英语语言学试题库 16页

英语语言学Ⅰ.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully，DecidewhichofthefourchoicescompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.1.Thereare()mainareasofphoneticstudy.A.2B.3C.4D.5ANSWER:B2.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeANSWER:B3.Foreignlanguagelearningalwayscontain()AlanguagehistoricalprocesslearningB.inputandlanguagelearningCinterlanguageinlanguagelearningD.grammarandlanguagelearningANSWER:BCD4.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,()andkinterm.Atitle+firstnameBtitle+title16\nCtitlealoneDfirstname+lastname+titleANSWER:C5.Featuresofthelanguageinfictionsare:()AstressandmetricalpatterningBspeechandthoughtpresentationCprosestyleDanalysisofthetextANSWER:BC6.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?()ALanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationBLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsCChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageDHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuseANSWER:A7.Wordscanbeidentifiedintermsof()AaminimumfreeformBstabilityCrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornotANSWER:ABC8.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?()16\nAarbitrarinessBdualityCcreativityDreplacementANSWER:D9.Approacherstosyntaxcanbe:()AthetraditionalapproachBthestructuralapproachCthefunctionalapproachDthegenerativeapproachANSWER:ABCD10.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.AphonemeBwordCphraseDsentenceANSWER:D11.Lexicalchangecannotbearesultof()AphonologicalchangeBsemanticchangeCanalogicalchangeDorthographicchangeANSWER:C12.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled()AboundmorphemesBrootsCfreemorphemesDaffixesANSWER:B16\n13.()isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.APsycholinguisticsBSociolinguisticsCLinguisticsDSemanticsANSWER:A14.Whichbelongstothemainbranchesoflinguistics?()AphoneticsBmetalingyCmorphologyDsyntaxANSWER:ACD15.Whichdoesn’tbelongtothemainbranchesoflinguistics?()AphoneticsBmorphologyCmetalingyDsyntaxANSWER:C16.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof()AthevelumBthevocalcordsCtheglottisDtheuvulaANSWER:B17.Senseof“word”contains:()AaphysicallydefinableunitBthecommonfactorunderlyingasetofformsCanessentialformerofsentencesDagrammaticalunitANSWER:ABD18.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownasareexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,16\nadiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.AregistersBstylesCdialectsDaccentsANSWER:A19.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?()AarbitrarinessBdualityCcreativityDreplacementANSWER:D20.Westudypsycholinguisticsbecause()AtoknowaboutpsychologicalrealityoflinguisticstructuresBtohelptheaphasicsCtoproducefindingswhichleadtothemodificationoftheoreticalideasDtomakeitanewtoolforstudyingpsychologyANSWER:ACⅡ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebrackets(2%×10=20%).1.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T16\n2.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()ANSWER:T3.Phoneisaphonologicalunit.()ANSWER:F4.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.()ANSWER:F5.ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.()ANSWER:F6.FatherofmodernlinguisticsisSwissF.deSaussure.()ANSWER:F7.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.()ANSWER:F8.Thereismerelylittledifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()ANSWER:F9.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.()ANSWER:T10.Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()ANSWER:F11.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcome16\norwhatweactuallyutter/write.()ANSWER:T12.Therearesomerelationsbetweenlanguageandculture,languageandsociety,buttheyarenotdeservedtospendalotoftimestudying.()ANSWER:F13.Languageacquisitionisahotresearchtopictoday,andsocial,cultural,personalfactorsarealsoobservedtobeaffecting.()ANSWER:T14.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.()ANSWER:F15.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T16.Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.()ANSWER:F17.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()ANSWER:T18.Synchronicdescribeslanguagebyanalyzingitsdevelopmentthroughdifferentperiodoftime,whilediachronicdescribesphenomenonoflanguageofacertainperiod.()ANSWER:F16\n19.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()ANSWER:T20.Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.()ANSWER:FⅢ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms(3%×5=15%).1.displacementANSWER:Displacement，asoneofthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage，referstothefactthatonecantalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresent，aseasilyashedoesthingspresently.2.culturaltransmissionANSWER:Itmeansthatlanguageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration，butthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.3.categoryANSWER:Category,insomeapproachesreferstoclassesandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofgeneralunits.16\n4.arbitrarinessANSWER:Onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.5.Vowl:ANSWER:Aresoundsegmentsproducedwithoutsuchobstruction,sonoturbulenceofatotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.6.lexicon:ANSWER:Alistofallthewordsinalanguageassignedtovariouslexicalcategoriesandprovidedwithsemanticinterpretation.7.linguisticsANSWER:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itstudiesnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety，butthelanguageofallhumanbeings.8.word16\nANSWER:Wordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.Ⅳ.Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions1.Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguageANSWER:①arbitrariness②duality③creativity④displacement2.Whydolinguistssaylanguageishumanspecific?ANSWER:Firstofall，humanlanguagehassix“designfeatures”whichanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothave，atleastnotinthetruesenseofthem.Secondly，linguistshavedonealottryingtoteachanimalssuchaschimpanzeestospeakahumanlanguagebuthaveachievednothinginspiring.Thirdly，ahumanchildrearedamonganimalscannotspeakahumanlanguage，notevenwhenheistakenbackandtaughttolotoso.3.Whatdoesphonologystudy？Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology？ANSWER:Phonologystudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,and16\nsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.PhoneticsisthestudyofsoundsthatthehumanvoiceiscapableofcreatingwhereasPhonologyisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguageandmeaning.Thefirstfocusesonchaoswhilethesecondfocusesonorder.4.Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.ANSWER:①Informativefunction②Interpersonalfunction③Performativefunction④Metalingualfunction⑤Phaticcommunionfunction⑥Recreationalfunction⑦EmotivefunctionⅤ.Translation1.Inlinguistics,itreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationofsentences.ANSWER:在语言学上,它是指在一种语言中,对指导文字组合进而形成句子规则的研究,或简言之,是对句子构成的研究.2.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.16\nANSWER:计算机是一种电子机器，它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据，并可以在非常短的时间内完成复杂的任务。3.Speechsoundshadexistedlongbeforewritingwasinvented,andeventoday,insomepartsoftheworld,therearestilllanguagesthathavenowritingsystems.ANSWER:语音在书面写作发明以前便早已存在了，即使到了今天，世界上一些地方，仍然还只是存在语言而没有书写系统。4.Thefactthatovertheyearsnumerousdictionarieshavebeenproducedwithaviewtoexplainingthemeaningofwordsalsobearswitnesstoitslongtradition.ANSWER:多年以来,无数的词典多次提出以期解释“word”含义的事实,也见证了其悠久的历史.5.Languageisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividualbyoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.ANSWER:语言是人类智慧的产物,通过运作被每个个体重新建构,而这种运作是远非意志或意识所及的.16\n6.Itishardtodefine“word”inthescientificsense.Nevertheless,itisagreedthatthreesensesareinvolvedindefining“word”,noneofwhich,ofcourse,issatisfactorytocopewithallthesituation.ANSWER:很难从科学意义上定义“单词”，不过，在定义“单词”时，人们普遍认同有三个含义应包含其中——当然，它们中任何一个都不能单独令人满意地应对所有情况。7.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人类早就认识到，语言是某种特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以对某种特定语言的文化冲击是内在的，不可避免的。8.Meaninghasalwaysbeenacentraltopicinhumanscholarship,thoughtheterm“semantics”hasonlyahistoryofalittleoverahundredyears.ANSWER:“语义”一直是人类学问的核心议题,尽管”语义学”仅有一百年左右的历史.16\n9.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.ANSWER:计算机是一种电子机器，它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据，并可以在非常短的时间内完成复杂的任务。10.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人类早就认识到，语言是某种特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以对某种特定语言的文化冲击是内在的，不可避免的。Ⅵ.Answerandanalyse1、Whatmakeslinguisticsascience？ANSWER:Sincelinguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage，itoughttobaseitselfuponthesystematic，investigationoflanguagedatawhichaimsatdiscoveringthetruenatureoflanguageanditsunderlyingsystem.Tomakesenseofthedata，alinguistusuallyhasconceivedsomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure，tobecheckedagainsttheobservedorobservablefacts.Inordertomakehisanalysisscientific,alinguistisusually16\nguidedbyfourprinciples:exhaustiveness，consistency，andobjectivity.Exhaustivenessmeansheshouldgatherallthematerialsrelevanttothestudyandgivethemanadequateexplanation，inspiteofthecomplicatedness.Heistoleavenolinguistic“stone”unturned;Consistencymeansthereshouldbenocontradictionbetweendifferentpartsofthetotalstatement;Economymeansalinguistshouldpursuebrevityintheanalysiswhenitispossible;Objectivityimpliesthatsincesomepeoplemaybesubjectiveinthestudy，alinguistshouldbe（orsoundatleast）objective，matter-of-face，faithfultoreality，sothathisworkconstitutespartofthelinguisticsresearch.2、Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.ANSWER:Languageperceptionislanguageawarenessofthingsthroughthephysicalsenses，languagecomprehensionisoneofthethreestrandofpsycholinguisticresearch,whichstudiestheunderstandingoflanguage,languageproductionisagoal-directedactivity,inthesensethatpeoplespeakandwriteinordertomakefriends,influencepeople，conveyinformationandsoon.Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke'sareaandtransferredtoBroca'sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysically16\narticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke'sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.16