基础医学各论2 词汇打印版(消化系统,呼吸系统,泌尿系统) 5页

秋第一周词汇呼吸系统respiratorysystem消化系统digestivesystem能量代谢energymetabolism体温bodytemperature发热fever泌尿系统urinarysystem上呼吸道upperrespiratorytract下呼吸道lowerrespiratorytract鼻腔nasalcavity鼻阈limennasi鼻甲nasalconchae鼻道nasalmeatuses蝶筛隐窝sphenoethmoidalrecess鼻泪管nasolacrimalduct嗅区olfactoryregion鼻旁窦paranasalsinuses额窦frontalsinus上颌窦maxillarysinus筛窦ethmoidalsinus蝶窦sphenoidalsinus咽pharynx喉larynx甲状软骨thyroidcartilage环状软骨cricoidcartilage会厌软骨epiglotticcartilage弹性圆锥conuselasticus声襞(或声带)vocalfold(orvocalcord)声门裂rimaglottidis气管trachea气管杈bifurcationoftrachea气管隆嵴carinaoftrachea支气管bronchus肺lung肺门hilumoflung肺根rootoflung支气管肺段bronchopulmonarysegments纵隔mediastinum壁胸膜parietalpleura胸膜腔pleuralcavity胸膜隐窝（胸膜窦）pleuralrecesses秋第二周词汇支气管　Bronchoile肺泡　Pulmonaryalveolus尘细胞　Dustcell气-血屏障　Blood-airbarrier呼吸　Respiration肺通气　Pulmonaryventilation呼吸运动　Respiratorymovement吸气运动　Inspiratorymovement用力呼吸　Forcedbreathing呼吸困难　Dyspnea肺内压　Intrapulmonarypressure胸内压　Intrapleuralpressure肺顺应性　Lungcompliance表面活性物质　Surfactant肺容积　Pulmonaryvolume肺容量Pulmonarycapacity潮气量Tidalvolume补吸气量　Inspiratoryreservevolume补呼气量　Expiratoryreservevolume残气量　Residualvolume深吸气量　Inspiratorycapacity功能残气量　Functionalresidualcapacity肺活量　Vitalcapacity用力呼气量　Forcedexpiratoryvolume时间肺活量　Timedvitalcapacity每分通气量　Minuteventilationvolume最大随意通气量Maximalvoluntaryventilation解剖无效腔　Anatomicaldeadspace肺泡无效腔　Alveolardeadspace肺泡通气量　Alveolarventilationvolume呼吸膜　Respiratorymembrane肺通气/血流比值Ventilation/perfusionratio，V/Q紫绀　Cyanosis氧容量　Oxygencapacity氧含量　Oxygencontent氧饱和度　Oxygensaturation氧合血红蛋白解离曲线Oxygen-hemoglobindissociationcurve呼吸中枢　Respiratorycenter外周化学感受Peripheralchemoreceptor中枢化学感受器　Centralchemoreceptor秋第三周词汇慢性支气管炎　chronicbronchitis肺气肿　emphysema肺不张，肺萎缩　atelectasis肺心病　corpulmonale肺炎　pneumonia大叶性肺炎　lobarpneumonia小叶性肺炎　lobularpneumonia支气管肺炎　bronchopneumonia间质性肺炎　intertitalpneumonia支原体肺炎myocoplasmalpneumonia病毒性肺炎　viruspneumonai支气管扩张　bronchiectasis尘肺　pneumoconiosis矽肺　silicosis矽肺结核病　Silicotuberculosis鼻咽癌　nasopharyngalcarcinoma肺癌　carcinomaoflung郎罕氏巨细胞　Langhans’giantcell结核结节　tubercle原发性肺结核　primarypulmonarytuberculosis原发综合征　primarycomplex继发性肺结核　secondarypulmonarytuberculosis结核球　tuberculoman秋第五周词汇缺氧Hypoxia低氧血症Hypoxemia氧分压Partialpressureofoxygen氧容量Oxygencapacity氧含量Oxygencontent氧饱和度Oxygensaturation低张性缺氧Hypotonichypoxia血液性缺氧Hemichypoxia等张性低氧血症isotonichypoxia循环性缺氧Circulatoryhypoxia组织性缺氧Histogenoushypoxia发绀cyanosis高铁血红蛋白血症Methemoglobinemia碳氧血红蛋白血症Carboxyhemoglobinemia肠原性发绀Enterogenouscyanosis呼吸衰竭　Respiratoryfailure限制性通气不足Restrictivehypoventilation阻塞性通气不足Obstructivehypoventilation等压点　Isobaricpoint肺泡通气与血流比例失调　Ventilation-perfusionimbalance功能性分流　Functionalshunt死腔样通气　Dead-spacelikeventilation真正分流　Trueshunt急性呼吸窘迫综合征　Acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS肺性脑病　Pulmonaryencephalopathy潮式呼吸　Cheyne-stokesrespiration秋第六周词汇慢性支气管炎chronicbronchitis肺气肿pulmonaryemphysema阻塞性肺气肿obstructiveemphysema腺泡中央型或小叶中央型肺气肿centriacinarorcentrilobularemphysema全腺泡型或全小叶型肺气肿panacinarorpanlobularemphysema间隔旁肺气肿paraseptalemphysema间质性肺气肿interstitialemphysema大泡性肺气肿bullousemphysema支气管扩张症bronchiectasis尘肺pneumoconiosis硅肺silicosis肺源性心脏病Corpulmonale肺肉质变pulmonarycarnification急性大块性肺不张　acutemassivecollapseoflung硅肺伴结核　silicosiswithtuberculsis肺癌　carcinomaoflung消化系统　digestive(alimentaey)system口腔　mouthcavity恒牙　permanentteeth乳牙　deciduousteeth唾液腺　salivarygland腮腺　parotidgland下颌下腺　submandibulargland舌下腺　sublingualgland咽　pharynx腭扁桃体　palatinetonsils咽淋巴环　tonsilarring食管　esophagus胃　stomach贲门　cardiacorifice幽门　pyloricorifice胃大弯　greatercurvature胃小弯　Lessercurvature小肠　smallintestine十二指肠　duodenum肝胰壶腹　Hepatopancreaticampulla十二指肠大乳头　Majorduodenalpapilla十二指肠空肠曲　Duodenojejunalflexure空肠　jejunum回肠　ileum大肠　largeintestine盲肠　caecum回盲瓣　ileocecalvalve阑尾　vermiformappendix结肠　colon升结肠　ascendingcolon横结肠　transversecolon降结肠　descendingcolon乙状结肠　sigmoidcolon直肠　rectum肛管　analcanal肛门　anus齿状线　dentateline秋第七周词汇镇咳药Antitussives中枢性镇咳药Centrallyactingantitussives外周性镇咳药Peripherallyactingantitussives成瘾性镇咳药Addictiveantitussives非成瘾性镇咳Non-addictiveantitussives可待因Codeine右美沙芬Dextromethorphan喷托维林Pentoxyverine苯佐那酯Benzonatate祛痰药Expectorants痰液稀释药Sputum-dilutingdrugs粘痰溶解药Mucolyticdrugs氯化铵Amoniumchloride溴己新Bromhexine乙酰半胱氨酸Acetylcysteine氨溴索Ambroxol羧甲司坦Carbocisteine美司坦Methylcysteine平喘药Antiasthmaticdrugsβ2肾上腺素受体选择性激动药β2-Adrenoceptorselectiveagonists肾上腺素Adrenaline,Epinephrine异丙肾上腺素Isoprenaline沙丁胺醇Salbuterol克仑特罗Clenterol特布他林Terbutalinen福莫特罗Formoterol沙美特罗Salmeterol茶碱类Theophyllines氨茶碱Aminophylline胆茶碱CholinetheophyllineM胆碱受体阻断药Muscarinicantagonists异丙基阿托品Ipratropine肾上腺糖皮质激素Glucocorticosteroids吸入型糖皮质激素Inhaledglucocorticosteroids倍氯米松Beclomethasonedipropionate氟尼缩松Flunisolide布地奈德Budesonide曲安奈德Triamcinoloneacetonide过敏介质释放抑制药Inhibitorsofmediatorrelease色甘酸钠Disodiumcromoglycate(romolyn)奈多罗米Nedocromilsodium酮替芬Ketotifen白三烯拮抗剂Leukotrieneantagonists扎鲁司特Zafirlukast秋第八周词汇肝liver肝门portahepatis胆囊gallbladder胆囊管cysticduct胆总管commonbileduct(orcholedochalduct)胰pancreas消化系统digestivesystem黏膜mucosa黏膜下层submucosa肌层muscularis纤维膜fibrosa浆膜serosa食管esophagus表面黏液细胞surfacemucouscell胃底腺fundicgland主细胞chiefcell壁细胞parietalcell细胞内分泌小管intracellularsecretorycanaliculus小肠smallintestine吸收细胞absorptivecell潘氏细胞Panethcell大肠largeintestine阑尾appendix　秋第九周词汇消化腺Digestivegland胰腺Pancreas泡心细胞Centroacinarcell胰岛Pancreasislet高血糖素Glucagon胰岛素Insulin肝小叶Hepaticlobule肝细胞Hepatocyte门管区Portalarea胆囊Ballgladder消化Digestion吸收Absorption基本电节律或慢波Basicelectricalrhythm(BER)orslowwaves胃肠激素Gastrointestinal(GI)hormones唾液Saliva咀嚼Mastication吞咽Deglutition胃蛋白酶原Pepsinogen胃排空Gastricemptying移行性复合运动Migratingmotorcomplex，MMC促胃液素Gastrin冬第一周词汇胰淀粉酶　Pancreaticamylase胰脂肪酶　Pancreaticlipase胰蛋白酶　Trypsin糜蛋白酶　Chymotrypsin促胰液素　Secretin缩胆囊素　Cholecystokinin,CCK容受性舒张　Receptiverelaxation内因子　Intrinsicfactor食物特殊动力效应　Specificdynamicactionoffood肠上皮化生　Intestinalmetaplasia幽门螺旋杆菌Helicobacterpylori消化性溃疡pepticulcer急性蜂窝织性阑尾炎acutephlegmonousappendicitis病毒性肝炎　viralhepatitis点状坏死　spottynecrosis碎片状坏死piecemealnecrosis桥接坏死bridgingnecrosis大块坏死　massivenecrosis亚大块坏死　submassivenecrosis嗜酸性小体Acidophilicbody毛玻璃样肝细胞Ground-glasshepatocyteMallory小体　Mallory’sbody急性重型肝炎　acuteseverehepatitis亚急性重型肝炎subacuteseverehepatitis假小叶Pseudolobule门脉性肝硬化portalcirrhosis坏死后性肝硬化　postnecroticcirrhosis脾肿大splenomegaly腹水ascites食道静脉曲张Esophagealvarices低白蛋白血症hypoalbuminemia肝昏迷hepaticcoma肝细胞性肝癌hepatocellularcarcinoma早期胃癌earlygastriccarcinoma冬第二周词汇抗消化性溃疡药Drugsusedinthetreatmentofpepticulcers抗药酸Antacidsn氢氧化镁Magnesiumhydroxide三硅酸镁Magnesiumtrisilicate氢氧化铝Aluminumhydroxide抑制胃酸分泌药DrugsinhibitinggastricacidsecretionH2受体阻断药H2receptorantagonistsH+泵（质子泵）抑制药H+-K+-ATPaseinhibitors(protonpumpinhibitors)胃泌素受体阻断药Gastrinreceptorantagonists胃黏膜保护药Mucosalprotectivedrugs西咪替丁Cimetidine雷尼替丁Ranitidine法莫替丁Famotidine奥美拉唑Omeprazole兰索拉唑Lansoprazole泮托拉唑Pantoprazole哌仑西平Pirenzepine丙谷胺Proglumide米索前列醇Misoprostol恩前列素Enprostil硫糖铝Sucralfate枸橼酸铋钾Colloidalbismuthsubcitrate抗幽门螺杆菌药AntimicrobialdrugsforHelicobacterpylori甲硝唑Metronidazole阿莫西林Amoxicillin四环素Tetracycline庆大霉素Gentamicin克拉霉素Clarithromycin止吐药Antiemeticdrugs胃肠动力药Prokineticdrugs5-HT3受体阻断药5-HT3receptorantagonists昂丹司琼Ondansetron多巴胺受体阻断剂Dopaminereceptorantagonists甲氧氯普胺Metoclopramide多潘立酮(吗丁林)Domperidone西沙必利Cisapride止泻药Laxatives吸附药Absorbants阿片制剂Opiumpreparations地芬诺酯Diphenoxylate洛哌丁胺Loperamine鞣酸蛋白Tannalbin药用炭Medicalcharchol泻药Laxatives硫酸镁Magnesiumsulfate乳果糖Lactulose酚酞Phenolphthalein液状石蜡Liquidparaffin甘油Glycerol冬第三周词汇能量代谢　Energymetabolism间接测热法　Indirectcalorimetry食物的卡价　Caloricvalue食物的氧热价　Thermalequivalentofoxygen呼吸商　Respiratoryquotient(RQ)非蛋白呼吸商　Non-proteinRespiratoryquotient(NPRQ)基础代谢率　Basalmetabolicrate(BMR)深部温度　Coretemperature表层温度　Shelltemperature体温　Bodytemperature视前区-下丘脑前部　Preopticanteriorhypothalamus(PO/AH)冷敏神经元　Cold-sensitiveneuron热敏神经元　Warm-sensitiveneuron调定点　Setpoint发热　fever过热　hyperthermia发热激活物　pyrogenicactivator内生致热原　endogenouspyrogen,EP内生致冷原　endogenouscryogen本胆烷醇酮　etiocholanolone精氨酸加压素　argininevasopressin,AVP高温稽留期　fastigium冬第四周词汇泌尿系统urinarysystem肾kidney肾门renalhilum肾盂renalpelvis输尿管ureter膀胱urinarybladder膀胱三角trigoneofbladder尿道urethra肾单位nephron足细胞potocyte滤过屏障filtrationbarrier肾小体renalcorpuscle肾小管renaltubule球旁复合体juxtaglomerularcomplex肾素renin间质细胞interstitialcell第五周词汇排泄Excretion髓袢LoopofHenle肾小球Glomerulus近球小体Juxtaglomerularapparatus直小血管Vasarecta致密斑Maculadensa窗孔Fenestration裂孔膜Filtrationslitmembrane肾小球滤过率Glomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)滤过分数Filtrationfraction有效滤过压Effectivefiltrationpressure水利尿Waterdiuresis渗透性利尿Osmoticdiuresis重吸收Reabsorptionn分泌Secretion同向转运Cotransport逆向转运Antiport原发性主动转运Primaryactivetransport继发性主动转运Secondaryactivetransport管-球反馈Tubuloglomerularfeedback球-管平衡Glomerulotubularbalance肾素Renin血管紧张素Angiotensin醛固酮Aldosterone抗利尿激素Antidiuretichormone(ADH)尿崩症Diabetesinsipidus促红细胞生成素Erythropoietin(EPO)清除率Clearance排尿Micturition冬第六周词汇肾小球肾炎　glomerulonephritis弥漫性肾小球肾炎diffuseglomerulonephritis局灶性肾小球肾炎focalglomerulonephritis急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎　acutediffuseproliferativeglomerulonephritis急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎　acutepoststreptococcalglomerulonehrtis急性肾炎综合征acutenephriticsyndrome新月体性肾小球肾炎crescenticglomerulonephritis快速进行性肾小球肾炎　rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis快速进行性肾炎综合征　rapidlyprogressivenephriticsyndrome膜性肾小球肾炎　membranousglmerulonephritis肾病综合征　nephroticsyndrome血管间质毛细血管性肾小球肾炎　mesangiocapillaryglomerulonephritis膜性增生性肾小球肾炎　membranoproliferativeglomerulonephritis轻微病变性肾小球肾炎　minimalchangeglomerulonephritis脂性肾病　lipoidnephrosis慢性肾小球肾炎chronicglomerulonephritis慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎　chronicsclerosingglomerulonephritis慢性肾炎综合征　chronicnephriticsyndrome颗粒状固缩肾granularcontractedkidney尿毒症　uremia肾盂肾炎　pyelonephritis急性肾盂肾炎　acutepyelonephritis慢性肾盂肾炎　chronicpyelonephritis冬第七周词汇肾功能不全　renalInsufficiency急性肾功能衰竭　acuterenalfailure急性肾小管坏死　acutetubularnecrosis氮质血症　azotemia慢性肾功能衰竭　chronicrenalfailure矫枉失衡假说　tradeoffhypothesis健存肾单位假Intactnephronhypothesis肾小球过度滤过假说　glomerularhyperfiltrationhypothesis肾性骨营养不良　renalosteodystrophy尿毒症　uremia少尿　Oliguria夜尿　Nocturia多尿　Polyuria肾性高血压　renalhypertension肾性佝偻病　renalrickets肾性贫血　renalanemia冬第八周词汇利尿药Diuretics脱水药Dehydrantdrugs袢利尿药Loopdiuretics噻嗪类利尿药Thiazidediuretics保钾利尿药K+-sparingdiuretics呋塞米Furosemide依他尼酸Etacrynicacid布美他尼Bumetanide氢氯噻嗪Hydrochlorothiazide氯噻酮Chlortalidone安体舒通(螺内酯)Spironolactone氨苯喋啶Triamterene阿米洛利Amiloride甘露醇Mannitol山梨醇Sorbitol高渗葡萄糖Hypertonicglucose