某公司废水处理改造项目可行性研究报告 88页

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全措施5412.1.3劳动安全措施5512.1.4工业卫生措施5612.2消防设施5712.2.1编制依据5712.2.2消防措施5712.3预期效果及建议58第十三章组织机构与人力资源配置5981Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、13.1组织机构5913.2人力资源配置及培训6013.2.1工作制度6013.2.2劳动定员及来源6013.2.3人员培训60第十四章项目管理及实施进度计划6114.1项目管理6114.2实施进度计划61第十五章项目招投标方案6415.1招标6415.1招标原则6415.2项目招标范围6415.3投标、开标、评标和中标程序6415.4评标委员会的人员组成和资格要求6615.5招标基本情况表66第十六章工程投资估算6816.1投资估算6816.1.1编制依据6816.1.2投资估算范围6816.1.3其它计算原则和标准6816.1.4总投资（需财务分析人员进行分析）69第十七章财务评价7181Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、17.1财务评价7117.2不确定性分析7417.3经济评价结论意见76注：本经济计算表格由于计算机取整问题，计算表中可能有个别数据的合计或累加等对应关系有一定误差，此问题不影响计算。78第十八章环境及社会效益分析7918.1环境效益7918.2社会效益7981Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、第一章总论1.1项目名称与承办单位1.1.1项目名称####公司废水处理改造项目可研1.1.2项目承办单位、法人代表项目承办单位：####公司法人代表：####1.1.3建设地点############吕家崖村1.1.4可行性研究报告编制单位编制单位：资格证书编号：1.2研究工作的依据、内容及范围1.2.1研究依据1、关于编制《####公司废水处理改造项目可行性研究报告》的委托合同；2、《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》（国发[2005]39号）；3、####市创建国家环境保护模范城市、环境综合整治协调领导小组《关于印发环境污染综合整治实施方案的通知》（三环治〔20061号）；4、《####市人民政府污染源限期治理通知书》（三政限[2006]7号）；81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、5、项目承办单位提供的有关基础数据、技术资料；6、工程技术人员调查的有关资料、数据等。1.2.2研究内容和范围1．项目建设的必要性和有利条件。2．建设规模，产品方案及市场预测。3．原料化工料供应来源。4．工艺技术和主要设备的选择。5．工程技术方案。6．环境保护与安全卫生。7．节能与资源综合利用。8．经济评价。1.2.3编制原则1、执行国家关于环境保护政策，符合国家有关法规、规范及标准。2、在厂区总体规划和公司经济发展战略思想指导下，根据企业今后的发展方向和环境条件，使工程建设和企业生产发展相协调，在保护环境的同时最大限度地发挥工程的效益。3、本着化害为利、变废为宝的原则，采用先进的废水处理技术，减少废水排放，达到中水回用，节约水资源，创造直接的经济效益。4、用高效、低耗、投资少、运行费用低、运行稳定、操作管理方便、可靠成熟的废水处理工艺，确保中水回用的处理效果。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat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lection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、1．争取政府在政策、财政等方面的支持，使企业发展有一个稳定、积极的社会环境；2．严格执行环保“三同时”原则，黑液治理技术要在充分论证试验的基础上使用，投入了这部分建设资金，就要保证环保设施可靠、稳定、长期运行；3．加强纳米膜过滤系统的维护，延长膜过滤的寿命，以降低生产成本。4．由于项目采用先进设备、技术和工艺，承办单位应注意员工的培训，使之尽快掌握操作技术和提高管理水平，以保证质量、降低成本。项目实施后，废水中污染物COD排放量得到消减。经财务评价，本项目新增收益高于新增的成本费用，可保本运营，并且环保及社会效益显著。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、第二章项目的提出及建设必要性2.1项目承办单位概况####公司前身是####化学纤维厂，始建于1970年，是生产化纤棉浆粕的专业厂家。在过去的计划经济时期，企业经营曾取得较好的成绩，也曾为地方的经济社会发展做出了突出贡献。但由于机制、体制等原因，企业管理不善，经营步入困境，严重资不抵债，被迫于2005年5月依法宣告破产。####公司就是在收购重组原####化学纤维厂破产财产的基础上组建的企业法人。####公司位于############吕家崖村，占地面积16.61万平方米，建筑面积7.9万平方米，拥有资产2.3亿元，现有职工980人，其中各类工程技术人员110人。公司主导产品为化纤棉浆粕，年生产能力3万吨，居全国同行业前列，产品远销新乡、丹东、吉林、唐山、大同、成都等全国各地，产品质量优良，经营态势强劲，居有较强的市场竞争能力和应变能力。2006年产值32569万元，利税3879万元。2007年产值51465万元，利税8495万元。2.2项目背景####公司，现有的污染治理设施齐全，运转正常，各项排放指标均达到标准要求。治污设施亦能满足生产需要。由于现有的棉浆污水治理采用传统的生化、物化处理工艺，虽然处理效果较好，尚能满足81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.Para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208个，其中五级旅游资源7个(温塘温泉、黄河白天鹅湿地保护区、蝴蝶谷、达摩、空相寺、七里古槐、店子千年槲树)，四级旅游资源43个（熊耳山、小龙峡、螃蟹谷、甘山红叶、天井窑院、矿泉水、原店明清民居等），三级旅游资源63个（高阳山、刘秀峰、甘露峰、达摩殿、澄泥砚、摩崖造像、大营麻花、观音堂牛肉等），三级以下旅游资源95个。特色食品、剪纸、刺绣等旅游产品品种繁多，大营麻花、观音堂牛肉古今有名。####不仅有滔滔不绝的黄河水，而且有十分丰富的地下水。境内有水库13座，河流33条，泉水85处。水资源为2.64亿立方米。####已被国家列为能源、原材料、重化工基地。境内有总容量40万千瓦的####水力发电厂和装机容量120万千瓦的华阳电厂，以及2×5.5万千瓦的####热电厂。华阳电厂2×60万千瓦的二期发电工程和惠能集团2×15万千瓦热电联产二期工程即将竣工投产，三期工程2×81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、20万千瓦热电联产项目前期工作已近尾声，年底可开工建设。####境内矿产品种多、储量大、埋藏浅、易开采。已探明矿产9大类32种，矿产潜在经济价值达200多亿元。其中15种已相继开发利用。煤炭、铝矾土、黄金、矿泉水为四大支柱资源。已探明原煤储量4.2亿吨，铝矾土储量2亿吨，黄金探明储量25吨。特别是位于县城的温塘矿泉水，时补给量6000吨，水温高达62℃，含42种对人体有益的微量元素，可与法国维希矿泉相媲美。国家国土资源部确定为“####第一矿泉水开发基地”。此外还有铁、石英石、石灰石、重晶石、优质高岭土等多种矿产资源。采矿业已成为####的支柱产业之一。3.2.5基础设施条件1、交通厂区东距####10公里，西距####西站4公里，南依陇海铁路，北邻连霍高速公路，交通极为便利。2．水源本项目工程用水量为42.5t/h，生产、生活、消防用水由由####公司供应。3．电源电力供应由####市电力公司架设的专线直通该工程厂区。新建工程用电负荷1153.29KW，原有供电设施能满足需求。工程年耗电：605.5×104KWh。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、原有变配电能力可以满足要求。各车间视负荷情况，由变配电所以0.38/0.23KV低压向车间配电设备供电，视情况采用放射式、树干式、链式。4．蒸汽新建工程蒸汽用量为4.25t/h，公司锅炉房能满足供给。5．燃料供应####是产煤大省，本地有####煤矿，且本地区距山西很近，供应无问题，汽车运输或火车运输都很方便。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.Paragraaaaaaaaaaaaaa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aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、单位：mg/L项目CODCrSSpH现状35635008.0～105.2.2改造后进水水质表5-4设改造后进水水质主要指标单位：mg/L项目CODCrSSpH现状10134707～125.2.3出水水质根据工艺实际产污过程及出水的要求，出水水质经污水处理站“厌氧+好氧法+物化法”处理，出水水质达到如下表要求表5-5设计出水水质主要指标（厌氧+好氧法+物化法）单位：mg/l项目CODCrBOD5SS色度pH处理后≤250≤102≤148≤506～95.3企业改造后工程水量平衡图81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、改造后水平衡蒸汽单位：m3/d295532582蒸球蒸ab482287254调浆碱站1791195673315201325836膜处理蒸ab挤浆5562711454蒸发蒸ab471调浆851725磨浆295改造后日排水量7594m3蒸发散失循环利用蒸发散失69干燥蒸ab727134677906新鲜水3183181732506044316813173648909671818181836361818808881721822181900050001818347127271364198491900017251725生活厌氧系统锅炉除尘及厌氧系统锅炉蒸球抄造软化水洗浆抄造调浆厌氧系统好氧系统厌氧系统漂洗调浆浓缩调浆81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、第六章废水处理工艺方案选择6.1废水处理工艺方案比选原则6.1.1工艺方案确定原则1、符合设计委托的各项规定和要求；2、认真贯彻国家关于环境保护的方针和政策，使设计符合国家的有关法规、规范；经处理后排放的污水水质符合国家和地方有关排放标准和规定，符合环境影响评价的要求；3、积极稳妥地引进、采用先进的污水处理和污泥处理的新工艺、新技术和新材料；4、采用先进可靠并符合国情的自动化控制技术，尽可能减轻工人的劳动强度，提高污水处理站的管理水平，促进污水处理科学、经济、安全运行；5、工艺流程选择遵循技术合理、经济合算、运转稳定、管理简单便原则。6.1.2工程特点化学棉浆粕主要以棉短绒为原料，以水为介质，采用碱法蒸煮、漂洗工艺进行生产，其过程类似造纸工业的制浆单元，属物理化学过程，即将棉短绒中非纤维物质洗脱出来。洗脱出来的物质主要化学成份为木质素、果胶、脂肪、蜡质等天然有机物及相应的转化产物，这些物质进入水相，形成废水中主要污染物，且碱度较高。棉浆粕生产废水属高浓度有机废水，其CODcr、BOD5浓度均很高，且BOD5／CODcr的比值仅在0.3左右。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、棉浆粕生产废水主要为蒸煮后黑液及洗漂等各工序排出废水，黑液中含残碱和大量有机及无机杂质。生产企业耗水指标与废水产生系数随其清洁生产水(包括技术装备和水重复利用工艺)的不同差异较大，一般耗水指数为100～210m3／t产品，废污水产生系数为80～200m3／t产品。相应黑液和综合废水的CODcr浓度差别也较大，浓黑液CODcr浓度一般为25000～70000mg／L，综合废水的CODcr浓度为1500～3000mg／L。黑液中污染物负荷占所排污染负荷的85％以上，综合废水污染负荷仅占所排污染负荷的15％以下。####公司为解决生产废水处理难题，在国内充分调研基础，近年来一直在实施以节水、减污、资源综合利用为中心的清污分流和清洁生产技术改造，目前己使吨浆排水总量由135m3／t产品降至100m3／t产品，达到了国内较好的水平，还已完成较高浓度废水与中低浓度废水的清洁分流设施与部分管网的技术改造，并将部分高浓黑液(600m3／d)送至锅炉除尘器(麻石水膜除尘器)以代替一次水作为除尘水使用，该措施可使进入除尘器的黑液污染负荷降低近20％，碱度降至pH为10～11，在一定程度降低了进入废水处理站的废水污染负荷，同时也使锅炉烟气中S02含量大为降低，是一项一举多得以废治废的措施。目前在此情况下进入全厂废水处理站的主要废水有：蒸煮冲洗、挤浆排出的黑液中的一部分和另一部分经除尘澄清后的黑液，打浆、浓缩、漂白酸化排出的中、低浓度废水以及全厂生活废水等。目前需处理废水总量达11000m3／d左右，若将各股废水混合后其CODcr值平均3500mg／L左右，这也是目前现有废水处81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、理站从处理规模和处理工艺上分析难以做到达标处理的主要原因。6.2废水中主要污染物去除方式6.2.1悬浮物(SS)的去除污水中悬浮物的去除主要有沉淀作用。污水中比重大于1.0的无机物颗粒和大尺度的有机颗粒靠自然沉淀的作用就可以去除，比重接近1.0的小尺度颗粒可以通过气浮作用去除，同时，有机颗粒还可以通过微生物的降解作用去除，而粒径更小的无机颗粒（大小在胶体和亚胶体范围内）还可以通过吸附、网捕作用沉淀被去除。污水处理工程出水悬浮物浓度不仅涉及到出水的SS指标，其本身的有机成分就很高，因此对出水的COD等指标也有直接影响，所以控制污水处理工程出水的SS指标是最基本的，也是最重要的。为了降低出水中的悬浮物浓度，需要在工程中采用适当的措施，例如投加适量的混凝剂促使悬浮颗粒聚集沉淀，以保持污泥的凝聚及沉降性能。在污水处理方案选择适当，工艺参数取值合理，单体设计优化的前提下，完全能够使出水的SS指标控制在60mg/l以下。6.2.2BOD5的去除废水中BOD5的去除是通过微生物的吸附作用和代谢作用，再对污泥与水进行分离完成的。活性污泥中的微生物在有氧的条件下，将废水中的一部分有机物用于合成新的细胞，将另一部分有机物进行分解代谢以便获得细胞合成所需的能量，其最终产物是CO2和H2O稳定物质。这也是废水中BOD5的降解过程。在这种合成代谢和分解代谢过程中，溶解性的有81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、机物(例如低分子有机酸等易降解有机物)直接进入细胞内部被利用；而非溶解性的有机物则首先被吸附在微生物表面，然后被酶水解后进入细胞内部被利用。由此可见，微生物的好氧代谢作用对废水中的溶解性有机物和非溶解性有机物都起作用，并且代谢产物是稳定物质，因此可以使处理的废水中的残余BOD5浓度很低。6.2.3COD的去除废水中COD的去除原理与BOD5基本相同，COD的去除率取决于原水中的可生化性，它与废水的组成有关。对于主要以生活废水及其成分与生活废水相似的工业废水，其BOD5/CODcr对比值往往接近0.5，甚至大于0.5，其废水的可生化性较好，出水中的CODcr值可以控制在较低的水平。而成分以工业废水为主的废水，或BOD5/CODcr的比值较小废水，其废水的可生化性较差，处理后废水残存的CODcr会较高，要满足出水的CODcr浓度要求有一定的难度。6.3污水处理工艺的选择针对行业的现状，为从根本上解决化纤棉浆的污水治理，为企业赢得生存和发展空间，成立专门机构，抽出专门技术力量，奔赴科研部门及高等院校，深入同行业生产厂家，进行了长期的考察和调研，拟定出蒸煮黑液分离提取，集中回收，使之资源化利用。将分离后剩余废水与中段废水送入现有的污水处理系统进行处理。6.3.1棉浆黒液的处理工艺一．碱回收法81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、该处理工艺技术是借鉴制浆造纸行业黑液用碱回收工艺方法，以达到处理棉浆黑液的目的。该工艺技术已成熟运用于造纸行业。其工艺流程如下：黑液蒸发燃烧苛化氢氧化钠黑液经过蒸发工序的高温高压作用，将水份蒸发掉，使黑液经过蒸发浓缩后，黑液的有机物浓度得到提高，然后将浓缩后的黑液送到碱回收燃烧炉燃烧，最后用石灰将回收的含碳酸钠的溶液苛化，使之变成生产用的烧碱(氢氧化钠)，用于棉浆生产。但是，由于棉浆黑液不同于造纸黑液，它们既有共同点，又有所区别。其共同点在于黑液中均含有有机物和残碱；区别在于棉浆黑液有机物含量低，热值低，而无机物含量高，这样给采用碱回收工艺处理带来一定困难。正因为棉浆黑液这些自身的特点也带来一些有利因素，如棉浆黑液浓度低，给黑液的浓缩和运输带来很大便利，可使黑液蒸发得更浓一些，再进碱回收燃烧炉燃烧，以弥补固形物热值低的弊端。同时由于棉浆黑液热值低，为了维持燃烧炉的正常运行，必须在燃烧黑液的同时补充一部分重油，以保证燃烧炉的稳定燃烧，这样势必也加大了运行成本。经考察调研，我们认为虽然碱回收工艺处理技术，在理论上是可行的，但由于目前尚无应用到棉浆黑液的处理先例，尚需对该工艺技术做进一步的分析和探讨。二．利用黑液生产粘结剂、分散剂、减水剂等产品81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、该处理工艺技术，是利用棉浆黑液中含有一定量的木质素的特点，并借鉴木浆、草浆黑液生产粘结剂、分散剂、减水剂的成功经验，达到处理棉浆黑液的目的。其工艺流程如下：浆料进入棉浆生产下道工序蒸煮浆料Ⅱ道挤浆提取黑液黑液前处理膜过滤分离系统浓缩黑液蒸发系统化学改性喷雾干燥污冷水回用粘结剂、分散剂、减水剂等产品清液回收·该技术是将蒸煮后的浆料送入挤浆机进行挤浆，使浆料和黑液分离，从而提取黑液。然后将提取的黑液经予处理后送入膜过滤系统进行浓缩，过滤的清液送入生产系统回用，浓缩后的浓黑液进入蒸发系统，蒸发后的浓缩液经加药进行化学改性后进入干燥系统干燥，从而生产出粘结剂、分散剂、减水剂等产品。该处理技术已在木浆、草浆黑液处理中得到广泛应用，已有成功的先例。####公司已利用该技术，结合公司的实际情况进行了全程的工艺技术试验。据目前的小试情况，在技术上已经解决了工艺中存在的主要问题，其技术可行性已基本得到验证。因此，我们认为，采用棉浆黑液生产粘结剂、分散剂、减水剂等产品的处理技术是可行的。在项目建设过程中还要进一步进行粘结剂、分散剂、减水剂等产品的推介宣传，使市场认知接受，从而将其推向市场。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、6.3.2中段污水治理中段污水处理工艺为现有的污水处理系统。棉浆黑液经过挤浆分离提取后，虽然大部分黑液已被提取利用，但还有25％左右的黑液残留在浆料纤维中，并携带到棉浆生产的下道工序，形成中段污水。对这部分中段污水经浓度调节后，进入现有的污水处理系统的厌氧工段，进行生化反应，然后进入综合调节池同精选污水一并送入耗氧、加药絮凝工段进行物化反应后达标排放。其处理工艺如下：污泥集泥池污泥浓缩污泥脱水污泥外运中段污水调节池初沉池水解沉淀厌氧沉淀污泥精选污水调节池耗氧曝气加药絮凝絮凝沉淀达标排放污泥污泥污泥81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.Paragrap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aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、2．膜分离系统是该项目的关键环节之一，其目的是将提取的黑液进行预浓缩，以降低蒸发工段的能源消耗，同时还能回收利用部分黑液中的烧碱。在设备选型过程中，主要要求膜分离系统能够适应棉浆黑液PH值高的特点，以满足系统长期运行的要求。利用人工合成的有机薄膜，以压差为推动力，根据滤膜对溶质(有机物、氢氧化钠)选择性透过小分子、截留高分子的特性，使高分子得到浓缩、富集。被膜截留的部分为浓缩液，透过的为渗透液。低分子(碱)膜组件分离膜溶剂(水)渗滤液进料液高分子(有机物)浓缩液3．蒸发站是黑液浓缩的重要环节，目前国内黑液蒸发常用的有板式、管式升、降膜蒸发技术，在充分考察国内制浆黑液蒸发设备使用现状及试验的基础上，该项目拟采用板式降膜式蒸发器。4．干燥系统是该项目的终端环节，根据国内同类项目干燥设备的使用状况，项目建设单位与有关厂家进行了多次干燥试验，最终确定采用喷雾式干燥设备。7.2.2主要工艺设备本项目主机设备选型，主要是根据我国国情，立足国内，使用先进的国内设备和经过多年生产实践证明稳定可靠的设备，以确保整个生产线的先进性与可靠性。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、主要工艺设备一览表：序号设备名称规格型号单位数量备注1螺旋挤浆机Φ600台6山东凯登2膜分离系统纳米膜套1上海凯能3蒸发站5体5效2855m2　套1江苏华机4干燥系统套1无锡干燥机厂5贮槽套1自制7.2.3原材料消耗情况序号原材料名称规格单耗(kg/t)年耗用量(吨)备注1黑液2硫酸98％203403甲醛37％101704二氧化硫99％203407.3废水处理站工程量减水剂生产的主要车间建筑物有膜分离间、蒸发间、干燥间等；生产过程中使用大量易燃原料、腐蚀性原料介质。防火、防腐是工程土建设计中需重点考虑的内容。主要车间采用框架结构，其它辅助房屋及生活设施为砖混结构。在厂房的平面规划中，合理组织疏散通道。疏散出口、数量、最远点至外出口的距离都要满足防火规范的要求。减水剂生产的车间主要受酸、酸雾的作用属于气态或液态腐蚀，必须进行针对性的防腐处理，其地面、墙面、顶棚、池内壁、沟道均需进行严格设防，要有针对性地选择不同结构材料、结构形式和性能优良的防护材料，采取综合的防腐蚀措施。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、本项目各建筑物屋面一般采用小坡度卷材料防水平屋面，具体构造根据生产工艺要求和建筑物构造处理，屋面排水尽可能采取有组织排水。本项目新建建筑面积832m2。建(构)筑物一览表序号单元名称数量设计参数备注1膜分离车间1432m2框架2蒸发、干燥车间1400m2框架81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、第八章配套管网工程设计8.1原有生产废水排水管网系统厂区原有污水处理站已经已建立比较完善的污水管网系统，此次设计，需要对原有污水处理站管网进行改造，使其污水排放满足现有生产规模、清洁生产和保护环境的需求。8.2设计原则及依据为了配合废水改造工程的建设，并充分发挥其环境效益，需要建设与之相匹配的废水管网系统。本项目废水管网系统主要是用来收集各工段产生的废水，并经管道输送到废水处理站进行处理，以达到节约资源、减少污染的目的。管网建设的原则是：1、废水管网的建设符合企业的总体规划，从全局观点出发，合理解决废水排放问题，使废水管道建设与其他工程构成有机整体，发挥最大效益。2、废水管网设计应符合国家和地方制订的有关法律法规，以及工程设计规范、标准等的要求。3、管线布置应充分考虑自然地形，尽量减小管道的埋设深度。同时考虑施工简单，便于管理维护。4、根据具体情况，本着安全、经济、方便的原则选择管材，达到节省工程投资的目的。5、处理好废水管与现状建筑物、构筑物、道路以及其它管线的关系。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、8.3管网设计的内容为了确保污水处理站的正常运行，需对厂区的排水管道进行改造，本项目将对现有管网实施改造，改造内容如下：1、厂区部分新建各车间至废水处理站之间的废水输送管道。2、厂房内部完善各车间内的废水收集管道。8.4管材的确定8.4.1废水管道选择废水管道管材的选择，既要考虑适用，又要考虑经济因素。一般着重考虑以下几个因素：1、能满足生产需要；2、所有管材选用必须符合国家现行标准；3、有足够的强度和耐磨抗腐蚀能力；4、水力条件好；5、建设投资省。目前广泛使用的是混凝土管和钢筋混凝土管、金属管、砖砌明渠，另外还有大型钢筋混凝土沟渠、石砌渠道等，近年来塑料管也得以推广应用。另外，当管道在腐蚀工况下运行时，也有使用陶土管的。设计时一般根据水质、水温、冰冻情况、断面尺寸、土质、地下水位、地下水侵蚀性、管内外所受压力及现场施工条件等因素进行选择，尽可能就地取材，降低成本。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、表8-1各种管材比较管材种类优点缺点适用条件钢筋混凝土管及混凝土管造价较低，耗钢材少；可根据不同内、外压分别设计制成无压管、低压管、预应力管及轻、重型管等；可就地取材制造管接较短，接头较多，施工不方便；大口径管重量大，搬运不方便；抗沉降、抗震性较差钢筋混凝土管适用于自流压力管或穿越铁路、河流、谷地等HDPE穿孔管摩阻小，耐腐蚀，重量轻，施工快捷管径增大，价格较高适用于≤DN500的管道钢管及铸钢管质地坚固，抗压、抗沉降、抗震性能强；每节管子较长，接头少价格高；钢管对酸碱的防蚀性较差适用于受高内压、高外压或对抗渗漏要求特别高的场合，如泵站的进出水管，穿越其它管道的架空管，穿越铁路、河流等81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、结合本项目的生产实际、废水种类、管道受压状况、埋设地点、土质、资金等条件，经过综合技术经济分析认为，小管径HDPE在给、排水工程中具有施工方便、综合造价低等优势，成为应用最为广泛的管材，故本项目排水管采用PE排水管。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPo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esToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、3、设置能源检测仪表，加强对能源的计量和管理。4、污水处理各工段流程合理、布局紧凑，尽量减少各污物的周转的距离，降低能耗。10.4节能措施10.4.1改进生产工艺，采用高效大容量节能设备本工程采用新工艺及设备与国内传统工艺和设备相比，设备配台数、公用工程消耗量均降低很多，同时生产也能达到国内最好水平。1．黑液提取设备目前国内制浆行业应用较广泛的有螺旋挤浆机，单台年产能力大幅提高，减少了设备，提高了效率，节约了能源。2．膜分离系统是该项目的关键环节之一，其目的是将提取的黑液进行预浓缩，以降低蒸发工段的能源消耗，同时还能回收利用部分黑液中的烧碱。3．采用喷雾式干燥设备以提高效率，节约能源。10.4.2电气设备节能1．选用S9型低损耗节能变压器。2．车间变配电所装有低压电容器自动补偿，减少无功损耗。3．变配电所接近负荷中心，减少低压配电网络长度，降低电网损耗。4．高压及低压，每一出线回路设电度计量考核。5．各车间附房内照明灯具采用一灯一控方式，厂区路灯采用集中控制。6．暖通设备均配用Y系列节能电机，提高设备效率。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、10.5建筑节能1、在保证冬季室内热环境、改善夏季热舒适性和坚持卫生标准的前提下，降低单位建筑面积的能耗，提高建筑物的保温隔热性能，尽量利用自然采光和自然通风。2、采用合理的建筑体形及窗墙类型，推广保温隔热性能好的围护结构，围护结构的外墙、屋顶及地面的热工性能，应符合现行国家标准《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》的规定。3、项目建设中要采用新型建筑材料、高效隔热材料、节能型门窗等。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、第十一章环境影响评价11.1设计依据与设计标准11.1.1设计依据1、《中华人民共和国环境保护法》（1989.12.26）；2、《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》（1995.8）；3、《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》（1996）；4、《建设项目环境保护管理条例》（国务院第253号）；5、《国务院关于环境保护若干问题的决定》（国发《1996》31号）。11.1.2设计标准1、《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-1996)；2、《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)；3、《工业企业厂界噪声标准》(GB12348-92)；4、《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GBl6297-1996)；5、《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB14554-93)；6、《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）。11.2项目建设和生产对环境的影响11.2.1项目建设对环境的影响1、污染源施工期间施工机械及运输车辆等会产生非稳态噪声。施工地的生活污水、施工中开挖的土方和堆放的建筑材料被雨水冲刷会形成废水，各类施工人员会产生生活污水。建筑材料在运输、装卸、拌合及81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、土方堆放过程中易产生扬尘。施工过程中开挖的土方和废弃的建筑材料会产生固体废弃物。2、治理措施施工期间可限制高噪声施工时间，夜晚停止施工，选用低噪声性能的施工机械。施工地生活污水经化粪池预处理后，集中排出。对施工开挖的土方和堆放的建筑材料采取围护和遮盖等措施防治流失，或由专人负责定期清运。建筑材料在运输、装卸产生扬尘，采取将运输车辆车厢密闭，定期清扫施工场地及运输路面上散落的土、石方，定期洒水等措施。施工期固体废弃物经集中收集后外运处理。以上各种污染通过合理控制后，均能满足环保要求。11.2.2项目生产过程产生的污染物对环境的影响1、废水废水包括生产废水及生活污水。棉浆粕生产废水主要为蒸煮后黑液及洗漂等各工序排出废水，黑液中含残碱和大量有机及无机杂质本项目废水处理设施正常运行后，处理后的废水外排，且外排废水污染物浓度较低，这对改善当地的地表水环境有积极的作用。2、污泥本项目产生的污泥处置不当，势必会对周围环境产生一定的影响，产生二次污染。厌氧、好氧装置排出的污泥经浓缩池浓缩后，尚有约95％—81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、97％的含水率，体积仍然很大，为了综合利用和最终处置，需要减容减量，进行干化和脱水处理，本项目拟采用板框脱水机进行污泥脱水，同时还将建污泥临时堆场，根据《固体废物污染环境防治法》要求，固体废物的堆积、贮存必须采取防扬散、防流失、防渗漏等污染防治措施。临时堆放场的建设还必须满足以下要求：（1）临时堆放场地面硬化，设顶棚和围墙，达到不扬散、不流失、不渗漏的要求。（2）堆放场设排水设施，防洪沟收集场外的污水，避免其进入堆放场，排水沟收集污泥堆放场沥出水，再引入污水处理站处理后排放。（3）污泥堆放场还应注意通风，污泥处理过程中逸出的臭气可通过平面布局或采取脱臭处理措施，使排放的恶臭污染物符合《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB14554）的规定，空气质量符合《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095）的有关规定，用户必须及时外运利用，不能长期堆放。3、噪声本项目的主要噪声源为生产设备电机等产生的噪声。噪声治理从工艺过程着手，减少噪声源，在设备选型过程中选用先进的低噪声设备，在总图布置中执行GB12348—90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》。对产生高噪声设备均采用降噪处理，在设计中对于主要产生噪声的设备，如泵类、风机、放空管等都设有消音器及隔音操作室，对于主要产生噪声的大型设备，设隔音墙、吸声板等，以减弱车间内噪声。11.3绿化81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、为了美化环境、净化空气，可种植净化空气效果较好的夹竹桃树、常青树种和草坪，形成有效的绿化屏障，达到防噪、隔臭、吸尘的功能。本项目充分利用车间周围空地进行绿化，提高厂区绿化覆盖率，创造一个良好的环境卫生条件。11.4环境监测本项目环境监测主要对象是废水和污泥，设专职环保人员，负责环境保护工作，并制定严格的管理制度，使厂内环境保护工作有效运作。通过对污染物进行监测，对各种处理设施的运行状况、净化效果进行评价，及时发现并解决运行中出现的问题，同时也为控制投药量、废水（泥）的负荷量及有关运行提供依据，并且对经济核算，科学试验，与积累技术资料等方面的工作有着较大的指导意义。11.5环境影响评价针对项目产生的污染，经过综合和科学的治理，均能得到有效的控制，并最大限度地加以综合利用。所有排放物可以做到按国家规定的排放标准达标排放。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、第十二章劳动安全卫生与消防12.1劳动安全与工业卫生12.1.1劳动安全卫生标准认真贯彻“安全第一、预防为主”的方针，确保项目投产后符合国家规定的安全卫生要求，保障劳动者在劳动过程中不受侵害和影响身体健康。根据国家工业与安全方面的法规、标准的规定，并按三同时的设计原则，认真落实工业卫生与安全技术措施和实施。本工程的安全与工业卫生遵照下列规范和标准进行设计。(1)．《工业企业设计卫生标准》(GBZ1-2002)(2)．《工作场所有害因素职业接触限制》(GBZ2-2002)(3)．《工业企业总平面设计规范》(GB50187-93)(4)．《工业企业噪声控制设计规范》(GBJ87-85)(5)．《建筑设计防火规范》(GBJ16-87，2001年版)(6)．《工业建筑防腐蚀设计规范》(GB50046-2001)(7)．《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)(8)．《工业企业采光设计标准》(GB50033-91)(9)．《建筑照明设计标准》(GB50034-2004)(10)．《建筑物防雷设计规范》(GB50057-94)(11)．《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》(GB50116-98)(12)．《生产设备安全卫生设计总则》(GB5083-85)12.1.2建筑及场地布置安全措施1、厂址自然条件安全81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、建厂所在地为8度地震区，所有建(构)筑物均按《建筑防震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)进行设计。2、总图布置安全总图布置考虑安全因素，如消防通道、道路宽度、道路转弯半径要满足安全使用要求。车间等所有建(构)筑物均按《建筑防火设计规范》(GBJ16-872001年版)进行设计。12.1.3劳动安全措施1、所有设备的传动部分均设置安全防护罩，防止操作人员误触；各种可能造成机械伤害的设备，均配备紧急制动装置和安全联锁装置。工艺装置所用机械设备应尽量选用无泄漏设备、防止有毒有害气体泄漏。2、为防止各种电器事故的发生，设计中均按国家现行的电气规范设计。所有产生静电的设备进行静电接地，防止工业静电引发的事故。3、重视安全用电，所有上岗的电器人员必须通过严格考核，电器操作必须符合安全规程。此外，本设计对触电防护要求较高的低压电设备、插座以及移动电器设备设置漏电保护装置；对高、低压用电设备及馈电线路设置过载、短路、失压、短相保护；对电力系统的配电设备及机台控制设备，设有必要的保护环节和信号，以确保在各种事故状态下的用电安全。4、对压力容器、管道必须经常检修，确保污水处理站安全运行。5、在污水处理站各种池下都有可能存在有毒有害气体，如硫化氢、一氧化碳等有毒气体，必须采取一系列安全措施来预防气体中毒。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、6、各装置根据工作环境特点配备各种必须的防护用具和用品。包括眼面防护用具、工业安全帽、防护服、防毒面具、耳塞、耳罩等。7.甲醛水溶液(37％)，为灰色有刺激气味的液体，有毒，其气体在车间内最高允许浓度为0.1～0.5mg/l，按GB5044-85标准其分级属Ⅱ(高度危害)。8.硫酸的储运和安全措施硫酸是腐蚀性很强的化工原料，与皮肤接触会造成化学灼伤。酸还会使人体产生酸中毒，具体安全措施如下：(1)．硫酸储存场地设耐酸或耐酸的地面，容器密闭性好，设备管线有明显标记。(2)．储区酸碱泵房通风良好。(3)．所有电气设备有防酸雾作用的外壳保护，并采用防酸、防潮的电气设备和材料。(4)．操作人员必须带防腐手套，在操作时不慎接触碱液立即冲洗，以免灼伤。12.1.4工业卫生措施1．为了确保车间环境卫生，各工段设置送排风和采暖设施。根据各车间生产工序按工艺及季节气候确定所需温湿度，既保证工艺要求，又符合劳动保护要求。2．各建(构)筑物间距在总图布之中有明确规定，尽量自然采光，并满足自然通风。建(构)筑物间距大于建(构)筑物平均高度，均符合建筑设计卫生标准的要求。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、为贯彻“安全第一，预防为主”的方针，设计时执行国家和行业有关消防、职业安全卫生的设计规范、设计标准和技术规定，使工程项目符合职业安全卫生要求。12.2消防设施12.2.1编制依据1．《建筑工程消防监督审核管理规定》2．《建筑设计防火规范》(GB50016-2006)3．《建筑灭火器配置设计规范》(GBJ140-90)。12.2.2消防措施1．本工程消防设计执行有关规范和标准。2．各建筑物之间应保证足够的防火间距，并形成环形消防通道。主车间的火灾危险性为丙类二级。厂区所有建筑应分成若干个防火分区，每区至少设一个手动报警按钮，设置位置宜在建筑物的主要出入口处，包括仓库等贮存物品处应设感应烟火灾报警。3．在危险区域的醒目位置设置安全警示标志，安全通道有疏散标志及设置停电应急灯。4．危险较大的区域尽量安排布置在下风方向。5．设置消防水管网和消火栓。室外消防采用低压消防制，控制半径按80米计。厂区设计三出口式地面消防栓和消防供水系统。6．针对防火有较高要求的场所，配备足够的消防沙和化学灭火器材。对易起火的部位要设置防火警示，杜绝火种靠近。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、7．为便于及时扑救初期火灾，生产车间均配置手提式干粉及泡沫灭火器。8．消防系统为专用线路，双电源供电。9．企业配有专职消防人员管理器材、统一处理火警。12.3预期效果及建议只要确保上述各项措施得以实施，可保证项目建成后，劳动安全与工业卫生的各项指标均能满足国家有关规范、标准要求，可有效防止、避免或减少火灾、机械伤害等职业危害事故的发生，而且，一旦发生事故，也能及时采取有效措施，最大限度地减轻危害所带来的损失。建议项目投产前，对操作人员进行培训，加强安全生产与工业卫生教育，提高工人的安全生产意识。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLines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graphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、第十五章项目招投标方案15.1招标15.1招标原则为了提高工程质量，缩短工程建设期，防范和化解工程建设中的违规行为，保护国家利益、社会公共利益的合法权益，提高经济效益，按照《中华人民共和国招标投标法》，编制本项目的招投标方案。15.2项目招标范围本项目建设内容包括土建及设备采购安装、总图工程等建设项目。招标的范围包括勘察设计、施工监理、施工企业、设备采购安装四项。鉴于项目法人单位目前尚不具备自行招标所具备的编制招标文件和组织评标的能力，本项目招投标活动，全部委托给有资质的招标代理机构办理。15.3投标、开标、评标和中标程序根据本项目质量要求高，施工难度大的情况，据建设项目分项规模和建设要求，在招投标过程中必须遵守如下程序：1、经上级部门批复同意后一个月内，招标代理机构在指定媒介上发布招标公告。2、在招标文件开始发出之日起30日内，具有承担招标项目能力的法人或者其他组织都可以投标。投标人少于3个时，应当重新进行招标。投标文件应当对招标文件提出的实质性要求和条件做出响应，81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、招标项目属于建筑施工的，投标文件的内容还包括拟派出的项目负责人与主要技术人员的简历、业绩和拟用以完成招标项目的机械设备，本项目不接受联合招标。3、开标时委托招标公司主持，邀请所有投标人参加，开标时由招标人委托公正机构检查并公证。投标人的投标应当能够最大限度的满足招标文件中规定的各项综合评价标准或者能够满足招标文件的实质性要求。4、评标按照《中华人民共和国招投标管理法》的规定和程序进行。5、中标人确定后，招标人向中标人发出中标通知书，该通知书具有法律效力，若中标人放弃中标项目，应当承担法律责任，自中标通知书发出30之日内，按照招标文件，招标人和中标人签订书面合同，同时，中标人不得向他人转让中标项目，不得将中标项目肢解后分别向他人转让。对招标项目的公开范围和选择投标人的资质要求不同。不同的施工项目有以下资质要求：（1）勘察设计招标勘察设计是整个项目的前期性基础性工作。对项目的勘察设计进行公开招标时，公开挑选勘察设计单位，投标人的资质要求乙级以上。（2）施工监理招标施工监理对工程的质量起着关键的作用。在进行施工监理招标时，公开选择施工监理企业进行项目的监理。投标人的资质要求必须在乙级以上。（3）施工企业选择招标81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、依据工程的需要，采用总承包方式选择施工企业。本项目要求资质在二级以上，公开选择投标人。（4）设备采购招标依据项目的需要，公开选择设备生产厂家，投标人的设备技术水平应符合本项目设计要求，质优价廉且有可靠的售后服务。15.4评标委员会的人员组成和资格要求建设项目全部采用公开招标的方式，因此，在招投标过程中，为保证项目的公开，对评标委员会的组成和资格有如下要求：1、评标委员会人员组成评标委员会由项目承办单位代表和有关技术、经济等方面的专家组成，最低不少于5人，评标委员会要严格按照招标文件确定的评标标准和方法，对投标文件进行评审和比较。2、评标委员会成员的资格要求评委会成员在副高（副教授）级以上，对工程项目有较深入的研究，并且职业道德良好，与投标单位无任何利害关系。15.5招标基本情况表表15-1招标基本情况表招标范围组织形式招标方式自行询价采购备注全部招标部分招标自行招标委托招标公开招标邀请招标勘察√√设计√√81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、建筑工程√√安装工程√√监理√√设备√√重要材料其他81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoin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aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、COD在线监测仪151.4其他2固定资产其他费用2.1建设单位管理费2.2勘测设计费452.3工程监理费2.4工程保险费二无形资产费1土地使用费三其他资产费3.1生产准备费3.2开办费3.3培训费20四预备费4.1基本预备费4.2涨价预备费五建设投资合计六建设期财务费用比例（%）七流动资金八项目总投资81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、第十七章财务评价17.1财务评价17.1.1．财务评价依据1．国家和有关部门颁布的有关财会等方面的政策、法规、规定。2．项目所在地有关税收、劳动工资管理和社会保障等有关规定。3．《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》国家发改委、建设部联合发布，第三版(中国计划出版社)。4．有关专业提供的基础条件。17.1.2．财务评价基础数据选取本项目计划建设期为1年，计算生产期为14年，项目基准收益率按《建设项目经济评价方法与参数(第三版)》中的规定，基准收益率为10％。产品销售收入及原材料、动力均按不含税价格计算。1．产品销售收入预测本项目建设期为1年，第二年达到100％的设计能力，产品价格参照近几年我国同类产品市场平均销售价格并考虑近期变化趋势进行预测；根据生产计划和产品价格测算出计算期各年的销售收入，由表中测算知，年平均销售收入及节约费用可达3452万元。详见附表4：产品销售收入估算表2．总成本费用预测(1)．原辅材料和燃料动力原料：根据当前市场价格并考虑其价格波动走势综合考虑。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、动力价格：根据当地情况电0.60元/度、水1.0元/吨、蒸汽100元/吨。(2)．工资及福利依据目前当地及该企业职工平均工资水平，并考虑其有关法律规定的社会福利及企业职工人数(新增职工人数为40人)进行测算，年人均工资12000元，福利及各种保险暂按工资的40％计算，正常年工资总额67万元。(3)．折旧及摊销折旧暂按现行财务制度规定的折旧年限及残值率进行分类计算，残值率按5％。设备折旧年限按14年，建筑物按20年；无形及其他资产摊销按有关规定计算。(4)．修理费用修理费用按全年折旧费的30％计取。(5)．其它制造费用及其它管理费用两项费用均调整为不包括已计入折旧和工资中的有关部分，其它制造费用按固定资产的1.5％计取，正常年为77万元，其它管理费用按销售收入的1％计取，正常年为35万元。(6)．财务费用主要指生产期长期借款及流动资金借款的利息，长期借款利率按7.83％。(7)．销售费用销售费用按销售收入的1.5％计算，正常年为52万元。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、17.1.3、财务评价1、财务盈利能力分析(1)．财务内部收益率(FIRR)税前税后全部投资FIRR=16.23％13.27％资本金FIRR=16.13％(2)．财务净现值(FNPV)税前税后全部投资FNPV=20711040资本金FIRR=983(3)．投资回收期(Pt)税前税后全部投资Pt(年)=6.607.39资本金Pt(年)=8.47(4)．利润预测本项目增值税按17％的税率征收，城建附加按7％的税率、教育附加按3％的税率征收，企业所得税按25％计取。经测算，生产期的平均销售利润为661万元。(5)．投资利润率=11.33％(6)．投资利税率=15.54％财务盈利能力分析的主要报表：2．项目清偿能力分析81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、(1)．=73.34％～1.73％(2)．=356.18％～5506.47％(3)．=156.95％～5307.24％(4)．本项目借款偿还采用最大能力还款方式计算，借款偿还期(含建设期)为6.35年，还款资金来源为未分配利润和折旧及摊销。17.2不确定性分析17.2.1．盈亏平衡分析=64.82％经营安全率＝1-生产能力利用率＝1-64.82％＝35.18％上述指标表明在项目实施后，保本的经营能力为设计经营能力的64.82％，其经营安全性、盈利能力及抗风险能力均尚好。17.2.2．敏感性分析本项目基本方案的全部投资税后财务内部收益率为13.27％，税后投资回收期为7.39年(含1年建设期)，考虑到项目实施过程中的一些不确定因素的变化，可能对项目经济效益造成一定的风险。为了预测项目是否经得起各种风险，对可能影响该项目经济效益的主要因素：销售收入、经营成本、建设投资三项不确定因素分别进行±5％、±81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、10％的变化，对全部投资盈利水平和投资回收期进行敏感性分析，分析这些因素对项目的影响。敏感性分析表变化幅度变动因素-10.0％-5.0％基本方案5.0％10.0％1销售收入内部收益率％(FIRR)7.98％10.68％13.27％15.76％18.18％较基本方案增减-5.28％-2.58％0.00％2.49％4.91％投资回收期(年)9.608.347.396.676.09较基本方案增减2.200.940.00-0.73-1.302经营成本内部收益率％(FIRR)17.94％15.63％13.27％10.83％8.30％较基本方案增减4.68％2.37％0.00％-2.44％-4.96％投资回收期(年)6.116.687.398.299.49较基本方案增减-1.28-0.710.000.902.103建设投资内部收益率％(FIRR)15.15％14.17％13.27％12.42％11.64％较基本方案增减1.89％0.91％0.00％-0.84％-1.63％投资回收期(年)6.837.117.397.677.95较基本方案增减-0.56-0.280.000.280.56基准值10％内部收益率％销售收入建设投资经营成本基本值13.27％敏感性分析示意图变化幅度81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、从敏感性分析的结果可以看出，当产品销售收入、经营成本波动时，税后内部收益率和投资回收期波动较大，由此可见，销售收入和经营成本是影响经济效益的敏感因素，因此，建议企业要加强经营管理，制定完善的经营策略，充分重视产品销售收入的收益弹性，采用多样化的产品营销策略。17.3经济评价结论意见17.3.2．财务评价主要数据及指标（需财务分析人员进行分析）经济评价主要数据和指标序号项目名称单位指标备注一基本数据1项目总投资万元1.1建设投资万元1.2建设期财务费用万元1.3流动资金万元2销售收入万元平均年3增值税万元平均年4销售税金及附加万元平均年5年总成本万元平均年6销售利润万元平均年7年上缴所得税万元平均年二评价指标1每元建设投资投入产出比元81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、2投资利润率％平均年3投资利税率％平均年4销售利润率％平均年5财务内部收益率％所得税前财务内部收益率％所得税后6投资回收期(含建设期)年所得税前投资回收期(含建设期)年所得税后7财务净现值(Ic=10％)万元所得税前财务净现值(Ic=10％)万元所得税后8盈亏平衡点％平均年9资产负债率％第2年10流动比率％第2年11速动比率％第2年12利息备付率％第2年13偿债备付率％第2年14总投资收益率(ROI)％平均年15项目资本金净利润率％平均年16借款偿还期年17.3.2．经济评价结论建议本项目实施后经济效益显著，平均年可实现年销售收入3452万元、利润总额661元、销售税金及附加22万元、增值税223万元。全投资税后内部收益率13.27％、投资回收期7.39年(含1年建设期)，投资利润率11.33％、投资利税率15.54％，各项指标均高于行业基准值。计算的利息备付率和偿债备付率表明，还款期内各年利息备付率大于均大于2，偿债备付率均大于1，表示财务状况较好，资产负债率表明项目具有较强债务清偿能力，无贷款偿还压力，盈亏平衡分析和敏感性分析说明项目抗风险能力较强。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFnSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF、综上所述，各项分析都表明本项目财务效益较好，因此项目从经济评价上来看是可行的。建议在项目建成投产后，加强企业的经营管理，努力降低生产成本，及时了解市场，做好产品的销售，严格控制库存，最大限度抗御市场风险，达到预期的经济效益。注：本经济计算表格由于计算机取整问题，计算表中可能有个别数据的合计或累加等对应关系有一定误差，此问题不影响计算。81Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLines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