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竹壁堰水库工程特性表序号指标名称单位原设计加固前加固后备注一水文 1控制集雨面积km20.30.30.3 2干流长度km0.850.850.85 3干流平均坡降‰62.162.162.1 二水库 1水库水位 1)校核洪水位m89.1089.1088.98P=0.33%2)设计洪水位m88.8088.8088.75P=3.33%3)正常蓄水位m88.4088.488.4 4)死水位m80.580.580.5 2库容 1)总库容104m352.252.252.2 2)兴利库容104m343.843.843.8 3)正常库容104m344.244.244.2 4)死库容104m30.40.40.4 三洪水 1)设计洪峰流量m3/s3.323.323.32 2)设计下泄流量m3/s0.370.370.37 3)校核洪峰流量m3/s4.784.784.78 4)校核下泄流量m3/s0.650.650.65 四坝 1)型式 均质土坝均质土坝均质土坝坝 2)坝顶高程m90.1390.1390.50 3)最大坝高m121212.37 4)坝顶宽m555 5)坝顶轴线长m878787 五泄水建筑物 1溢洪道 1)堰顶高程m88.4088.4088.40 2)型式 宽顶堰宽顶堰宽顶堰 3)溢流堰宽度m1.21.21.2 instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n序号指标名称单位原设计加固前加固后备注4)消能方式 消力池 5)设计溢流流量m3/s0.370.370.37 6)校核溢流流量m3/s0.650.650.65六输水建筑物 涵管 拆除重建1)型式 砼圆管砼圆管箱涵卧管放水2)进口底板高程m80.5080.5080.50 3)出口底板高程m80.2080.2080.20 4)断面尺寸m直径0.5m直径0.5m0.8*1.2 5)涵洞长度m373740 6)设计流量m3/s0.20.20.2 七工程效益 1灌溉面积亩150015001500 2保护人口人80080080080800 3距主要乡镇km距津市25km4距交通干线km距棠棠公路1.0km instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n1综合说明1.1工程概况竹壁堰水库是一座以灌溉为主,兼顾防洪、养殖等综合利用的小(2)型水库,库址座落在津市市棠华乡黄金村境内,地理位置东经111°48′38″,北纬北纬29°21′58″,该库于1960年9月动工,1960年12月竣工。大坝防洪标准为:设计洪水30年一遇,校核洪水300年一遇。库区位于山区,植被覆盖良好。集雨面积0.3Km2,坝址以上干流长0.85km,干流平均坡降62.1‰。多年平均降水量1274mm。总库容52.2万m3,正常库容44.2万m3,死库容0.4万m3;校核洪水位(P=0.33%)89.10m,设计洪水位(P=3.33%)88.80m,正常蓄水位88.40m,死水位80.50m。该水库是以农田灌溉为主,兼有防洪、养殖任务等综合性小(II)型水库。枢纽工程由大坝、溢洪道和灌溉放水涵组成。大坝坝型为均质土坝,最大坝高为12.0m,坝顶高程为90.13m,坝顶长度87m,坝顶宽度5.0m,坝基防渗型式为截水槽。内坡坡比为1:1.75,外坡有两级平台,自上而下坡比分别为1:0.7、1:1.85、1:0.45。溢洪道位于大坝右岸,为开敞式宽顶堰,堰顶高程为88.40m,堰顶宽1.5m,未护砌,最大下泄流量0.65m3/s。放水洞型式为砼圆涵,断面尺寸ф500mm,进口底高程80.50m,最大放水流量0.2m3/s。工程效益有效灌溉面积1500亩。该水库修建以来主要存在大坝单薄,外坡脚渗漏严重(在北端大坝与山体结合部位更为严重)。2003年冬对以上渗漏部位采用1:2:4三合泥进行处理,但没有达到理想效果。目前该水库存在的主要问题有:instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n1)大坝大坝单薄,外坡脚渗漏严重,尤其是北端大坝与山体结合部位渗漏更严重;2)溢洪道是土渠,过水断面不够,汛期出现塌方堵塞;3)输水洞瓦管现已老化,漏水严重;4)出口渠道没有衬砌,渗漏严重;1.2水文1.2.1工程等级及洪水标准竹壁堰水库为小(二)型水库,根据GB50201-94《防洪标准》及SL252-2000《水利水电工程等级划分及洪水标准》的规定,工程等别属Ⅴ等工程,主要建筑物级别为5级,次要建筑物级别为5级。《竹壁堰水库大坝安全认定报告书》中采用的洪水标准为:设计洪水标准30年一遇,校核洪水标准300年一遇,溢洪道消能防冲标准10年一遇。此标准符合规范要求,本次仍采用上述标准进行复核。1.2.2洪水计算竹壁堰水库无实测降雨和流量资料,本设计利用《湖南省暴雨洪水查算手册》计算设计洪水。经计算,竹壁堰水库30年一遇设计洪水最大入库流量为3.32m3/s,300年一遇校核洪水最大入库流量为4.78m3/s。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n1.2.3调洪演算根据竹壁堰水库的设计洪水过程线、库容曲线和除险加固后的溢洪道特性进行调洪演算。起调水位为水库的正常蓄水位88.40m,起调库容为正常库容44.2万m3,采用水量平衡法求得竹壁堰水库在设计和校核洪水时的库水位及下泄流量。竹壁堰水库调洪演算成果表洪水频率P(%)洪峰流量(m3/s)洪水位(m)相应库容V(万m3)下泄流量q(m3/s)0.334.7888.9850.760.653.333.3288.7548.080.371.2.4水库抗洪能力的复核根据坝址处的水文气象条件和水库特征值,采用官厅水库公式计算波浪爬高和风浪雍高并及入安全超高后,竹壁堰水库大坝的最低高程应不低于89.85m,大坝整治后高程90.50m满足要求。溢洪道控制段的顶部高程不得低于校核洪水位加安全超高,为89.85m,重新修建的溢洪道控制段导墙顶高程为90.50m,满足规范要求。1.3工程地质1.3.1地形地貌instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n竹壁堰水库位于澧水尾闾右岸的丘陵区,大坝及库区周边最高点高程在140m左右,最低点位于坝体下游,地面高程75m左右,山体呈长形山体或浑圆状山包,坡度10~30°左右,坝体两侧山坡较陡,约45°左右,呈”U”字型南北向展布,沟谷宽100~200m,地形较平坦,沟谷为水田,山坡部分为旱地,水系不发育,自然状态下岸坡稳定状态较好。1.3.2地层岩性根据实地地质调查及钻孔揭露,库坝区分布的地层有第四系人工填筑土(QS)残积层及冲积层(Qal),寒武系下统牛蹄塘组(∈1n),现从新至老分述如下:(1)坝体人工填筑土(QS)本层土主要为人工填筑土,为暗黄色、紫黄色、绿黄色含砾粉质粘土,砾石含量20%左右,厚度0~12m。(2)残积层及冲积层(Qal)本层分布在库区、坝区内外,残积层分布在坝址两侧山坡,冲积层分布在库区及沟底较平区,根据钻探资料及实地观测,厚度1~5m。(3)寒武系下统牛蹄塘组本层岩石只在坝体两侧很小范围内出露,系由人工将覆盖层剥去或库水冲刷而出露地面,为灰黄色、灰黑色、紫红色薄-中层状板岩,较致密,中等风化到较强风化,风化后呈灰白色,较软,呈片状,岩层呈单一倾向岩层,倾向ES80-100°,倾角60°左右,根据资料,本层厚度大于200m。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n分布于库区及坝体上下游。为深灰色、灰黑色含砾粉质粘土,呈可塑状,根据附近资料显示,厚度右达10-30m。1.3.3地质构造和地震区内属于华夏系武陵山余脉向洞庭湖沉降带过度地带,第四系以来地层活动较频繁,洞庭湖沉降带第三纪-第四纪沉降区近代仍在下降。该区有一系列隐伏的区域断裂,有的近期仍在活动,烽火山断层,大致走向为N65°W;烽火山-拱背桥断层大致沿N30°E展布;两断层距离水库约10km。另外南部有毛里湖断层分布,被第四系覆盖层覆盖。根据1:400万《中国地震动峰值加速度区划图》(GB18306-2001)和《中国地震反应谱特征周期区划图》,本工程区地震动峰值加速度为0.05g,地震动反应谱特征周期为0.35s,对应地震基本烈度为Ⅶ级。1.3.4水文地质坝区地下水类型分为冲积层松散土体孔隙水与基岩孔隙裂隙水。松散土体的孔隙水主要赋存于第四系人工堆积土层中及冲残积层土体中,主要补给源为大气降水与库水补给。勘探期间坝体地下水埋深6.5m左右,低于库水位3m左右,此类水随季节变化而变化。根据工程区附近资料,地下水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca-Mg型,PH值7.6-8.2,附近无污染源,地表水、地下水对砼无腐蚀性。1.3.5天然建筑材料instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n竹壁堰水库除险加固所需天然建筑材料主要为土料、块石料、砂、砾石。土料场位于大坝左侧坝体外侧的山坡边及下游,在此取土,一是运距近,在1km以内,二是土质较好。工程所需块石料、砂砾石料均要外地购置,块石可到津市新洲镇块石料场购买,运距约35km,砂、砾石主要从岳阳、汩罗船运至料场,运输方便,运距25km。其材质能满足工程建设需要。1.3.6坝基、坝肩工程地质条件评价根据现场实地勘查与钻探,坝基主要为厚度1~6.7m厚的高液限粉土,室内土工试验结果表明:天然含水量34.6-28.1,均值为31.4;干密度1.52-1.37g/cm3,均值为1.44g/cm3;孔隙比0.787-0.997,均值为0.91;上述指标表明:此层土具高压缩性,结构中密,含水量差异大,干密度偏低,透水率8.6×10-5,通过以上情况分析,坝基土属弱透水层。坝肩两侧为较强风化的板岩,较破碎,层理,节理发育,压水试验透水率(Lu)大于10,属较强透水层,厚度大于5m,但基岩上面覆盖有一层1~6.7m厚的弱透水层,只要不破坏该层,通过基岩渗漏的可能性较小,但在坝体两侧的坝肩部位覆盖层相对薄一点,易形成绕坝渗漏和接触面渗漏。1.3.7溢洪道工程地质条件评价instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n溢洪道位于坝体右侧,由山体开凿而成,岩土层为残积层,没有进行任何防渗加固处理,就是一条土渠,因而形状极不规则,冲坑,冲槽到处可见,加上过水断面不够,汛期还经常出现垮塌而堵塞溢洪道,对大坝造成严重威胁,工程地质条件较差,一是土体不密实,二是土质差,因而造成险象。1.3.8输水涵洞工程地质条件评价输水涵管是座落在人工回填土体中,由于施工中未对地基进行任何加固与防渗处理,且为φ0.5m的钢筋砼,导致涵管沉陷不均,部分破损,造成渗漏,渗漏时还带出坝体中的细颗粒,造成坝体外部变形、渗漏。输水涵管渗漏的主要原因:①坝体内的散浸水向管内渗入;②管身与人工填土接触面未进行防渗,库水和坝体内水沿刚性界面渗入管内。1.3.9结论及建议结论:(1)场地地震基本烈度值为Ⅶ度,设计施工中必须按Ⅶ度对大坝和建筑物进行抗震复核。(2)库、坝区属丘陵地貌单元,坝区无断层通过。地下水为松散层的孔隙水与基岩裂隙孔隙水,且附近无污染源,地下水对砼无腐蚀性。(3)坝体的填筑土料和施工质量较差,坝体渗漏严重,防渗性能差,达不到防渗指标要求,坝体存在散浸问题。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n(4)坝体与坝基在施工中清淤不彻底,没有进行完全清除与防渗处理,存在渗透问题。(5)溢洪道未进行加固防渗处理,造成损坏严重,可造成冲毁。(6)输水涵管破坏严重,造成管身破裂,漏水严重危及坝体。(7)绕坝渗漏较严重。工程处理措施建议:(1)对大坝坝体和坝基进行防渗处理,基岩部分的防渗处理应深入至弱透水带。坝肩部位的防渗处理应向山体伸入30~50m,加密钻孔。(2)溢洪道部分应进行砼或浆砌石处理,底板和侧墙应进行防渗,加固处理。(3)输水涵管翻修重建,建议为钢筋砼涵管。(4)整修加固坝体,使其外观成型。(5)坝体迎水面进行砼护坡,背水面采用生物护坡。(6)新建排水棱体。(7)坝区迎水面两侧沿山体100m应进行防渗铺盖,建议用粘土铺盖,厚度不小于1m。1.4除险加固设计1.4.1设计依据、原则和任务除险加固设计的主要依据是竹壁堰水库大坝安全评价报告、安全认定报告、安全核查报告等前期工作结论和国家现行的规程规范。设计的主要原则是:instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n尽量不增加坝高,不大削大填现有坝坡,通过坝基和坝身防渗进一步增加大坝的稳定性。不降低溢洪道现有的泄洪能力,通过续建加固等措施进一步提高其泄流量,护砌加固溢洪道提高其运行的可靠程度。尽量减少穿坝建筑物(涵管)的数量,新建或改建的涵管、隧洞等地下建筑物的横断面尺寸要能满足进人检查、维修的要求。所有建筑物尽量满足运行可靠、经久耐用、管理简单、维修方便的要求。工程设计的主要任务是彻底消除工程隐患,完善各项工程设施,恢复并长期保持水库的各项功能,充分发挥水库的社会和经济效益。1.4.2大坝防渗加固设计采用冲抓套井回填粘土的办法解决渗漏问题,在坝顶布置1排套井,直线错位相套,开孔直径1.1m,孔距0.78m,终孔深度至基岩以下1m。死水位以下采用抛石压脚;死水位至正常蓄水位的上游坝坡采用预制混凝土六方块护,先削高填低、平整夯实,再铺0.1m的砂石垫层,护砌后的上游坝坡为1:1.7。正常蓄水位以上至坝顶高程采用草皮护坡。下游坝坡与两边山体接触处设排水沟,坝坡设有上坝踏步,坝脚设贴坡排水棱体,坡面采用草皮护坡。坝顶设置泥结石硬化,宽5m,厚0.2m,下设0.2m厚砂砾石垫层,两侧设C20混凝土路缘石。1.4.3溢洪道设计溢洪道由进口段、控制段、泄槽段和消能段组成。控制段进口底板高程85.50m,宽1.2m,长8.147m。泄槽段纵坡1:4.594;,长34.0m,消力池宽1.2m,深1.0m,长5.4m,底板高程81.00minstrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n。均采用钢筋混凝土,混凝土标号为C20,每10m设一条伸缩缝,沥青杉板嵌缝。1.4.4涵卧管设计涵管位于大坝右端,断面尺寸ф500mm,进口底板高程80.50m,用卧式启闭机闸门控制。目前涵管老化,漏水严重,影响大坝安全。输水设施改造可从两方面来考虑:一是废除现有输水设施,在大坝左岸坝体内新开一条涵洞;一是对现有输水设施进行加固。根据现有输水涵洞实际情况,涵洞存在问题较多,渗漏问题严重,如对其再进行处理加固,也不能从整体上保障其安全性。本次除险加固拟对原卧管及涵管拆除重建,重建卧管每1m高差设一放水孔,放水孔内径为0.3m,用铸铁翻盖闸门控制。重建涵管采用采用现浇净尺寸0.8m×1.2m(宽×高)钢筋混凝土涵管,涵管壁厚0.3m。1.5施工组织设计津市属中亚热带北缘内陆季风气候区。据津市、澧县、王家厂、莲花堰、东门等雨量站实测资料统计:全县多年平均降水量1330.9毫米,降水比较丰沛但时空分布不均匀,降雨多集中在汛期4~10月。多年平均气温为16.5℃,气温的年际变化不大,但年内气温变化较大,1月最低为4.2℃,7月最高。历年极端最高气温40.5℃(1972年8月27日),历年极端最低气温-13.5℃(1977年1月30日)。多年平均无霜期264天。多年平均风速2.3m/s,最大风速20.0m/s。大坝距津市县城25km,对外交通方便。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n土料场位于大坝左侧坝体外侧的山坡边及下游,在此取土,一是运距近,在1km以内,二是土质较好。土场厚度平均3.5m,面积1万m2左右,土料3.5万m3。料场内地形开阔、平坦,开采运输条件较好,按照均质土坝的质量要求对土料的有关指标进行对比评价,土中的粘粒含量较大和含水量偏小,渗透系数小,各项指标均符合要求。施工用电在附近农网搭接,施工用水直接用水泵从库内抽取,生活用水可利用附近居民的用水设施。最有利施工期为9月至次年3月完工。1.5.1施工组织管理工程施工实行项目法人制、招标投标制、建设监理制。选择施工机械设备先进、技术力量雄厚、有一定声誉、有类似工程经验的施工单位施工。1.5.2主体工程施工本水库枢纽除险加固工程主要施工项目为土方开挖、土方回填、冲抓回填、混凝土、砌石工程和钢筋制安等。1.5.3施工工厂设施instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n木料加工:主要制作模板,配有小圆锯2台,带锯机1台,压刨、平刨机各1台和圆锯盘修理间,占地80m2。钢材加工:主要制作钢筋等,占地为80m2,配有切断机,弯曲机和对焊机等。1.5.4施工总布置施工总布置的方案,遵循因地制宜,有利生产,方便生活,便于管理,安全经济的原则进行,主要考虑以下几个方面:根据各分项工程相互干扰因素较大,宜实行小范围、小规模联合作业的特点,生产生活设施分区结合布置。本工程主要辅助施工设施:砼拌和站,钢材加工厂,木材加工厂,仓库、施工机械停放场,保养场,土料,块石开采堆放以及供水供电设施和生活营区等。1.5.5施工总进度自第1年10月至第2年3月为主体工程施工期,在此期间需完成大坝防渗、大坝护坡、边坡处理、溢洪道整治等项目的施工。主体工程以大坝防渗处理施工为关键项目。工程形象进度分项目描述如下:大坝截渗墙施工从第1年10月上旬开始,12月底完成;大坝护坡从12月~3月上旬。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n溢洪道加固自第1年10月1日开工,3月20日完工。1.6工程管理1.6.1管理现状及存在问题水库在乡水管站的指导下由主要受益村负责管理,现有兼职管理人员2人,负责水库工程管理和维护,制定度汛方案和水库调度计划,进行水工水文观测,负责水库的灌溉和供水等管理工作。水库一直带病运行,工程效益未能很好发挥,生产、生活投入甚少,大坝等主体工程缺乏必要的观测设施,生活办公设施及交通通信设施不能满足工作需要,工程管理条件十分落后,急待改善。1.6.2管理机构竹壁堰水库工程一直没有建立完整的管理机构,除险加固达标后,必须尽快建立起完善的生产管理机构,以适应现代化生产建设管理的需要,发挥工程效益,维护工程安全。参照部颁《水利工程管理单位定岗标准(试点)》,结合水库生产管理、防洪抢险、后勤保障服务等实际情况,本着精简、高效的原则,完善管理机构。1.6.3管理范围instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n竹壁堰水库工程管理范围包括工程区和生产区,上游从坝轴线向上不少于100m,下游从坝脚线向下150m,大坝两端以建筑边缘向外延伸50m为界。库周边以正常高水位边线至第一道分水岭脊线之间的陆地为水库保护范围。1.6.4工程运用管理水库的运行管理要按照《中华人民共和国水法》、《中华人民共和国防洪法》、《水库大坝安全管理条例》和《湖南省河道管理条例》等法律法规进行,根据本工程实际制订规章制度。水库防汛服从上级主管部门和防汛调度部门统一指挥。要依法收取水费、积极开展多种经营,多方争取上级支持,保整水库正常运行所需费用落到实处。1.6.5建设期的管理体制及实施办法由县人民政府或委托水行政主管部门组建项目法人,实行项目法人负责制,工程施工采用公开招标的方式选择施工队伍,委托有资质的单位对工程建设进行全过程的监理,质量监督部门跟踪进行质量监督。其他各有关部门各司其职,各尽其责,确保工程顺利实施。施工期间水库管理单位参与工程质量检查、监督和竣工验收。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n1.7环境保护及水土保持1.7.1环境影响分析本次除险加固工程施工对环境的不利影响是小范围和短期的,而对环境的有利作用则是广泛的、持久的。工程对环境的不利影响主要由工程施工造成。包括取土扰动地表、破坏植被、废水废气排放、施工机械噪声污染等。通过采取措施完全可以将其影响降到最低限度。工程环境保护投资主要包括施工区环保投资、施工期环境监测费用和人群健康保护费等,计列5.53万元。1.7.2水土流失影响分析本工程施工项目主要有冲抓回填、帷幕灌浆、大坝护坡、混凝土浇筑、砌石、临时建筑物的修建等。工程实施将在小范围内扰动原地貌,损坏土地和植被,造成一定程度的水土流失。由于工程本身考虑了草皮护坡等有利于水土保持的工程措施,主体工程范围内不会造成大流失。对取土场等扰动地面幅度大地方拟采取建拦沙坝等措施防治,计列水土保持费8.30万元。1.8工程概算instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n工程总投资为354.93万元,其中:建筑工程投资231.21万元,机电设备及安装工程投资10.48万元,临时工程投资30.33万元,独立费用52.33万元,基本预备费16.25万元,水(环)保工程投资13.63万元。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n2水文2.1工程概况及气象情况竹壁堰水库位于棠华乡黄金村境内,大坝枢纽所在河流属澧水上游小支流,是一座以灌溉为主,兼有防洪、养殖等综合利用的小(二)型水利工程。坝址以上干流长度0.85km,控制集雨面积0.3km2,河道平均坡降62.1‰。库区内山高坡陡,植被较好,水土流失较轻,坝址以上无大、中型水利工程。津市属中亚热带北缘内陆季风气候区。据津市、澧县、王家厂、莲花堰、东门等雨量站实测资料统计:全县多年平均降水量1330.9毫米,降水比较丰沛但时空分布不均匀,降雨多集中在汛期4~10月。多年平均气温为16.5℃,气温的年际变化不大,但年内气温变化较大,1月最低为4.2℃,7月最高。历年极端最高气温40.5℃(1972年8月27日),历年极端最低气温-13.5℃(1977年1月30日)。多年平均无霜期264天。多年平均风速2.3m/s,最大风速20.0m/s。2.2工程等级及洪水标准竹壁堰水库为小(二)型水库,根据GB50201-94《防洪标准》及SL252-2000《水利水电工程等级划分及洪水标准》的规定,工程等别属Ⅴ等工程,主要建筑物级别为5级,次要建筑物级别为5级。《竹壁堰水库大坝安全认定报告书》中采用的洪水标准为:设计洪水标准30年一遇,校核洪水标准300年一遇,溢洪道消能防冲标准10年一遇instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n。此标准符合规范要求,本次仍采用上述标准进行复核。2.3洪水复核竹壁堰水库没有水文气象观测资料,本次洪水复核的洪水计算根据湖南省水利水电厅1984年编制的《湖南省暴雨查算手册》进行计算,以下简称《查算手册》。2.3.1设计暴雨竹壁堰水库控制流域面积F=0.3km2,河道长度L=0.85km,河道平均坡降J=62.1‰,竹壁堰水库属无实测暴雨资料工程,根据水库所在地理位置在《湖南省暴雨洪水查算手册(84版)》查得24小时点暴雨均值H24点=107mm、变差系数Cv=0.43、Cs/Cv=3.5。该查算暴雨成果经与邻近临澧县气象站实测暴雨统计成果对照,“手册”查算暴雨成果略大于气象站实测暴雨统计成果,本次设计暴雨成果直接采用“手册”查算成果。因该水库集雨面积仅0.3km2,故可视为设计点雨量已笼罩水库集雨面积,不必进行点面雨量的换算,将查算设计点雨量成果直接作为水库流域设计面暴雨量计算。利用《湖南省暴雨洪水查算手册(84版)》,水库位于暴雨径流一致区第6区,产流分区第2区,初损值I0=27mm,流域植被情况较好,R上/R总的比例系数ψ值不同频率下分别取0.75、0.7、0.7,计算参数及计算成果详见表2.3-1。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n表2.3-1水库设计暴雨参数及成果表P(%)0.333.335备注Kp2.831.991.84F=0.3km2H24点(mm)303213197L=0.85kmH24面(mm)303213197J=0.0621n20.6130.6360.641=107mmn30.7350.7730.780Cv=0.43H1(mm)10581.076.2Cs=3.5CvH3(mm)160121113Io=27mmH6(mm)210156145α=1H12(mm)252182169R总(mm)276186170Ψ0.750.70.7R上(mm)2071301192.3.2用推理公式推求设计洪水a)产、汇流参数及设计洪水成果参照《湖南省暴雨洪水查算手册(84版)》,地面径流洪峰流量采用《手册》介绍的推理公式法中的试算法推求,地面径流过程用径流分配系数法推求,地下径流过程及峰值采用等腰三角形法推求,竹壁堰水库设计洪水参数及成果见表2.3-2,各频率设计洪水过程线如表2.3-3。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n表2.3-2水库设计洪水参数及成果表(推理公式法)P(%)0.333.335备注Q上m(m3/s)4.703.252.92F=0.3km2τ(h)1.661.821.87L=0.85kmΣQi(m3/s)17.210.99.9J=0.0621Q上m/∑Qi0.2730.3000.295θ=2.90Q下m(m3/s)0.410.330.30m=0.244△Q下m(m3/s)0.030.020.02W(万m3)8.35.65.1表2.3-3竹壁堰水库设计洪水过程线成果(推理公式法)(单位:m3/s)P(%)0.333.335P(%)0.333.335t(h)t(h)00.030.020.02140.380.310.2813.332.171.96150.350.280.2624.783.322.98160.320.260.2432.691.681.51170.290.240.2241.831.121.04180.260.210.1951.500.910.85190.230.190.1761.240.770.73200.210.170.1571.080.690.64210.180.140.1380.920.590.55220.150.120.1190.780.510.47230.120.090.09100.670.460.43240.090.070.06110.590.420.38250.060.050.04120.450.340.31260.030.020.02130.410.330.3027000各频率设计洪水过程线图如下图1。水库设计洪水计算成果汇总表见表2.3-4:instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n竹壁堰水库坝址设计洪水过程线图0.01.02.03.04.05.06.003691215182124时段T(h)流量Q(m3/s)图1P=0.33%P=3.33%P=5%表2.3-4竹壁堰水库设计洪水成果汇总表设计频率洪峰(m3/s)洪量W(万m3)P=0.33%4.788.3P=3.3%3.325.6P=5%2.985.12.3.3合理性分析本次水库坝址以上流域特征值在万分之一地形图上进行了复核量算,精度满足设计要求。设计暴雨成果进行了工程流域邻近的临澧县气象站、84版《手册》对比分析,从工程安全角度考虑选其大者——instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n采用84版《手册》查算暴雨成果。洪水计算过程中产、汇流参数是按《手册》中规定选取的。设计洪水计算成果经与周边下垫面情况基本相似水库设计洪水对照分析知:在同频率条件下,符合洪峰模数随流域面积增大而减小的一般规律,故可认为竹壁堰水库设计洪水的复核成果是合理的,可以作为调洪演算的依据。2.3.4施工期洪水竹壁堰水库流域9月份至第二年的3月份为枯水期,根据该工程工期安排,施工围堰期拟定为11月至次年的3月。依据SL252-2000《水利水电工程等级划分及洪水标准》和SL303-2004《水利水电工程施工组织设计规范》,施工分期洪水标准按5年一遇重现期确定。由于枯水期竹壁堰水库无任何实测水文资料,施工洪水计算选择临近流域类似工程已有分期洪水成果,按面积比的1次方移植到竹壁堰水库。经分析计算,求得竹壁堰水库11月至次年3月多年平均1日入库洪水总量0.72万m3,由此得出水库11月至次年3月期间5年一遇的洪水位为81.4m(起调水位为水库死水位80.5m,相应死库容0.4万m3)。表2.3-5分期洪水估算结果项目重现期11月至次年3月一日洪量5年一遇0.72万m3库水位(m)5年一遇81.4m说明1.起调水位为水库死水位80.5m,死库容0.4万m3。2.为安全起见,水位按洪水全部留在水库内考虑instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n2.4调洪演算2.4.1调洪演算的基本原则为了水库安全起见,根据竹壁堰的具体情况,调洪演算遵循以下三条原则:第一,除溢洪道以外,其它输水设施(如灌溉涵)均不参与泄洪;第二,起调水位(正常蓄水位88.40m)以上,以溢洪道的最大溢流能力泄洪。2.4.2调洪演算的基本方程调洪计算方法采用水量平衡法,即(Q1+Q2)×⊿t/2-(q1+q2)×⊿t/2=V2-V1;式中,Q1、Q2――时段⊿t始、末的入库流量,m3/s;q1、q2――时段⊿t始、末的出库流量,m3/s;V1、V2――时段⊿t始、末的水库蓄水量,m3;⊿t――计算时段,s;根据上述计算原则和水库起调水位,当库水位上升至超出堰顶高程88.4m时,水库开始自由泄流,水库水位逐步上涨,最终高度取决于入库洪水大小。2.4.3调洪演算的基本资料及来源⑴.入库流量过程线竹壁堰instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n水库没有进行入库流量观测,故入库流量过程线利用《查算手册》求得,详见2.3节。⑵.库容曲线和泄流曲线竹壁堰水库的库容曲线由水库管理所提供的实测资料整理而得。(竹壁堰水库水位~库容曲线图、表2.4-1)。表2.4-1竹壁堰水库水位库容曲线表水位(m)80.5828588.488.889.10库容(万m3)0.42.312.544.248.752.2竹壁堰水库库容曲线图80.082.084.086.088.090.00.005.0010.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.0050.0055.0060.00库容V(万m3)水位H(m)图2 ⑶.泄流曲线竹壁堰水库溢流堰的型式为宽顶堰,泄流量依照《溢洪道设计规范》推荐的公式()计算,其中B为堰宽(B=1.2m),是流量系数,H0是水头,结果见表2.4-2。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n表2.4-2竹壁堰水库溢洪道泄流曲线水位(m)88.4088.5088.7088.9089.1589.40水头(m)0.000.100.300.500.751.00流量(m3/s)00.060.320.671.201.79水位(m)89.6089.9090.2090.4090.9091.40水头(m)1.201.501.802.002.503.00流量(m3/s)2.303.083.874.405.706.88竹壁堰水库溢洪道泄流曲线图见图3:竹壁堰水库溢洪道泄流曲线图88.088.589.089.590.090.591.091.50.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.00库容V(万m3)水位H(m)图32.4.4调洪演算结果根据上面所述基础数据和调度方式,应用我院编制的水库洪水调节计算程序,对竹壁堰水库整治后情况进行了洪水调节计算,计算成果如下表2.4-3表2.4-3竹壁堰水库洪水调节计算成果表instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n项目单位频率(%)0.333.335洪峰流量m3/s4.783.322.98坝前最高水位m88.9888.7588.72相应最大库容万m350.7648.0847.82最大下泄流量m3/s0.650.370.33本次调洪演算成果设计洪水位、库容以及校核洪水位、总库容与原《竹壁堰水库大坝安全评价报告》中的结果比较接近,故可认为本次调洪计算成果是比较合理的。2.5水库抗洪能力的复核根据《水库大坝安全评价导则》(SL258-2000)的有关规定,抗洪能力复核主要是对水库大坝坝顶高程和溢洪道控制段顶部高程等挡水建筑物进行复核。2.5.1水库大坝顶部高程复核根据《碾压式土石坝设计规范》SL274-2001(以下简称《规范》),设有防浪墙的水库大坝的顶部不得低于不同运行情况下的静水位,防浪墙顶部的高程应等于水库不同运用情况下的静水位与相应的超高之和,静水位以上的超高参照《水利水电工程等级划分及洪水标准》SL252-2000执行,具体计算式如下:Z1≥Z0;Z2≥Z0+Rp+e+A。式中:Z1——水库大坝顶部高程(m);Z2——水库大坝防浪墙顶部高程(m);instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39nZ0——水库静水位(m);Rp——波浪爬高,;KP——系数,按《规范》附表A.1.13确定;Rm——波浪平均爬高,;——糙率渗透系数,按《规范》附表A.1.12-1确定;KW——经验系数,按《规范》附表A.1.12-2确定;hm——平均浪高(m),按莆田公式计算;W——计算风速,设计取1.5×20m/s,校核取20m/s;D——风区长度;Lm——平均波长(m),按莆田公式计算;m——坝坡系数;e——风壅水面高(m);A——安全超高,正常运用取0.50m,非常运用取0.30m。经计算,竹壁堰水库大坝顶部高程按《规范》要求不得小于89.85m,竹壁堰水库大坝现有高90.13m,满足《规范》要求。表2-7竹壁堰水库大坝顶部所需最低高程单位:m运用情况Z0RpeAZ正常运用88.980.3700.0070.589.85非常运用88.750.1650.0020.389.222.5.2溢洪道控制段顶部高程复核竹壁堰水库溢洪道无闸门控制,instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n根据《溢洪道设计规范》(SL253-2000)第2.3.7条规定,控制段的顶部高程不得低于校核洪水位加安全超高(竹壁堰水库可参照3级建筑物取0.3m)。因此,竹壁堰水库溢洪道控制段的顶部高程不得低于89.28(88.98+0.30)m。加固后溢洪道控制段挡墙顶部高程为90.50m,满足规范要求。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n3工程地质3.1概述竹壁堰水库是一座以灌溉为主,兼顾防洪、养殖等综合利用的小(2)型水库,库址座落在津市市棠华乡黄金村境内,地理位置东经111°48′38″,北纬29°21′58″,该库于1960年9月动工,1960年12月竣工。大坝控制集雨面积0.3平方公里,总库容52.2万立方米,大坝为均质土坝,坝顶高程90.13米,最大坝高12米,坝顶长度87米,坝顶宽度5米,坝内输水涵管为Ф0.5米瓦管,底板进口高程80.50米,闸门为卧式启闭机闸,溢洪道为土渠,进口底板高程为80.50米,堰顶宽度为2米。根据水库基本情况,按《水利水电工程等级划分及洪水标准》(SL252-2000)第3.1.2条,其洪水标准按《防洪标准》(GB50201-94)山丘区标准确定,本工程的工程等级为Ⅴ级。3.2地勘工作instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n大坝施工前未进行过任何地质勘察工作,也未见有施工地质记录。2011年2月,我院受津市水务局、棠华乡政府及乡水利水电管理站的委托,对大坝进行了初步设计阶段地质勘探工作。本次地质勘探工作依据《水库大坝安全评价导则》SL258-2000、《中小型水利水电工程地质勘察规范》(SL55-2005)和设计地勘任务书的要求进行,地勘工作主要采用地质测绘,现场调查、历史资料分析和钻孔勘探试验、室内原状土样试验等方法。本阶段地勘工作的主要任务是:初步查明坝区水文、工程地质条件;初步查明坝区与主要建筑物区的险情隐患,对存在的主要工程地质问题进行评价;对坝体填筑土料的质量、坝体及坝基岩土的渗透性进行评价,为大坝加固设计与综合评价提供符合工程实际的物理力学参数。地勘外业工作从2011年3月1日开始至2011年3月11日结束。其完成的勘察工作量见表3.1-1。表3.1-1水库大坝地质勘探工作量一览表序号工作内容单位数量备注11:1000坝址区地形测量km20.32坝址地质剖面图m/条126/23钻孔m/孔69.15/44水文地质压水试验段次/孔3/35注水试验段46稳定水位观测次/孔8/47取原状土样/试验土样组128坝址工程地质调查组/日3/19前期资料收集组/日3/110天然建筑材料调查点/处4/2instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n3.3区域地质概况3.3.1地形地貌竹壁堰水库位于澧水尾闾右岸的丘陵区,大坝及库区周边最高点高程在140m左右,最低点位于坝体下游,地面高程75m左右,山体呈长形山体或浑圆状山包,坡度10~30°左右,坝体两侧山坡较陡,约45°左右,呈”U”字型南北向展布,沟谷宽100~200m,地形较平坦,沟谷为水田,山坡部分为旱地。植被发育,以乔木为主,库区内为灌木林,植被覆盖率在90%以上,水系不发育,自然状态下岸坡稳定状态较好。3.3.2地层岩性根据实地地质调查及钻孔揭露,库坝区分布的地层有第四系人工填筑土(QS)残积层及冲积层(Qal),寒武系下统牛蹄塘组(∈1n),现从新至老分述如下:(1)坝体人工填筑土(QS)本层土主要为人工填筑土,为暗黄色、紫黄色、绿黄色含砾粉质粘土,砾石含量20%左右,厚度0~12m。(2)残积层及冲积层(Qal)本层分布在库区、坝区内外,残积层分布在坝址两侧山坡,冲积层分布在库区及沟底较平区,根据钻探资料及实地观测,厚度1~5m。呈可塑状,含风化砾石,含量约20%左右。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n(3)寒武系下统牛蹄塘组本层岩石只在坝体两侧很小范围内出露,系由人工将覆盖层剥去或库水冲刷而出露地面,为灰黄色、灰黑色、紫红色薄-中层状板岩,较致密,中等风化到较强风化,风化后呈灰白色,较软,呈片状,岩层呈单一倾向岩层,倾向ES80-100°,倾角60°左右,根据资料,本层厚度大于200m。3.3.3地质构造和地震区内属于华夏系武陵山余脉向洞庭湖沉降带过度地带,第四系以来地层活动较频繁,洞庭湖沉降带第三纪-第四纪沉降区近代仍在下降。该区有一系列隐伏的区域断裂,有的近期仍在活动,烽火山断层,大致走向为N65°W;烽火山-拱背桥断层大致沿N30°E展布;两断层距离水库约10km。另外南部有毛里湖断层分布,被第四系覆盖层覆盖。根据1:400万《中国地震动峰值加速度区划图》(GB18306-2001)和《中国地震反应谱特征周期区划图》,本工程区地震动峰值加速度为0.05g,地震动反应谱特征周期为0.35s,对应地震基本烈度为Ⅶ级。3.3.4水文地质(1)水文地质条件坝区地下水类型分为冲积层松散土体孔隙水与基岩孔隙裂隙水。松散土体的孔隙水主要赋存于第四系人工堆积土层中及冲残积层土体中,主要补给源为大气降水与库水补给。勘探期间坝体地下水埋深6.5m左右,低于库水位3m左右,此类水随季节变化而变化。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n地表水全部为大气降水,库坝区排水条件较好,降雨停而地表水由地面或土体中的孔隙排泄至小溪沟内。根据工程区附近资料,地下水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca-Mg型,PH值7.6-8.2,附近无污染源,地表水、地下水对砼无腐蚀性。(2)水文气象津市属中亚热带北缘内陆季风气候区。据津市、澧县、王家厂、莲花堰、闸口、洞市、张公庙、东门等雨量站38年(1956-1993年)资料分析,按多年平均降水等值线图,用面积加权法,量测出年平均降水量为1330.9毫米。多年平均气温为16.5℃,一月最低为4.2℃,七月最高为28.7℃。历年极端最高气温:40.5℃(1972年8月27日);历年极端最低气温:-13.5℃(1977年1月30日)。无霜期长,多年平均有264天。多年平均降雨日为142天。降水比较丰沛,但时空分布不均匀和水利工程布局的差异,水、旱灾时有发生。降水量最多的是1954年,全年降水2235.4毫米,1980年为1963毫米;降雨最少的是2005年875.7毫米;历年一日最大降水量为302毫米,1996年6月31日出现在澧县官垸乡。3.3.5不良地质条件根据野外现场勘查与钻探,存在的不良地质现象主要为:(1)基岩岩性较软,为较强风化,层理,节理发育,节理每米大于5条,风化深度大于5米,容易形成沿层理或节理渗漏,坝体左岸由于人工开挖呈陡坎,高度达5m,坡度大于70m,易产生山体滑坡。坝体两侧的残积层厚度约0~3m,易爱雨水冲刷形成垮塌。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n(2)坝体填筑土主要由冲积和残积层人工填筑,土体中含风化砾石,且含量在20~30%,造成坝体土质较疏松,易形成渗漏和被雨水冲刷,使坝体变形。3.4枢纽工程地质条件评价及工程质量3.4.1坝基(肩)工程地质条件评价及工程质量根据现场实地勘查与钻探,坝基主要为厚度1~6.7m厚的高液限粉土,室内土工试验结果表明:天然含水量34.6-28.1,均值为31.4;干密度1.52-1.37g/cm3,均值为1.44g/cm3;孔隙比0.787-0.997,均值为0.91;上述指标表明:此层土具高压缩性,结构中密,含水量差异大,干密度偏低,透水率8.6×10-5,通过以上情况分析,坝基土属弱透水层。坝肩两侧为较强风化的板岩,较破碎,层理,节理发育,压水试验透水率(Lu)大于10,属较强透水层,厚度大于5m,但基岩上面覆盖有一层1~6.7m厚的弱透水层,只要不破坏该层,通过基岩渗漏的可能性较小,但在坝体两侧的坝肩部位覆盖层相对薄一点,易形成绕坝渗漏和接触面渗漏。3.4.2溢洪道工程地质条件及工程质量instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n溢洪道位于坝体右侧,由山体开凿而成,岩土层为残积层,没有进行任何防渗加固处理,就是一条土渠,因而形状极不规则,冲坑,冲槽到处可见,加上过水断面不够,汛期还经常出现垮塌而堵塞溢洪道,对大坝造成严重威胁,工程地质条件较差,一是土体不密实,二是土质差,因而造成险象。3.4.3输水涵管工程地质条件及工程质量输水涵管位于坝体右段,座落在人工填筑土上,此层土在坝体质量中有详述,施工中未进行防渗加固处理,且管身为Φ0.5的瓦管,采用笛闸改为卧式启闭机闸门,由于涵管质量差,破损较严重,形成漏水通道,严重影响大坝安全。3.5坝体工程质量及存在的问题3.5.1坝体填筑质量该工程坝体填筑土,土料的来源就是附近两岸山坡及库区内的冲积土,土料均一性较差,加上施工中采用的是“人海战术”,施工夯实设备简陋,夯压欠密实,且坝体施工分多阶段进行,层与层,片与片之间填土存在一定差异,施工期间晴、雨相间,填筑土含水量差异也较大,导致施工质量差,从而引起大坝塌陷、渗漏、散浸严重,从坝脚往上垂直高度5m的范围内散浸严重,面积达800m2,局部可见明水溢出,导致坝体受损,局部滑坡,坝脚严重时人不能在上面行走,同时未设排水棱体,也是造成坝脚软化的原因之一,再加上坝体单薄,大坝断面不足,对大坝造成严重威胁。3.5.2大坝分区根据土工试验资料及现状,将大坝分为3个区,即坝体填筑区(Ⅰ区)、坝基区(Ⅱ区)和基岩区(Ⅲ区)。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n(1)坝体填筑区(Ⅰ区)该工程坝体最大填高12m,根据室内土工试验定名为高液限粉土,本层土源来自坝区附近的山坡及平地,土料的均一性较差。大坝在施工中由人力完成,夯压不密实,施工中采用分片包干,片与片,层与层之间形定较大差异,加上各方面的原因,如天气晴、雨、雪等,造成土体含水量差异大,密实度差,因而造成质量差。所以存在部分土体含水量较大,最大可达43.4%。根据室内与野外试验结果,天然含水量26.3-43.4,均值30.54,干密度1.23-1.56g/cm3,均值为1.41g/cm3,孔隙比0.75-1.212,均值为0.95,钻孔注水试验渗透系数均值6.5×10-4cm/s,从上述指标表明:土料粗颗粒含量较高,含水量差异大,干密度偏低,具高压缩性,结构中密。自水库投入运行以来。一直存在大坝渗漏,坝脚散浸严重。大坝现场钻孔注水试验统计表见表3.5-1。表3.5-1竹壁堰水库大坝钻孔注水试验统计表钻孔编号试验时孔深(m)岩土名称试段长度(m)渗透系数(K=cm/s)备注ZK15.0粉质粘土5.06.8×10-4ZK26.2粉质粘土5.56.2×10-4ZK212.2粉质粘土5.08.6×10-4ZK36.7粉质粘土4.56.5×10-4instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n(2)坝基区本节已在上节详细叙述。(3)基岩区(Ⅲ区)本区内基岩为灰黄色、灰黑色、紫红色薄-中层状板岩,较软,节理、层理、裂隙发育,中等风化至较强风化,地表以下5m左右为较强风化,为较强透水层透水率为11.95-12.59,大坝现场钻孔压水试验统计表见表3.5-2。表3.5-2 竹壁堰水库大坝钻孔压水试验统计表钻孔编号试段位置(m)试段长度(m)表压力(Mpa)透水率备注ZK113.5-18.55.00.312.59ZK215.6-20.65.00.311.59ZK315.3-20.35.00.312.173.6物理力学指标建议值根据野外地质鉴定、钻孔试验、现场调查及坝体原状土料室内试验成果分析,坝体为均质土坝。坝区岩土物理力学参数建议值取值总体原则按照《水利水电工程地质勘察规范》(GB50287—99),并结合工程类比确定。大坝填筑土物理力学指标统计及推荐值表见表3.6-1。instrumenthasasingletestcondition,willbetransferredtothecoordinationofthetestphase,theinstrumentaccordingtothestand-alonetrialsscheduled,withtheprocesspreparationoftestsolutions,equippedwithprofessionaltechniciansandskilledworkers,toensuresafetyandquality.6.weldingengineeringconstructionprogramme6.1thisengineeringusedconstructionspecification6.1.1siteequipment,andindustrialpipelineweldingengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationGB50268-976.1.2oilchemicaltoxic,andcanburningmediapipelineengineeringconstructionandtheacceptancespecificationSH3501-20026.1.3oilchemicallowtemperaturesteelweldingproceduresSH/T3520-20046.1.4oilchemicalchromenickelAustrian'sbodysteel,andironnickelalloyandnickelalloypipelineweldingproceduresSH/T3523-19996.1.5SHJ520-92petrochemicalengineeringtechnicalspecificationforweldingofCR-MOheat-resistantsteelpipe6.1.6ofthepressurevesselNDT4730-946.2JBweldpreparation6.2.1constructionaccordingtothematerialsoftheprojectspecificationsandweldingmethods,providingqualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationreport.6.2.2qualifiedweldingprocedurequalificationbasedonthepreparationofweldinginstruction,guidethewelderweldingoperations.6.2.3whereparticipationinsitewelding,mustbeinpossessionofboilerandpressurevesselweldercertificatesissuedbytheLaborDepartment.6.2.4whereinvolvedinthepipeandsteelstructureweldingwelders,welderbeforeentryexaminationsshouldattendtheowners,andconstructionshouldbemadewithinthescopeandeligibilityapprovedbythequalityandtechnologysupervisiondepartmentsandowners.6.2.5qualifyforweldingwelder,weldingprocess,shouldbeapprovedbyweldingtheweldingprocess.39n表4竹壁堰水库坝体填土物理力学指标统计及推荐值表填土名称项目天然状态下土的物理力学性质指标含水率湿密度干密度孔隙比孔隙率土粒比重塑性指数液性指数垂直渗透系数水平渗透系数摩擦角(°)凝聚力(Kpa)%g/cm3g/cm3%cm/scm/scqscqs人工填土层统计组数8888888843平均值30.541.841.410.9548.22.7319.08-0.052.37E-052.20E-0515.3817.0622.7520.83最大值43.41.971.561.21254.82.7420.20.463.29E-052.95E-0516.417.4023.721.8097n最小值26.31.771.230.7542.72.7117.2-0.211.84E-051.51E-0514.316.9018.919.90推荐值30.541.841.410.9548.22.7319.08-0.052.37E-052.20E-0515.3817.0622.7520.83坝基土统计组数4444444413平均值31.41.881.440.9147.62.7418.780.1251.91E-052.19E-0516.1517.2322.721.64最大值34.61.951.520.99749.92.7520.300.362.95E-0516.417.421.80最小值28.11.841.370.78744.02.7217.80-0.061.51E-0515.916.921.47推荐值31.41.881.440.9147.62.7418.780.1251.91E-052.19E-0516.1517.2322.721.64基岩推荐值f=1.0C=0.8Mpa97n3.7天然建筑材料3.7.1土料土料场位于大坝左侧坝体外侧的山坡边及下游,在此取土,一是运距近,在1km以内,二是土质较好。土场厚度平均3.5m,面积1万m2左右,土料3.5万m3。料场内地形开阔、平坦,开采运输条件较好,按照均质土坝的质量要求对土料的有关指标进行对比评价,土中的粘粒含量较大和含水量偏小,渗透系数小,各项指标均符合要求。3.7.2块石料块石料主要用于溢洪道改造和少量用于其它砌体工程。由于工程区附近没有石料开采,所用石料须从外地购买,购买地主要为津市新洲镇块石料场,该料场的岩石为紫红色厚层状砂岩,弱风化,岩性较坚硬,质量较好,含量极为丰富,运距35km。3.7.3砂砾石料工程区内砂砾石料主要位于澧水河段,现澧县、津市市区内均有砂砾石场。砾石母岩以石英砾岩为主,级配,磨圆度良好,储量丰富;砂以细一中料石英砂为主,含泥量低,硬度高,主要从岳阳、汩罗船运至料场,运输方便,运距25km。97n3.8结论与建议结论:(1)场地地震基本烈度值为Ⅶ度,设计施工中必须按Ⅶ度对大坝和建筑物进行抗震复核。(2)库、坝区属丘陵地貌单元,坝区无断层通过。地下水为松散层的孔隙水与基岩裂隙孔隙水,且附近无污染源,地下水对砼无腐蚀性。(3)坝体的填筑土料和施工质量较差,坝体渗漏严重,防渗性能差,达不到防渗指标要求,坝体存在散浸问题。(4)坝体与坝基在施工中清淤不彻底,没有进行完全清除与防渗处理,存在渗透问题。(5)溢洪道未进行加固防渗处理,造成损坏严重,可造成冲毁。(6)输水涵管破坏严重,造成管身破裂,漏水严重危及坝体。(7)绕坝渗漏较严重。工程处理措施建议:(1)对大坝坝体和坝基进行防渗处理,基岩部分的防渗处理应深入至弱透水带。坝肩部位的防渗处理应向山体伸入30~50m,加密钻孔。(2)溢洪道部分应进行砼或浆砌石处理,底板和侧墙应进行防渗,加固处理。(3)输水涵管翻修重建,建议为钢筋砼涵管。97n(4)整修加固坝体,使其外观成型。(5)坝体迎水面进行砼护坡,背水面采用生物护坡。(6)新建排水棱体。(7)坝区迎水面两侧沿山体100m应进行防渗铺盖,建议用粘土铺盖,厚度不小于1m。97n4除险加固设计4.1工程等级和洪水标准竹壁堰水库总库容52.2万m3,设计灌溉面积1500亩,保护耕地1500亩。根据《水利水电工程等级划分及洪水标准》SL252-2000的有关规定,竹壁堰水库为小(Ⅱ)水库,属Ⅴ等工程,枢纽建筑物为5级,设计洪水重现期采用30年一遇,校核洪水重现期采用300年一遇,消能防冲工程采用10年一遇。4.2主要设计依据和技术标准4.2.1设计的主要依据水利部、财政部《小2型水库除险加固工程初步设计指导意见》《湖南省小Ⅱ型病险库水库除险加固项目前期工作细则》《湖南省小型病险库水库除险加固设计导则》津市市水务局《竹壁堰水库大坝安全评定报告》和《竹壁堰水库大坝安全评定核查表》4.2.2设计采用的主要规范和技术标准《水利水电工程初步设计报告编制规程》(DL5021-93)《水利水电工程等级划分及洪水标准》(SL252-2000)《防洪标准》(GB5020-94)《水工钢筋混凝土结构设计规范》(DL/T5057-1996)97n《水工建筑物荷载设计规范》(DL5077-1997)《碾压式土石坝设计规范》(SL274-2001)《小型碾压式土石坝设计导则》(SL189-96)《溢洪道设计规范》(SL253-2000)4.3除险加固设计4.3.1挡水建筑物4.3.1.1水文复核根据水文计算成果,大坝坝顶高程至少为89.85m。现坝顶高程90.13m满足规范要求。4.3.1.2大坝整治设计(一)大坝存在的问题:a、大坝坝体坝基渗漏严重,坝脚沼泽化;b、坝脚无排水设施;c、管理站房属危房、防汛公路不通顺;d、白蚁危害严重.针对以上存在的问题,进行以下项目的除险加固设计。(二)大坝结构加固设计①结构加固方案经复核,水库大坝按冲抓套井回填粘土防渗后,坝体浸润线降低,下游坝坡稳定性有一定提高,大坝在各工况下的稳定97n安全系数均满足规范要求。针对坝坡存在的结构缺陷,首先对上游坝坡进行调坡,挖高填底,整平夯实,上游坝坡按1:1.75控制。死水位以下采用抛块石压脚,抛石设3m宽平台,坡比1:3.0;死水位至正常蓄水位设C20混凝土六方块,下部设10cm厚砂砾石垫层,垫层采用平板振动机压实后再铺设混凝土六方块;正常蓄水位以上采草皮护坡。下游坝坡周边设排水沟,坝坡设有上坝踏步,坡面进行生态草皮护坡。在坝脚设贴坡排水体,贴坡排水顶高81.50m,以下按1:2.5设排水体,厚度350mm~400mm,下部设有0.4m的砂砾石反滤层。坝顶路面采用泥结石硬化,厚度200mm,下部设有200mm砂砾石垫层,两侧设有C20混凝土路缘石。②护坡设计为了满足抗风浪和变形要求,上游坝坡需护坡,采用预制混凝土六方块护坡。混凝土块的厚度按《水工设计手册》中的公式计算,设计采用10cm。③坝顶构造设计大坝坝顶宽5m,坝顶路面采用泥结石硬化,厚度200mm,双面排水,坡度3%,路面上、下游侧设0.6m厚、0.5m宽C20混凝土路缘石。④坝坡排水设计大坝下游为草皮护坡,为避免雨水汇流冲刷坝坡,在下游坝坡与山体结合处沿线设置排水沟。97n⑤排水棱体设计新建贴坡排水体,新建排水棱体顶部高程81.50m,高2.0m,顶宽1.0m,贴坡坡度1:2.5,排水体内设两级导滤层,从外至内分别为20cm厚粗砂层(d=10~20mm)、20cm厚卵石层(d=5~20mm)。⑥坝脚渠道硬化在排水棱体顶部高程内侧将原有渠道进行C15混凝土硬化,厚10cm。在进行排水体施工时,对下游坝坡进行整治。(三)大坝防渗设计(1)防渗方案的确定坝基座落于在含砾石及碎石粘土层上,防渗有三种比选方案:方案一:冲抓套井回填方案。在大坝坝顶以下采用冲抓套井回填。方案二:上游坝脚截渗墙+坝身土工膜铺盖防渗方案。方案三:高压喷射灌浆方案。坝顶以下至相对不透水层采用高压灌浆。上述三种防渗方案的优缺点见下表4.3-1。经综合比较后推荐方案一,即采用冲抓套井+帷幕灌浆的防渗方案。(2)冲抓套井回填防渗设计在坝顶布置冲抓孔,孔经1.1m,孔距0.78m。①主孔和套孔的布置97n先打主孔①、③号,回填后打套孔②号,回填后再打⑤号孔,回填后返打④号孔,以此顺序进行打孔回填。套孔(双号孔)为整圆,主孔(单号孔)被套孔切割,呈对称蚀圆。见附图。表4.3-1大坝防渗方案比较表比较内容冲抓套井方案坝脚截渗墙高压喷射+坝身土工膜铺盖方案 坝顶布孔,冲抓孔经1.1m,孔距0.78m,上游坝脚设1×2m的混凝土防渗墙,坝身铺土工膜坝顶布孔,高喷孔距1.2m,主要措施防渗效果较好较好质量不稳定施工难度施工技术简便,质量容易控制施工技术较简单,质量有保证。但需排空水库喷射压力控制较复杂,质量难控制工程造价最低中等最高工期中等较长最短②单排孔孔距和防渗墙有效厚度计算设计主孔被套孔切割,呈对称蚀圆,选择最优α角为45°。本工程冲抓钻机选用SJZ—95型自动挂卸冲抓式打井机,其技术性能指标为:开孔直径110cm,最大钻孔深度达16.3m,有质量保证的回填深度超过20m。单排孔沿直线错位相套,孔距按下式计算:L=2Rcosα计算得孔距为0.78m。97n③防渗墙有效厚度计算单排孔形成的防渗墙有效厚度按下式计算L=2Rcosα=2×0.55×cos45°=0.78m。④所需防渗墙厚度的计算由《水力计算手册》渗流计算公式(5-2-13,5-2-14)计算粘土墙承受最大水头如下:式中:q——单宽渗流量,m3/s-m;H1、H2——上、下游水深,m;h——心墙浸润线的逸出高度,m;k2——粘土墙渗透系数,cm/s,k2=1×10-6cm/s;k1——坝体填料渗透系数,cm/s,k1=1×10-4cm/s;T——粘土墙的厚度,m;S——浸润线粘土墙出逸点至下游坡面出逸点距离,m,设粘土防渗墙承受最大水头为H,根据下式确定防渗心墙厚度;T=H/[J]式中:[J]——防渗墙允许坡降,[J]=7;由加固后的坝体渗流计算结果可知,校核洪水位下心墙内的水头差为△H=4.8m,平均渗透坡降J=△H/D=4.8/0.78=6.1597n<[J]=7,渗透坡降小于防渗墙的允许坡降,单排孔形成的防渗墙厚度即可满足要求。⑤土料的选择回填土料要求颗粒含量为35%~50%,渗透系数小于1×10-5cm/s,含水量控制在21%~25%左右,干密度大于1.55kg/cm3,干密度和含水量均通过现场试验,控制在设计要求范围内。⑥技术要求钻孔要求铅直,钻孔的偏斜率应不大于1/80,造孔程序:先主井后套井按两序施工,钻孔达到设计深度后应立即回填,按先主井后套井的原则,填土分层进行,回填一层,夯实一层,不得边填边夯。填土层的厚度控制在0.3m至0.5m。夯实方式应视现场试验确定,夯实过程中,确保夯锤稳定,不碰撞井壁,以提高夯压效果。当夯实10m以下的井段时,可适当加大夯锤的冲击力,扩大对周围土体的挤压影响。当接近井顶部位时,则应减小夯锤的落距,以防坝面开裂或孔周土体隆起。死水位以下的冲抓回填施工质量受地下水影响,应采用相应的技术措施,及时抽排渗水,确保施工质量。为保证施工质量,应及时进行检测。检测内容为钻孔的深度与造孔的偏斜率,土料的含水量,最优含水量依现场试验确定,确保满足规范和设计要求。应采用现场注水试验检查施工质量,确保填筑土体渗透系数满足规范要求。4.3.1.3渗流安全和结构安全复核97n一、大坝渗流计算分析(一)、渗透分区及指标大坝渗流计算断面选取本次勘探取样断面。通过计算分析进行防渗处理后的大坝渗透稳定,并计算坝体浸润线高度,验证排水棱体高度,为大坝稳定计算提供依据。本次计算断面的渗透分区主要根据地质横剖面,按照现场所取原状样的室内土工试验及现场注(压)水试验,综合大坝建设和运行管理情况进行适当简化,将大坝计算断面划分为4个渗透分区,分别为坝体填筑土、坝基原状土和防渗墙,见渗透分区附图4-1。各渗透分区的水平、垂直渗透系数指标由现场注水试验、根据坝体填土室内土工试验资料,参照同类工程经验确定,见表4.3-2。本次渗流稳定计算采用理正岩土计算软件,因坝体渗透分区较多,只适用该软件的有限元法进行渗流计算。表4.3-2水库大坝计算断面渗透系数分区指标分区岩性渗透系数K(cm/s)垂直水平坝体土人工填筑粘土2.37×10-52.20×10-5坝基基岩1.91×10-52.19×10-5防渗心墙冲抓回填粘土1.00×10-61.00×10-6根据选定的典型计算断面图,计算模型原点选在计算断面上游侧坝脚位置,X方向向右为正,Y方向向上97n为正。X方向计算范围为自上、下游坝坡坡脚各向外延伸20m;Y方向计算范围为自坝顶至坝基。(二)、渗流计算工况的确定:根据《碾压式土石坝设计规范》(SDJ274-2001)第8.1.2条规定,本次渗流计算分析按以下工况进行:①上游正常蓄水位与下游无水,稳定渗流;②上游设计洪水位与下游无水,稳定渗流;③上游校核洪水位与下游无水,稳定渗流;④上游1/3坝高水位与下游无水,稳定渗流;⑤上游从正常水位骤降至1/3坝高与下游无水,非稳定渗流。因本次计算为已建工程的加固,不需计算施工期工况。(三)、稳定渗流计算内容及结果计算大坝在各计算工况时浸润线位置,确定最大可能渗透比降,分析大坝的抗渗安全性。各工况下计算结果及相应浸润线高度见本章附图4-2~附图4-6。从计算结果看,下游逸出点在排水棱体顶部高程以下,坝坡和下游坝脚不会产生渗透破坏。最大渗透比降发生在防渗心墙内,小于其允许渗透比降,坝体内不会产生渗透破坏。二、大坝稳定分析计算(一)、材料分区及力学指标97n大坝边坡稳定分析计算断面选取本次勘探取样纵剖面(见工程地质平面图),计算断面的材料分区主要根据地质横剖面,按照地质勘探的结果,现场所取原状样的室内土工试验及钻孔柱状图,综合大坝建设和运行管理情况进行适当简化,分区见本章计算附图4-1。各材料分区的物理力学指标采用地质推荐值,该值来源于土样试验、现场原位注(压)水试验和工程类比资料。各种物理力学指标见表4.3-3。大坝进行防渗处理后,增加了防渗心墙,心墙部份的抗剪强度比坝体填土高,但心墙较薄,为简化计算,从偏安全角度考虑,不单独分区,仍按原坝体的力学指标。表4.3-3 水库大坝计算断面稳定计算材料分区指标表分区岩性湿密度(g/cm3)干密度(g/cm3)固结快剪慢剪φ(°)C(KPa)φ(°)C(KPa)坝体(Ⅰ)含砾粘土1.841.4115.3822.7517.0620.83坝基(Ⅱ)含碎石及砾石粘土1.881.4416.1522.717.2321.64(二)、计算方法坝坡稳定性计算采用理正岩土计算软件,该软件采用瑞典圆弧法计算土质边坡和土坝的安全系数。根据选定的典型计算断面图,计算模型原点选在计算断面上游侧坝脚位置,X方向向右为正,Y方向向上为正。X方向计算范围为自上、下游坝坡坡脚各向外延伸20m;Y方向计算范围为自坝顶至坝基。(三)、坝坡抗滑稳定计算工况的确定:97n根据《碾压式土石坝设计规范》(SDJ274-2001)第8.3.1条规定,本次稳定分析中应核算:(1)稳定渗流期的上、下游坝坡。(2)水库水位骤降时期的上游坝坡。在渗流计算的基础上,计算下列工况大坝稳定安全系数:①上游正常蓄水位与下游无水时,下游坝坡稳定安全系数(有效应力法);②上游设计洪水位与下游无水时,下游坝坡稳定安全系数(有效应力法);③上游校核洪水位与下游无水时,下游坝坡稳定安全系数(有效应力法);④上游1/3坝高水位与下游无水时,上游坝坡稳定安全系数(有效应力法)⑤上游水位从正常蓄水位骤降至1/3坝高与下游无水时,上游坝坡稳定安全系数(有效应力法和总应力法)。(四)、坝坡抗滑稳定计算结果计算出大坝上下游坝坡的抗滑稳定最小安全系数列于表4.3-4,相应滑弧位置见本章附图4-8至图4-14。97n表4.3-4水库大坝坝坡稳定计算成果表计算工况计算边坡上游水位下游水位安全系数K规范要求[K]稳定渗流期、库水位骤降下游边坡校核洪水位无水1.2681.25下游边坡设计洪水位无水1.2841.25下游边坡正常蓄水位无水1.3021.25上游边坡1/3坝高水位无水1.3951.15上游边坡水位骤降(有效应力法)无水1.2011.15地震下游边坡正常蓄水位无水1.2041.10地震上游边坡1/3坝高水位无水1.3111.10通过本次计算分析,大坝计算断面上、下游坝坡在各工况下最小抗滑稳定安全系数均大于规范要求,经除险加固后大坝结构安全满足规范要求。(五)、坝坡抗滑稳定抗震复核计算出地震工况下大坝上下游坝坡的抗滑稳定最小安全系数列于表4.3-5,相应滑弧位置见本章附图4-8~附图4-14。其稳定安全系数满足规范要求。97n4.3.2溢洪道设计4.3.2.1工程现状及主要问题溢洪道位于坝体右侧坝肩,基础为含砾粉质粘土,为开敞式宽顶堰,堰顶高程为88.40m,宽度1.2m,为土渠,未作其它防护,施工中对地基未进行任何加固和防渗处理,目前冲刷严重,两侧垮塌,影响过水断面,溢洪时水直接冲刷溢洪道和下游农田,当库水位较高时,溢洪道单处渗漏量达Q=0.35-0.55L/s,在正常水位和高水位时渗漏量达Q=0.88L/s。溢洪道位于松散的坡积层土,土体结构较松散,施工质量差。破坏较严重。4.3.2.2溢洪道加固设计溢洪道由进口段、控制段、泄槽段和消能段组成。控制段进口底板高程88.40m,宽1.2m,长8.147m。泄槽段纵坡1;1:4.594;,长34.0m,消力池宽1.2m,深1.0m,长5.4m,底板高程81.00m。均采用钢筋混凝土,混凝土标号为C20,每10m设一条伸缩缝,沥青杉板嵌缝。(1)溢洪道各段结构稳定计算控制段、消力池均采用重力式浆砌石挡墙支护,高度从1.3m至2.5m不等。97n选择不同高度典型断面进行稳定计算,按湖南省水利水电勘测设计研究院编写的“挡土墙计算程序”进行计算,根据基岩地质情况,取摩擦系数f=0.35。采用的抗滑稳定计算公式为:式中:K——抗滑稳定安全系数;f——基底面与地基之间的摩擦系数;∑V——所有荷载的垂直向分力;∑H——所有荷载的水平向分力。采用的抗倾覆计算公式为:式中:K——抗倾覆安全系数;∑My——作用于墙身各力对墙前趾的稳定力矩;∑Mo——作用于墙身各力对墙前趾的倾覆力矩。表4.3-5挡土墙稳定及应力计算成果表项目计算情况抗滑安全系数KC抗倾安全系数K0基底应力(kpa)σmaxσmin2.4m高挡墙1.421.781681371.3m高挡墙1.482.15147112经计算最小抗滑安全系数K=1.42>[K]=1.3最小抗倾安全系数K=1.78>[K]=1.5,均满足规范要求。(2)消力池消能计算97n根据《溢洪道设计规范(SL253-2000)》,等宽矩形断面消力池自由水跃的计算公式采用:h2=h1(-1)/2Fr1=v1/式中,h1、V1、Fr1—分别为收缩面的水深(m),流速(m/s)与弗劳德数h2—跃后水深,也即收缩断面水深h1的共轭水深(m)。其水跃长度按下式计算:L=6.9(h2-h1)等宽矩形断面下挖式消力池的池深或水跃淹没度按下列公式计算:d=σh2-ht-ΔZΔZ=Q2/2gb2[1/(φ2ht2)-1/(σ2h22)]消力池长度Lk=0.8L式中,d—池深(m)σ—水跃淹没度h2—池中发生临界水跃时的跃后水深(m)ht—消力池出口下游水深(m)ΔZ—消力池尾部出口水面落差(m)b—消力池宽度(m)φ—消力池出口段流速系数,取0.95消97n力池下游紧接矩形断面泄洪渠,故按P=5%消能防冲洪水进行断面计算。消力池收缩断面水深、流速、跃后水深及池长、池深计算结果见下表表4.3-6。表4.3-6消力池收缩断面水深、流速及跃后水深 P=0.5%P=5%项目h1h2Ldh1h2Ld消力池0.250.616.250.520.230.483.850.284.3.3涵卧管设计4.3.3.1工程现状及主要问题输水涵管是座落在人工回填土体中,由于施工中未对地基进行任何加固与防渗处理,且为φ0.5m的钢筋砼,导致涵管沉陷不均,部分破损,造成渗漏,渗漏时还带出坝体中的细颗粒,造成坝体外部变形、渗漏。输水涵管渗漏的主要原因:①坝体内的散浸水向管内渗入;②管身与人工填土接触面未进行防渗,库水和坝体内水沿刚性界面渗入管内。4.3.3.2涵管除险加固设计输水设施改造可从两方面来考虑:一是拆除现有输水设施,重新建设一条涵洞;一是对现有输水设施进行加固。根据现有输水涵洞实际情况,涵洞存在问题较多,渗漏问题严重,如对其再进行处理加固,也不能从整体上保障其安全性。故本次设计拟考虑对其进行朝天开挖重建,与下游渠干相接。97n在大坝原涵僧重建一条涵洞,采用内直径为φ800的钢筋混凝土圆管,进口设置消力井,新装卧管启闭设备,出口设置消力池,后与下游渠道相联接。涵洞施工前,一定要进一步复核地质条件,探明坝体土质情况,如遇到特殊地质情况,需认真做好施工组织设计。在大坝原涵位置重建一条涵洞,采用净尺寸0.8m×1.2m(宽×高)现浇钢筋混凝土方涵,壁厚0.3m,涵管基础依次为0.3m碎石垫层及0.1m的C15砼垫层。涵管进口设置消力井,新建卧管分层取水设施,输水涵管出口与下游渠干相接。涵洞施工前,一定要进一步复核地质条件,探明坝体土质情况,如遇到特殊地质情况,需认真做好施工组织设计。新建建放水斜卧管,涵管底部高程81.00m,卧管长度14.5m,设置9个放水孔,放水孔孔径为0.3m,从上而下每级高差1m,为方便运行管理,在斜卧管上部砼浇筑成0.8m宽的台阶式工作走道。卧管采用铸铁翻盖闸门控制,采购定型生产的成品安装即可。4.3.4管理站房设计水库管理站房年久失修、破烂不堪,根据水库运行和调度的实际情况,必须对管理站房进行改造,按规定设计建设管理所50m2。4.3.5防汛公路设计97n防汛公路设计路基宽5m(包括排水沟),有效路面3.5m,采用泥结石路面,两侧均设有C15混凝土宽0.5m的路肩,路基用5%水泥碾压整平后,然后再铺设10cm厚的砂砾石垫层,最后采用20cm厚的泥结石硬化,公路坡度控制在10%。4.3.6观测设施设计根据水库大坝的实际情况,设计变形、渗流、水文、气象等观测内容。1.变形观测:设计设置6个观测砧标,6个工作基点,6个校核基点。2.渗流观测:在下游大坝脚设置1个量水堰,测量渗流量。3.水、雨情观测:配置水位、雨情等简易气象观测设备。表4.3-7工程观测主要设备名称型号单位数量备注水准仪S3台15m铝合金塔尺把2木质红、黑双面标尺把2观测砧标个6起测基点个6工作基点个6校核基点个64.3.7金属结构本工程放水涵卧管设计为9级分层取水,采用铸铁翻盖闸门控制,采购定型生产的成品。97n4.3.8主要工程量表4.3-7主要工程量表编号名称单位数量一挡水工程 1坝基、坝身防渗工程 冲抓套井m1658 土方回填m³14932上游坝坡整治工程 土方开挖m³429 沟槽开挖m³75 坝坡平整m²1714 预制C20砼块护坡m³171 砂砾石垫层m³171 C15砼踏步m³14 抛石固脚m³1671 草皮护坡m²2553下游坝坡整治工程 防滑台阶土方开挖m³225 土方回填(坝坡培厚)m³3990 C15砼排水沟m³46 C15砼渠道m³99 C15砼马道路面m²360 C20砼踏步m³21 砂砾石垫层m³72 反滤层m³360 坝坡排水棱体m³462 伸缩缝m²19.5 橡皮止水m19697n 草皮护坡m²16004坝顶整治工程 坝顶平整m²442 砂砾石垫层m³88 泥结石路面m²354 C20砼沿石(50cm*60cm)m³51 伸缩缝m²85白蚁防治工程项1二泄洪工程 1溢洪道整治工程 土方开挖m³976 土方回填m³546 M7.5浆砌石侧墙m³216 底板砼C20m³25.2 砂砾石垫层m³23 钢筋制安t3.9 C20砼人行桥m³1 Φ16锚杆(长1.5m)根134 伸缩缝m²47 橡胶止水m139 φ100横向排水沟m28 φ150纵向排水沟m43 φ50PVC排水管m106 栏杆m4.2三输水工程 1原涵管拆除工程 土方开挖m³5535 原涵管拆除m352新建放水卧管 土方开挖m³4397n 土方回填m³18 C25砼卧管m³17 C15砼踏步m³6 C25砼消力井m³31 M7.5浆砌石垫层m³7 钢筋制安t4.7 止水橡皮m17 φ300PE管m12 φ200PE管m6 φ300拍门个93重建涵管(39m) 土方回填m³5535 碎石垫层m³25 C15砼垫层m³12 C20砼截水墙m³8 C25现浇砼涵m³64 钢筋制安t15 遇水膨胀止水条m25 橡胶止水带m3097n5水土保持和环境保护设计5.1水土保持5.1.1水土流失影响分析本工程施工项目主要有土方开挖与填筑、大坝护坡、混凝土浇筑、临时建筑物的修建等。工程实施将不可避免扰动原地貌,损坏土地和植被等,造成一定程度的水土流失。项目区属山丘区地形,坝址及库区岸坡稳定性较好,没有局部崩塌现象。坝区植被覆盖良好,生态环境稳定,现阶段基本不存在水土流失情况。根据加固设计枢纽总布置图量算,本项目建筑物范围及管辖范围、施工场地和料场等区域共扰动地面面积约0.12km2。在施工扰动地面面积中,除大坝及下游河道外,其余皆为水保植被面积,损毁植被面积约为0.05km2。工程建筑物范围及施工场地由于地面开挖、损毁植被可能造成水土流失面积为0.17km2。5.1.2水土流失防治设计工程建设本身考虑了草皮护坡等有利于水土保持的工程措施,因此仅对可能造成水土流失的部分进行防治设计。1)工程措施97n建筑物建设中开挖及其填筑部分一般已考虑结合水土保持的砼护坡、挡墙、排水沟、拦渣坎(堤)等工程措施。此外还需对可能造成水土流失的其他部分进行防治,主要项目及工程量如下:(1)坝区开挖和填筑边坡、近坝区的植被破坏和扰动地面部分,应设置一定数量的排水沟和沉砂池,施工完毕后需进行土地平整,植草覆盖。(2)工程所需的土料在本地开采,开采完毕后恢复植被。(3)弃料场可与取土场结合使用,完工后土地平整复垦为林草用地或植草。2)预防及监测措施对项目区贯彻“预防为主”的水土保持方针,保护现有草林植被,对施工区域及沿线的林草植被应尽量少破坏或不破坏,尽量营造良好的生态环境。监测主要采用地面观测法。施工期间观测本工程水土流失防治责任区的场地平整情况;观测土料临时拦护措施情况以及施工结束后林草种植情况。5.1.3水土保持投资水土保持投资为水土流失防治费,根据《中华人民共和国水土保持法》第二十条:“建设过程中发生的水土流失防治费用,从基本建设投资中列支”,因此水土保持投资列入工程总费用。本项目水土保持投资共计8.18万元。97n5.2环境保护设计本次工程除险加固处理,不会对库区和下游带来不利的环境影响。对大坝、输水建筑物以及溢洪道进行加固处理,大大提高了水库安全性和高度的灵活性,从环境保护的角度审议,本工程属无污型工业,没有制约本工程的环境影响问题。5.2.1设计依据1)有关法规条例①《中国人民共和国环境保护法》②《建设项目环境保护管理条例》2)采用的环境保护标准①GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》②GB8978-96《污水综合排放标准》③GB3095-96《环境空气质量标准》④GB12523-90《建筑施工场界噪声限值》5.2.2工程对环境的影响本工程仅对原有水库枢纽工程进行除险加固,对环境的不利影响主要由工程施工造成。(1)废污水排放的影响97n施工期水污染主要来自砂石料冲洗、车辆、设备和场地冲洗产生的生产废水,以及施工人员生活污水。生产废水主要污染物为石油类和悬浮物;施工人员生活污水包括盥洗水和食堂下水,主要污染为BOD。如不进行妥善处理,将对周围水环境产生不利影响。(2)对环境空气的影响施工期环境空气污染源主要来自挖填土石方、物料装卸和运输过程中产生的扬尘和施工机械产生的尾气。主要污染物为TSP、SO2、NOx。(3)噪声对环境的影响施工期的噪声主要来自各种机械设备和建筑物材料运输,车辆马达的轰鸣及喇叭的喧闹声。施工噪声将产生扰民问题,并对现场施工人员的身心产生不利影响。(4)对交通的影响施工期间设备材料及弃土运输需要大量的车辆,必将加重当地交通负荷量。(5)生活垃圾对环境的影响工程施工期间,施工人员临时食宿地的生活污水及废弃物将对施工区卫生环境产生不利影响。尤其在夏天,若不对其进行专门管理和妥善处理轻则致蚊蝇孳生,重则致使工区人员爆发流行性疾病,影响工程施工进行,同时使附近居民遭受蚊、蝇、疾病的影响。(6)对人群健康的影响97n工程施工期间,施工人员劳动强度大,抵抗疾病的能力弱,加之施工人员的食宿安排在施工区内,易造成肠道传染病、肝炎等介水和食物传染病的流行。(7)工程占地对农业生产的影响工程本身不产生污染物,运行期亦对周围环境无不利影响。但工程施工永久和临时占地均对农业生产造成不同程度的影响。5.2.3环境保护措施1)水质保护(1)保护目标施工污水排放执行GB8978-96《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准。(2)污染源及影响分析施工期间,废水主要来自砂石骨料加工废水、生活污水、混凝土拌和废水、含油废水,其中污染物以SS为主。废水量以砂石骨料加工及拌和水废水居多;混凝土拌和废水为间歇式排放,其余为连续排放,若不妥善处理,可能影响下游河道和地下水质,从而影响饮用水源。本工程所需各砂石骨料都由外地购买得到。拌和站布置在大坝右端,承担现浇混凝土生产任务,在枯水期施工时,混凝土搅拌冲洗产生的碱性废水对受纳水体的污染不可忽视,应采取专门处理后排放。(3)保护措施①砂石骨料加工废水处理97n采用混凝沉淀法。废水从筛分楼流出先经沉砂池把粗砂除去,再进入沉淀池,并在沉淀中投加凝聚剂。由于絮凝剂的投加,使小于0.035mm的悬浮物得以快速而有效的去除。②混凝土拌和系统废水处理措施针对混凝土冲洗废水水量少,废水排放不连续,仅每台班冲洗一次,且悬浮物浓度较高等特点,采用间歇式自然沉淀的方式去除易沉淀的砂粒。冲洗废水pH值偏高,但因水量小,影响不大。针对混凝土拌和系统间隙式排水,水量很小的特点,各个系统均采用统一形式和规模的矩形处理池,每台班末的冲洗废水排入池内,静置沉淀下一台班末排入,沉淀时间达6小时以上(添加药剂)。③生活污水处理措施生活污水来源于施工期间施于人员生活污水和粪便的排放。工程施工期有2个生活区,施工人数150人,用水量采用0.15m3/人·d,排水量按用水量的80%计算,生活区的排水量18m3/d,其中主要成分为BOD5、SS。生活污水采用化粪池处理。工程施工期生活污水经化粪池初步处理排入,这在以往工程中应用很广,其原因主要是化粪池具有低造价,低运行费用等优点,适用于这类污水量较小的工程。生活污水处理达标后排放或用于污灌④修理系统含油污水处理措施机械修配站设一个矩形处理池,尺寸分别为3m(长)×1.5m(高)。含油污水经一天蓄满水池后投药,再经整晚的絮凝沉淀后第二天排放。97n2)大气环境保护(1)保护目标环境空气执行GB3095-96《环境空气质量标准》中的二级标准,环境空气中TSP控制标准为0.30mg/m3。(2)污染源及影响分析工程施工区环境空气的污染源主要有土石方的开挖、砂石料加工系统、拌和站生产、水泥运输泄漏产生和粉尘、交通运输产生的扬尘、施工机械燃油废气、施工生活区燃煤烟尘等。(3)保护措施施工单位必须选用符合国家有关卫生标准的施工机械和运输工具,使其排放的废气符合国家有关标准;凿裂、钻孔以及爆破提倡湿法作业,降低粉尘量。工程施工应配备洒水车一台,在开挖集中的首部及料场、各工区、施工公路等地,非雨日的早、中、晚来回洒水,减少扬尘,缩短粉尘污染的影响时段,缩小污染范围。施工过程中受大气污染影响严重的为施工人员,应着重对施工人员采取防护措施,如佩带防尘口罩等。砂石骨料加工优先采用湿法破碎的低尘工艺,可以减少粉尘的产生量,机械粗骨料加工厂的砾石料粗碎采用闭路循环破碎后,再进入主筛分楼;水泥采用封闭式运输,减少粉尘传播途径。对各加工系统附件采用洒水降尘的方法,结合水保措施在加工系统外围种植植物,以降低粉尘污染影响的程度。97n施工期间,交通车辆多为柴油燃料的运输车辆,尾气排放量与污染物含量相对较训,需尽可能安装尾气净化器,保护尾气满足排放标准,降低废气污染程度。3)声环境保护措施(1)保护目标施工区满足GB12523-90《建筑施工场界噪声限制》,昼、夜噪声限值分别为85dB(A)、55dB(A);环境噪声按照现状的调查结果执行GB3096-93《城市区域环境噪声标准》II类标准,昼、夜噪声控制标准分别为60dB(A)、50dB(A)。(2)噪声源控制措施①施工单位必须选用符合国家有关标准的施工机具,尽量选用低噪声的施工机械或工艺,从根本上降低噪声源强。②加强设备的维护和保养,保持机械润滑,降低运行噪声。③振动较大的机械设备应使用减振机座降低噪声。④避免夜间爆破。⑤为防止交通混乱造成的人为噪声污染,夜间应减少施工车流量,在工程坝址以及生活区出口等车流量较高的交叉路口设立标志牌,限制工区内车辆时速在20km以内,并在路牌上标明禁止施工车辆大声鸣笛。⑥加强施工人员防护,施工单位除了对施工人员给予必要的防护设备和劳保补助外,对噪声影响较大的工种,还要采取轮班作业。4)固体废弃物处理措施97n工程施工过程中固体废充物主要来土石方开挖,拆除的砼、施工场地的生活垃圾、工程弃碴等若不妥善处理,就会破坏环境,堵塞河道或淤积水库。生活垃圾成分多样,容易引起苍蝇等害虫孳生。(1)弃碴处理工程规划有1个碴场,并严格按照水土保持有关要求进行防护措施设计,具体措施见水土保持部分。(2)生活垃圾处理本工程施工期日高峰人数150人,按照每人每天产生垃圾1kg计算,施工期施工人员每天将产生生活垃圾约0.15t。生活垃圾就近运至碴场填埋。在施工期间生活区设置专门的垃圾桶,每天定时清运至碴场填埋。对施工区的垃圾桶需经常喷洒灭害灵等药水,防止苍蝇等害虫孳生,以减免生活垃圾对工程地区水环境和施工人员的生活卫生产生不利影响。5)人群健康加强对施工人员的健康保护,完善施工区卫生管理,培养良好的卫生习惯;积极开展灭蚊灭鼠活动,切断传播途径;生活垃圾集中堆放,统一管理;建立完善防疫机构,做好疫情监测和预防工作。6)交通在制定施工实施方案时应充分考虑交通因素,建设单位和运输部门应共同做好原材料运输工作,按规定线路行驶,并加强驾驶员的职业道德教育。97n5.2.4环境监测1)站网布置施工期环境监测包括水质、大气和噪声监测。水质监测设三个站,分别位于污水集水池(处理前污水)、污水处理系统出口处(处理后污水)、水库涵管进口处。大气、噪声监测在各开挖作业面、砼搅拌系统、交通道路两旁设监测点。2)监测项目及测频①水质监测项目:PH值、BOD5、SS、石油类、NH3-N测频:施工高峰期每月二次,非高峰期酌减。②大气监测项目:粉尘、CO、SO2、NOx测频:施工高峰期每月二次,非高峰期酌减。③噪声监测项目:A声级;测频:每月二次。施工期的环境监测可由业主委托当地环保部门进行。5.2.5环境保护投资工程环境保护投资主要包括施工区环保投资、施工期环境监测费用和人群健康保护费等,本工程环境保护投资共计5.45万元。97n6工程管理6.1管理现状及存在问题水库由主要受益单位负责日常管理,业务上接受乡水管站和县水利局的指导。目前管理上存在的主要问题一是缺乏必要的管理设施,包括管理站房、观测和监测设施;二是管理人员报酬没有落实。6.2管理机构除险加固达标后,及时建立起完善的生产管理机构,以适应现代化生产建设管理的需要,发挥工程效益,维护工程安全。由乡人民政府设立水库管理所,聘用专职管理人员2人。6.3主要管理设施6.3.1工程管理范围水库工程管理范围以“三查三定”时划定的范围为准,包括库区、枢纽区和渠道沿线。水源保护范围为,库周边线至第一道分水岭脊线之间的地区。6.3.2工程管理设施参照《水库工程管理设计规范》(SL106-96)新建或完善下列97n管理设施。一、水情、雨情测量设施库区卧管附近设一测量库水位的水尺;管理所旁设一雨量站。二、管理站房该水库无管理站房,建议新建一面积50m2的综合站房。6.4工程运用管理6.4.1调度管理原则水库防汛调度由乡水管站负责,县防汛抗旱指挥部指导。水库蓄水以优先满足生活用水、尽量满足灌溉用水为原则。积极开展多种经营,以水养水,发展养殖业和开发旅游业等。6.4.2工程管理的主要工作内容(1)制订综合用水计划,做到有计划地蓄水、供水、泄水,使工程发挥最大效益。(2)对工程进行经常性检查观测,发现问题及时维修并向上报告,保持工程经常处于良好的工作状态。(4)防汛:保证汛期防汛通讯联络可靠,做好洪水预报,组织好防汛队伍,准备防汛器材,确保工程安全。6.4.3工程管理费用灌溉用水应按照物价部门核定的价格收取水费,积极开展多种经营,尽量做到收支平衡。工程维修经费按规定列入财政预算。97n6.5建设期的管理体制及实施办法除险加固工程建设实行三制,由县人民政府或委托水行政主管部门组建项目法人,实行项目法人负责制;工程施工采用公开招标的方式选择施工队伍;委托有资质的单位对工程施工进行全过程的监理。质量监督部门跟踪进行质量监督,严把质量关。施工期间水库管理单位参与工程质量的检查、监督,并按照工程基本建设验收规程参加竣工验收。97n7施工组织设计7.1施工条件7.1.1水文气象条件津市属中亚热带北缘内陆季风气候区。据津市、澧县、王家厂、莲花堰、闸口、洞市、张公庙、东门等雨量站38年(1956-1993年)资料分析,按多年平均降水等值线图,用面积加权法,量测出年平均降水量为1330.9毫米。多年平均气温为16.5℃,一月最低为4.2℃,七月最高为28.7℃。历年极端最高气温:40.5℃(1972年8月27日);历年极端最低气温:-13.5℃(1977年1月30日)。无霜期长,多年平均有264天。多年平均降雨日为142天。降水比较丰沛,但时空分布不均匀和水利工程布局的差异,水、旱灾时有发生。降水量最多的是1954年,全年降水2235.4毫米,1980年为1963毫米;降雨最少的是2005年875.7毫米;历年一日最大降水量为302毫米,1996年6月31日出现在澧县官垸乡。一般9月至次年3月为枯水期,水库除险加固施工主要安排在这段时期进行。库区9月至次年3月的多年平均最大24小时降雨量50.7mm;11月至次年2月的多年平均最大24小时降雨量36.1mm,变差系数Cv为0.43;12月至次年1月的多年平均最大24小时降雨量27.8mm。97n7.1.2内外交通条件大坝距津市城25km,水库场内交通主要依靠上坝公路,路面条件较差,极不平整;另外需根据施工要求修建临时施工道路。7.1.3主要建筑材料土料场位于大坝左侧坝体外侧的山坡边及下游,在此取土,一是运距近,在1km以内,二是土质较好。土场厚度平均3.5m,面积1万m2左右,土料3.5万m3。所用石料须从外地购买,购买地主要为澧县六潭口块石料场,该料场的岩石为紫红色厚层状砂岩,弱风化,岩性较坚硬,质量较好,含量极为丰富,运距35km。砂以细一中料石英砂为主,含泥量低,硬度高,主要从岳阳、汩罗船运至料场,运输方便,运距25km。水泥、钢材、木材、油料等在县城购买,运距45~90km。7.1.4供水供电条件施工用电在附近农民农村接电网,施工生产用水可直接用水泵从库内抽取,生活用水可利用当地居民现成的用水设施。7.1.5对工程施工准备、工期的要求要求九月底完成施工准备工作,九月动工,次年三月完工。7.2施工导流97n本工程为除险加固工程,加固项目均为水上施工,一般不存在施工围水问题。上游护坡施工可利用输水涵管将库水放至死水位后施工。但输水涵洞施工根据枯水期5年一遇洪水确定围堰顶高程为堰顶83.80m,采用土石围堰,临水面采用草袋围堰护坡。围堰内外坡比为1:1.5,堰顶宽1m。7.3主体工程施工7.3.1土方工程(1)土方开挖土方尽量采用1m3挖掘机开挖,机械无法开挖部位采用人工开挖。人工开挖弃土先运到坝脚,由推土机集料,配5t自卸汽车运输。机械开挖直接配5t自卸汽车运走。涵管土方回填按80%的可利用料计算,其余为不可利用土方,运至弃碴场堆放,平均运距500km。(2)土方填筑土方填筑量较小,施工采用人工为主。填筑用土料采用1m3正铲挖掘机开挖并装车,5t自卸汽车运输,平均运距0.5km。人工送料平仓并夯实7.3.2浆砌石砌筑浆砌石主要为溢洪道边墙。浆砌石施工所需石料全部从外地采购,用自卸汽车运至工地卸料,然后采用手推双胶轮车运至砌筑作业面附近卸料,人工浆砌块石。0.2m3砂浆拌和机拌制砂浆,人工挑运至施工作业面。97n砌筑时采用座浆法施工,砌筑砂浆用0.2m3移动式拌和机拌制,人工砌筑,砌筑砂浆为M7.5,采用M10砂浆抹面和勾缝。砂浆先做配比试验,所用块石要清洗干净,块石间的空隙要用小块石和砂浆填密实。7.3.3混凝土工程现浇混凝土主要在溢洪道沿线,混凝土拌和机布设和所需骨料的堆放布置在一处。现浇混凝土施工程序为:人工仓面清理,安装钢筋,立模;机械拌制砼,双人工胶轮车运输,人工入仓平仓,机械振捣密实。施工中注意协调伸缩缝、预埋件等项目的施工。7.3.4砼护坡施工采用人工施工,先平整坝坡,振捣夯实,再铺设垫层,进行砼六方块护坡施工放样。砌筑自下而上进行,预制块之间接缝密实,稳定牢固。7.3.5冲抓套井回填冲抓套井填土施工工艺流程见下图。97n1、造孔冲抓机工作时,钻头靠自重向井位冲击,冲击时,自动开闭机构控制叶片张开,插入土层后,操作卷扬机使钢丝绳通过滑轮组将4个叶片闭合,抓取土料,然后提升至井口,使其碰到自动推卸器,自动挂钩,放松钢丝绳,叶片张开,将土卸入井口的小车内运走:再将冲抓锥从挂钩上脱下,再次进行冲抓,重复以上操作,直至达到设计深度。造孔要保证平整垂直,孔位允许偏差±3cm。井孔套接中心在任一深度的偏差,不得大于设计墙厚的1/3。2、回填土坝渗透原因主要是因土质松散,回填土料的质量是保证套孔回填成功的关键,所以回填粘土不仅要去掉土料中的杂物,而且要求经过土工试验选择后达到要求的土质才能使用。土料性能指标按设计要求控制。土料开采后,应适当打碎,过干过湿都要选择,使之成为半干散土,混合材料,可利用当地粘土,经处理后拌入水泥,水泥掺合量大约1方土可加入110kg水泥,水灰比可按1:2.5控制。3、夯实97n回填土夯实是提高抗渗强度,防止坝面开裂的重要环节,因此夯实要严格按照规范操作。夯击功能一般不低于标准夯击功591.6KJ/M3,落锤夯击时,应保持夯锤1~2s的稳定时间,以免造成夯锤碰撞孔壁,降低夯击功能。回填时,夯距控制为3m,夯击次数25次,当距坝顶2m时,应减少单位冲量。夯距控制在2m内,以防坝顶开裂或沿孔周壅起。4、质量检查施工中及时进行检量检查观测,是保证套井回填施工质量的重要措施,通过现场取样,测定回填土的含水量,并检查确实后的干密度是否满足设计要求,否则应采取相应的处理措施,检查项目:①渗透系数小于1×10-6cm/s;②含水量控制在20%~30%;③夯实后干密度大于1.5g/cm3。7.3.6白蚁防治我国白蚁种类有400种之多,但对建筑危害最大的在南方主要是乳白蚁和堆沙白蚁,在北方和长江流域以北则是散白蚁。对白蚁的防治方法主要有以下四种:(1)生态防治法生态防治法是在建筑物、水利工程开工前、施工中、竣工后交付使用的长时间内和一系列的种植业工作中,根据防治白蚁的要求,采取各项必要的措施或开展各项活动,创造不利于白蚁滋生的环境,使建筑物、土质堤坝和农林作物等免遭白蚁危害的一类防治方法。(2)生物防治法97n以自然界存在的种间斗争和白蚁与真菌的关系为基础,利用白蚁的天敌来防治白蚁和利用真菌指示物找巢的方法。(3)物理机械防治法利用人工、器械和光、热、电、声、波等物理能来防治白蚁的方法。1、挖巢法2、诱杀法(灯光诱杀有翅成虫、食饵诱)3、热杀法4、建砂粒屏障阻止白蚁穿越5、生物物理学在白蚁防治中的应用(高频和微波灭蚁、放射性同位素示综、利用声频探巢、利用电阻率探巢、用探地雷达探测白蚁巢)(4)化学防治法利用各种有毒的化学物质——药剂,通过一定的方法,直接接触白蚁虫体,或者处理栖息、孳生场所、危害对象,使白蚁因接触或吞食药剂而中毒死亡,或者因此而产生忌避作用而不能侵入危害。它的特点是见效快、效率高,使用方法简便,受区域性的限制小。①、防治白蚁药剂的剂型粉剂、可湿性粉剂、乳剂、水剂、油剂、片剂(锭剂)、烟剂②、防治白蚁药剂的使用方法喷粉、喷液、压注、熏蒸、压烟、涂刷、浸渍、食诱药杀法、跟踪激素诱杀法、毒饵诱杀、建毒土带、浸种浸苗、浇灌、灌含药泥浆、防蚁药带包裹③、常用的防治白蚁药剂97n有机氯类:灭蚁灵、氯丹有机磷类:毒死蜱防治白蚁药剂的使用方法喷粉、喷液、压注、熏蒸、压烟、涂刷、浸渍、食诱药杀法、跟踪激素诱杀法、毒饵诱杀、建毒土带、浸种浸苗、浇灌、灌含药泥浆、防蚁药带包裹。7.3.7观测仪器埋设安装观测仪器安装施工应由专业人员进行,并在厂家技术人员指导下施工,严格按照有关规范进行验收。7.3.8主要施工机械表主要施工机械表序号设备名称规格单位数量1自卸汽车5t辆32挖掘机1m3台12蛙式打夯机2.8kw台13内燃压路机12-15t台14混凝土搅拌机0.2m3台25手持式风钻Y30把26单级离心泵20kw台197n7潜水泵7kw台18卷扬机5t台19汽车起重机5t台110推土机74kw台111胶轮架子车辆612灰浆搅拌机台213地质钻机150型台114冲抓钻8JZ-105台27.4施工工厂设施7.4.1混凝土系统混凝土用料主要为大坝上游护坡以及溢洪道护砌等,受地形条件的制约,拟在溢洪道和大坝之间设置混凝土拌和站,以保证工程混凝土用料。7.4.2机械修配及综合加工系统木料加工:主要制作模板,配有小圆锯2台,带锯机1台,压刨、平刨机各1台和圆锯盘修理间,占地98m2。钢材加工:主要制作钢筋、闸门配件等,占地为120m2,配有切断机,弯曲机和对焊机等。97n7.5施工总布置7.5.1施工总布置的原则施工总布置的方案,遵循因地制宜,有利生产,方便生活,便于管理,安全经济的原则进行,主要考虑以下几个方面:(1)根据各分项工程相互干扰因素较大,宜实行小范围、小规模联合作业的特点,生产生活设施分区结合布置。(2)尽量利用水库现有管理及生活设施,以减少临建工程的建设。7.5.2施工总布置本工程主要辅助施工设施:砼拌和站,钢材加工厂,木材加工厂,仓库、施工机械停放场,保养场,土料,块石开采堆放以及供水供电设施和生活营区等。(1)钢材加工厂,木材加工厂,仓库等集中布置于大坝右坝端空阔平地。(2)土料,石料等在料场开采加工后,运至工地,供水供电设施和生活营区等由管理所提供规划或靠近工地布置。(3)施工管理及生活区:利用水库附近的民房及空地布置管理区和生活区,另外增加临时工棚200m2。(4)施工区:分两个施工区,即大坝施工区和溢洪道施工区,97n布置在右坝端。(5)拌和系统:本工程砼及砂浆拌和工程量不大,采用小型移动式拌和机,布置在施工场所附近地区。(6)供电系统:利用现有电源。7.6施工总进度7.6.1设计依据(1)根据工程特点,施工受水位影响的项目应赶工,以免影响施工,并尽量减少围堰工程量。(2)施工项目多,布置分散,独立性较强,多个工作面可同时开工;(3)业主对工程总的工期要求。本次加固工程要求在枯水期完成,根据库区工程水文特点,每年的10月至次年3月为枯水期,为最佳施工期,防渗等主体工程要求汛期前完工。7.6.2施工分期工程筹建期不计入总工期,主要完成项目审批、招标、施工图设计,临时房屋、机械设施的准备及施工征地等手续办理。本工程从第1年9月中旬进场开工,第2年3月完工,共797n个月。工程准备期15天,主要完成施工单位进场,临时房屋、道路、辅助设施的修建等工作。工程扫尾期10天,主要为资料整理、工程验收、场地恢复与撤离等。7.6.3施工总进度自第1年10月至第2年3月为主体工程施工期,总工期为7个月。在此期间需完成大坝防渗、大坝护坡、溢洪道整治及监测系统等项目的施工。主体工程以大坝防渗处理施工为关键项目。工程形象进度分项目描述如下:大坝截渗墙施工从第1年10月上旬开始,次年3月底完成;大坝护坡从11月~2月上旬。溢洪道加固自第1年12月20日开工,3月20日完工。97n8工程概算8.1工程概况竹壁堰水库是一座以灌溉为主,兼顾防洪、养殖等综合利用的小(2)型水库,库址座落在津市市棠华乡黄金村境内,地理位置东经111°48′38″,北纬29°21′58″,该库于1960年9月动工,1960年12月竣工。本次除险加固的内容有:1)大坝除险加固;2)溢洪道加固改造;3)原涵管拆除,新建放水卧管及涵管;4)防汛公路改造;5)大坝观测设施完善;6)管理所危房改造。总工期为7个月。本次除险加固工程主要工程量见表8.1-1,本工程主要材料用量见表8.1-2。表8.1-1主要工程量表项目单位数量土石方明挖m314265土石方填筑m315467砼m3710钢筋制安t16.9冲抓套井m165897n表8.1-2主要材料用量表项目单位数量工时万个10.42块石m31229水泥t334河砂m3833碎(卵)石m3644钢材t18.18.2投资主要指标工程总投资为354.93万元,其中:建筑工程投资231.21万元,机电设备及安装工程投资10.48万元,临时工程投资30.33万元,独立费用52.33万元,基本预备费16.25万元,水(环)保工程投资13.63万元。8.3编制原则和依据8.3.1编制原则a)湖南省水利厅关于颁发《湖南省水利水电工程设计概(估)算编制规定》的通知(湘水建管[2008]16号)。b)本概算按2011年7月份价格水平编制。8.3.2定额依据a)建筑工程采用水利部水总[2002]116号文颁发的《水利建筑工程概算定额》、水总[2005]389号文发布的《水利建筑工程概算补充定额》。97nb)安装工程采用水建[1993]63号文发布的《中小型水利水电设备安装工程概算定额》。c)施工机械台时费水利部水总[2002]116号文颁发的《水利工程施工机械台时费定额》。8.4基础单价8.4.1人工预算单价人工预算单价按省水利厅湘水建管[2008]第16号文的规定计算。其中:工长为9.87元/工时,高级工为9.32元/工时,中级工为7.22元/工时,初级工为5.60元/工时。8.4.2材料预算价格主要材料按当地市场价和当地运价资料进行计算,次要材料采用津市市物价信息最新公布材料价格计算。主要材料限价:水泥280元/t,钢筋3200元/t,汽油3800元/t,柴油3600元/t,砂卵石(外购)50元/m3,块石料(外购)60元/m3限价进入单价计算,价差部分取费只计取税金。1)钢筋:从常德市购买,运距90km(常德市—工地),综合单价为5005.80元/t。2)水泥:从津市市购买,运距45km(津市市—工地),综合单价为494.40元/t。97n3)砂石料单价河砂:从津市新洲镇采购,运距45km(新洲镇—工地),综合单价为80.50元/m3。卵石:从津市新洲镇采购,运距45km(新洲镇—工地),综合单价为88.20元/m3。块石:从津市新洲镇采购,运距50km(新洲镇—工地),综合单价为111.00元/m3。8.4.3施工风、水、电价格施工用风、水、电价格根据施工组织设计计算,分别为0.15元/m3、0.80元/m3,0.88元/kwh。8.4.4机电、金属结构设备价格机电、金属结构设备价格采用询价、厂家报价并参考湖南省类似工程价格确定。8.5费率标准取费标准按省水利厅湘水建管[2008]第16号文规定的“其他水利工程”计取,工程单价包括直接费、其他直接费、现场经费、间接费、利润及税金,费率标准见表8.5-1。97n表8.5-1工程取费费率标准表单位:%工程项目其它直接费现场经费间接费利润税金费率取费基础费率取费基费率取费基础费率取费基础费率取费基础土方工程3.0直接费3.5直接费3.5直接工程费7直接工程费+间接费3.22直接工程费+间接费+利润石方工程3.53.5砌石工程5.55.5模板工程55混凝土工程54钢筋制安工程33钻孔灌浆工程6.56.5其他工程66安装工程4.140人工费45人工费8.6独立费用按湖南省水利厅颁布的《湖南省小型水库除险加固初步设计导则》及国家发展改革委、建设部颁发的关于《建设工程监理与相关服务收费管理规定》(发改价格[2007]670号文中的相关规定执行。其中:建设人员经常费、工程管理经常费按建安工程量的3%计列,工程建设监理费按建安工程量的2.5%计列,项目建设管理费和工程监理费总额按不超过建安工程费的5.5%计列;环境保护和水土保持投资分列按建安工程费的2%和3%计列;科研勘测设计费按一至四部分合计的6.5%计列。97n8.7预备费基本预备费按工程第一至五部分投资总计的5%计取;根据国家计委颁发的计投资[1999]1340号文精神,未计取价差预备费。8.8工程总投资工程静态总投资354.93万元,详见工程总概算表8.8-1。97n表8.8-1工程总概算表序工程或费用名称建安设备其他费用合计号工程费购置费 工程部分投资 325.05I第一部分建筑工程231.21 231.21第二部分机电设备安装工程2.148.34 10.48第三部分金结设备安装工程0.000.70 0.70第四部分施工临时工程30.33 30.33第五部分独立费用 52.3352.33基本预备费 16.25总投资 341.30 II移民环境投资 环境保护投资5.45 5.45水土保持投资8.18 8.18总投资 13.63 III工程总投资 338.68基本预备费5% 16.25静态总投资 354.9397