索绪尔普通语言学教程单词 6页

绪论第一章ABriefSurveyofHistoryofLinguisticsinstitute建立，实行prescriptive规范性的Alexandria亚历山大Philology语文学inaugurate倡导scientific学术上的literary文学的institution制度criticism考订insofar只有/在…范围内/达到…程度decipher解密archaic古代的problematic难懂的couchv.表达、措辞slavishly如奴隶般的subservient有帮助的/奉承的antiquity古代文物affinity亲属关系furnish提供elucidation说明，解释Sanskrit梵语broader广阔的sounder牢固的Paradigm范例/词性变化（表）Latin拉丁语hypothesis假定Vowel元音Proto-Indo-European印欧语faithful如实的havoc杂乱，浩劫bychance偶然，意外Germanic日耳曼语etymological词源学comparativemythology比较神话学school学派principle原理mutual互相的，共有的codification法典编纂systematization系统阐述volume著作insteadof然而warrantn.授权/搜查证/理由/委任书/证明vt.批准/成为…的根据/向…论证/[口]断言elude困惑/躲避exclusive高级的/排外的/独有的validate使生效/承认/验证Bizarre异乎寻常的permissible可容许的methodological方法论的Initialstage初期magnify放大attest证明Restrict限制，约束Junggrammatiker新语法学派inadequacy不足\n第二章语言的材料和任务；它和毗邻科学的关系DataandAimsofLinguistics:ConnexionswithRelatedSciencesearlyperiods早期classicalperiods中古elegant优美的aim任务parentlanguage母语incorporate归入，划分unravel阐明/解决/破坏unilateral单方面的essence本质phonic声音的/语音学的，语音的/有声的sign符号nature本质language言语foster孕育denounce揭破eradicate消除第三章语言学的对象TheObjectofStudyObject对象prior优先的superior较高的Perceive察觉，理解articulated连接的syllable音节/划分音节Auditoryimpression音响形象vocalorgans发音器官Phonetic语音的duality二重性reducible可减少的Articulatory发音physiologically生理psychologically心理Evolution演变institution制度product产物Ontogenesis个体发生illusory虚假的，幻觉的simultaneously同时的Muddle混在一起的prescriptive规范的manifestation表明，显示Languagefaculty语言机能astride跨classification分类Humanphenomena人文事实discernible可识别的whole统一体Substitute代替visualimage虚拟形象aphasia失语症Lesion损害localization区域化absurdity荒谬\nLinguisticstructure语言identification识别sensation感觉Executive执行receptive接受passive被动的Association联合配置crystallization结晶化Reproduce复制collectivity集体speech言语Envisage设想socialbond社会纽带ancillary补充的，从属的Apprenticeship见习期separate分开heterogeneous异质的Homogeneous同质的amenable有责任的，经得起考验的Abstractions抽象概念tangible有形的，明确的，实际的Writing文字fix固定utterance发音Represent描绘visualimage视觉形象constant固定的Repository宝库，贮藏处semiology符号学thedeaf-and-dumb聋哑人Symbolicrites象征仪式hitherto现在stifle窒息，扼杀，掩盖Nomenclature分类命名集第四章语言的语言学和言语的语言学LinguisticsoflanguagestructureandlinguisticsMapout确定…地位symphony交响乐assistance帮助Suffice足够，满足subsidiary次要的presuppose前提Precedence在前interdependence互相依赖absolute妨碍Deliberate谨慎的，故意的interference阻碍，干涉comprise包括Ephemeral暂时的impossible不可能clarify阐明Blur抹杀第五章语言的内部要素和外部要素Internalandexternalelementsofalanguage\nEthnology民族学civilization文明intermingle混杂在一起Reminiscent怀旧的、提醒的correspondence对应关系conquest征服Incalculable数不清的，不可预料的colonization殖民Danish丹麦语。丹麦人Denmark丹麦Norwegians挪威人Switzerland瑞士coexistence并存unification统一Literary文学intimately紧密的salon沙龙Reciprocal相互的geographicalextension地理上扩展Fragmentationintodialects方言分裂Realia实物知识Constantly不断地borrowings借词provenance来源Organic有机的remote偏远的valleys山村Abnormality异常，畸形artificial人工的，假的Zend禅德语OldSlavonic古斯拉夫语undergo经受demonstration证据Enumeration列举，细目Persia波斯ivory象牙第六章文字表现和语言RepresentationofalanguagebywritingIntrude侵入，打扰compile汇编，收集taint污染，腐蚀Retard阻止，推迟ascendancy凌驾stability稳定Undermine侵蚀usurp侵占，盗用misconception错觉Lithuanian立陶宛语successor继承者artificial虚拟的Unwarranted不该有的reverse颠倒victory胜利Orthography书写，拼写ideographicsystem表意体系phoneticsystem表音体系Irreducible不能再缩减的objectionable令人厌烦的prototype原型Harmony和谐inthecase由此可见repercussion影响，反冲\nConstituent由…构成etymological词源上的preoccupation偏见Obscure遮掩，模糊aspiration送气音exhaustive花费时间的Vowel元音indicate指出aberration过失Monosyllabicword一个音节consonants复辅音complication情况Fluctuating举棋不定phonetic音位的chronological按时间顺序记载Garment衣服disguise假扮，掩饰grammarian语法学家Pronounce念pronunciation念法compound混合的，合成的Contravene违反，否认initial开头的aspirate送气的Ghost虚构东西liaison连音elision元音省略Etymological词源derivation派生transcription转写Vacuous枉费的defensible可防御的，可拥护的tranny晶体straightforward肯定的，简单的，正直的genuine真的，由衷的monstrosity怪物，畸形，丑恶distortion畸形第七章音位学PhysiologicalphoneticsPhysiologicalphonetics音位学amorphous没有形状的corkfloat救生圈Vague模糊地thephysiologyofarticulatedsound发音生理学weightPitfall陷阱auxiliary辅助的phonetics语音学Inappropriate不合适的mechanism机构incompatible不相容的Stress强调，重读音，使紧张nonetheless但是tapestry挂毯Strand搁浅，使处于困境outline梗概transcription音位学文字Begivendueweight被考虑abdicativesounds外破音adductivesounds内破音Diacritic能区分的，区别发音符号counterbalance使平衡，明显的，出色的\nEvidence证据conclusion结论contemporary同代的Hypotheses假设rigour严谨regularity有规则的Eliminate消除departure离开，背离，偏差diphthong复合元音Palatalconsonant腭音dentalconsonant齿音poetictext诗歌Versification诗体alliteration头韵assonance半韵Rhyme脚韵pun双关语parody改编诗Gothic峨特语revolutionary革命的tribunal法庭Revision改造