室内设计理论 6页

InteriordesigntheoriesThemoderninteriordesignisanewlyarisenacademics,thoughreturnjustthebusinessforfewdecades,butpeoplehaveconsciouslytooneselfliving,productionofindoorcarryonarrangementtosetout,evenbeautifyadornment,giveanindoorenvironmenttomaketheQiofatmosphere,alreadythecivilizationYistartsfromthemankindoftheperiodexisted.A,thelocalinteriordesigndevelopThesquare,circularofhalfascentvillageinprimitivesocietyXianlivesspace,havealreadyconsideredthatpresstheusageneedwillindoormaketoboxoff,makeentranceandthepositiondecorationoffireKangreasonable.ThesquarelivesthefireKangarrangementofthespaceneardoortohaveintotheshallowslotofbreezeandthecircularlivesspaceentrancetwosidesandalsoestablishtohaveleadingcurrentofairtheshortwallofthefunction.SpringautumnperiodthinkerLaoTzeputsforwardin《themoralsthrough》:"Digthedoorandwindowthinkroom,beittohaveno,thereisroomuse.Pasthaveittothinkbenefit,havenoitthinktouse."Theimagevividlydiscussedto"have"with"haveno",roundtoprotectwithspaceofdialecticalrelation,alsohintedindoorspaceofroundtomatch,organizationandexploitationbethecoreproblemswhichconstructsaninteriordesign.Inthemeantime,fromLaoTzesimpledialecticsthoughttosee,"have"and"haveno",isalsomutuallydependonsave,indivisibilitygroundtreatof.Interiordesignandbuildingdecoratecloselythecontacttogetherandfromtimeimmemorialconstructsanusageofdecoratethelinekind,isalsoexplaintheneedofpeopletothelivingenvironment,spiritfunction.Theculturalheritageininthepast《testworktorecord》,《Zithepersonspread》,《theconstructionbeFrench》andaccount《parkYe》medium,allhaveacontentsofinvolvetheinteriordesign.ManchudynastypersonLiWengLi3Yu2toourcountrytraditionbuildingconceiveoutlineofinteriordesignpurpose,toindoorrepairofmainthemeandwayofdoing,thereisextremelydeepviews.Li3Yu2'streatiseinparticularlytheZhao《aspeechlivingquartersmachineplaythedepartment》ofthelivingquartersarticle:"Beforecoveringlivingquarters,theexpensiveJingisn'texpensiveandbeautiful,expensiveandunusualgreatlygraceful,notexpensiveanddelicateandlousyMan","windowLingwithcleardeeplyisfirst,railingwithlovelyislord,howeverthisallbelongstothesecondrighteousness,itvalue～first,innonewordofhard,hardandthentalkaboutworkZhuo",tointeriordesignwithrepairofconceiveoutlineapurposeisoriginaltoopenupwithJingofviews.Ourcountryeachkindofpeoplereside,suchasPekingoffourmatch"1print",Taiclanofthemountainouscountryresidence,Yunnanofhospital,SichuanofdryLantyperesidenceandtheinsideofShanghailanebuildingetc.,inthebodynowregioncultureofthebuildingbodyandindoorspaceorganizeandisconstructsuchasdecorativedesignandcreationetc.inmanywaysandallhavetoextremelyandpreciouslycanbeprovidedastheresultthatwedrawlessonsfrom.Two,theforeigninteriordesigndevelopPutonanashwalltoupdrawcolorfulShutokeepgrainintheruinsofancientEgyptiannobilitymansionbeforeA.D.,spreadagrassweavethingontheground,haveeachkindoffurnitureandhomearticles.AncientEgyptiancardNagramofreceiveabsolutebeingZhou,carvebeforetheZhouandtheadornmentlineofthestonepillarintheZhouthekindbeallextremelyelegant,theabsolutebeingZhoulargestonepillarsinsidethebigpillarhallandextremelysuppressofspaceinsidethehall,isexactlymatchancientEgyptianabsolutebeingZhouneedofthesevereandmysteriousindooratmospherebewhatthespiritfunctionofabsolutebeingZhouneed.AncientGreeceandRomehavealreadydeveloppedveryhighlevelintheaspectsofconstructinganartwithindoorlydecorate.TheancientGreeceAthensWeicityPaliftsLongabsolutebeingthepillargalleryoftheZhou,thereisthefunctionthattheindooroutsidespacetransferandwithmeticulouscareweighofthereasonableusageofdimensions,comparisonandstonematerialfunction,becamethecomposingsystemofbeam,pillar,Fangwithhaveeachkindofpillartypeofcharacter.IntheruinsofancienthugeshellcityinRome,thewallthatisfromthenobilitymansionindoorwallnoodlesdecoration,spreadthemarblegroundofground,andthefurniture,lampsandlaterns...etc.processedthefinedegreeofcreationtosee,thethenindoordecoratehavebeenverymature.TenthousandabsolutebeingZhouindoorhighKuangsintheRomeof,havethearchformofpublicpartycharacteristicspace,isapublicbuildingnowadaysinsidethecourtestablishestheearliestprototype.TheBaoHaoSischoolofthoughtforestablishinGermanyin1919,abandonalockstep,initiatevaluefunction,pushforwardtheusageofmoderncrafttechniqueandnewmaterial,atthebuildingandtheinteriordesign,putforwardwithindustrialsocietymutuallyadaptofnewideas.ThegenesespersonalityoftheBaoHaoSischoolofthoughttheskinblackSionceputforwardatthattime:"Wearebeplacedinalivingcatastrophicperiod.Theoldsocietyfellinpiecesundertheimpactofmachine,latelysocialjustintheformation.Inourdesignswork,itisnimportanttoistoconstantlydevelop,alongwithlifeofvarietybutchangeperformanceway……."Spacein20'stheskinblackSidesignofistheBaoHaoSischoolhousewithairtightSi?Any?Virtuous?Baofdesignfillthatexhibitionsbethetypicalmodelsolidexampleofallabove-mentionednewideasesesThree,currentourcountryinteriordesignandconstructtheadornmentshouldnoticeofproblemTheourcountrycurrentinteriordesignandbuildingdecorate,therearealsosomeremarkableproblemsandneedustohardtreat.Thelordis:1,theenvironmentbewholetorealizewithbuildingfunctionweakTothecharacteristicsdesignedtheoutsideintheindoorspaceenvironment,considertotheusagefunction,typepersonalityofplacebuildingnotenough,easilytreatinteriordesignisolationground,closingground.2,havetoneglecttotheinteriordesignofagreatdealofsex,productionbuildingDesignatpresentandworker,totourguesthouse,largemarket,deluxerestaurantetc.ofinteriordesigncomparisonvalue,relativelytoagreatdealofsexbuildingwhichinvolvesamostpeopleusagesuchasschool,kid'spark,clinic,communitylifeservicefacilitiesetc.ofinteriordesignvalueresearchnotenough,alsohastoneglecttotheinteriordesignofofficersandworkerscollectivedormitory,agreatdealofsexresidenceandeachkindofproductionbuilding.3,notenoughtoproblemattentions,suchastechnique,economy,managementandlaws...etc.Moderninteriordesignandstructure,structure,equipmentsmaterial,constructionthecraft'setc.'stechniquefactorcombineveryclose,scienceandtechnologyofthecontentincreasesdaybydayGao,designthenecessarybuildingartcultivate,besideswhich,havetoalsohardstudyandunderstandthetechniquethatthemodernbuildingrepairtohaverelationwithcraftetc.acontents;Shouldstrengthenaninteriordesigntohavesomethingtodowithconstructdecoratewinlawsinthemeantimeofperfectwithperformance,suchasengineeringitemmanagementmethod,contractmethod,recruittobidtheepidemicprevention,environmentalprotection,engineeringsuperintendencyofmethodandfirefight,hygiene,designsettlesumindexsignetc.eachitemimplementconcerninglawsandprovision.4,shouldstrengthenthefrontierspiritofinteriordesignnTheinteriordesignsurelycandrawlessonsfromadomesticandinternationaltraditionwithhavealreadyhadadesignresultnowadays,butshouldn'tbeasimple"copy",orregardlessofenvironmentandbuildingtypepersonalityof"thesetuse",themoderninteriordesignshouldinitiateinnovationofcombinethetimespirit.BEanattheendofthiscenturyeconomy,information,scienceandtechnology,culturaletc.theperiodoftheeveryone'snoodlesallhigh-speeddevelopment,peoplecontinuouslyputforwardanewrequesttothesocialphysicallifeandthespirituallifeandcorrespondagroundofpeopletotheoneselftheproductionofplace,lifemovableenvironmentofquality,havetowillalsoputforwardhigherrequest,howcreatesafety,health,apply,beauty,cansatisfymodernindoorcomprehensiverequest,havetheindoorenvironmentofculturalcontent,thisregulationandmanyproblemswhichneedsusfromthefulfillmentthetheorieshardstudy,delveintowithinvestigatethisnewlyarisenacademics.室内设计理论现代室内设计作为一门新兴的学科，尽管还只是近数十年的事，但是人们有意识地对自己生活、生产活动的室内进行安排布置，甚至美化装饰，赋予室内环境以所祈使的气氛，却早已从人类文明伊始的时期就存在了。一、国内室内设计的发展　　原始社会西安半坡村的方形、圆形居住空间，已考虑按使用需要将室内作出分隔，使入口和火炕的位置布置合理。方形居住空间近门的火炕安排有进风的浅槽，圆形居住空间入口处两侧，也设置起引导气流作用的短墙。春秋时期思想家老子在《道德经》中提出：“凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用。故有之以为利，无之以为用。”形象生动地论述了“有”与“无”、围护与空间的辩证关系，也提示了室内空间的围合、组织和利用是建筑室内设计的核心问题。同时，从老子朴素的辩证法思想来看，“有”与“无”，也是相互依存，不可分割地对待的。室内设计与建筑装饰紧密地联系在一起，自古以来建筑装饰纹样的运用，也正说明人们对生活环境、精神功能方面的需求。在历代的文献《考工记》、《梓人传》、《营造法式》以及计成的《园冶》中，均有涉及室内设计的内容。n清代名人笠翁李渔对我国传统建筑室内设计的构思立意，对室内装修的要领和做法，有极为深刻的见解。在专著《一家言居室器玩部》的居室篇中李渔论述：“盖居室之前，贵精不贵丽，贵新奇大雅，不贵纤巧烂漫”，“窗棂以明透为先，栏杆以玲珑为主，然此皆属第二义，其首重者，止在一字之坚，坚而后论工拙”，对室内设计和装修的构思立意有独到和精辟的见解。我国各类民居，如北京的四合院、四川的山地住宅、云南的“一颗印”、傣族的干阑式住宅以及上海的里弄建筑等，在体现地域文化的建筑形体和室内空间组织、在建筑装饰的设计与制作等许多方面，都有极为宝贵的可供我们借鉴的成果。二、国外室内设计的发展公元前古埃及贵族宅邸的遗址中，抹灰墙上绘有彩色竖直条纹，地上铺有草编织物，配有各类家具和生活用品。古埃及卡纳克的阿蒙神宙，宙前雕塑及宙内石柱的装饰纹样均极为精美，神宙大柱厅内硕大的石柱群和极为压抑的厅内空间，正是符合古埃及神宙所需的森严神秘的室内氛围，是神宙的精神功能所需要的。古希腊和罗马在建筑艺术和室内装饰方面已发展到很高的水平。古希腊雅典卫城帕提隆神宙的柱廊，起到室内外空间过渡的作用，精心推敲的尺度、比例和石材性能的合理运用，形成了梁、柱、枋的构成体系和具有个性的各类柱式。古罗马庞贝城的遗址中，从贵族宅邸室内墙面的壁饰，铺地的大理石地面，以及家具、灯饰等加工制作的精细程度来看，当时的室内装饰已相当成熟。罗马万神宙室内高旷的、具有公众聚会特征的拱形空间，是当今公共建筑内中庭设置最早的原型。1919年在德国创建的鲍豪斯学派，摒弃因循守旧，倡导重视功能，推进现代工艺技术和新型材料的运用，在建筑和室内设计方面，提出与工业社会相适应的新观念。鲍豪斯学派的创始人格罗皮乌斯当时就曾提出：“我们正处在一个生活大变动的时期。旧社会在机器的冲击之下破碎了，新社会正在形成之中。在我们的设计工作里，重要的是不断地发展，随着生活的变化而改变表现方式……。”20年代格罗皮乌斯设计的鲍豪斯校舍和密斯·凡·德·罗设计的巴塞罗那展览馆都是上述新观念的典型实例三、当前我国室内设计和建筑装饰应注意的问题我国当前的室内设计和建筑装饰，尚有一些值得注意的问题，需要我们认真对待。主是：1、环境整体和建筑功能意识薄弱对所设计室内空间内外环境的特点，对所在建筑的使用功能、类型性格考虑不够，容易把室内设计孤立地、封闭地对待。2、对大量性、生产性建筑的室内设计有所忽视当前设计者和施工人员，对旅游宾馆、大型商场、高级餐厅等的室内设计比较重视，相对地对涉及大多数人使用的大量性建筑如学校、幼儿园、诊所、社区生活服务设施等的室内设计重视研究不够，对职工集体宿舍、大量性住宅以及各类生产性建筑的室内设计也有所忽视。3、对技术、经济、管理、法规等问题注意不够n现代室内设计与结构、构造、设备材料、施工工艺等技术因素结合非常紧密，科技的含量日益增高，设计者除了应有必要的建筑艺术修养外，还必须认真学习和了解现代建筑装修的技术与工艺等有关内容；同时，应加强室内设计与建筑装饰中有关法规的完善与执行，如工程项目管理法、合同法、招投标法以及消防、卫生防疫、环保、工程监理、设计定额指标等各项有关法规和规定的实施。　　4、应增强室内设计的创新精神　　室内设计固然可以借鉴国内外传统和当今已有设计成果，但不应是简单的“抄袭”，或不顾环境和建筑类型性格的“套用”，现代室内设计理应倡导结合时代精神的创新。本世纪末，是一个经济、信息、科技、文化等各方面都高速发展的时期，人们对社会的物质生活和精神生活不断提出新的要求，相应地人们对自身所处的生产、生活活动环境的质量，也必须将提出更高的要求，怎样才能创造出安全、健康、适用、美观、能满足现代室内综合要求、具有文化内涵的室内环境，这就需要我们从实践到理论认真学习、钻研和探索这一新兴学科中的规律性和许多问题。班级：05建装2班姓名：李虎学号：27号