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  • 2021-04-17 发布

英语计划总结之but用法初探

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英语计划总结之but用法初探 ‎ ‎  请先看下面这几道中考题:‎ ‎  1. (2010,南京市) —I don't think your uncle really likes drama series(电视连续剧)。‎ ‎  —No,______he still watches the program.‎ ‎  A. and B. so C. or D. but ‎  2. (2010,上海市) Money is important,______it can't buy everything.‎ ‎  A. for B. but C. or D. so ‎  3. (2010,黄冈市) —Wang Jinquan, a teacher from Qichun, has supported many poor students to college.‎ ‎  —______he himself lives a plain(朴素的) life.‎ ‎  A. So B. But C. Because D. Though ‎  4. (2010,北京市) —Would you like to go to the concert with me?‎ ‎  —I'd love to,______I'm afraid I have no time.‎ ‎  A. so B. or C. and D. but ‎  5. (2010,沈阳市) —Do you like playing tennis?‎ ‎  —No,______I like sports. I play football every ‎ Sunday.‎ ‎  A. and B. but C. so D. or ‎  分析:上面的五道中考题均是在考查同学们对but的掌握情况,正确答案分别是: 1. D2. B3. B4. D5. B ‎  but是初中英语课本中的一个重要单词,使用频率非常高,也为各地中考命题者所青睐。本文就but一词在初中英语课本中的用法作一归纳,以供同学们复习时参考。‎ ‎  一、 用作连词 ‎  but用作连词时,意为“而、但是、可是”,表示语义的转折。例如:‎ ‎  I play ping-pong quite well, but I haven't played it for a long time. 我兵乓球打得很好,但好长时间没打了。‎ ‎  His office is in New York, but he is often away. 他的办公室在纽约,但他经常不在。‎ ‎  There were a lot of people and much noise there. But all this was nothing to him. 那里人很多,噪音很大。但是这一切对他来说都无所谓。‎ ‎  [特别提示] 汉语中常说“虽然……,但是……”,但在英语中,‎ ‎ although/though不能和but用在同一个句子中,但although/though可以和yet连用。试译:虽然他年纪相当大了,但还经常在田间劳动。‎ ‎  误: Although/Though he is very old, but he often works in the fields.‎ ‎  正: Although/Though he is very old, he often works in the fields.‎ ‎  正: He is very old, but he often works in the fields.‎ ‎  正: Although/Though he is very old, yet he often works in the fields.‎ ‎  二、 用作介词 ‎  but用作介词时,意为“除……之外”,相当于except, 多和no, nothing, nobody, all, everyone, everything, anybody, none等表示整体概念的词连用,或置于what, who, where等疑问词之后。例如:‎ ‎  I heard nothing but the wind. 除了风声,我什么也没听到。‎ ‎  Have you ever been to anywhere but Beijing? 除了北京之外你还去过别的什么地方吗?‎ ‎  Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除傻瓜外,谁还会干这样的事情?‎ ‎  I have no dictionary but this one. 我只有这一本词典。‎ ‎  Everybody arrived on time but yourself. 大家都按时到达,就是你自己没有。‎ ‎  三、 用作副词 ‎  but用作副词时,意为“仅仅”,相当于only。 例如:‎ ‎  He left but an hour ago. 他一小时前才离开的。‎ ‎  She is but a child. 她不过是个小孩。‎ ‎  I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. 我唯一感到遗憾的是,我仅有一次生命可献给祖国。‎ ‎  [特别提示] but用在“too … to”结构前表示肯定意义。例如:‎ ‎  I am but too glad to follow your advice. 我非常高兴听取你的意见。‎ ‎  They are but too satisfied to be praised. 他们受到表扬,非常满意。‎ ‎  四、 but用于表示歉意的话之后 ‎  but用于Sorry, I'm sorry, Excuse me等表示歉意的话之后,没有实际意义,仅起连接作用,常常被省略。例如:‎ ‎  Im sorry, (but) I disagree with you at all. 对不起,我一点儿也不同意你的意见。‎ ‎  Excuse me, (but) can you tell me the way to the railway ‎ station? 劳驾,请问去火车站怎么走?‎ ‎  五、 含but的短语 ‎  与but构成的常见短语有:‎ ‎  1. not … but … 意为“不是……而是……”,是一个连词词组,当其连接两个主语时,句子谓语动词的形式根据就近原则来定。例如:‎ ‎  We do not study Russian but English. 我们不学俄语,而学英语。‎ ‎  She is not a student, but a worker. 她不是个学生,而是个工人。‎ ‎  Not you but I am a Young Pioneer. 不是你是少先队员,而是我是少先队员。‎ ‎  2. not only … but also … 意为“不但……,而且……”,用来连两个相同的句子成分。连接两个并列主语时,其谓语动词的形式根据就近原则来定。例如:‎ ‎  He can play not only the piano, but also the violin. 他不仅能弹钢琴,而且还会拉小提琴。‎ ‎  Not only the children but also their grandma wants to read the picture book. 不仅孩子们想看小人书,他们的奶奶也想看。‎ ‎  They work not only in the factory but also on the farm.‎ ‎ 他们不但在工厂劳动,而且还在农场劳动。‎ ‎  3. all but意为“除……外全部、几乎”。例如:‎ ‎  All but mother in my family can speak English. 除母亲外,我家人都会说英语。‎ ‎  They have all but finished the task. 他们几乎完成了所有的任务。‎ ‎  4. cannot help but do sth/cannot help doing sth意为“情不自禁做某事”。例如:‎ ‎  When the foreign visitors see the Great Wall in China, they cannot help but think. 当外国游客看到中国的长城,他们不禁浮想联翩。(美国口语)‎ ‎  When the foreign visitors see the Great Wall in China, they cannot but think. (正式用语)‎ ‎  When the foreign visitors see the Great Wall in China, they cannot help thinking. (普通说法)‎ ‎  5. anything but意为“不见得、决不”。例如:‎ ‎  He is anything but a good headmaster. 他不见得是个好校长。‎ ‎  I was anything but angry. 我一点也不生气。‎ ‎  6. nothing but意为“只不过、仅仅”,有“不以为然、厌烦”‎ 之语气。例如:‎ ‎  She is nothing but a housewife. 她只不过是个家庭主妇。‎ ‎  There is nothing but water in the bottle. 那瓶子里只有水。‎