英语语言学试题库 16页

其语语f学I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully,DecidewhichofthefourchoicescompletesthestatementandputtheletterA，B，CorDinthebrackets.1.Thereare()mainareasofphoneticstudy.A.2B.3C.4D.5ANSWER:B2.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeANSWER:B3.Foreignlanguagelearningalwayscontain()AlanguagehistoricalprocesslearningB.inputandlanguagelearningCinterlanguageinlanguagelearningD.grammarandlanguagelearningANSWER:BCD4.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage，sex，socialgroup，andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname，titledlastname，()andkinterm.\nANSWER:C2.Featuresofthelanguageinfictionsare:()AstressandmetricalpatterningBspeechandthoughtpresentationCprosestyleDanalysisofthetextANSWER:BC6.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?ALanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationBLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsCChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageDHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuseANSWER:A7.Wordscanbeidentifiedintermsof()AaminimumfreeformBstabilityCrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornot\n8.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?(\nCcreativityANSWER:DDreplacement9.Approacherstosyntaxcanbe:()AthetraditionalapproachBthestructuralapproachCthefunctionalapproachDthegenerativeapproachANSWER:ABCD10.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.AphonemeBwordCphraseDsentenceANSWER:D11.Lexicalchangecannotbearesultof()AphonologicalchangeBsemanticchangeCanalogicalchangeDorthographicchangeANSWER:C12.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled()AboundmorphemesBrootsCfreemorphemesDaffixes\n10.()isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.APsycholinguisticsBSociolinguisticsCLinguisticsDSemanticsANSWER:A11.Whichbelongstothemainbranchesoflinguistics?()AphoneticsBmetalingyCmorphologyDsyntaxANSWER:ACD12.Whichdoesn’tbelongtothemainbranchesoflinguistics?(AphoneticsBmorphologyCmetalingyDsyntaxANSWER:C13.VoicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationofCtheglottisDtheuvulaBthecommonfactorunderlyingasetofformsDagrammaticalunitAthevelumBthevocalcordsANSWER:B17.Senseof“word”contains:(AaphysicallydefinableunitCanessentialformerofsentencesANSWER:ABD18.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownasareexpectedin,say，achurchsermon,a\ndiplomaticencounter，afamilydinner，orasportsbroadcast.AregistersBstylesCdialectsDaccentsANSWER:A18.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?(BdualityAarbitrarinessCcreativityDreplacementANSWER:D2O.Westudypsycholinguisticsbecause()AtoknowaboutpsychologicalrealityoflinguisticstructuresBtohelptheaphasicsCtoproducefindingswhichleadtothemodificationoftheoreticalideasDtomakeitanewtoolforstudyingpsychologyANSWER:ACII.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebrackets(2%x10=20%).l.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy，antonymyor\n2.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses^)ANSWER:T3.Phoneisaphonologicalunit.()ANSWER:F4.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish，MiddleEnglish，andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary^)ANSWER:F5.ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.()ANSWER:F6.FatherofmodernlinguisticsisSwissEdeSaussure.()ANSWER:F7.1nthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform/)ANSWER:F8-Thereismerelylittledifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()ANSWER:F9.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.()ANSWER:T10.Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()ANSWER:F11.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however，parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write>()\nANSWER:T12.Therearesomerelationsbetweenlanguageandculture，languageandsociety，buttheyarenotdeservedtospendalotoftimestudying.()ANSWER:F13.Languageacquisitionisahotresearchtopictoday，andsocial，cultural，personalfactorsarealsoobservedtobeaffecting.()ANSWER:T14.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.()ANSWER:F15.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy，antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T16.Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.()ANSWER:F17.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.(ANSWER:T18.Synchronicdescribeslanguagebyanalyzingitsdevelopmentthroughdifferentperiodoftime，whilediachronicdescribesphenomenonoflanguageofacertainperiod^)ANSWER:F19.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem，however，parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()\nANSWER:T19.Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.()ANSWER:FIILDirections:Explainthefollowingterms(3%x5=15%).1•displacementANSWER:Displacement，asoneofthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage，referstothefactthatonecantalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresent,aseasilyashedoesthingspresently.2.culturaltransmissionANSWER:Itmeansthatlanguageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration，butthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.3.categoryANSWER:Category,insomeapproachesreferstoclassesandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,morespecifically，itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofgeneralunits.4.arbitrarinessANSWER:Onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.\n2.Vowl:ANSWER:Aresoundsegmentsproducedwithoutsuchobstruction,sonoturbulenceofatotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.3.lexicon:ANSWER:Alistofallthewordsinalanguageassignedtovariouslexicalcategoriesandprovidedwithsemanticinterpretation.4.linguisticsANSWER:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itstudiesnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety，butthelanguageofallhumanbeings.5.wordANSWER:Wordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.\nIVeBrieflyanswerthefollowingquestions1.Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguageANSWER:①arbitrariness②duality③creativity④displacement2.Whydolinguistssaylanguageishumanspecific?ANSWER:Firstofall，humanlanguagehassix“designfeatures”whichanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothave，atleastnotinthetruesenseofthem.Secondly，linguistshavedonealottryingtoteachanimalssuchaschimpanzeestospeakahumanlanguagebuthaveachievednothinginspiring.Thirdly，ahumanchildrearedamonganimalscannotspeakahumanlanguage,notevenwhenheistakenbackandtaughttolotoso.3.Whatdoesphonologystudy?Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?ANSWER:Phonologystudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.PhoneticsisthestudyofsoundsthatthehumanvoiceiscapableofcreatingwhereasPhonologyisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguageandmeaning.Thefirstfocusesonchaoswhilethesecondfocusesonorder.\n1.Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.ANSWER:①Informativefunction②Interpersonalfunction©Performativefunction④Metalingualfunction⑤Phaticcommunionfunction⑥Recreationalfunction⑦EmotivefunctionV.Translationl.Inlinguistics，itreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage，orsimply,thestudyoftheformationofsentences.ANSWER:在语言学上，它是指在一种语言中，对指导文字组合进而形成句子规则的研宂，或简言之，是对句子构成的研宄.2.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.ANSWER:计算机是一种电子机器，它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据，并可以在非常短的时间P、j完成复杂的任务。3.Speechsoundshadexistedlongbeforewritingwasinvented,andeventoday,insomepartsoftheworld，therearestilllanguagesthathavenowritingsystems.ANSWER:语音在书而写作发明以前便早己存在了，即使到了今天，世界上一些地方，仍然还只\n是存在语言而没有书写系统。4.Thefactthatovertheyearsnumerousdictionarieshavebeenproducedwithaviewtoexplainingthemeaningofwordsalsobearswitnesstoitslongtradition.ANSWER:多年以來，无数的词典多次提出以期解释“word”含义的事实，也见证了其悠久的历史.1.Languageisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividualbyoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.ANSWER:语言是人类智S的产物，通过运作被每个个体重新建构，而这种运作是远非意志或意识所及的.6.1tishardtodefine“word”inthescientificsense.Nevertheless,itisagreedthatthreesensesareinvolvedindefining“word”，noneofwhich，ofcourse，issatisfactorytocopewithallthesituation.ANSWER:很难从科学意义上定义“单词”，不过，在定义“单词”时，人们普遍认同有三个含义应包含其中——当然，它们中任何一个都不能单独令人满意地应对所有怡况。\n7.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人类早就认识到，语言是某种特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以对某种特定语言的文化冲击是内在的，不可避免的。S.Meaninghasalwaysbeenacentraltopicinhumanscholarship，thoughtheterm“semantics”hasonlyahistoryofalittleoverahundredyears.ANSWER:“语义”一直是人类学问的核心议题，尽管”语义学”仅有一丙年左右的历史.9.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.ANSWER:计算机是一种电子机器，它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据，并可以在非常短的时间P、j完成复杂的任务。10.lthaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人类早就认识到，语言是某种特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以对某种特定语言\n的文化冲击是内在的，不可避免的。VI.Answerandanalyse1、Whatmakeslinguisticsascience?ANSWER：Sincelinguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itoughttobaseitselfuponthesystematic，investigationoflanguagedatawhichaimsatdiscoveringthetruenatureoflanguageanditsunderlyingsystem.Tomakesenseofthedata,alinguistusuallyhasconceivedsomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure，tobecheckedagainsttheobservedorobservablefacts.Inordertomakehisanalysisscientific，alinguistisusuallyguidedbyfourprinciples:exhaustiveness，consistency，andobjectivity.Exhaustivenessmeansheshouldgatherallthematerialsrelevanttothestudyandgivethemanadequateexplanation，inspiteofthecomplicatedness.Heistoleavenolinguistic“stone”unturned;Consistencymeansthereshouldbenocontradictionbetweendifferentpartsofthetotalstatement;Economymeansalinguistshouldpursuebrevityintheanalysiswhenitispossible;Objectivityimpliesthatsincesomepeoplemaybesubjectiveinthestudy，alinguistshouldbe(orsoundatleast)objective,matter-of-face,faithfultoreality,sothathisworkconstitutespartofthelinguisticsresearch.2、Describetheprocessoflanguageperception，comprehensionandproduction.ANSWER:Languageperceptionislanguageawarenessofthingsthroughthephysicalsenses，languagecomprehensionisoneofthethreestrandofpsycholinguisticresearch,whichstudiestheunderstandingoflanguage,languageproductionisagoal-directedactivity，inthesensethatpeoplespeakandwriteinordertomakefriends，influence\npeople，conveyinformationandsoon.Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.Whenwespeak，wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca'sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit，thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke'sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage，amessageissenttotheangulargyrus，whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.