 词汇解释学派[陈59]lexical mophemes 实词素[廖353]lexical phonology 词汇音系学[陈101]lexical semantics 词汇语义学[陈101]lexical siblings 兄弟词[廖408]lexical substitution 词语替代[廖236 237]lexical unit 词义单元[廖403]lexicalgrammar 词汇语法[陈77]lexicalist hypothesis 词汇假说[陈100]lexicalization 词汇化[吕247]lexicon 词库[吕247]linear order 线性顺序[陈28]lingua franca 交际语[陶]linguistic context 语言环境[陈23 124]linguistic competence 语言能力[廖308]linguistic description 语言描写[廖274]linguistic insecurity 语言不安全感[陶]linguistic performance 语言表现[廖308]linguistic polarity 语言极化[廖414]linguistic proper 纯语言学[陈55]linguistic relativity 语言相对论[廖322]linguistic typology 语言类型[廖332]linguistic universal(s) 语言共性[廖329]``\n``linguistics 语言学[廖274]linguistics theories 语言理论[廖274]linguistic theory 语言理论[廖274]literary discourse 文学体[廖124]live conversation 正在使用的交谈[廖234]loanwords 借词[陶]local coherence 局部连贯[陈83]locative adverb 处所副词[吕247]locutive verbs 表达动词[廖360]logic polarity 逻辑极化[廖414]logic-pragmatic mapping 逻辑-语用映像[廖361]logical sense 字义[廖361]loop 闭合循环[陈50]low variety 低变体[陶]lowering rules 下降规则[吕247]Mmacro continuity 宏观连续性[陈187]macro-sociolinguistics宏观社会语言学[陶]macrostructure 宏观结构[陈83]macrosyntactic conjunctions 超句子的连词[廖85]macrosyntactic use of conjunctions 连词的超句子用法[廖90]maintenance 维持,保持[陶]major language 主要语言[陶]manner adverb 状态副词[吕248]map 地图式,静止定位式[廖161]mapping 映射[廖365]marked 有标记的,不自然的[廖317]markedness 不自然性[317]marker 标志项[陶]market segmentation 市场分割[陶]Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts(美国马萨诸塞州)马萨葡萄园岛,马岛[陶]matched guise technique 配对变语法[陶]maxim 准则[廖357 363]maximization 最广泛的解释[廖417]``\n``meaning 语义[廖376]means adverb 手段副词[吕248]means-end analysis 手段-目的分析[廖366]mental model 内心模型[廖400]mental representation 心灵表象[廖436]merger rules 融合规则[吕248]meronymy 部件结构,部件关系[廖410]message 信息[吕248] 内容[陶] metalanguage 高一层次的语言[廖359]metaphor 隐喻[廖432 439]metaphorical extension 比喻引申[吕248]metaphorical switching 喻义性转换[陶]metareference 自指[廖359]mrtareferential constituent 自指成分[廖359]method 方法[廖236]metonymy 转喻[廖432 439]micro continuity 微观连续性[陈187]micro-sociolinguistics 微观社会语言学, 小社会语言学[陶]microanalysis 微观分析[陶]minor language 次要语言[陶]missing link 欠缺的环节[廖401]modality 情态[廖430]mode 方式[陈79]modal-lowering 语气下降[吕248]modality 语气[吕248]model-theoretic 模型论[廖359]mode 方式[陶]mode of action 行为方式[廖319]mode of mention 表达方式[廖359]modesty maxim 谦虚的准则[廖369]modern 现代[陶]modifier 修饰语[吕248]modularity 模块性[陈96]modumonogenesis 单一祖语论[廖328]monologue 独白[廖234 236]mood 语气[廖420 430]``\n``morphological case 词形格[廖332]morphological causative 形态使成式[廖345]morphophonemic rule 语素音位规则[陈42]motherese 母亲式语型[陶]motivating 制导[陈75]move 语步[陈76]movement rules 移动规则[吕248]multi-dimensional 多向/多维[吕248]multilingualism 多语[陶]multiple-clause rules 多小句规则[吕248]Nnarrative 记叙体[廖124 236]national language 国语[陶]national official language 本国官方语言[陶] native speaker 讲本族语人[陈24]Natural Communicative Concentration 自然交际聚合体[陶]natural phonology 自然语音系统学[廖318]natural taxonomy 自然分类结构[廖409]near universals 近似共性[廖352]Nederlands 荷兰语的奈德兰兹语[陶] negation operator 否定因子[吕248]negative face 消极面子[陶]negative-fronting 否定移前[吕248]negative-lowering 否定下降[吕249]negligibility 可忽略性[廖27]Neogrammarian principle 规则性原理[陶]neogrammarians 新语法学派[陈6]neo-linguistics 新语言学派[廖305]Network Analysis 网络分析[陶]neutralization 消失[廖315]new 新的[廖399]new information 新的信息[陈78 187 234]node 结[吕249]nominal anaphora 名词性回指[陈181]``\n``nominal kind 名义上的类[廖409]nominalization 名词化[吕249]nomination theory 命名理论[陈95]nominative 主格[陈108]nominative-accussative system 主-宾格系统[廖333]nonce borrowing 一次借词[陶]non-assertive 非断言的[廖425]non-existence 述无[陈217]non-factive 非事实[廖425]non-factuality 非事实性[廖419]non-finite 非定[廖424]non-focus 非焦点[廖332]nonidentifiable 不定指[陈119]non-implicational universals 非蕴含共性[廖328]non-linguistic context 非语言环境[陈23 125]non-referential 无所指[廖42][陈119 167]nonspecific 虚指[陈119]norm 规范[陈105]norms 交流中的行为规范[陶] norm selection 标准的选择[陶] notation system 符号系统[廖314]novice 初等[陶]NP accessbility hierarchy 名词的优先级[廖197]nucleus 调核[陈235]number agreement 数的一致Nynorsk 新挪威语[陶]Oobject-fronting 宾语移前[吕249]oblique clauses 修饰小句[廖426]oblique object 其它间接宾语[廖346]official language 官方,正式语言[陶]officially absent 出入意外[陶]onomasiology 专名学[陈95]onomatopoetic 拟声词[陈96]``\n``open-endedness 敞开性[吕249]open network 开放网络[陶]operand 操作数[廖336]operator 操作符[廖336] 因子[吕249]operation 操作[陈45]operational definition 操作定义[陶]ordered heterogeneity 有序异质性[陶]orthography 正字法[吕249]overlap 同时发话[陶]overlapping antonyms 重迭两极词[廖412]Ppair 话对[廖188 236]pairwise 语对式的[陶]pane 棂[廖451]paradigm(atic) 范式[陈112] 聚合/门法,模式[吕249]paradingmatic system 平行系统[廖307]paradox 自相矛盾[廖408]paragraph 段落[廖236]parameter 参量/参项[陈13 108]paraphrase 换说[吕250]para-relation 伴随关系[廖407]parataxis 意合并列结构[廖427]parole 言语[陶]parsing 语法分析[陈88]participant continuity 主题连续性[陈22]participant role 参与成分[陈183]participants 参与者[廖27][吕250]particle 助词[吕250]partitial relation 局部关系[廖407]past 过去时[陈173]patient 受事[吕250]perceptual strategy 辨认策略[吕250]perfective 完全态[陈177] 完成态[吕250]performance 语言应用/语言行为[陈18 63] 表演[吕250]``\n``performance errors 表现错误[陶]performative hypothesis 言行句假设[廖360 426]performative 言行句[廖426 363 360]performative verbs 表述动词[廖360] 实践动词[吕250]peripherals 外围成分[廖27]permutation 交换[吕250]personal interaction 个人间交际[陶]persuasive dicourse 劝说体,诱导体[廖124]pervasiveness 广泛性[陶]phase 时相[陈143]phatic maxim 套话的准则[廖369]philosophical 哲学的[廖235]phonetic change 语音变化[陶]phonological feature 音系特征[陈10]phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法[陈49]phrase-structure rules 语句结构规则[吕250]phrasing 分段[吕250]Pidgin 洋泾 语,皮钦语[陶]pleonasm 冗余[廖416]plesionyms 近义词[廖415]plot 情节结构,情结[廖130 189]point time adverb 时点副词[吕250]polar antonyms 极化两极词[廖412]polarity 极化[414]politeness 文雅[廖362]polite principle 礼貌原则[廖368]Pollyanism 波利安现象[廖231]pollyanna principle 乐观原则[廖369 371]polysynthetic 聚合型[廖331]polysystemic 多系统论[廖319]pop back 弹回[陈203]population 全域[陶]positive face 积极面子[陶]possible 可能的[廖404]post-Bloomfieldians 布龙菲尔德之后学派[陈12 36]post-diglossia 后双言制[陶]``\n``post-imperial states 后帝制时代国家[陶]posterior 后事时[陈173]posterior future 后事将来时[陈174]posterior past 后事过去时[陈174]posterior present 后事现在时[陈174]postposition 后介词[吕250]postulate 假设[廖365]power 权势,权势量[陶]powerless language 无势力的语言[陶]pragma-linguistics 语用语言学[廖366]pragmatic force 用意[廖361]pragmatic role 语用角色[廖332]pragmatics 语用法,语用学[廖363]pragmatic space 语用空间[廖361 362]precategorize 类化前[陈103]precedence 先后关系[吕250]predicate-lowering 谓语下降[吕251]predication 述谓[陈42] 表述[吕251]predictability 可预测性[廖27]preferred argument structure 偏爱的论元结构[廖196]pre-literate 没有书面传统的[陶]prepatterned 预制性[陈112]prescribed 规定的[陶]present 现在时[陈173]presentative sentence 呈现句[吕251]presupposition 预设[廖395][陈65]presupposition pool 共有的预设[廖396]preteritization 过去时构成[陈42]previous mention 前文提及[吕251]primary tense 初级时制[陈173]primitive 原始[陶]principle 原则[廖363]principle-controlled 原则控制的[廖365]principle governed 原则制约的[廖356]principle of analogy 类推的原则[廖395]principle of local interpretation 局部理解原则[廖395]``\n``probability 盖然性[廖19] 可能性,概率[陶]problem-solving 解题[廖366]procedural 过程体[廖124 236]procedural semantics 程序语义学[陈64]process 过程[廖379][陈78 86]processibility principle 可处理原则[廖370]productive 活的(手段)[廖345] 能产性[陈40]proficiency 能力,熟练程度[陶]profile 突出[廖438]prominent syllable 强读音节[陈80]promoted 提倡的[陶]pronominal anaphora 代词性回指[陈181]pronominalization 代名化[吕251]pronouns substitution 代词替代[廖237]proper noun 固有名词/专名[吕251]proportional series 比例系列[廖408]propositional content 命题内容[吕251]prosodic 音律[陶]prosodic intonation节律语音[陶]prosody 超音段成分[廖319]prototype 典型/原型[廖449][陈193]prototypicality 典型性[廖218 435]pseudo-linguistic 假语言[陶]pseudo-opposite 表面对立词[廖413]pseudo-problem 假问题[陈107]psychographics 心理风貌[陶]psycholinguistics 心理语言学[陈96]psychological reality 心理现实性[陈100]public texts 公共文书[陶]purpose adverb 目的副词[吕251]push down 压进[陈204]Qquantification 数量化[吕251]quantifier 数量词[吕251]``\n``quantum 语义量[廖405]quasi-negative 准否定词[陈219]quasi-relation 准关系[廖407]quasi-superordinate 准上义词[廖407]Quecha 哥查语[陶]questionnaire 问卷[陶]quotation 引话[廖359]quotative 引用[廖421]Rrace 种族[陶]raising rule 提升规则[吕251]raising-to-object 提升为宾语[吕252]raising-to-subject 提升为主语[吕252]rank 级别[廖319]rank-shifting 调级[吕252]rank-terms 等级词[廖411]reactive expression 起应对作用的惯用表达式[陶]reactive token 反馈形式,反应词语[陶]real 真[廖427]real time 真实时间[陶]Received Pronunciation (RP) (英语的)标准发音[陶]recessive 隐性[陈115]reciprocal construction 相互结构[吕252]recover 找回[廖 ]recursive 递归[陈196]recycle 话题重提[陶]reduced main clauses 弱化了的主句[廖85]reductionist 简化式[陈112]reference 指称[廖395]reference discourse 事实体[廖124]referent 所指对象[陈22 120 182]referential 有所指[廖40][陈119 168]referential identity 指同[廖451]referential opacity 所指不明确性[廖359]``\n``referential tracking 指示追踪[廖237]referring expression 指示表达法[吕252]reflexive 反身[吕252]regional official language 区域性官方语言[陶]register 语域,行话[陶]regulative information 调节信息[陶]regulative principle 管制原则[廖373]regularity 规律/规律性[廖394][陈64 182]relational grammar 关系语法[廖316 322]relational hierarchy 关系等级[廖344]relative clauses 关系子句[廖342] 关系小句[吕252]relativize 关系子句化[廖343]relevant 相关[陶]repertoire 交际语库[陶]repetition 重复式[陶]report 报导[廖421]reporting 报道框架[陶]representation 表达[廖401]representation function 表意功能[廖313]resolution 支配[陈42]restricted code 有限语码[陶]restrictive relative clause 限制性关系小句[吕252]resumptive openner 承上启下式[陶]reversal 倒转[陶]reversive 反向关系[廖412]reversives 反向词[廖413]rheme 未知的,陈述[廖357] 述位[陈56 78]rhetoric 修辞[廖357]rhythm 节律[陈78]rituel 礼仪性[陈106]rule 规则[陈64 182]rule-governed 受规则支配[吕252]rule government 规则支配[吕252]rule of rapport 和睦原则[陶]rule ordering 规则编次[吕252]ruling language 统治语言[陶]``\n``Ssaliency 显著度,显著性[廖218 328]sample 样本[陶]Sapir-Whorf Hypothysis 萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说[陶]satisfactive 满足关系[廖412]scalar 层第现象[陶]scenario 架构[廖400] 脚本[陈95]scene 情景[陈82]schema 纲要[廖400 436] 语式[陈84]schematic organization 语式组织[陈74]schematic representation 概括表象[廖435]schools of linguistics 语言学的流派[廖305]scope 管界[廖451]script 计划蓝本,剧本,情节[廖376 400 438] 脚本[陈82] 知识框架,知识脚本[陶]second pair part 下联[陶]secondary tense 次级时制[陈173]selectional restriction 选择性限制[廖408]self-contained 自足[陶]self-embedding 自身嵌入[吕252]semantic categories 语义类[吕252]semantic coherence 语义连贯[廖236]semantic component 语义成分[廖417]semantic constant 语义常量[吕252]semantic constituent 语义成分[廖404]semantic constraints 语义约束[吕252]semantic evidence 语义验证[吕252]semantic feature 语义要素[廖417]semantic function 语义功能[吕252]semantic interpretation 语义解释[吕253]semantic memory 语义记忆[廖376]semantic repressentation 语义表达式[廖365] 语义示意[吕252]semantic roles 语义角色[廖332]semantic structure 语义结构[吕253]semantic trait 语义特征[廖404]``\n``semi-linguals 半语讲话人[陶]semi-meronym 半部件词[廖407]sense 字义,用义,义素[廖47 357 365 376 405]sense-spectrum 义素连续体[廖406]sentence 句子[廖236 420][陈63][吕253]sentence pattern 句型[吕253]sentence type 句类[吕253]sentential adverb 全句副词[吕253]sentential code-switching 句间转换[陶]sentential complement 句形补语[吕253]separational function 分离功能[吕253]sequence 话串[廖188 420]sequence of words 词语序列[吕253]serial order 序列[吕253]serialization 序列化[吕253]setting and scene 环境和场合[陶]shallow structure 浅层结构[吕253]shift 移位[吕253]show involvement with others 融洽[陶]signals grammar 信号语法[吕253]silence 冷场[陶]simple 简单时[陈173]simple future 简单将来时[陈174]simple past 简单过去时[陈174]simple present 简单现在时[陈174]simplechange 单变[陈163]simplicity 简明性[廖316]situation 情景[陶]situation type 情状类型[陈145]situational 具体语境的[廖399]situational switching 情景性转换[陶]situationality 场合性[廖373]slot-holder 填空成分[吕253]smooth 顺畅[陶]social fact 社会存在/实体[廖307]social interactional activities 社会交流性活动[陶]``\n``social order 社会秩序[陶]social variable 社会变项[陶]sociohistorical 社会历史式的[陶]sociolinguistics 社会语言学的[廖235]socialization 社会化的过程[陶]sociolects 社会方言[陶]sociolinguistics 社会语言学[陶]sociological 社会学的[廖235]sociology of language 语言社会学[陶]sociophysical 社会物质[廖423]socio-pragmatics 社会语用学[廖366]solidarity 共聚量[陶]spatial reference point 空间参考点[廖451]speaking on a topic 讲话合题[廖396]specific 特指[廖40] 实指[陈119] 特定性[陈40]speech accomodation theory, SAT言语适应理论[陶]speech activity 言语事件[陶] speech acts 言语行为,言语活动[陶]speech community 语言集团,言语共同体,语言社团[陶]speech-act verb 言行动词[廖363]split ergativity 作格二分[廖197]sprachbund 语言联合体[廖349]sprachgef hl 我的语感[陈26]staging 信息编排[廖397]standard 标准话[陶] state 状态[陈147 154]static 静态[陈152]static product 静态的成品[陈64]statistical universals 统计共性[廖352]stative 状态[吕253]status planning 地位规划[陶]stereotype 成见项[陶]strategies of communication 通讯策略[吕253]stratificational grammar 层次语法[廖316 322]stratificational sampling 层次的抽样方法[陶]strict implication 严格的蕴含[廖352]``\n``string of word 词语序列[吕253]string theory 语符列理论[陈45]structuralists 结构学派[廖322]structure change 结构变换[吕253]structure index 结构引得[吕253]structured 有形式结构的[陶]Stuarts 苏格兰的斯图亚特王朝[陶]style-shifting 语体转换[陶]stylistic aspect of rules 规则的风格侧面[吕253]subculture 亚文化[陶]subject 主语[廖338]subject-dominant 主语为主[廖353]subjecthood 主语身分[廖333]subjunctive 虚拟[吕254]subordinate 下位[陈103]subordinate clause 从属小句[吕254]subselection model 次选择模式[陈41]substantive universals 实质共性[廖327]substance of sentence 句子的实质[吕254]substitute form 替代形式[吕254]substitution 词语替代[廖202]substitution rules 替代规则[吕254]successive 连续的[陶]super-converse 上逆反词[廖407]superior 至高等[陶]superordinate 上位[陈103]surface cohesive ties 形式的连贯手段[廖236]surface diagram 表层图解[吕254]surface realization 表层实现[廖235]surface representation 表层示意[吕254]surface structure 表层结构[吕254]sympathy maxim 同情的准则[廖369]synchronic 共时的[陶]synonymy 义似关系[廖415 417] 同义现象[吕254]synonyms 义似词[廖415]syntactic category 句法类[吕254]``\n``syntactic feature 句法特征[吕254]syntactic process 句法过程[廖316]syntactic relations 句法关系[廖332]syntactic universals 句法共性[廖314]syntagmatic system 组合系统[廖307]syntax 句法[廖236]syntax is autonomous 句法自主[陈19]systematic phonetics 系统语音[廖317]systemic-functional grammar 系统-功能语法[陈77]systemic grammar 系统语法[廖319][陈56]Ttaboo 塔布[陶]tacit knowledge 默认[吕254]tact 得体[廖361]tact maxim 得体准则[廖357 363]tactic pattern 组合系统[廖316]tactical function 组织功能[吕254]tag code-switching 附加语转换[陶]tag question 尾加问句[吕254]Tagalog 他伽禄语[陶]tagmemics 语位学派[廖310]target language 目的语[陶]task 任务[陶]taxomomists 分类学派[陈11 35]taxonomy 分类结构[廖409]taxonyms 下层分类词[廖409]teleological 目的性[陈117]telic 完成[陈152]temporal adverb 时间副词[吕255]temporal reference point 时间参考点[廖451]tendencies 倾向性[廖328]tenor 主旨[陈79] 对象[陶]tense 动时[廖425 431] 时制[陈143]tenseless 超时[吕255]``\n``text 篇章[廖379 399][陈67]text-base 篇章库[陈88]textlinguistics 篇章语言学[廖202]text-sentence 篇章中的句子[廖394]textual 上文语境的[廖399] 篇章的[陈78]textual function 篇章功能[廖364]textuality 篇章性[廖375]textual rhetoric 篇章修辞[廖358 368]textual world 篇章世界[廖373]texture 篇章性[廖399]The New Yorker《纽约人》[陶]the observer's paradox 观察者的矛盾[陶]thematic structure 主题结构[廖397] 主述结构[陈66 78]thematization 线性排列[廖397]theme 已知的,主题[廖312,397] 主位[陈56 78]theoretical linguistics 理论语言学[廖274]theoretical prerequisites 理论务虚[廖332]theories of linguistics 语言理论[廖274]theory of language 语言理论[廖274]therapeutic theory 疗伤理论[廖313]token 实例[陈64 75]tolerated 容忍的[陶]topic 话题[廖236 333 396][陈187]topicalize 话题化[廖340]topic chain 话题链[廖21][陈205]topic continuity 话题连续性[廖237][陈22]topic-dominant language 话题为主的语言[廖340]topic framework 话题框架[廖396]topic-worthiness 话题值得度[廖348]topicalization 提作话题[吕255]tone group 声调群[廖398][陈78]tone unit 语调单位[陈80]tonic accent 语调重音[陈78]tonic segment 调段部分[陈78]tonic syllable 语调音节[陈80]tour 旅游式,位置移动式[廖161]``\n``trace 语迹[陈17]tracer element 示踪成分[吕255]trajector 动体[廖440]transaction 转换,交换行为[廖236 364]transactional 交易的[廖394]transformational grammar 转换语法[吕255]transformational rule 转换规则[吕255]transition network 转移网络[廖397][陈64]transitional adverb 过渡副词[吕255]transactional interaction办事交际[陶]transitive 及物[吕255]transparency maxim 明显准则[廖370]treatment 治理方法[陶]tree-diagram 树形图解[吕255]tree-pruning 剪枝[吕255]Tudors 都铎王朝(1845-1603)[陶]turn 话轮[廖236]turn taking 话轮转移[陶]turn transition-relevance place 可能的话轮转移点[陶]two-dimensional 二向/二维type 类别义[廖406] 类型[陈64 75]typographical studies 类型学研究[陈27]typological evidence 类型验证[吕255]typological linguistics 类型语言学[廖349]typological method 类型方法[廖350]typological verification 类型学验证[陈116]Uunacceptable 不被认可[吕255]unbounded rules 无界限规则[吕255]underlying phonological representation 语音基层结构[廖317]underlying terminal string 底层终端语符列[陈52]understandardized alphabetized 书写标准不健全[陶]unexpected 意外的[廖404]Uniformitarianism , Uniformitarian Principle 均变说,相似性原则[陶]``\n``ungrammatical 不合语法[吕255]unit 单元义[廖406]universals 普遍性[陶]Universal Grammar 普遍语法[陈13]universal(s) of language 语言共性[廖329]universal phonetic alphabet 共通的语音字母[廖317]universal syntactic theory 通用句法理论[廖342]universals 通则[吕255]universals of politeness 普遍礼貌原则[陶]unmarked 无标记的,自然的[廖161 323]unreal 非真[廖427]unrestricted universals 无限制共性[廖352]unused 未使用的[廖399]Urdu 乌尔都(1947年以前称作 Hindustani 或 Khari oli)[陶]USA Today 《今日美国》[陶]utterance 语句[廖420] 话[陈63]Vvalency change 价变[廖345]valency of the predicate 谓语的支配成分[廖332]valent 价[廖17]variable 变项[陈87]variable rule 变项规则[陶]variable rule analysis 变项规则分析法[陶]variants 变体[廖237]variation 变异(形式)[陈105]varieties according to use 使用的变体[陶]variety 变体[陶]verbal valents 动词支配成分[廖541]verbalization 动词化[吕256]verb-final 动词居尾[吕256]verb-initial 动词居首[吕256]verb-medial 动词居中[吕256]verb order 动词次序[吕256]verb phrase 动词短语[吕256]``\n``violate 违反[吕256]virtual 可能[廖374]vocative 招呼词语[陈78]volitives 愿望[廖423]Wwave theory 波浪理论[廖307] 波形理论[陈5]weaker 较弱的[廖61]well-defined 完美定义[陈48]well-formed 完美形式[陈48]well-formedness 合格性[廖373] 完美形式[吕256]Western Apache西阿巴其人[陶]where the argument is coming from 论题从哪里来[陶]where the argument is going 论题往哪里去[陶]Whorfian hypothesis 沃尔夫假设[廖322]word and paradigm 词和词形表[陈41]word order 词序[廖334]world view 人对世界的认识[廖311]written language 书面语[陈96]Z·zero anaphora 零指代[廖26 60] 零形回指[陈181]zeugma 配对不当[廖416]``