生活废水处理研究 10页

生活废水处理发展现状及进展一中国乡镇污水的现状随着我国经济水平的不断提高，人民对生活质量的要求也日益提高，环保要求也与日剧增，虽然近些年来，我国投入了大量人力物力财力改善城镇生活废水的处理情况，但是仍然存在许多不足。当前我国乡镇生活污水处理主要面临以下几个问题：1、运行费过高，村、镇无法承受，建成的乡镇污水站能运行的，运行费都要在1.5-2.5元/吨，甚至更高。2、缺乏专业的管理及操作人员，无法保证正常运行3、村镇雨污不分流收集来水不稳定，污水浓度偏低，导致微生物无法存活，无法正常运行4、村镇生活用水较少,收集率不高，导致出水量不能满足设计要求，建成后污水站无法运行；5、管网没有接通，无法正常运行二乡镇村污水处理工艺确定通过对农村乡镇污水水质、水量特点的具体分析、处理工艺经济技术比较以及排放标准的要求，我们认为项目设计具有以下几个特点：①村镇排放污水具有一定的间歇性，水质、水量的不稳定性，需进行一定调节稳定措施。②污水处理采用工艺必须稳定可靠，处理效果好，运行费用合理，管理维护方便，减少人为因素对处理效果的影响。③在村的各户排污点污水宜尽量集中处理，提高效率，避免分散处理，增加成本与运行管理费用，如管网增加投入较大，可适当增加处理点。④以农村村镇总体规划建设为指导，结合污水处理系统工艺特点，充分考虑内外结合，使污水处理项目成为一个完整的、统一的工程项目。⑤选择稳妥可靠、技术先进、投资省、运行费用低、管理简便、运行灵活的污水处理设备和仪器，为本污水处理系统的运行创造良好的条件。⑥按照环保政策的要求进行设计，出水达到一级B排放标准。三乡镇污水治理常用工艺的及优缺点（1）A/O工艺A/O是Anoxic/Oxic的缩写，它的优越性是除了使有机污染物得到降解之外，还具有一定的脱氮除磷功能，是将厌氧水解技术用为活性污泥的前处理，所以A/O法是改进的活性污泥法。advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsnA/O工艺将前段缺氧段和后段好氧段串联在一起，A段DO不大于0.2mg/L，O段DO=2～4mg/L。在缺氧段异养菌将污水中的淀粉、纤维、碳水化合物等悬浮污染物和可溶性有机物水解为有机酸，使大分子有机物分解为小分子有机物，不溶性的有机物转化成可溶性有机物，当这些经缺氧水解的产物进入好氧池进行好氧处理时，可提高污水的可生化性及氧的效率；在缺氧段，异养菌将蛋白质、脂肪等污染物进行氨化（有机链上的N或氨基酸中的氨基）游离出氨（NH3、NH4+），在充足供氧条件下，自养菌的硝化作用将NH3-N（NH4+）氧化为NO3-，通过回流控制返回至A池，在缺氧条件下，异氧菌的反硝化作用将NO3-还原为分子态氮（N2）完成C、N、O在生态中的循环，实现污水无害化处理。1）A/O内循环生物脱氮工艺特点 a效率高。该工艺对废水中的有机物，氨氮等均有较高的去除效果。当总停留时间大于54h，经生物脱氮后的出水再经过混凝沉淀，可将COD值降至100mg/L以下，其他指标也达到排放标准，总氮去除率在70%以上。b流程简单，投资省，操作费用低。该工艺是以废水中的有机物作为反硝化的碳源，故不需要再另加甲醇等昂贵的碳源。尤其，在蒸氨塔设置有脱固定氨的装置后，碳氮比有所提高，在反硝化过程中产生的碱度相应地降低了硝化过程需要的碱耗。c缺氧反硝化过程对污染物具有较高的降解效率。如COD、BOD5和SCN-在缺氧段中去除率在67%、38%、59%，酚和有机物的去除率分别为62%和36%，故反硝化反应是最为经济的节能型降解过程。d容积负荷高。由于硝化阶段采用了强化生化，反硝化阶段又采用了高浓度污泥的膜技术，有效地提高了硝化及反硝化的污泥浓度，与国外同类工艺相比，具有较高的容积负荷。 e缺氧/好氧工艺的耐负荷冲击能力强。当进水水质波动较大或污染物浓度较高时，本工艺均能维持正常运行，故操作管理也很简单。通过以上流程的比较，不难看出，生物脱氮工艺本身就是脱氮的同时，也降解酚、氰、COD等有机物。结合水量、水质特点，我们推荐采用缺氧/好氧(A/O)的生物脱氮(内循环)工艺流程，使污水处理装置不但能达到脱氮的要求，而且其它指标也达到排放标准2）A/O工艺的缺点1.由于没有独立的污泥回流系统，从而不能培养出具有独特功能的污泥，难降解物质的降解率较低；     2、若要提高脱氮效率，必须加大内循环比，因而加大了运行费用。另外，内循环液来自曝气池，含有一定的DO，使A段难以保持理想的缺氧状态，影响反硝化效果，脱氮率很难达到90％。  3、影响因素       水力停留时间（硝化＞6h，反硝化＜2h）污泥浓度MLSS（＞3000mg/L）污泥龄（＞30d）N/MLSS负荷率（＜0.03）进水总氮浓度（＜30mg/L）3）A/O工艺运行费用分析污水处理直接运行费用主要包括人员工资费用、耗电费以及药剂费(暂时不考虑水资源费用、污泥抽吸费及折旧费用)。水站水量按500m3/d，年运行按365天计算。1、 工资费用由于本系统构筑物较简单，控制点较少，系统自动化程度较高，因此污水处理站配备4名工人即可。工人平均工资以3000元/人•月计算，则每吨水的人员工资成本为:3000×12×4/（500×365）=0.79元/m3水2 advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsn、药剂费用除磷加药投加量按20ppm计，PAC价格2000元/吨，折合单方水除磷加药费用为：20×2000×10-6＝0.04元/m3水本污水处理系统中消毒剂为次氯酸钠，加药量按30ppm计，次氯酸钠市场价1500元/吨，折合单方水消毒费用为：30×1500×10-6＝0.045元/m3水3 、  耗电费用每天总耗电量为499.20kW.h，按每kW.h电价0.75元计算，则每吨水耗电成本为：0.75×499.2/500＝0.749元/m3水4 、     直接运行费用单方污水处理成本(不含折旧):0.79＋0.105＋0.749＝1.644元/m3水年运行费用：1.644×500×365=30.00万元/年上述费用不包括维修费、污泥抽吸费等二A2/O工艺A2/O工艺是Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic的英文缩写，它是厌氧-缺氧-好氧生物脱氮除磷工艺的简称。该工艺处理效率一般能达到：BOD5和SS为90%~95%，总氮为70%以上，磷为90%左右，一般适用于要求脱氮除磷的大中型城市污水厂。但A2/O工艺的基建费和运行费均高于普通活性污泥法，运行管理要求高，所以对目前我国国情来说，当处理后的污水排入封闭性水体或缓流水体引起富营养化，从而影响给水水源时，才采用该工艺。（1）A2/O工艺特点 1）污染物去除效率高，运行稳定，有较好的耐冲击负荷。　   2）污泥沉降性能好。   3）厌氧、缺氧、好氧三种不同的环境条件和不同种类微生物菌群的有机配合，能同时具有去除有机物、脱氮除磷的功能。    4）脱氮效果受混合液回流比大小的影响,除磷效果则受回流污泥中夹带DO和硝酸态氧的影响，因而脱氮除磷效率不可能很高。    5）在同时脱氧除磷去除有机物的工艺中，该工艺流程最为简单，总的水力停留时间也少于同类其他工艺。   6）在厌氧—缺氧—好氧交替运行下，丝状菌不会大量繁殖，SVI一般小于100，不会发生污泥膨胀。    7）污泥中磷含量高，一般为2.5％以上（2）A2/O工艺的缺点 1）反应池容积比A/O脱氮工艺还要大，造价增高 2）、污泥内回流量大，能耗较高； 3）、用于中小型污水厂运行费较高；  4）、·沼气回收利用经济效益差；  5）、  ·污泥渗出液需化学除磷。advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsn（2）A2/O工艺运行费用分析污水处理直接运行费用主要包括人员工资费用、耗电费以及药剂费(暂时不考虑水资源费用、污泥抽吸费及折旧费用)。水站水量按500m3/d，年运行按365天计算。1、 工资费用由于本系统构筑物较简单，控制点较少，系统自动化程度较高，因此污水处理站配备4名工人即可。工人平均工资以3000元/人•月计算，则每吨水的人员工资成本为:3000×12×4/（500×365）=0.79元/m3水2 、药剂费用除磷加药投加量按20ppm计，PAC价格2000元/吨，折合单方水除磷加药费用为：20×2000×10-6＝0.04元/m3水本污水处理系统中消毒剂为次氯酸钠，加药量按30ppm计，次氯酸钠市场价1500元/吨，折合单方水消毒费用为：30×1500×10-6＝0.045元/m3水3 、  耗电费用每天总耗电量为499.20kW.h，按每kW.h电价0.75元计算，则每吨水耗电成本为：0.75×499.2/500＝0.749元/m3水4 、     直接运行费用单方污水处理成本(不含折旧):0.79＋0.105＋0.749＝1.644元/m3水年运行费用：1.644×500×365=30.00万元/年上述费用不包括维修费、污泥抽吸费等三SBR工艺SBR工艺是在反应器内预先培养驯化一定量的活性污泥，当废水进入反应器与活性污泥混合接触并有氧存在时，微生物利用废水中的有机物进行新陈代谢，将有机物降解并同时使微生物细胞增殖。将微生物细胞物质与水沉淀分离，废水即得到处理。其处理过程主要由初期的去除与吸附作用、微生物的代谢作用、絮凝体的形成与絮凝沉淀性能几个净化过程完成。（1）SBR工艺的特点1）理想的推流过程使生化反应推动力增大，效率提高，池内厌氧、好氧处于交替状态，净化效果好。     2）运行效果稳定，污水在理想的静止状态下沉淀，需要时间短、效率高，出水水质好。     3）耐冲击负荷，池内有滞留的处理水，对污水有稀释、缓冲作用，有效抵抗水量和有机污物的冲击。     4）工艺过程中的各工序可根据水质、水量进行调整，运行灵活。     5）反应池内存在DO、BOD5浓度梯度，有效控制活性污泥膨胀。6）SBR法系统本身也适合于组合式构造方法，利于废水处理厂的扩建和改造。     7）脱氮除磷，适当控制运行方式，实现好氧、缺氧、厌氧状态交替，具有良好的脱氮除磷效果。advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsn     8）工艺流程简单、造价低。主体设备只有一个序批式间歇反应器，无二沉池、污泥回流系统，调节池、初沉池也可省略，布置紧凑、占地面积省。（2）SBR工艺的缺点1）间歇周期运行，对自控要求高；2）变水位运行，电耗增大；运行成本高3）脱氮除磷效率不太高4）污泥稳定性不如厌氧硝化好。（3）SBR工艺运行费用分析污水处理直接运行费用主要包括人员工资费用、耗电费以及药剂费(不包括水资源费用、污泥抽吸费及折旧费用、维修费用)。水站水量按500m3/d，年运行按365天计算。a、 工资费用由于本系统构筑物较简单，控制点较少，系统自动化程度较高，因此污水处理站配备4名工人即可。工人平均工资以3000元/人•月计算，则每吨水的人员工资成本为:3000×12×4/（500×365）=0.79元/m3水b 、药剂费用除磷加药投加量按20ppm计，PAC价格2000元/吨，折合单方水除磷加药费用为：20×2000×10-6＝0.04元/m3水本污水处理系统中消毒剂为次氯酸钠，加药量按30ppm计，次氯酸钠市场价1500元/吨，折合单方水消毒费用为：30×1500×10-6＝0.045元/m3水c 、  耗电费用每天总耗电量为400kW.h，按每kW.h电价0.75元计算，则每吨水耗电成本为：0.75×400/500＝0.600元/m3水e、  直接运行费用单方污水处理成本(不含折旧):0.79＋0.105＋0.600＝1.495元/m3水年运行费用：1.495×500×365=27.28万元/年上述费用不包括维修费、污泥抽吸费等三MBR工艺膜生物反应器，MBR它不同于活性污泥法，不使用沉淀池进行固液分离，而是使用中空纤维膜替代沉淀池，因此具有高效固液分离性能，同时利用膜的特性，使活性污泥不随出水流失，在生化池中形成8000－12000mg/L超高浓度的活性污泥浓度，使污染物分解彻底，因此出水水质良好、稳定，出水细菌、悬浮物和浊度接近于零。（1）MBR优点1）出水水质优良、稳定。2）由于膜的高效分离作用，不必单独设立沉淀、过滤等固液分离池。advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsn3）占地面积少。处理单元内生物量可维持在高浓度，使容积负荷大大提高，同时膜分离的高效性，使处理单元水力停留时间大大缩短。4）污泥排放量少，只有传统工艺的30%，污泥处理费用低。5)膜生物反应器可以滤除细菌、病毒等有害物质，可显著节省加药消毒所带来的长期运行费用并扩大污水回用范围。6）系统抗冲击性强，适应范围广（1）MBR缺点1）投入成本高2）运行成本高3）MBR膜需要更换，膜价格较贵4）、地埋式一体化MBR工艺，膜污染严重，更换和清洗膜难度更大于分置式（2）MBR运行费用分析污水处理直接运行费用主要包括人员工资费用、耗电费以及药剂费(不包括水资源费用、污泥抽吸费及折旧费用、维修费用)。水站水量按500m3/d，年运行按365天计算。a、 工资费用由于本系统构筑物较简单，控制点较少，系统自动化程度较高，因此污水处理站配备4名工人即可。工人平均工资以3000元/人•月计算，则每吨水的人员工资成本为:3000×12×4/（500×365）=0.79元/m3水b、药剂费用除磷加药投加量按20ppm计，PAC价格2000元/吨，折合单方水除磷加药费用为：20×2000×10－6＝0.04元/m3水本污水处理系统中消毒剂为次氯酸钠，加药量按30ppm计，次氯酸钠市场价1500元/吨，折合单方水消毒费用为：30×1500×10-6＝0.045元/m3水膜清洗药剂为次氯酸钠，清洗每平方米膜用药剂2L，本工程共20组膜，每组膜面积为120m2，折合单方水膜清洗费用为0.020元。核算吨水消耗药剂成本：0.04+0.045+0.02＝0.105元/m3水c 、  耗电费用每天总耗电量为612.55kW.h，按每kW.h电价0.75元计算，则每吨水耗电成本为：0.75×612.55/500＝0.919元/m3水d 、     直接运行费用单方污水处理成本(不含折旧):0.79＋0.105＋0.919＝1.814元/m3水年运行费用：1.814×500×365=33.11万元/年四生物转盘（1）工艺特点：advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsn由于填料的比表面积大，池内充氧条件良好，生物接触氧化池的容积负荷较高，水力停留时间短，对水质水量的骤变有较强的适应能力。但是生物接触氧化池采用曝气装置，能耗相对较大，而且曝气可能会不均匀，局部会出现死角。当曝气不均匀时，填料的选择若不适宜，也易造成填料堵塞。①生物转盘比表面积大，废水接触时间比生物滤池法和生物接触氧化池的时间长，废水的处理效率较高，不易造成滤料的堵塞；②生物转盘的运行过程中，存在“富氧-缺氧”的交替过程，可以对废水进行生物脱氮处理；③生物转盘运行管理费用是最低的建造成本低于生物滤池，运行费用低于生物接触氧化池，虽然占地面积大，但从长期效益来看仍具有优势；（1）生物转盘缺点1）占地面积大2）目前，国内外所用生物转盘的盘片存在着生物膜易脱落、处理效率低、能耗偏高等缺点3）传动转动时，盘片损耗大，检修困难，4）卫生条件差，易产生臭气，5）易产生厌氧6）生物转盘虽受温度影响较大（3）生物转盘运行费用分析污水处理直接运行费用主要包括人员工资费用、耗电费以及药剂费(不包括水资源费用、污泥抽吸费及折旧费用、维修费用)。水站水量按500m3/d，年运行按365天计算。a、  工资费用由于本系统构筑物较简单，控制点较少，系统自动化程度较高，因此污水处理站配备4名工人即可。工人平均工资以3000元/人•月计算，则每吨水的人员工资成本为: 3000×12×4/（500×365）=0.79元/m3 水                          b、药剂费用除磷加药投加量按20ppm计，PAC价格2000元/吨，折合单方水除磷加药费用为：20×2000×10-6＝0.04元/m3水本污水处理系统中消毒剂为次氯酸钠，加药量按30ppm计，次氯酸钠市场价1500元/吨，折合单方水消毒费用为：30×1500×10-6＝0.045元/m3水c、    耗电费用每天总耗电量为132kW.h，按每kW.h 电价0.75元计算，则每吨水耗电成本为：0.75×132/500＝0.198元/m3水d、       直接运行费用单方污水处理成本(不含折旧):0.79＋0.085＋0.198＝1.073元/m3水年运行费用：1.073×500×365=19.582万元/年五太阳能微动力污水处理工艺太阳能发电就是利用光电效应将太阳能转换为电能。太阳能是真正取之不尽、用之不竭的能源。而且太阳能发电不产生公害。所以太阳能发电被誉为是理想的能源。要使太阳能发电真正达到实用水平，一、是要提高太阳能光电变换效率并降低其成本，二、是要实现太阳能发电同现在的电网联网advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsn太阳能微动力污水处理技术由我公司联同浙江大学共同研究开发，该工艺以传统“A2/O”工艺为基础，根据太阳能光伏发电的特点，吸纳“A2/O”和"SBR"工艺"生物接触氧化"工艺中的关键因素整合开发形成的一种全新工艺，整套工艺的动力来源由太阳能微动力污水处理设备。该设备以太阳能为能源，利用太阳能光伏板光电转换技术，为污水处理中的曝气、搅拌、回流等提供动力。同时，将设备运行管理智能化，通过远程通信技术，实现设备的实时在线监控，达到远程控制、无人值守的目的。以适应农村基层缺乏专业技术管理人员的实际情况首先，生活污水集中收集后首先进入污水处理系统内的格栅井，内部设有过滤格栅，对污水中悬浮物进行处理去除。经过格栅处理后水中粗粒、不溶性COD、SS等大大降低，栅渣通过人工定期清理外运安全处理。经过滤格栅去除部分悬浮物，以及大颗粒悬浮的有机、无机等物质后的污水，进入厌氧池，在此利用厌氧微生物降解污水中的有机物，使大分子复合链的有机物氧化为小分子单链的有机物。污水和从沉淀池回流的含磷污泥，在厌氧状态下释放出磷，在太阳能好氧池内可吸收大量的磷，从而通过排放污泥进行去磷。污水中的部分氨氮，在太阳能好氧池内被转化为NH3-N。经过回流泵污水进入缺氧池，反硝化菌利用污水中的有机物作碳源，将回流混合液中带入的大量NO3-N和NO2-N还原为N2释放至空气，从而去除氨氮。在经过太阳能好氧反应后，污水中的污染有机物已经被微生物基本消解，混合液流入沉淀池进行沉淀处理。为保证生化池的污泥浓度，将沉淀池的污泥回流到前池中。经沉淀池处理后的水已是合格的水，为保证处理出水的稳定性及提高出水水质，设计出水经过多介质池进行吸附过滤后再进行排放。多介质池后出水后即可稳定的达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918－2002）一级A标准，达标排放。（1）太阳能微动力污水处理系统特点1）采用太阳能绿色能源，符合国家产业政策，可计入国家节能减排计划。2advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsn）采用太阳能提供动力，无需用电，基本无运行费用，同时，还可以光电一体化技术的运用，（也可单独采用太阳能蓄电池，独立提供动力），保证系统长期稳定运行，通过与电网的有效结合，削峰填谷，既符合国家政策导向，又实现运行成本最小化。3）增加了回流与曝气，具有脱氮除磷功能，出水水质好。4）采用和吸纳了A2/O和SBR、生物接触氧化工艺精髓，整合开发的一种全新工艺。5）微电脑自动控制系统与远程在线监控系统的运用，实现在线通讯，远程故障报警、远程故障排除等，无需人管理，解决了乡镇和农村缺乏专业运行管理人员的现实问题，整个系统可以实现无人值守。6）无噪声、臭氧等二次污染7）、该工艺不受污水浓度和水量的限制，抗冲击能力强，只要有进水，就能保证出水合格8）系统结构紧凑、占地面积小，大大节省了土地资源，地面上可以做绿化。9）带有储电功能的太阳能技术也是污水工程常用的选择。该技术完全脱离市政电网单独运行，系统运行所需电力全由太阳能板提供，但需增加储电系统，满足在阴雨天等光照不足的条件下系统正常运行，蓄电系统可以满足连续7-15天阴雨天气供电功能。10）、太阳能光伏板达25年使用寿命；11）、该工艺也可根据现场的实际情况，采用一体化玻璃钢罐体设备。（2）太阳能微动污水处理运行成本无电费，太阳能提供动力无需用电无人工费用，采用远程管理、远程监控、远程故障报警，无人值守费用来源：每年用吸粪车清理污泥1次的费用1000元，每月10元信息费用，总计1120元每吨运行费用：1120元/年÷（500吨×365天）=0.006元advantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexpertsnadvantages,facingtheYangtzeRiverDelta,PearlRiverDelta,Shandongpeninsula,Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshanarea,targetedinvestmentpromotionseveraltimes.Industry-ledunitandvarioustownstreetsaredevelopingdetailedpromotionplans,thebasisofwhatisspecifictoeachindustry,hasformedakindofscale,needtobringinthekindofprojectseachtownstreethasthekindofresources,whatlocation,focusonthedevelopmentofthekindofindustries.Fourstroketechnologyandscience.DeterminantsoftechnologyistheCounty'seconomicdevelopmentthroughscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,improveproductvalue-addedandimproveeconomiccompetitiveness,istheinevitablewaytoachieveleapfrogdevelopment.Talentisthecitycentercity'sfirstresource,istheprimaryindustrydevelopment,andrevitalizationofthesocialprotection.So,intermsofskills:tocatch...Competitive.Encouragingenterprisestoactivelyundertakescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengtheningresearchcooperation,usingadvancedtechnologytoincreasetheaddedvalueoftheirproductstoensurethatintroductionoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievementsduringtheyear......Newresearchenterprises......Home,creatinginnovativeplatforms......Genericclassifier.In:first,wemuststrengthenthecultivationoftalent,effortstoincreasevocationaleducationandtrainingandmeetthebasicdemandofenterprisedevelopment.Thenintroducedanumberofthecountyneededscarceeducation,healthprofessionals,meetsocialdevelopmentneedstoinvestmoreinmachinery,pharmaceuticalmanufacturingresearchanddevelopmentinhighereducation,suchastheintroductionoftalenttomeettheneed.Third,wemustrelyon......Post-doctoralworkstation,......Foodresearchstationplatform,totheXXUniversitytofindexperts