全英文介绍中国哲学 15页

  • 7.01 MB
  • 2022-08-25 发布

全英文介绍中国哲学

  • 15页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
  4. 网站客服QQ:403074932
ChinesePhilosophy\nChinesephilosophyisthecollectivedesignationforthevariousschoolsofthought.ItdevelopedindependentofEuropeanandothercivilizedcountries,withitsowndistinguishingfeatures,uniqueconceptsystemsandexperienceways.Chinesephilosophyhasbecomeoneofthethreephilosophysystemsintheworld,theothertwobeingWesternphilosophyandIndianphilosophy.\nChinesephilosophyhasdevelopedoverseveralthousandofyears.ItsorigincanbetracedbacktotheXia,Shang,andZhoudynasties.ItbegintotakedefiniteshapesduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodandenjoyedthrivingdevelopmentbecauseoftheemergenceofthe“ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend”duringtheWarringStatesPeriod.\nThreeAspectsofChinesePhilosophyTheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophyTheBasicFeaturesofAncientChinesePhilosophyCharacteristicsofChineseEthicsandMorality\nTheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophyThephilosophyinpre-Qintimes(先秦子学)TheorthodoxphilosophyduringtheHanDynasty(两汉经学)MetaphysicduringtheWeiandJindynasties(魏晋玄学)TheBuddhistphilosophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasties(隋唐佛学)Neo-ConfucianisminSongandMingdynasties(宋明理学)ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingdynasties(明清实学)WinstonSun\nConfucius(Chinese:孔子;pinyin:Kǒngzǐ)(551–479BC)EducatorThinkerStatesmanAsymbolofChinesecultureWinstonSun\nEducationHeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(礼,乐,射,御,书,数)Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.WinstonSun\nGOLDENRULEWinstonSun\nConfuciusQuotesTostudybutnotthink,youwillbeconfused.Justtothinkbutnotstudy,youwillbelazy.(学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。)Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.(己所不欲勿施于人。)Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearningnewones,youcanbemyteacher.(温故而知新可以为师矣。)WinstonSun\nTheBasicFeaturesofAncientChinesePhilosophyStressonspiritualexistenceStressonpracticeStressonmoralityStressonharmonyStressonintuition\nSpiritualexistenceConfucianism’sknowledgeoflifethroughdispositionandconsciousness,Taoism’ssearchforspiritualfreedomandBuddhism’s“Nirvana”allreflecttheirpursuitofthecompletespiritualhappiness.(把儒家的真性、道家的飘逸、佛教的超脱融合起来,就可以体会出中国古代人生哲学的境界。)Practice“Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.”(这里的践履并非人类的生产实践,而是偏重于个人的修德重行。)MoralityMonarch’sbenevolenceandlowerofficials’loyalty,fathers’kindnessandsons’filialpiety,elderbrothers’friendlinessandyoungerones’respect,andfriends’mutualtrust.(中国古代哲学从本质上讲可以说是一种道德哲学。)HarmonyHarmonybetweenmanandnatureandalsobetweenmanandman.(中庸之道是中国古代哲学的基本精神之一。)IntuitionThephilosophicalideaswereformedbasedonintuitionandreflectiononlife’sexperiences.(这些哲学思想是哲学家们所得所悟的思维以及直觉体验的结晶,无论是影响深远“天人合一”、“道”,还是孟子所讲的尽心、知性、知天,养“浩然之气”,庄子讲“天地与我并生,万物与我为一”,魏晋玄学家讲“言不尽意”,“得意忘象”,都是一种并不能由语言概念来确指、来表现,而只能靠主体依其价值取向在经验范围内体悟的思想。)\n1.TheMastersaid,"Ayouth,whenathome,shouldbefilial,and,abroad,respectfultohiselders.Heshouldbeearnestandtruthful.Heshouldoverflowinlovetoall,andcultivatethefriendshipofthegood.Whenhehastimeandopportunity,aftertheperformanceofthesethings,heshouldemploytheminpolitestudies.“(子曰:“弟子,入则孝,出则弟,谨而信,凡爱众,而亲仁。行有余力,则以学文。”)2.“(.TheMastersaid,"Whenweseemenofworth,weshouldthinkofequalingthem;whenweseemenofacontrarycharacter,weshouldturninwardsandexamineourselves子曰:“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。”)3.Themastersaid,“ifamantakenothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand.”(子曰∶“人无远虑,必有近忧。”)\nEthicsisthemoralprinciplefordealingwithpeople.Moralityisasocialideologywhichservesasthenormsforpeople’slivesandbehaviours.Question:thethreeobediencesandfourvirtues?thethreebasicrulesandfiveconstantvirtues?CharacteristicsofChineseEthicsandMorality\n1.SeekingharmonyandmaintainingequilibriumHarmonyseekspeace,compromise,concord,andunison.Maintainingequilibriumistheultimatepurposeofharmony.2.CollectivismoverindividualismTraditionalChinesevaluesattachgreatimportancetocollectiveinterest.Anindividual’svaluecanberealizedonlywithinsocietyasawhole,asthatisthegroundworkofone’sexistence.3.SpirituallifeovermateriallifeSelf-cultivationinmoralsisemphasizedandisconsideredtobemoreimportantthanone’smaterialpursuits.\nThanksforListening

相关文档