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《统计学原理(第三版)》各章计算题解答第二章统计调查与整理1.见教材P4022.见教材P402-4033.见教材P403-404第三章综合指标1.见教材P404182023252.产量计划完成相对数122.86%70从第四年第三季度至第五年第二季度产量之和为:18171820=73(万吨)比计划数70万吨多3万吨,则:3提前完成计划时间(6054)6个月零68天(2016)/90实际为上年的%110%3.计划完成程度指标(%)101.85%计划为上年的%108%劳动生产率计划超额1.85%完成实际完成数(%)92%4.计划完成程度指标(%)102.22%计划完成数(%)90%一季度产品单位成本未完成计划,实际单位成本比计划规定数高2.22%实际为上年的%105%5.计划完成程度指标(%)103%计划为上年的%计划为上年的%105%解得:计划为上年的%101.94%103%即计划规定比上年增长1.94%6.见教材P4057.见教材P4058.按耕地自甲村乙村然条件分平均亩产粮食产量播种面积平均亩产播种面积粮食产量组(千克/亩)x(千克)mm(千克/亩)x(亩)(亩)f(千克)xfx山地10025,0002501501,2501,875,000丘陵地150150,0001,000200500100,000平原地400500,0001,250450750337,500合计270675,0002,5002502,500625,000m675000X270(千克/亩)甲m2500xxf625000X250(千克/亩)乙f2500在相同的耕地自然条件下,乙村的单产均高于甲村,故乙村的生产经营管理工作做得好。但由于甲村的平原地所占比重大,山地所占比重小,乙村则相反,由于权数的作用,使得甲村的总平均单产高于乙村。9.\n按产值计划完成程度分组(%)组中值各组企业占总数的比重(系数)fx%x(%)fff95-10097.50.1211.7100-105102.50.5657.4105-110107.50.2425.8110-115112.50.089.0合计-1.00103.9f平均计划完成程度Xx103.9%f10.见教材P406311.X0.95740.92220.96394.74%G12.水稻收耕地组中xf以下xA2xA获量(千面积值x累计xxxxffddf克/亩)(亩)f次数150-17518162.52925.018-230.92078.28-90450175-20032187.56000.050-180.92894.72-128512200-22553212.511262.5103-130.93469.38-159477225-25069237.516387.5172-80.92791.74-138276250-27584262.522050.0256-30.91298.64-8484275-300133287.538237.538919.11268.8200300-325119312.537187.550869.14110.26119119325-35056337.518900.0564119.13334.24112224350-37522362.57975.0586169.11859.8866198375-425104004000.0596244.11220.4045202.5425-5004462.51850.0600369.1738.1628196合计600-166775.0-25102.14-2292738.5(1)fSf6002m1300MeXLd22fm275300为中位数所在组6002562275251332758.25283.3(千克/亩)1MXd0L121338427525(133-84)(133-119)27519.45294.5(千克/亩)\n(众数所在组为275—300)6001034f600Q225251501694422517.03242.03(千克/亩)Q在225—250之间1360038943f3600Q3002545031194430012.82312.82(千克/亩)Q在300—325之间3(2)R=500-150=350(千克/亩)xxf25102.14A.D.41.84(千克/亩)f600(3)xf166775x277.96(千克/亩)f600xA()fd229或xdA25287.5278(千克/亩)f6002x-A2x-A()f()f2738.5229dd2σd()25ff6006004.5642-0.1444252.1022552.55(千克/亩)“标准差”不要求用组距数列的简捷法计算(4)根据以上计算,294.5千克/亩>283.3千克/亩>277.96千克/亩,故资料分布为左偏(即下偏)。13.日产量xxx2甲单位工人人数(人)fxfxxf1120120-0.5302601200.515320601.545合计200300-90日产量x乙单位总产量(付)mmxx2xxfx13030-0.819.22120600.22.4330101.214.4合计180100-36.0(1)\nxf300X甲1.5(件/人)f200m180X乙1.8(件/人)m100xX甲X乙乙单位工人生产水平高。(2)2(xx)f90σ0.450.67(件/人)甲f2002(xx)f36σ0.360.60(件/人)乙f100σ甲0.67V100%100%44.7%甲x1.50甲σ0.6乙V100%100%33.3%乙x1.8乙VV,乙单位工人生产水平整齐甲乙14.11X(3MM)(3600700)550(元)e022其分布态势为左偏分布\n15.(1)平均本利率为:XfXf1Xf2XfnG12n1636421.021.041.051.071.08105.49%平均年利率:X15.49%G(2)Xf2%4%35%67%48%2Xf165.50%第四章动态数列1.见教材P4072.见教材P407-4083.见教材P4084.见教材P4095.(1)见教材P409-410(2)①增减速度=发展速度-1(或100%)naain②(环比发展速度的连乘积等于定基发展速度)i1ai1a0基期发展水平③增长1%的绝对值100增减量④增长1%的绝对值增减速度n⑤(aa)aa(逐期增减量之和等于累计增减量)ii1n0i1⑥xnx(平均发展速度等于环比发展速度的连乘积开n次方)⑦平均增减速度=平均发展速度-1(或100%)6.见教材P4107.见教材P410-4118.(1)见教材P411(2)22日期tytyt日期tytyt1-292010-582908411611900190012-272025-546757291732280684093-252042-51050625185230011500254-231910-43930529197234216394495-211960-41160441209233821042816-192101-3991936121112361259711217-172050-3485028922132345304851698-152130-3195022523152382357302259-132152-27976169241722823879428910-112103-231331212519239045410361\n11-92080-1872081262124505145044112-72193-1535149272324245575252913-52204-1102025282524686170062514-32230-66909292725006750072915-11965-196513029250472616841合计066421824058990yNabt6642130a代入方程组:2824058990btyatbta2214.03b9.17y2214.039.17tc9.年份投资额(万元)y逐期增长量二级增长量2324tttyttyt19951240---416-4960-64198402561996129151--39-3873-271161981199713627120-24-2724-8544816199814508817-11-1450-14150119991562112240000002000169513321111695116951200118451501724369087380162002201817323396054271816281200322101921941688406435360256合计14673--06072720100954708(1)因为本资料二级增长量大体相等,所以投资额发展的趋势接近于抛物线型。yNabtct2146739a60c23(2)代入方程:tyatbtct727260bt2yat2bt3ct410095460a708ca1562.5b121.2c10.22y1562.5121.2t10.2tc(3)当t=5,即2004年基建投资额yc=1562.5+121.2×5+10.2×25=2423.5(万元)当t=6,即2005年基建投资额yc=1562.5+121.2×6+10.2×36=2656.9(万元)10.2年份年末人口数(万人)y各年环比增长速度(%)ty’=lgyty’t199925--21.3979-2.7958420003020-11.4771-1.477112001362001.5563002002442211.64351.6435120035320.521.72433.44864合计--07.79910.819210(1)因为本题资料各年环比增长速度大体相同,所以发展的基本趋势接近于指数曲线型。\n(2)代入方程组:y'NABt7.79915Aty'AtBt20.819210BAlga1.55982a36.3查反对数表得Blgb0.08192b1.21tyc36.3(1.21)(3)当t=3时,即该地区2004年底人口数为:lgyc=lga+tlgb=1.55982+3×0.08192=1.80558∴yc=63.9(万人)11.见教材P412-41312.(1)季度销售量y四项移动平均二项移正平均趋势值剔除(千件)ycy/yc×100%1999年313--418--112000年1511.12545.9411.252811.2571.1111.2531411.375123.0811.541811.75153.19122001年1612.2548.9812.52101376.9213.531613.75116.361442214.25154.3914.52002年1814.87553.7815.2521215.62576.81631916.875112.5917.7542518.375136.05192003年115--217--季度第一季度第二季度第三季度第四季度合计年份2000年45.9471.11123.08153.192001年48.9876.92116.36154.392002年53.7876.80112.59136.05合计148.7224.83352.03443.63平均49.5774.94117.34147.88389.73校正系数1.02641.02641.02641.0264季节比率50.8876.92120.44151.78400\n(%)(2)当t=19,即2004年第一季度销售量估计值为:yc=7.42+0.85×19=23.57(千件)23.57×0.5088(第一季度的季节比率)=11.99(千件)同样方法,得到2004年第二、三、四各季度的销售量估计值依次为:18.78千件、30.44千件、39.64千件。13.(1)2010年达到翻一番的目标,即人均绿化面积为:4平方米×2=8平方米,根据已知条件,得:Xna/a108/41021.0718107.18%G20102000即每年的平均发展速度=107.18%。(2)若在2008年就达到翻一番目标,则每年的平均增长速度为:X100%na/a100%88/4100%82100%109.05%100%9.05%即每G20082000年的平均增长数度=9.05%。(3)若2001年和2002年的平均发展速度都为110%,那么后8年的平均发展速度为:a2001a200228a2010a/a(1.10)(X)220102002Gaaa200020012000进一步整理得到:828X2/(1.10)1.652892561.06483106.48%G即后8年每年的平均发展速度=106.48%(4)假定2007年的人均绿化面积为人均6.6平方米,以2000年为基期,那么其平均年增长量是:a6.6(平方米);a4(平方米)20072000aa6.642.620072000则平均年增长量0.37143(平方米)n7714.(1)季度一二三四合计季节指数91.8102.0117.396.9408(%)调整系数0.98040.98040.98040.9804调整后的季9010011595400节指数(%)(2)第三季度销售值=24÷4×115%=6.9(万元)第四季度销售值=24÷4×95%=5.7(万元)(3)第三季度比第一季度销售值的变动比率为:544.262697.83%117.3%91.8%4.3573实际下降2.17%。(4)当t2时,y162220(万元)2003年即经季节性调整后的2003年第一季度的估计值=20÷4×90%=4.5(万元)15.见教材P416\n第五章统计指数1.(1)p10.40q15.2蔬菜个体物价133.33%蔬菜个体销售量指数104%p0.30q5.000p12.44q15.52猪肉个体物价110.91%猪肉个体销售量指数123.77%p2.2q4.4600(2)p11.92q11.15鲜蛋个体物价106.67%鲜蛋个体销售量指数95.83%p1.82q1.2000p17.6q11.3水产品个体物价111.76%水产品个体销售量指数113.04%p6.8q1.1500p1q127.6368kp112.28%p0q124.614q1p024.614kq115.60%q0p021.292(3)(pp)q(0.400.30)5.20.52101(pp)q(2.442.2)5.521.3248101(pp)q(1.921.80)1.150.138101(pp)q(7.66.8)1.31.04101p1q1p0q127.636824.6143.0228(元)2.q1p1q1p1kpp10q1p1q1p1pk1300330120107.15%300330120107.270%106.670%108.160%1q1p1q1p1750699.9850.02(万元)k3.kp0q0174%400110%848140%7002608.8kq133.92%p0q04008487001948kp0q0p0q02608.81948660.8(万元)4.列计算表如下:产品名称总产值(万元)K(%)p1q1pKp0q0p1q1甲145168112150乙220276115240丙350378105360合计715822-750\np1q1822109.6%p0q1750由于价格变化而增加的总产值82275072(万元)p1q1822114.97%p0q0715p1q1p0q0822715107(万元)1p1q1750K产量指数104.90%p0q07151p1q1p0q075071535(万元)K指数体系:114.97%104.90%109.6%107万元35万元72万元5.列表计算如下:车间工人数全员劳动生产率总产值(元)(人)(元/人)fQQfQf0f10Q100Q1f101甲9006001588200014292001200000952800乙1100140029093429319990048006004072600合计20002000--462910060006005025400Q0f04629100Q2314.55(元)0f02000Q1f16000600Q3000.3(元)1f12000Q0f15025400Q2512.7(元)nf12000Q3000.31129.63%Q2314.550QQ685.75(元)10Q3000.31固定构成指数:119.41%Q2512.7nQ-Q487.6(元)1nQ2512.7n结构变动影响指数:108.56%Q2314.550Q-Q198.15(元)n0指数体系:129.63%119.41%108.56%685.75元487.6元198.15元6.\n副食品指数kw106.1%6%100%2%96.7%17%101.7%4%122.7%38%140.2%21%98.6%5%103%7%117.08%粮食类指数100%98%100%2%100%食品类物价指数100%25%117.08%48%102.3%13%108.1%14%109.63%总指数kp109.63%48%116.4%16%109.7%10%98%3%105.2%3%108%8%128.3%7%112.6%5%111.56%7.(1)参见教材P209-210的计算方法(2)pq11总指数kp1pq11k90,00050,00020,00035,00015,00010,00030,00050,00030,00040,00010,00090,00050,00020,00035,00015,00010,00030,00050,00030,00040,00010,000101.41%105.11%104.23%101.23%99.36%101.35%102.38%108.4%105.4%102.5%98.6%380,000103.24%368,067.658.产量总指数18032150qpp1q1K10k1.051.000.98qq0p0p1q0262108.5%p1q1p0q0261.25108.19%241.47由于产量增加而增加的产值:q1p0q0p019.78(万元)p1q18032150262价格总指数K100.29%p1261.25261.25p1q1kp由于价格变化使产值增加:1p1q1-p1q10.75(万元)kp9.商品销售量指数q1p0q1p1q1p19.89K103%qq0p0q0p0q1p09.891.299.602111.65%8.60由于销售量变动使商品销售额增加9.602-8.60=1.002(亿元)10.(1)销售量指数q1pq00pqq35103%010K103%qpqpq350000\n(2)价格指数pq4011K110.96%ppq35103%01(3)销售量变动对销售额的影响p(qq)35(103%1)1.05(万元)01011.零售物价指数WKp(kp)W110%11%104%29%108.5%35%118%25%109.735%12.(1)以t代表工人劳动生产率,q代表工人人数t1q1650总产值指数144.44%tq45000tqtq650450200(万元)1100q1714其中:生产工人人数变动对产值变动影响:程度111.56%q6400450绝对值(q-q)t(714640)51.8(万元)100640t1650450工人劳动生产率变动对产值的影响:程度130%t7146400650450绝对值(t-t)q()714149.2(万元)101714640144.44%111.56%129.48%;20051.8149.2(2)以m代表产值,q代表职工数,t代表生产工人人数m1650产值指数144.44%(m-m)650-450200(万元)10m4500其中:①职工人数变动影响:q1840105%q8000tm00(qq)22.4(万元)10qt00基期生产工人占基期平均每个生产工人职工人数比重的产值②生产工人占职工人数比重变动影响:\nt1t0714640106.25%qq84080010t1t0m0714640450q()840()29.4(万元)1qqt840800640100基期每个生产工人的产值③由于工人劳动生产率变动对总产值的影响:m1m0650450130%tt71464010t1m1m0714650450q()840()149.941qtt840714640110144.44%105%106.25%130%;20022.429.4149.9413.q1m1p11006.84原材料费用总额指数106.33%q0m0p0946.9绝对数:q1m1p1q0m0p01006.84946.959.94(元)q1m0p01044.25产量变动影响:110.28%q0m0p0946.9绝对数:q1m0p0q0m0p01044.25946.997.35(元)q1m1p01040.6每吨产品原材料消耗变动影响:99.65%q1m0p01044.25绝对数:q1m1p0q1m0p01040.61044.253.65(元)q1m1p11006.84每吨原材料价格变动影响:96.76%q1m1p01040.6绝对数:q1m1p1q1m1p01006.841040.633.76(元)106.33%=110.28%99.65%96.76%59.94=97.35-3.65-33.76(元)14.f1x1x1f1496.30102.77%x0f0482.93x0f0ff10x1x0496.30482.9313.37(元)f1f0f1x1f1496.30固定构成指数112.86%f1439.73x0f1ff11x1x0496.30439.7356.57(元)f1f1\nf1x0f1439.73结构影响指数91.05%f0482.93x0f0ff10x0x0439.73482.9343.2(元)f1f0102.77%112.86%91.05%13.3756.57-43.215.各期的原材料费用总额计算如下:Q1M1P11201.05451200.4822462.145460.192211476.48(元)Q0M0P01001.1401000.51540240400.2158470(元)Q1M0P01201.1401200.51546240460.2159998(元)Q1M1P01201.05401200.4815462.140460.19159899.1(元)因而,有Q1M1P111476.48原材料费用总额指数135.50%Q0M0P08470Q1M0P09998产品产量指数118.04%Q0M0P08470Q1M1P09899.1单耗总指数99.01%Q1M0P09998Q1M1P111476.48价格总指数115.93%Q1M1P09899.1即原材料费用总额报告期比基期多支出35.5%,绝对额增加了Q1M1P1Q0M0P011476.4884703006.48(元)产量报告期比基期增长了18.04%,绝对额增加了Q1M0P0Q0M0P0999884701528(元)每吨产品材料消耗量报告期比基期降低了0.99%,绝对额变动了Q1M1P0Q1M0P09899.1999898.9(元)材料价格报告期比基期增长了15.93%,绝对额增加了Q1M1P1Q1M1P011476.489899.11577.38(元)所以相对数和绝对数因数分析的指数体系为相对数:135.50%118.04%99.01%115.93%绝对数:11476.488470(99988470)(9899.19998)(11476.489899.1)3006.481528(98.9)1577.38第六章抽样调查1.(1)N=5000,000n=500\nxfX926.4σ55.21f222σn55.2150055.21μ(1)(1)2.47μ2.47xxnN5005000,000500t3Δtμ32.477.41x918.99X933.81p0.4%p(1-p)0.4%(1-0.4%)0.4%99.6%0.4%99.6%5000.4%99.6%μ(1)0.0028μ0.0028pp5005000,000500(2)Δtμ10.00280.00280.0040.0028P0.0040.00280.0012P0.0068即0.12%P0.68%2.(1)190P95%200p(1p)0.950.050.015pn200由F(t)95.45%t2pt20.0150.033%pppPpp95%-3%P95%3%92%P98%(2)10P0.055%200p(1p)0.050.950.015pn200由F(t)95.45%t2pt20.0150.033%pppPpp5%-3%P5%3%2%P8%3.(1)\n15P0.066%250p(1p)0.060.940.0151.5%pn250由F(t)68.27%t1pt11.5%1.5%pppPpp6%-1.5%P6%1.5%4.5%P7.5%(2)由F(t)95.45%t2ptμ21.5%3%ppΔpPpΔp6%-3%P6%3%3%P9%4.(1)t10.015p(1-p)2%(1-2%)0.0196198%2%n88(块)20.01598%2%(2)n22(块)20.035.Xf3260036300X33.33f6003002222σifi2060030300566.7fi6003002566.7μ0.794Δtμ20.7941.588xn900x31.742X34.9186.pN1000,000n1000p2%t3p(1p)n2%(12%)1000μ(1)(1)0.00442pnN10001000,0002%0.004423P2%0.0044230.68%P3.32%7.\n已知:x170σ12n10160.5x179.522σ12μ3.7947xn10xtμ160.5170-t3.7947160.5t2.50349x查表得:F(t)98.83%8.xf320002x800元σ141.42σ2000011f40xf395002x658.33元σ123.88σ15347.2222f602200004015347.2260σ17208.334060222Ntσ100,000217208.33n304.99305(人)22222NΔtσ100,00015217208.33(1)随机抽样:xf71500x715f1002σ22025222Ntσ100,000222025n390.02391(人)22222NΔtσ100,00015222025(2)2σ22025Δtμt215.01n391Δ15.01t1.99992μ7.5053x9.rxi1823334045i12x31.8mr5(x18,x23,x33,x40,x45)1234522(xx1)64925σ32.671n3\n22(xx2)25116σ142n322(xx3)64436σ34.673n322(xx4)644100σ564n322(xx5)1441169σ104.675n3各群群间方差的平均数:21r21σi(32.671434.6756104.67)48.4ri15各群群间方差:r2(xix)2i1δr22222(1831.8)(2331.8)(3331.8)(4031.8)(4531.8)102.165两个阶段抽样的抽样平均误差为:22δRrNnμxrR1nN1102.1610548.410033.815101151001Δtμ23.817.62x24.18X39.4210.平均袋重(千克)x批数rxrxx(xx)2riii48.5148.5-1.612.592149298.0-1.112.464249.55247.5-0.611.8605507350.0-0.110.084750.53151.50.390.456350.6150.60.490.2401513153.00.892.376351.5151.51.391.932152152.01.893.5721合计241202.6-15.5784\nxr1202.6x50.11(千克)r24r2(xix)r15.57842i1δ0.6491(千克)xr242δRr0.6491144024xμ()0.027050.98400.163xrR12414401Δtμ20.1630.326xx50.11-0.326X50.110.326即49.78(千克)X50.44(千克)批数r2各批一等品包装质量比重(%)pipirpippipr9532.85-0.02560.0019669610.96-0.01560.00024339754.85-0.00560.00015659898.820.00440.000173798.510.9850.010.00019954.950.01440.001037合计2423.415-0.003677pir23.415p97.56%r24r2(pip)r0.0036772i1δ0.0153%pr240.000153μ0.98400.247%p24Δtμ20.247%0.494%pp97.56%-0.494%P97.56%0.494%即97.07%P98.05%11.(1)已知:x1800小时S6小时n100个22σS6计算:μ0.6(小时)xnn10F(t)68.27%t1Δxtμ10.60.6(小时)x极限误差为0.6小时。(2)已知:Δ0.4小时S6小时t1x2222tσ1636计算:n225(只)22Δ0.40.16x应抽取225只灯泡进行测试。(3)\n已知:Δ0.4小时F(t)95.45%t2S6小时x2222tσ26计算:n900(只)22Δ0.4x应抽取900只灯泡进行测试。(4)已知:Δx0.6小时t2S6小时2222tσ26计算:n400(只)22Δ0.6x应抽取400只灯泡进行测试。(5)通过以上计算可以看到,抽样单位数和概率之间是正比关系,即当概率提高时,抽样单位数也会增加;抽样单位数和允许误差(极限误差)之间是反比关系,即当极限误差范围扩大时,相应的抽样单位数就会减少。12.已知:σ12n400x21根据题意假设:H:XX2000H:XX2010用Z统计量代入上述数据:xX21200Z1.67/n12/400由α0.05所对应的临界值Z1.640.05因ZZ为拒绝域,题中Z1.67,Z=1.64,故拒绝αα原假设,则可以说明总体的平均值会超过20。13.提出假设:H:500H:501因总体方差未知,宜采用统计量t:x0tS/n根据资料计算:x49.85150.549.549.250.251.250.349.750.6xn1050.20(克)2(xx)S0.65n1x50.20500t0.97S/n0.65/10由0.1查0.1双侧,自由度为1019得(9)t1.830.1拒绝域为tt,题中tt,故接受原假设,即每袋重量符合要求。14.\n提出假设H0:μ=μ0=250H1:μ≠μ0=250方法①选择检验统计量xμ2512500Z3.3333σ3n100只要ZZαZ0.025或Z-ZαZ0.025就否定原假设22当α0.05时,对应的临界值Z1.95,-Z1.960.0250.025即:ZZ落在否定域内0.025否定原假设,该批罐头不符合要求方法②如果求出的区间包含μ,就不否定原假设H0,否则就否定H0∵μ的95%的区间为:x1.96σ2511.963即:(250.41,251.59)n100因为μ250未包含在该区间内,所以该批罐头不符合标准015.提出原假设:H:P17%0H:P17%1选用统计量Z:pp0Zp(1p)00n28用p0.14p0.17n200代入上式:02000.140.17Z1.130.170.83200Z1.64,拒绝域ZZ,本题中ZZ,故0.05接受原假设,则不能认为技术改造后产品质量有所提高。\n第七章相关分析1.nxyxyr2222nx(x)ny(y)x24,y300,n6,xy1182,22x106,y150486118224300r0.82226106246150483002.2xy7272(1)r0.93489.757.977.025xy(2)中文成绩与英文成绩的相关程度为高度正相关。3.(1)工龄为自变量(2)散点图76543y效率分数2100246810121416182022x工龄(3)从散点图上看,该公司员工工龄与效率分数之间没有高度相关关系。(4)22员工工龄(x)效率分数(y)xyxy叶166136王20510040025蒋6318369李85406425孙22444徐12214唐1546022516朱8324649合计613025479512882546130202r0.3531[8795(61)2][8128(30)2]572.0455(5)该公司员工工龄与效率分数之间只有微弱的相关关系。4.(1)参见教材P329-330图示(2)\nNxy(x)(y)相关系数r2222Nx(x)Ny(y)1037.7870.24.960.9562210537.1670.2102.67624.96(3)yabxynabx4.9610a70.2ba0.027237.7870.2a537.16bb0.0668xyaxbxy0.0270.0668x5.(1)yabxynabx132.914a61.8ba3.1002621.4161.8a296.8bb1.4481xyaxbxy3.11.45x(2)当x=8y=3.1+1.45×8=14.7(千元/人)(3)2ya(y)b(xy)1313.953.1132.91.4481621.41S0.387n146.yabxbx1122ynab1x1b2x233713a591b1211b22x1yax1b1x1b2x1x215369591a26915b19620b2xyxbxxbx25515211a9620b3463b2a21122212a12.8326b10.5803y-12.83260.5803x10.7624x2b0.76242当x52x21y-12.83260.5803520.76242133.3534(亿公斤)127.(1)nxyxyr2222nx(x)ny(y)8563.57281360.97228106.62883255.64136为高度正相关(2)nxyxy8563.5728136b10.18222nx(x)8106.628x28y136x3.5y17n8n8由yabx,求得aybx1710.183.518.64则:y18.6410.18xc\n(3)b=10.18,说明可比产品成本降低率每增加1%时,销售利润率平均增加10.18万元。(4)2yaybxySyxn23255.6418.6413610.18563.57822.998.(1)nxyxyb22nx(x)1025740029308100.203321095770029308102930aybx0.20338159.273921.7261010则y21.7260.2023xc(2)2yaybxySyxn27010021.7268100.20232574001027.33(元)当xx450元时0yabx21.7260.2023450112.761元c0F(t)95.45%,则y的预测区间为:y2S112.76127.33cyx98.10y127.429.(1)根据相关图判断(图略),该数列为线性关系,可配合简单直线回归方程。年份产量x成本y2y2xyx19952734532914619963729518421619974711650412841998373953292191999469164761276200056825462434020016663643563962002765494225455合计34557164388493332(2)建立简单直线回归方程:\nyabxcnxyxy8233234557b222nx(x)8164342821.8077156yx55734ab(1.8077)77.3077nn88y77.30771.8077xc(3)每当产量增加1万件时,单位成本就减少1.8077元。(4)相关系数nxyxyR2222nx(x)ny(y)82332345572820.968981643428388495572291.05当显著性水平0.05时,自由度nm826,查相关系数临界值表得:R(6)0.707。因为R0.96890.7070.05R(6),故在0.05显著性水平上,检验通过,说明两变0.05量之间相关关系显著。(5)估计标准差:2yaybxySyn23884977.3077557(1.8077)2332824.167560.8334(6)当产量为8万件时,单位成本为:y77.30771.8077862.8461元c当概率为95.45%,则该方程的置信区间为:y2S62.846120.8334cy即当产量为8万件时,在95.45%概率保证程度下,单位成本的区间为61.18~64.51元之间。第八章国民经济核算1.见教材P4232.见教材P423