工程制图知识点(英文) 3页

EngineeringDrawing为了培养空间分析能力，点、线、面、体的投影，组合体视图，表达方法，零件图，标准件、常用件以及装配图等题解内容。教授了很多作图的基本定理和方法：确定线线，线面之间关系；直角投影定理；换面法等。有很多难点：回转体截交线以及相贯线的画法等。还有一些常用零件的画法，比如螺钉，螺纹的画法，这是机械设计的基础。Thecourse”drawingengineering”cantrainthestudent’sabilityofspaceanalyzing.Itintroducessomedrawingmethodssuchastheprojectionofthepoint,line,planeandbodyandthree-viewdrawing,detailsdrawing,italsotellsyouhowtoreadtheassemblydrawing.Ithinkthiscourseisprettyhardthatyoumustunderstandmanytheoremsandusethemtosolvetheproblems,thisisanexample(giveanexample,illustrateby)thatweusetheRectangularProjectionTheoremtoconfirmtherelationsbetweenthelines,linesandtheplanes(whetherthelinesareparallel).Andalsosomesectionlinessuchastheintersectionlinearereallycomplex.ThiscourseisthefoundationoftheMechanicalDesign.投影projection投影中心centerofprojection投影面projectingplane投影线projectingline中心投影法perspectiveprojection平行投影法parallelprojection斜投影obliqueprojection正投影orthographicprojection正投影面frontalplaneofprojection侧面投影面profileplaneofprojection投影图projectiondrawing三面投影图three-planeprojectiondrawing投影轴axisofprojection投影特性characteristicofprojection不变性characteristicoftrue积聚性characteristicofconcentration类似性characteristicofsimilarity视图view三视图three-viewdrawing正面frontalplane正面投影frontalprojection水平面horizontalplane水平投影horizontalprojection侧面profileplane侧面投影profileprojection主视图frontalview俯视图topview左视图leftsideview立体solid平面立体planebody曲面立体bodyofcurvedsurface回转面surfaceofrevolution棱柱prism棱锥pyramid边side顶点centervertex棱edge点point直线linestraightline棱锥台truncatedpyramidfrustumofpyramid重影coincidenceofprojection积聚concentrate变形deformation实长truelength实形trueshape正平线frontalline水平线horizontalline侧平线profileline一般位置直线obliqueline铅垂线verticalline,frontal-profileline正垂线horizontal--profileline侧垂线frontal-horizontalline一般位置平面obliqueplane相交intersection平行parallel垂直perpendicular交线intersectingline,lineofintersection交点pointofintersection平行线parallelline垂直线perpendicularline交叉线skewline长度length宽度width高度height组合体complex基本几何体basicbody相接built-up相交intersection相切tangent相贯penetration支架brace底板bottomboard肋rib支承板bearingplate轮廓线outline,contourline底图traceddrawing截平面cuttingplane截交线lineofsection二重性dualnature平面曲线planecurve圆弧arc椭圆ellipse长轴majoraxis短轴minoraxis双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola圆circle圆锥顶conicapex相贯体intersectingbodies相贯线lineofintersection空间曲线spacecurve截平面方法cuttingplanemethod辅助面auxiliarysurface辅助平面auxiliaryplanen最高点culminatingpoint尺寸Size定形尺寸sizedimension定位尺寸locationdimension左视图rightview后视图rearview,backview仰视图bottomview辅助图auxiliaryview局部视图partialview,brokenview斜视图obliqueview旋转视图revolvedview,alignedview剖视图sectionalview,section全剖视fullsection半剖视halfsection局部剖视图partialsection,broken-outsection斜剖视图obliquesection旋转剖视图alignedsection阶梯剖视echelonsection,offsetsection复合剖视compoundsection剖面图section,sectionalview重合剖面coincidesection,revolvedsection移出剖面removedsection剖面线sectionline剖面符号symbolsforsection-lining习惯画法conventionaldrawing局部放大图drawingofpartialenlargement零件图detaildrawing,workingdrawing第三角投影thirdangleprojection粗实线continuousthickline,fullline,visibleline细实线continuousthinline虚线dotline,dashedline,hiddenline点划线dashanddotline双点划线doubledotsline波浪线breakline断裂线剖切平面迹线cuttingplaneline尺寸线dimensionline尺寸界线extensiontine尺寸dimensionsize箭头arrowhead基准datum基准线datumline基准面datumplane中心孔centralhole中心距centerdistance轴shaft,axle孔hole斜孔inclination装配图assemblydrawing性能尺寸characteristicdimension大小尺寸sizedimension总体尺寸outerdimension外形尺寸配合尺寸fitdimension内圆角fillet外圆角round尖角sharpcorner倒角chamfer轮缘flangeofwheel缘、边、环rim轴肩shoulder凸台boss凹坑concavepit轴颈shaftneck轮毂hub轮辐spoke,spokeofwheel直纹滚花straightknurlings网纹滚花hatchingknurling键槽key-way退刀槽escape拔模斜度patterndraft填料盒glandbox油槽oilgroove油封oilseal标准件standardparts螺纹thread外螺纹externalthread内螺纹internalthread大径majordiameter小径minordiameter螺距pitchofthread牙型formofthread旋向directionofturning右旋螺纹right-handthread左旋螺纹left-handthread头数numberofthread导程lead粗牙coarsethread细牙finthread螺栓bolt螺钉screw螺柱stud螺母nut垫片washer公差tolerance公差带tolerancezone零线zeroline标准公差standardtolerance公差等级tolerancegrade基本偏差fundamentaldeviation配合fit间隙配合clearancefit过盈interference过盈配合interferencefit过渡配合transitionfit基孔制hole-basicsystemoffits基轴制shaft-basicsystemoffits间隙clearance形状公差toleranceinform,formtolerance直线度straightness平面度flatness圆度roundness圆柱度cylindricity线轮廓度profileofanyline面轮廓度profileofanyplane位置公差toleranceinposition,positiontolerances平行度parallelism齿轮gear圆柱齿轮cylindricalgear正齿轮spurgear斜齿轮spiralgear轮齿geartooth节圆pitchcircle齿顶圆addendumcircle,outsidecircle齿根圆rootcircle,addendumcircle模数modulus齿数numberofteeth齿高toothheight齿顶高heightofaddendum齿根高heightofaddendum齿厚circularthickness齿间toothspace齿宽toothwidth压力角angleofpressure弹簧spring销pin圆柱销roundpin圆锥销taperpin开口销cotterpin,split键key平键flatkey半圆键halfroundkey,woodruffkey轴承bearing滚动轴承rollingbearing向心铀承radialbearing密封装置sealingequipment锁紧装置lockingequipment粗糙度roughnessn基本尺寸basicsize实际尺寸actualsize极限尺寸limitssize最大极限尺寸maximumlimitofsize最小极限尺寸minimumlimitofsize偏差deviation上偏差upperdeviation下偏差lowerdeviation垂直度perpendicularity倾斜度angularity同轴度concentricity对称度symmetry位置度trueposition跳动run-out圆跳动cyclerun-out全跳动totalrun-out轴测投影axonometricprojection轴测投影面planeofaxonometricprojection轴测图axonometricdrawing正等轴测投影isometricprojection正二测bimetricprojection斜二测obliquebimetricprojection轴测轴axonometricaxis轴间角axisangle,anglebetweenales缩短foreshortened轴向缩短率coefficientofaxialdeformationratioofforeshorteningforanyaxis切割法cuttingmethod,bycutting方箱法boxingmethod坐标法coordinatemethod方框法enclosing-squaremethod四心近似法four-centerapproximatemethod