废水处理流程设计及原理WastewaterTreatmentProcess 39页

WastewaterTreatmentPrimarytreatmentSecondarytreatmentTertiarytreatment-N,PAdvancedtreatmentDesignofsedimentationbasin;overflowrateIntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringandScience,G.M.Masters&W.P.Ela,2008nnChemicalTreatment용존및현탁물질의물리적상태를변환시켜침전에의해제거할수있도록화학약품을첨가하는것목적:물리적조작과함께사용되어질소나인을제거;폐수의2차처리공정을완전히하기위함-명반:Al2(SO4)318H2O,Al2(SO4)314H2O-염화철(III):FeCl3-황산철(III):Fe2(SO4)3,Fe2(SO4)33H2O-황산철(II):FeSO47H2O-석회:Ca(OH)2화학적침전nActivatedsludgeprocess(biologicalaeration)n생물학적처리공정활성슬러지공정(ActivatedSludgeProcess)침전조반응조침전조반응조미생물반송미생물폐기nTricklingfilternRotatingbiologicalcontactornSludgetreatment–2%oftheorginalvolume,97%waternWaterTreatmentProcess(Drinkingwaterproduction)~Screening1.Mixing:RapidMixing2.Coagulation,Alum(Al2(SO4)318H2O),Ca(OH)2,Na2CO33.Flocculation4.Sedimentation,SludgeProcessing5.Filtration,Sand,ActivatedCarbon6.Disinfection,Cl2,NaOCl,Ca(OCl)2,O3nprechlorinationRawwaterRapidmixingcoagulationflocculationConventionalwatertreatmentprocess?SedimentationfiltrationdisinfectionpostchlorinationnConventionalwatertreatmentprocess?표준식정수처리공정이란?전염소처리후염소처리원원수수혼화지응집지침전지여과지정수지nWaterTreatmentProcess?nCoagulation-destabilizethecolloidalparticles&toovercomethenegativechargeofparticleswithchemicaladditionFlocculation-gentlymixthedestabilizedparticlestopromoteinterparticlecollisionsinordertoachieveparticlegrowthnDrinkingWaterStandardnnn먹는물수질기준일본,유럽등이우리나라와비슷하나미국,WHO는우리나라보다많음.미국과WHO에서는유해한유기물질(농약,화학약품,소독부산물)에대한수질기준항목이많음.국가명한국일본미국(EPA)WHO독일계5551989649미생물42512유해무기물질1617191719유해유기화학물질12929287농약4227324소독부산물91116172심미적인영향물질910926방사성물질--512DrinkingWaterStandardn국내정수장먹는물소독에관한규정(Drinkingwaterstandard(disinfection))관련기준내용먹는물기준일반세균(HPC)총대장균군(TotalColiforms)상수도시설기준유리잔류염소(ResidualChrorine)100CFU/mL(1mL중100이하)ND/100mL(100mL에서불검출)0.2mg/L(결합잔류염소1.5mg/L)0.4mg/L(소화기관련전염병유행시)탁도(Turbidity)1NTU0.5NTU(2001년7월1일)분원성대장균군(FecalColiforms)대장균(E.coli)ND/100mL(100mL에서불검출)ND/100mL(100mL에서불검출)n소독부산물(Disinfectionbyproducts)THMs(트리할로메탄)andOtherHalogenatedDBPsFactors(영향인자)pHtime(체류시간)temperature(온도,계절)organics(물속유기물)chlorinedoes(염소주입량과잔류염소)bromide(브롬이온농도)HOCl+Br-+NOMnCommonlyIdentifieddisinfectionby-productsChlorinationChlorinedioxideOzonationTrihalomethanesHaloaceticacidsHaloacetonitrilesHaloketonesChloropicrinChloralhydrateCyanogenChlorideChlorophenolsN-organochloraminesChlorinedioxdeChloriteChlorateAldehydesOrganicacidsKetonesEpoxidesQuinonesChlorateBromateIodateDisinfection:Byproducts:nDisinfectionbyproductsTHMs(Trihalomethanes)HANs(Haloacetonitriles)ClClClHCClBrClHCBrBrClHCBrBrBrHCChloroformDichlorobromo-methaneDibromochloro-methaneBromoformClClClCTrichloro-acetonitrileCNClHClCDichloro-acetonitrileCNClHBrCBromochloro-acetonitrileCNBrHBrCDibromo-acetonitrileCNn대표적비THMs계DBPsFomulaHaloaceticacidsCOClClCDichloroaceticacidHOHMonochloroaceticacidHHCClOCOHDibromoaceticacidBrCOBrCOHHTrichloroaceticacidCOClClCClOHMonobromoaceticacidHHCBrOCOHClClClCTrichloro-acetonitrileCNClHClCDichloro-acetonitrileCNClHBrCBromochloro-acetonitrileCNBrHBrCDibromo-acetonitrileCNHaloacetonitrilesnDisinfectionandDisinfectionbyproductsDisinfection(소독)DisinfectionbyproductMicroorganismRiskn기존의정수처리공정:내분비계장애물질및약성물질의처리효율에한계응집원수침전처리수여과후염소원수분리막전처리(오존등)(Option)처리수분리막을이용한고도정수처리공정분리막을이용한정수처리nMembraneTechnologyfortheSeparation:Classificationn26WatershortageproblemWatershortagepopulation:1.1bilionsin2005and3bilionsin2025WHOreportsthat3.4millionperyeararekilledbywaterbornedisease.(2005)www.roplant.org5.3billion7.2~8.3billion19902025Worldpopulation0.3billion2.4~3.2billion19902025Watershortagepopulationn27Bettertouseseawater?How?Howtosolvewaterscarcity?UNESCO,2009ROmembranefordesalinationnSeawaterdesalination(UsingROmembrane)MSF(Multistageflush)ProcessRO(ReverseOsmosis)ProcessIntroduction28Philippeetal.,2009DistributionofdesalinationproductioncapacitybyprocesstechnologyfortheworldIn1999approximately78%oftheworld’sseawaterdesalinationcapacitywasmadeupofMSFplantswhileROrepresented10%RO(ReverseOsmosis)Process:lowenergy,lowconstructioncost,simpleprocessn29ProductionprocessPrice(won/m3)Groundwaterpurification(MF)200~300Wastewaterreuse(MF+RO)200~400ROdesalination600~800MSFdesalination900~1400TypesofwaterPrice(won/m3)Tapwater100~7000Industrialwater100~700Ultrapurewater5000~10,000Mineralwater200,000~3,000,0091969901MSFdesalinationGroundwaterpurificationWastewaterreuseWaterpriceusingmembraneprocessesAworldwidewaterpriceDecreaseofwaterpricebyMembraneandprocesstechnologiesSeawaterdesalination(UsingROmembrane)Won/m3Torayco.,2007nKhedretal.,2000Majorcomponentsofmembranefouling-Saltprecipitation-Colloidalparticulates-Organics-MicroorganismsBiofouling+organicfouling:58%Biofoulingcauses:-Decliningmembraneflux-Increasingenergyrequirements-Elevatingsaltpassage-MembranebiodegradationVrouuwenvelderetal.,200330n31TotalConfigurationofdesalinationplantCO2Cl2ROprocessPost-treatmentprocessMediafilterAcidtankFerricchlorideFiltrateclearwellTohighpressurepumpNaHSO3AcidtankScaleinhibitorChlorineFilterbackwashpumpCartridgefilterNaHCO3PretreatmentprocessPointofmeasuringSDI/MFISEAWATERn32MF/UFmaterials:Celluloseacetate(CA),Polyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF),Polyacrylonitrile(PAN),Polypropylene(PP),Polysulfone(PS),Polyethersulfone(PES)RO/NFmaterials:Celluloseacetate(CA),Polyamide(PA)Membranematerialsn33Manufacturingofcompositepolyamidemembrane*MPD:metaphenylenediamine*TMC:trimesoylchloridePolysulfonepolymerSolventPolysulfonecastingsolutionPolysulfonecastingonpolyesterbackingmaterialMPDsolutionTMCsolutionInterfacialpolymerizationonpolysulfonelayerSolventevaporationandheatannealingPolysulfonecastingMembranecastingStandardcommercialTMC/MPDpolyamidemembraneSeperationsystemstechnology,inc.,1999Polysulfone(40µm)Polyamide(0.2µm)nHybridMembraneProcessesChemicalflocformedandrecoveredbyMForUFNaturalorganicmatter(NOM)fromrawwaterPowderedadsorbentsinMF/UFcircuitTraceorganics(POPs)fromwaterChemicallyAssistedMembranesSorbents+MembranesMembraneBioreactorsBioreactorwithMForUFmembranesBiodegradableorganicsfromwastewaternWherehybridsystemsfit-MembranesforWater&WastewaterSeawaterSurfaceWaterSecondaryEffluent(MF)+ROMF/UForNFMF+ROAOTWaterProductionDomestic&IndustrialuseMBRBiologicalWasteMembraneBioreactorReuseRecoveredWaterMembranesLiquidWasteIndustrialliquidEffluentsRecoveredResourcesHybridSystemsnPermeate(Effluent)RetentateMembraneUnitActivatedSludgeReactorInfluentMBR(MembraneCoupledBiologicalSystem)nPrincipleofMBR?하폐수유입MBR여과수정밀여과막(MF)/한외여과막(UF)활성슬러지반응조(중수도)분리막생물반응조(MBR)유기물질유해미생물박테리아조류물처리수분리막흡입펌프가동공기및수류nWaterreuseprocess오산환경사업소처리시설n1단유입수1단유입수2단유입수