运动会管理系统可研报告 83页

Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第一章概述1.1项目的提出1.1.1项目提出的背景安徽科皖特种铸造有限公司成立于一九九九年，是由民营资本组建的有限责任公司。公司技术力量雄厚，拥有先进的铸造生产设备和理化检测设备，是生产各类精密铸件的专业厂家，二零零五年五月通过ISO9001-2000质量体系认证。科皖公司有较强的产品研制开发能力。KW系列微型合金磨球系本公司开发的高科技产品之一，现已广泛应用于磁性材料、粉末冶金等行业的金属制粉工艺。各类中小精密铸件以优秀的性价比赢得广大用户的青睐，特别是球墨铸铁件在兵器工业部专家的指导下，已成为军工企业的配套产品，现已批量生产，取得了良好的社会和经济效益。随着世界范围内极端天气情况出现次数的增多，人们对全球生态环境的关注力度越来越大。发展“低碳经济”已被广大的专家学者提到议事的日程。同时，“能源危机”等概念也渐渐地崭露于报纸、电视、网络等媒体上。而我国石油资源和石油产量相对不足，石油供需缺口正在逐渐扩大，能源安全问题日显突出。据统计，2000年，发达国家人均能源消费量为7.85吨，而中国人均能源消费量仅为1.05吨，大约为发达国家的13％。中国能源资源总体比较丰富，但人均能源资源占有量和消费量较低，仅为世界人均占有储量的56％。煤炭储量比较丰富。但石油、天然气储量不足，人均占有储量仅为世界人均占有储量的8％和6％。虽然新能源和可再生能源有一定的发展潜力，但受技术和成本的限制，在Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF2020年以前还不可能替代化石能源。能源对经济和社会发展的制约作用正在不断地加剧。除了在开源—寻找新的、清洁的能源方面下功夫外，更得在节流—减少工业生产、社会生活等各领域的耗能上做足文章。以保障社会发展的科学、和谐、持续性。国家“十一五”规划中明确提出“节能减排”发展“低碳经济”的约束性指标。“十一五”期末的主要节能目标是：万元GDP(按2005年价格计算)能耗下降到0.98吨标准煤，比“十五”期末降低20%左右，平均年节能率为4.4%。发展低碳经济，加强节能减排俨然已成为当前最热门的话题之一。尤其哥本哈根会议之后，气候问题已经成为全球共同关注的焦点之一。在我国，节能减排已经纳入战略性发展目标，2009年11月26日，中国公布到2020年的减排目标－单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40％－45％，并作为约束性指标纳入“十二五”规划。1.1.2超高强度铝合金的应用前景1.1.2.1超高强度铝合金在汽车工业中的应用世界汽车保有量与日俱增，正以巨大的影响力改变着人们的工作与生活，但随之而来的能源短缺、环境污染等一系列问题也日益突出。轻型、节能、环保、安全、舒适、低成本成为各汽车制造厂家追求的目标，尤其是节能和环保更是关系人类可持续发展的重大问题，节能减排已成为汽车工业界亟待解决的问题。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF汽车轻量化的内涵是在保证汽车性能不受影响的前提下，既要有目标的减轻汽车自重，又要保证汽车行驶的安全性和舒适性等，同时使汽车本身的造价不被提高。从汽车产品的整个生命周期看，油耗费用是汽车生命周期总费用的主体，占汽车生命周期费用的71％，汽车客户迫切希望降低油耗费用以节约后期的运行成本。由于汽车质量的大小影响到滚动阻力、爬坡阻力与加速阻力，因此汽车质量与其燃油消耗有着极为密切的关系。据分析，降低油耗的主要方法有：减轻重量(轻量化)占50％，提高发动机效率占20％，降低行驶阻力占30％，其中最有效的方法是汽车轻量化。世界铝业协会提出的报告指出，汽车质量每减小10％，可降低6％～8％的油耗。因此，在汽车设计中，轻量化是一个必须考虑的问题。汽车的轻量化不仅可以减小各种行驶阻力，降低燃油消耗，而且也有利于改善汽车的转向、加速、制动和排放等多方面的性能。我国发改委要求是2010年与2003年相比，乘用车新车的平均油耗要减少15％，要完成这个指标，没有轻量化是实现不了的。应当指出，不仅乘用车要求轻量化，同样也适用于商用车。轻量化可改善燃油经济性，提高载货质量，商用车与乘用车同样具有明显的效果。同时，随着计重收费范围的扩大和油价不断上涨，载货车用户既要多承载，又要油耗少的呼声越来越高，各大卡车企业也正集中力量进行卡车轻量化研发。汽车轻量化有很多的途径可以选择，但最直接、有效的方法莫过于应用新型轻质材料，使用密度小、强度高的轻质材料，如铝、镁合金、塑料聚合物材料、陶瓷材料等；使用同密度、同弹性模量而且工艺性能好的截面厚度较薄的高强度钢；使用基于新材料加工技术的轻量化结构用材，如连续挤压变截面型材、金属基复合材料板、激光焊接板材等。其中，高强度铝合金的系列化商品化程度较高。如，1996年奥迪公司生产的全铝A8轿车，采用铝合金挤压车架，质量降低了35％，抗扭强度增加了50%。铝合金车轮、悬挂系统零件、车身、热交换器等。铝代替传统的钢铁制造汽车零部件，可使整车重量减轻30％~50％。在PNGVSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF的进度计划中，用于车身的铝结构设计有几种方案，可减小质量达55％，并可以投入批量生产。通用汽车公司在凯迪拉克的悬挂系统使用了铝合金部件，还加大了悬挂系统转向节的制造中以铝替代铸铁的规模。福特公司使用了铝合金的制动盘，该制动盘质量仅为2.27kg，为原铸铁盘的1/3。克莱斯勒公司的NeodLite车底盘由于使用了大量的铝合金部件，质量减轻了许多，如转向机万向节质量降低3kg，下控制臂降低2.6kg，转向机壳降低1.36kg，转向轴降低1.9kg等。可见，铝合金在汽车工业中具有广阔的应用前景，尤其是超高强度铝合金更是凭借其优异的比强度在汽车工业的发展中占有举足轻重的作用。1.1.2.2超高强度铝合金在航空、航天中的应用2006年2月9日，国务院颁布《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006年~2020年)》，大型飞机被确定为“未来15年力争取得突破的16个重大科技专项”之一。同年3月，十届全国人大四次会议上，温家宝总理宣布，我国将在“十一五”期间启动大型飞机研制项目。2007年2月26日，温家宝总理主持召开国务院常务会议，原则批准大型飞机研制重大科技专项正式立项，引起了国内外的高度关注。2008年5月中国大飞机项目合资公司成立，标志着中国正式进入国产航空运输大飞机的领域。材料是飞机结构的基础，铝合金由于其具有比强度高、成形和加工性能好、耐腐蚀性能好等特点，将作为非常重要的飞机结构材料，在大飞机结构中占有很大的使用比例。国外大型民用客机从波音707发展到现在以波音787和A380Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF为代表的新一代大型民机，从舒适性、安全性、经济性等主要考核民机性能指标上，发生了很大的变化，设计方法也从静强度设计、到破损安全设计、到现在的损伤容限设计，其采用的材料也从片面追求高强度、到要求疲劳强度较好的材料、到除考虑损伤容限之外，同时考虑抗蚀性和低成本的新要求，因此主体结构材料也发生了很大的变化，特别是随着先进复合材料用量大幅度增加，对传统轻质合金的用量冲击很大，如B787飞机的复合材料用量达50%，而铝合金的用量只有20%。但目前正在使用的民用客机，以及即将投入使用的大型客机A380，铝合金还占着主导作用。波音777是美国波音公司九十年代推出的大型民用客机，采用的材料多是80年代末90年代初比较成熟的材料，或90年代商品化的材料。因此，它的选材具有一定的代表性。其主要部位的材料选用见表1。表1波音777主要部位用材一览表部位材料上翼面蒙皮上翼面长桁7055-T77517055-T77511下翼面蒙皮2324-T39下翼面长桁2224-T3511翼梁上缘条下缘条腹板7150-T775112224-T35112324-T39机身长桁、座椅滑轨、龙骨梁7150-T77511侧框（锻件）7050-T7452机身蒙皮2524-T3锻件7150-T77襟翼滑轨Ti-10-2-3起落架轮托架Ti-10-2-3尾喷管β21S尾锥β21S后整流罩β21SSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF部位材料上翼面蒙皮上翼面长桁7055-T77517055-T77511下翼面蒙皮2324-T39下翼面长桁2224-T3511翼梁上缘条下缘条腹板7150-T775112224-T35112324-T39机身长桁、座椅滑轨、龙骨梁7150-T77511A380作为法国Airbus公司推出的面向21世纪的大型民用客机，其机体结构材料，优质铝合金用量最大，占重量的61％，复合材料占25％（22％为CFRP，用量达32t；3％为首次用于民机的GLARE），钛和钢占10％，其他4％，A380飞机主要部位的材料选择见表2。表2A380飞机主要部位选用材料部位选用的材料机身上机身用Glare，中央翼盒CFRP，襟翼/肋CFRP，上地板梁CFRP，后舱门CFRP，吊舱钛合金SPF/DB，密封隔板用Glare，机身地板桁条IMCFRP，机身气密舱的球面框用ROHACELL的PMI硬质泡沫芯。2024/2524蒙皮2024T42挤压框，上壁板Glare，PAX门，RTM铰链，下层梁CFRPIM纤维座椅滑轨7349/7055主层梁Al-LiC460/2196T8511货物舱门梁7175T79511、座椅轨道Ti6Al4V下壁板6013T6焊接（机身-蒙皮）曲面舱门壁板60566013和6056焊接机身下壁板Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.P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t.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF1.3主要结论（1）.安徽科皖特种铸造有限公司投产超高强度铝合金是扩大产业规模转化现有产业优势持续发展企业的需要。同时也是建立在国家大力发展汽车、航空、航天总体趋势的需要和国家对于节能减排减少单位GDP能耗的强烈要求下应时、应势而为的。（2）.安徽科皖特种铸造有限公司注重人才的培养、重视技术在生产中所占的比重，时常和国内外知名院校的教授、学者请教科学文化知识；定期举办技术交流研讨会。在工作和生活上对于技术人员都给以了极大地支持和鼓励。（3）年产5000吨超高强度铝合金制品的生产线采用的现有成熟的技术和经实践证明具有优越的生产效能的新设备。在技术上本项目是可行的。（4）根据工程建设方案的制定及其投资分析，本项目的中投资为人民币37827万元。投资建设期为1年。（5）本项目财务效益良好，全部投资所得税前内部收益率为所得税后内部收益率为投资回收期全部投资所得税前为所得税后为1.3主要问题和建议(1)本项目建成投产后，其机械化水平和自动化水平高，另外由于采用的是新工艺、新设备。因此建议在本项目投产以前加强技术工人的培训和管理人才的支持。(2)本项目的建设和投产需要当地政府的大力配合和支持。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第二章企业概况安徽霍山科皖特种铸造有限责任公司坐落在皖西革命老区霍山县，紧靠风景秀丽的新中国第一坝——佛子岭水库和大别山主峰旅游区，位于安徽军工发源地“九厂一院”的所在地，国道105贯穿城区，省道318线环城而过，距宁西铁路、合武高速铁路站30Km，距京福高速入口仅66Km，距离正在兴建的新桥国际机场36Km，交通非常便捷。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.Paragraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa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esToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第三章市场预测及生产纲领3.1拟建规模3.1.1产品名称本生产线以生产超高强度铝合金为主，并具备按需生产该合金型材、棒材、板材及其它零部件的能力。设计年产超高强度铝合金制品5000吨。3.1.2产品规格（见表3.1）表3.1产品规格表序号产品名称规格备注1板材、型材厚度5-500mm按需生产2棒材、管材Φ5-Φ500mm；L：10-5000mm按需生产3锻件包括自由锻件和模锻件投影面积≤1650cm2厚度≤150mm4零部件汽车大梁、模具及其它按需生产3.1.3产品结构（见表3.2）表3.2产品结构表序号产品类型产量产品比列备注1板材、型材3000吨/年60%Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF可根据产品要求进行热处理2棒材、管材700吨/年14%3锻件1000吨/年20%4零部件300吨/年6%3.1.4产品性能本项目所生产的超高强度铝合金，具有非常高的比强度以及良好的综合理化性能。典型产品的机械及物理性能如表3.3所示。表3.4典型产品超高强度铝合金板材（T651）机械性能抗拉强度MPa6300.2%屈服强度MPa560伸长率％14体膨胀系数m3/(m3*K)68*10-6弹性模具E/GPa72硬度HB180密度KG.m32810.53.1.5产品用途Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF随着国际、国内对环境、能源的大力关注，经济发展的同时，人们都在大力倡导节能减排。在中国节能减排已经被写入相关法律法规。在这样的背景下，作为超高强度、具有良好的抗腐蚀、电化学综合性能的轻质铝合金其应用前景不可限量。可作为航天、航天工业中的结构件，在大大降低其生产、运行成本的同时又能实现节能减排。在汽车工业中，可作为汽车大梁、底盘、轮毂等主要结构件，显著地减轻整车的重量，减少油耗。在建筑行业中，可作为建筑结构件型材。另外还可被应用于如染织机中的梭子、机械手臂等其他行业中的动力结构件中，以减少机构在运行过程中能量消耗促进节能减排规划的发展。3.2市场需求预测超高强度具有优异的综合性能的轻质合金无论是在航空、航天等高端领域。还是在普通的民用领域，一直以来都占据着非常重要的地位。本项目讨论的超高强度铝合金其力学性能、综合性能超过进口7075、7050合金，而且拟建的工厂具备对合金进行挤压、锻造、热处理、预拉伸、阳极氧化等工艺的能力。而进口7075T651合金的价格在11万元/吨，远高于一般铝合金的价格，这一直是轻质铝合金不能被应用到一些民用工业结构件中的重要原因。面对如此高的价格，考虑到产品的成本，很多行业都为了降低成本而放弃了选用超高强度铝合金的打算。而安徽霍山县科皖特种铸造有限责任公司，地处中部地区。便利的交通、丰富的劳动力资源、以及优秀的管理团队和德艺双馨的技术人员这些都为其生产的产品注入了优质的潜在价值，大大的降低了该超高强度铝合金产品的价格。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF可以看出，随着节能减排大趋势的蓬勃发展；航天、航天领域的迫切需求；多行业领域对轻质高强度合金的强烈愿景；具有很大的价格优势和综合物理、化学性能的国产超高强度铝合金的市场供求是失衡的。本项目生产的超过强度铝合金将具有良好的市场前景。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第四章公用动力条件4.1地理位置安徽科皖特种铸造有限责任公司位于皖西革命老区霍山县，霍山地处安徽省西部、大别山北麓，面积2043平方公里，人口36.7万，辖16个乡镇、130个村、15个社区，属北亚热带温湿季风区，植被丰富，物种众多，森林覆盖率达71.5%，生物物种多达6500余种，是一个生态系统相对完备、森林植被垂直分布、珍稀物种丰富的天然基因宝库。这里有丰富的矿产、药材、茶叶、蚕桑、毛竹、水电、板栗、森林等自然资源，素有“金山药岭名茶地，竹海桑园水电乡”的美誉。公司所在地毗邻佛子岭水库和大别山主峰旅游区，位于安徽军工发源地“九厂一院”的所在地。4.2气候条件地属亚热带湿润季风气候和温带半湿润季风气候的过渡地带。其特征是季风显著，气候湿润，四季分明，无霜期长，光、热、水条件优越。常年平均气温为15℃，平均无霜期为220天，常年平均降雨量为1400毫米，平均降雨日为141天，最少111天。4.3运输条件安徽科皖特种铸造有限责任公司毗邻国道105，省道318线环城而过，距宁西铁路、合武高速铁路站30Km，距京福高速入口仅66Km，距离正在兴建的新桥国际机场36Km，交通非常便捷。公司和各原料供应产区有多条运输道路相连，交通运输状况良好。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF4.4供电条件经安徽省电力局同意，选经过公司附近的高压线接线供电。4.5水源本公司所在地属亚热带湿润季风气候和温带半湿润季风气候，气候湿润，常年平均降雨量为1400毫米，且公司毗邻佛子岭水库。水源非常丰富加上取水成本低廉，完全可以保证公司的生产、生活用水。4.6排水本公司对生产、生活产生的污水进行净化处理后循环利用。做到产区内消化，不外排。4.7通讯通过电话、传真、互联网和外界保持联系，公司有内线电话，作为厂区内部联系使用。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第五章物料供应及协作5.1用电负荷及供电情况安徽科皖特种铸造有限责任公司现有装机容量500Kw，远远不能满足新生产线的供电需求，因此将公司的装机容量增加为9800Kw，计算有功功率为6860Kw。安徽科皖特种铸造有限责任公司现有1台变压器，为560Kw，本项目设计新安装6台变压器，均为1600Kw。5.2水资源供应情况安徽科皖特种铸造有限责任公司现有引水管道其出水量为20m3/h，Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF还有一个100m2的清水池，并设有二级泵站一个，其水质负荷生活饮水标准和生产用水水质的要求。公司的给排水自成系统，公司每小时用水为40吨，需新架设管道一条，其出水量为20m3，并增设100m3清水池和二级泵站一个，其水质负荷生活饮水标准和生产用水水质的要求。5.3原料安徽科皖特种铸造有限责任公司拟投产的超过强度铝合金生产所需要的主要原料为：电解铝锭；锌锭；镁锭；Al-50Cu中间合金；Al-Sc中间合金；Al-4.1Y中间合金；Al-10Sr中间合金；Al-4Zr中间合金；Al-15%Mn中间合金；变质、精炼剂；覆盖剂；润滑油；模具等。所需原材料都可以在附近地域购得，具有供应链稳定、质量较好、运距短、交通方便、价格便宜等优点。第六章主要生产设施及设备Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF6.1生产工艺过程综述本生产线主要有：原料清理检查、称量和配料、熔炼、浇铸、均匀化退火、热轧、热挤压、锻造、性能检测、包装等生产工段。6.2原料清理、检查工段生产所需原料主要经由公路运输进厂。进厂原料首先存放在露天堆料厂，然后分类存放进仓库。将大块原料破碎、清洗、清理回炉料。并抽样检查原料品质。保证原料的质量。6.3称量、备料工段确定合金的配料标准、炉料组成和每炉的全部炉料量，进行炉料的准备过程。根据经验确定出各辅料的实收率范围之后，依据产品成份要求，计算得出配料所需各物料的具体数值，然后按照各辅料添加方法加入熔体。另6.4熔炼、浇铸工段6.4.1概述Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF目前国内外大中型铝加工厂的铸锭生产仍以半连续铸造法为主，它的主要特点是单机生产能力大，适合于各种牌号系列的铝及铝合金扁锭铸造，扁锭经热轧后可进一步轧制成各种用途的高精度板、带、箔材，适合于大、中型铝加工厂采用。其生产工艺技术正朝着增大锭重、提高产品质量、降低消耗、提高生产效率以及生产过程机械化、自动化的方向发展。铝及铝合金熔体内含氢量的高低和非金属夹杂物的多少对铝材质量有着重要的影响。炉内精炼技术，例如气体精炼、熔剂精炼、喷粉精炼等技术，在铝熔体处理上只能达到25％以内的效果，不能完全满足生产高质量产品的合金的要求，因此必须采用高效的在线除气和过滤技术。在线除气是在铸造过程中对铸造流槽中的铝熔体采用N2或Ar气作为精炼气体进行精炼除气，能有效地除去铝熔体中的氢，除气效率可达到70％以上。本项目采用Ar气作为精炼气体进行除气。铝熔体炉外在线处理法将除渣与除气有机的结合起来，具有较好的脱气、除渣、脱钠效果，而且不对环境造成污染，在铝熔体处理中得到了广泛的应用。过滤是去除铝合金熔体中非金属夹杂物最有效和可靠的手段。熔体过滤有网状过滤、泡沫陶瓷板过滤、微孔陶瓷管过滤等。本项目使用的是泡沫陶瓷过滤板。熔炼和浇铸在熔铸车间进行，熔铸车间的任务是为压延车间提供规格和质量均符合技术要求的铝合金扁锭。熔铸车间的设计规模为：年产铝及铝合金扁锭为5000t。熔铸车间生产拟采用国际上大型铝加工企业所普遍采用的、成熟的生产工艺技术，即：熔炼一保温一除气、过滤和晶粒细化一半连续铸造的工艺技术生产铝及铝合金扁锭。熔铸车间主要设备有：圆形熔铝炉、倾动式保温炉、在线精炼过滤装置、液压半连续铸造机以及铸锭锯切机列等。根据国内外铝熔铸生产设备的设计制造水平，熔炼一保温炉组、液压半连续铸造机、电磁搅拌装置等由国外引进，铸锭锯切机列采用国内外合作制造，均热炉组及中频感应炉为国内设计制造。考虑本项目所生产铸锭规格和最终产品的需要，熔铸车间同时引进铸造工艺技术。熔铸车间生产线达到国内外先进水平。合金化学成份分析和铸锭组织检验由熔铸车间炉前分析室及中心实验室承担；生产所需的Ar、压缩空气、循环水等由公司原有设施及新建的站房提供；生产所需的原辅材料外购。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF6.4.2金属平衡依据熔铸车间生产计划和拟采用的生产技术和装备水平，参照国内外同类工厂生产的实际情况，经计算确定熔铸车间的综合成品率为87.5%。熔铸车间的年投料量为7534t，其中返回废料为2729t，新金属与中间合金用量为4805t。新金属用量具体如下：重熔用铝锭3200t重熔用镁锭140t锌锭365t铝-钛-硼线杆11t中间合金锭：Al-50Cu200tAl-3Sc166tAl-4.1Y300tAl-4Zr125tAl-15Mn130tA1-6Ni208tAl-10Sr55t6.4.3合金的熔炼、铸造工艺熔炼是使金属合金化的一种方法，它采用加热的方式改变金属物态，使基体金属和合金化组元按要求的配比熔制成成分均匀的熔体，并使其满足内部纯洁度、铸造温度和其他特定要求的一种工艺过程。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.Paragraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa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ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF这是因为在配料计算时，虽然对成分进行了控制，但是生产中的不可控因素很多，在熔炼过程中可能由于各种原因而发生了合金成分的变化。比如炉前过秤的不准确、使用的中间合金成分不均匀、烧损超出预计值、熔体偏析跑漏等，都可使熔体的实际化学成分偏离控制范围。因而在合金化元素都加完后必须从熔体中取样进行炉前快速成分分析。在取样分析时要注意以下几点：（1）试样具有代表性。取样前应充分搅拌，以均匀其成分，由于反射炉熔池表面温度高，炉底温度低，没有对流传热作用，取样前要多次搅拌，每次搅拌时间不得少于5min。　（2）取样部位和操作方法要合理。由于熔池大而深，尽管取样前进行多次搅拌，熔池内各部位的成分仍然有一定的偏差，因此，试样应在熔池中部最深部位的二分之一处取出。取样前应将试样模充分加热干燥，取样时操作方法正确，使试样符合要求，否则试样有气孔、夹渣或不符合要求，都会给快速分析带来一定的误差。　（3）取样时温度要适当。某些密度大的元素，它的溶解扩散速度随着温度的升高而加快。如果取样前熔体温度较低，虽然经过多次搅拌，其溶解扩散速度仍然很慢，此时取出的试样仍然无代表性，因此取样前应控制熔体温度适当高些。　G.补料、冲淡当快速分析结果和合金成分要求不相符时，就应调整成分——冲淡或补料。（1）补料。快速分析结果低于合金化学成分要求时需要补料。为了使补料准确，应按下列原则进行计算：1）先算量少者后算量多者；2）先算杂质后算合金元素；　3）先算低成分的中间合金，后算高成分的中间合金；Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF4）最后算新金属一般可按下式近似地计算出所需补加的料量，然后予以核算，算式如下：　X=[(a-b)Q+(c1+c2+…)a]/(d-a)式中：X——所需补加的料量，kg;Q——熔体总量（即投料量），kg;a——某成分的要求含量，%；b——该成分的分析量，%；c1、c2、cx——分别为其它金属或中间合金的加入量，kg;d——补料用中间合金中该成分的含量（如果是加纯金属，则d=100），%。（2）冲淡快速分析结果高于化学成分合金成分标准上限时就需冲淡。在冲淡时高于化学成分标准的合金元素要冲至低于标准要求的该合金元素含量上限。在冲淡时一般按照下式计算出所需的冲淡量。X=Q（b-a）/a式中b——某成分的分析量，%；a——该成分的标准上限的要求含量，%；Q——熔体总量，kg;X——所需的冲淡量，kg;合金成分调整时需注意以下几点：（1）补料和冲淡时都用中间合金；Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF　（2）补料量和冲淡量在保证合金元素要求的前提下应越少越好；　（3）如果在冲淡量较大的情况下，还应补入其它合金元素，使这些合金元素的含量不低于相应的标准或要求。　H.出炉　当熔体经过精炼处理，并扒出表面浮渣后，待温度合适时，即可将金属熔体输注到静置炉，进行精炼、变质、除处理，以便准备铸造。　I.清炉清炉就是将炉内残存的结渣彻底清出炉外。每当金属出炉后，都要进行一次清炉。当连续生产5~15炉，就要进行大清炉。大清炉时，应先均匀向炉内撒入一层粉状熔剂，并将炉膛温度升至800℃以上，然后用三角铲将炉内各处残存的结渣彻底清除。熔炼过程中用到的工具都要预先涂覆TiO2粉末，并预热到200-300oC防止污染熔体和带入水气。在熔炼结束后，就要借助流管将合金液导入静置炉中进行后续处理。选用与熔炼炉和静置炉落差相适应长度的流管倒炉，在倒炉前提前放置好流管，利用炉温充分预热流管，并将流槽内残余金属清除干净，防止倒炉是发生凝管事故，污染熔体。6.4.3.2精炼、变质合金熔炼后的合金液中，含有气体、夹杂物和/或有害元素，将会对合金的性能造成很大的影响。必须利用精炼剂通过物理的、化学或物理化学的相互作用来去除。而且为了得到晶粒细小的铸造组织需要对熔体进行变质处理。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF精炼和变质过程在静置炉中完成。精炼时将一定量的商用精炼剂装入喷射装置的储存罐中，借助该专用装置送气送电，喷枪插入铝液内部并平移动喷枪，使熔剂均匀送到各个部位，直至定量的熔剂送完为止，大约10分钟左右,所用气体为99.99%的高纯氮气，精炼时氮气的压力在能够吹出粉剂的条件下以低为好，一般控制在0.1～0.3Pa,精炼剂用量为0.15～0.20%。精炼温度控制在730~750℃，精炼后静置20min即可扒渣，扒渣时尽量避免搅拌动铝液，以免把渣卷入铝液中，然后用1号覆盖剂覆盖熔体表面，防止熔体重新氧化,静置20Min后浇铸成铸锭。另外为避免熔铸过程中工具对合金成分的污染，须对工具表面涂覆一层TiO2。变质采用Al-Ti-B、Al-Re和Al-Sr复合变质剂，用铝箔包好烘干、预热到200-300℃，用钟罩压入熔池底部。精炼和变质后进行扒渣，将炉渣量1‰～2‰的造渣剂均匀地撤地熔体表面，来减少渣中的含铝基。造渣剂与铝液的反应如下：Na2SiF6—>2NaF+SiF42NaF+Al203—>NaAl02+NaAlOF24NaF+2Al203—>3NaAl02+NaAlF46NaF+Al203—>2AlF3+3Na20反应物AlF，与铝、氧发生放热反应，所释放的热量，使粘性熔渣成为松散粉末状的干性渣。这样，铝熔体与渣中氧化物的湿润性变小，使混在渣中的颗粒状铝滴脱离而出，回到熔体中。精炼、变质完后静置30min-45min转入浇铸工序。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF6.4.3.4铸造工艺目前世界上为生产铝及铝合金板、带、箔材所使用的冷轧坯料主要有三种：第一种是用半连续铸造+热轧法生产的热轧卷坯；第二种是用连铸连轧法生产的热轧卷坯；第三种是用连续铸轧法所生产的铝及铝合金铸轧卷坯。这三种为冷轧供坯的方式各有其优缺点和适用范围。半连续铸造一热轧法为冷轧生产铝及铝合金板、带、箔提供坯料仍然是世界上占有主导地位的生产方法。该法是采用半连续铸造机生产铝及铝合金扁锭，扁锭经锯切、铣面、加热(均热)后再通过单机架或多机架热轧机轧制成热轧卷为冷轧供坯。它具有产品质量高、产能大且产品不受合金种类的限制等优点，缺点是设备投资大，投资回收期长，建设时间长，生产工序多，能耗高。针对半连续铸造一热轧法的缺点，从二十世纪五十年代起采用双辊式连续铸轧机生产铝及铝合金铸轧卷坯逐步应用于铝板、带、箔生产中。采用双辊式铸轧法供坯不仅简化了生产工艺、缩短了生产周期、明显提高了成品率，而且减少了大量的设备投资和能源消耗。但是双辊式铸轧法生产的合金品种有限，而且产品的内部质量和表面质量均比半连续铸造一热轧供坯生产的箔材产品质量差。因此，连续铸轧法只用于生产普通铝箔及一般民用铝板、带材。为了克服双辊式铸轧法存在的缺点，上世纪八十年代初双履带式连铸机(CasterSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF11)和双钢带式连铸机(Hazelett)开始运用到铝扳、带材生产中。这类连铸机配1台单机架或多机架热轧机，组成连铸连轧机组，采用连续铸造机生产铝及铝合金薄锭坯，薄锭坯再经在线热轧机轧制成热轧卷坯。这种铸造方法将薄锭坯铸造与热连轧有机的结合起来，具有投资少、产量高、生产成本低等优点。连铸连轧法与双辊式铸轧法相比大大增加了生产的合金品种和单机架的生产能力，与半连续铸造一热轧法相比，具有工序短、能耗少等特点，但合金品种仍不及半连续铸造一热轧法，而且其铸造工艺和质量仍有待改进。本项目主要生产厚板、产品规格较大，产品质量要求高，连铸连轧法及双辊式铸轧法均无法满足和适应本项目的生产要求，因此本项目采用半连续铸造法生产铝及铝合金扁锭为热轧供坯。铝合金液通过铝熔体在线精炼过滤装置，去除铝熔体中的气体和非金属夹杂物，由半连续铸造机生产出毛铸锭。浇铸温度在720-730℃。由于铸造生产出的合金存在很大的成分偏析在送下一步生产时需要做均匀化退火。毛铸锭在均热炉均匀化退火后，在锯切机列上锯切头尾，经检查质量合格的铸锭送往压延车间。熔炼、浇铸车间生产工艺流程图见图5-1Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF中间合金回炉废料重熔铝锭配料装炉熔炼扒渣、搅拌加入镁锭取样分析、调整成分转炉、静置、保温精炼、变质在线处理铸造均匀化退火锯切检验合格铸锭陶瓷板过滤图6.1熔炼、铸造工艺流程图Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF6.4.4合金熔炼、铸造的主要设备选择为实现本项目的生产规模及生产工艺，保证生产出高质量铝及铝合金锭，结合本工程生产的产品用途，扁锭生产线拟选择一系列现代化的铝熔铸生产设备，详见表6.1。6.4.5.1熔炼-保温设备目前国内外铝及铝合金熔铝炉、保温炉主要有电阻炉和燃气或燃油炉两类。电阻炉的优点是采用洁净的电能，工作环境好，但由于电阻炉受多种因素的制约，如：(1)炉膛高度有限：电阻炉的加热元件布置在炉膛顶部，提高炉膛高度将会使熔化能力迅速降低；(2)容量小：由于炉膛宽度增加会使加热元件向下弯曲并增加其消耗量，而炉膛长度增加将使熔液的成份和温度不均匀，因此电阻炉的容量一般都比较小：(3)生产率比较低：电阻炉加热元件单位面积上的功率范围为42-49kw/m2，所以电阻炉的总功率受到限制，其熔化能力也受到限制；(4)电阻带消耗高：电阻带安装在炉顶容易被精炼产生的气体腐蚀，熔体飞溅也会造成电阻带熔蚀而损坏，而且电阻带的更换和维护较困难；(5)加料困难：电阻炉的炉门尺寸较小，装料前对废铸锭需要锯切、对返回废料需要剪切。因此，电阻炉无法满足现代化生产所必须具备的高效、低耗的要求。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF世界上许多大型铝加工厂，均采用大容量燃气或燃油炉熔炼一保温。燃油或燃气炉最大的优点是成本低、生产效率高，通过实时控制熔炼工艺参数，并对铝熔体进行炉内处理，可得到高质量的熔体，满足铸锭质量要求。燃油或燃气熔铝炉通过强化烧嘴能力，使炉子具有较高的熔化速率；采用叉车或专用的加料装置，实现机械化装炉，使炉子的生产率得以提高；多种利用烟气余热预热助燃空气的技术的开发，提高了炉子的热效率、降低了能耗；采用计算机控制熔炼制度，实现燃烧系统的自动化控制，确保了铝熔体、炉膛温度的均匀及炉压的稳定，并且提高了炉子使用的安全性。目前，国外熔铝炉的熔化速率可达12-20t/h，热效率可达50％以上。燃油或燃气熔铝炉的炉型有圆形和矩形两种，圆形炉的优点是有利于热的对流、辐射，有利于机械化装料，可利用天车进行炉顶加料，从而缩短加料时间，提高炉子的生产效率。燃油或燃气熔铝炉的炉型有圆形和矩形两种，圆形炉的优点是有利于热的对流、辐射，有利于机械化装料，可利用天车进行炉顶加料，从而缩短加料时间，提高炉子的生产效率。燃油或燃气保温炉有固定式和倾动式矩形炉。倾动式矩形炉的优点是铝熔体流动平稳、温度均匀。通过采用计算机控制保温周期、炉压、燃料、空燃比、铝液温度等，实现自动控制。铸造过程中，可自动控制流槽液面，使炉内液面与流槽液面几乎保持同一水平，从而保证进入结晶器内的铝液流平稳和温度稳定。大型燃油或燃气炉多采用节能型烧嘴系统，如自身预热式烧嘴系统和蓄热式换热烧嘴系统等。自身预热式烧嘴系统将烧嘴、热交换器、排烟装置(引风机)有机结合在一起，助燃空气预热温度≤500℃，而蓄热式换热烧嘴系统助燃空气可预热到900℃以上，该烧嘴系统成对配置，一个在燃烧，另一个吸进烟气进行蓄热换热，两个烧嘴交叉循环使用，通过采用PLC控制系统，根据氧气分析仪确定的炉内氧气含量，精确的控制燃油/空气比率，可在20-100％范围内调节烧嘴燃烧能力，燃料得到充分燃烧，使离炉烟气温度在200℃以下，Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF蓄热式高温空气燃烧技术高温空气燃烧改变了传统燃烧方式，采用烟气再循环方式或燃料炉内直接喷射燃烧的方式，主要表现为经过陶瓷蜂窝体的助燃空气被预热至1000℃以上，以适当的速度喷入炉膛，在高速气流卷吸、搅拌作用下与炉内燃烧产物混和，空气中21％的氧被稀释，在低氧浓度(最低5％～6.5％)流体中燃烧由此产生许多优点：(1)热回收率可达80％以上，温度效率可达90％以上。(2)消除了局部高温区，炉温分布均匀，提高加热质量。(3)延长炉子耐火材料使用寿命。(4)在高温空气条件下燃烧可实现低空气系数燃烧，减少钢坯氧化烧损。(5)NOx及C02生成量降低。因此本项目拟采用配置有蓄热式换热烧嘴的圆形顶装料熔铝炉，静置炉为5t工颇有芯感应熔铝电炉。熔炼-静置炉组的主要技术参数如下；5t圆形轻柴油熔铝炉：规格L5额定容量5t铝水720-760℃，max850℃炉膛1050-1200℃烧嘴数量2烧嘴类型环保型蓄热式烧嘴燃料0#轻质柴油Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF熔化和升温到730℃的能耗≤50kg/t-AI(柴油)熔化速度2.5t/h5t工频有芯感应静置炉：总容量8t有效容量5t额定功率450Kw熔化速度0.8t/h额定使用温度750℃功率因素》0.96感应器使用寿命90d生产能力5000t/a6.4.5.2电磁搅拌装置Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF电磁搅拌装置是由变压器、变频器、控制单元、感应线圈、循环冷却水系统组成。变压器主要是将变频器产生的谐波与电网隔离．循环冷却水系统是保护感应线圈正常工作。通过变频器产生的低频电源通过电磁线圈产生行波交流磁场，次交流磁场穿过线圈前方的不锈钢板和耐火材料进入熔池，在熔池内的感应电流和磁场共同作用产生了电磁力，推动熔池内铝熔体流动。为了不破坏铝熔体的表面氧化层，需控制输入电磁感应线圈的电流，从而控制磁场力的大小，因此也就控制了铝熔体搅拌的强度。铝熔池的有效搅拌能够确保成分均匀、改善传热和传质过程，是提高生产效率、改善铸造质量的关键因素。在熔炼过程中如果采用铁制工具搅拌，增加铝熔体内铁含量，污染了铝熔体，采用电磁搅拌装置，不但可以确保成分均匀性而且避免了铁制工具对铝熔体的污染，大大缩短了熔炼时间，可提高生产率10-25％，也可以减少10-15％的燃料消耗，同时可以使铝熔体温差降到5℃左右，降低了铝熔体表面温度，也减少了炉渣的生成。6.4.5.3铝熔体净化设备铝熔体净化设备包括除气装置和过滤装置等，在线除气装置的种类繁多，典型的有采用固定喷嘴的MINT法以及采用旋转喷头的SNIF法和ALPUR法等。目前国内外逐步推广的流槽式铝熔体除气装置，采用多个旋转喷头或喷嘴，在提高除气效率的同时，减少了铸次间金属的放干，降低运行费用。国内近年来引进了多种在线除气装置，并进行了消化、开发，已可生产制造在线除气装置，除气效率可达到50％以上，铝熔体氢含量可达到0.12ml/100g-AI左右，能够满足除军工及航空、航天用铝扳材外大部分产品的质量要求，与5t炉组配套的铝熔体在线处理装置从国内采购。6.4.5.4铸造设备本项目拟引进内导式液压铸造机，这是因为内导式液压铸造机导柱布置在液压缸内，可以有效避免了铝液飞溅对导柱的影响，大大提高铸造机运行的稳定性；而且铸造过程中铸锭可以较宽的速度范围内平稳地下降，并可任意调整铸造速度，因而这种铸造机可以用来生产更高质量的铸锭。铸造设备的主要技术参数如下：铸锭规格：额定铸造量5000kg；Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF最大铸锭长度6000mm；工作台尺寸1500*1500mm；铸造速度0～250mm／min；快速升降速度0.02~2m/min；铸造长度控制精度≤士1％；铸造速度控制精度≤士0.5％；铸锭长度士1％；铸锭厚度士1％；铸锭宽度≤士0.5％；铸锭弯曲度≤1mm/m；结晶器液位控制精度士1mm；冷却水最大供应量150m3/h；6.4.5.5扁铸锭锯切机列铝及铝合金扁锭锯切采用圆盘锯或带锯。实践证明国产锯切机普遍存在噪音大、效率低、锯切质量较差等问题，特别是在锯切厚大铸锭以及当锯切纯铝及软合金时易粘锯。而国外多采用带锯，生产效率高，切割率快锯口宽度小，金属损耗少，同时减少润滑油的耗量。为节省投资扁锭锯切机列拟采用中外合作制造的方式，锯切机本体从国外引进，机列其他部分由国内配套。扁锭锯切机列的主要技术参数如下：铸锭厚度：最大360mm铸锭宽度：最大2000mmSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF铸锭长度：最大2500mm设备加工精度：表面粗糙度：≤30um不平度：≤±0.5mm垂直度：≤±0.5表6-1熔铸车间主要设备序号设备名称单位数量备注15t圆形轻柴油熔炼炉台1合作制造25t工频有芯感应静置炉台1合作制造35液压内导式半连续铸造机台1引进4在线精炼装置台1合作制造5电磁搅拌装置台2合作制造65t均匀化退火炉台2国产7扁锭锯切机列台1合作制造8起重运输设备台2国产6.5热轧工段6.5.1概述Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF热轧是在金属再结晶温度以上进行的轧制过程，充分利用了金属的高温特性，能有效改善金属及其合金的加工工艺性能，同时明显降低了能耗，特别是可以采用大铸锭生产，提高了生产效率。目前世界发达国家的主要铝加工企业，如：美国铝业公司、加拿大铝业公司、法国普基铝业公司、德国阿尔诺夫公司、日本神户制钢、古河铝等，均为大型的联合企业集团或跨国公司。它们拥有完备的铝板、带、箔材加工体系和庞大的生产能力，一般由多家专业化生产厂组成。这些工厂配备有大型、高速、连续、自动化、专业化和高精度的工艺装备，都采用热轧开坯的生产工艺(即半连续铸造一热轧)。采用这种生产工艺可生产所有铝合金牌号的铝扳、带、箔产品，从而适应所有铝板、带、箔消费领域。生产的产品在表面质量、内部质量以及深冲性能等各方面同国内生产企业相比有很大的优势。这些铝加工企业采用规模化、专业化的生产方式，标志着世界上铝板、带、箔加工行业的发展趋势。它们能有效地提高生产效率和成品率，降低生产成本，并可以保证产品质量的稳定，因而都获得了良好的经济效益。主要由于上世纪七十年代由于航空、航天领域的飞速发展，喷气式飞机的速度越来越快，传统的飞机铆接制造工艺已经不能满足高空高速喷气式飞机的需要了。因此，需要用整张铝合金厚板直接加工出飞机外部蒙皮和内部框架，大大减少了铆接件的数量，因而大大提高了飞机在超音速飞行时的稳定性。世界上厚板的生产已有几十年的历史，已经形成了完善的厚板生产理论，而且不断的改进生产设备，以满足生产铝合金厚板的尺寸越来越大、质量越来越高的要求。例如，美铝的达文波特厂在1948年建设了一条“1+5”热轧生产线，热粗轧机的辊宽为3658mm，在1956年增加了一台4064mm的热粗轧机，在1972年又增加了一台5588mm的热粗轧机，最终建成“1+1+1+5”热轧生产线。并且分别在1990年、1994年和2002年对这三台热粗轧机进行了现代化改造。有的飞机需要变断面板材，例如：米格19、米格21等，现在的现代化飞机不需要变断面板材了。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF不仅如此，厚板的精整工艺也得到了巨大的发展。在硬铝合金的淬火过程中，由于第二相在转移过程中不断析出，沿晶粒边缘沉淀的第二相与固溶体之间由于腐蚀电位不同，形成了微电池，在使用过程中沿晶界或它的近旁发生腐蚀。如果淬火时的转移速度慢，则有相当高的晶间腐蚀敏感性，快速淬火则晶间腐蚀抗力很高。因此，如何减少转移时间是解决硬铝晶间腐蚀的关键。老式的淬火工艺主要是通过盐浴槽来进行，从盐浴炉到淬火水槽之间的转移用天车吊料，转移时间长，～般在十几秒以上，无法生产高质量的产品。目前先进的淬火工艺有：连续式辊底淬火炉、立式空气淬火炉、热风循环式淬火炉和活动底炉等，这几种方式的转移时间都很短，因此可生产用于航空、航天领域的厚板产品。由于铝合金厚板在淬火后内部存在强大的内应力，经过一定的时间后，板材会发生严重的翘曲。如果单纯使用矫直机对这样的板材进行矫直，虽然可以消除部分内应力，外表看来平直度也较好，但是如果对这样的板材进行机加工，改变了板材内部应力的分布，则又会发生翘曲现象。因此需要使用预拉伸机对板材进行微量拉伸，以达到完全消除扳材内部应力的目的。本项目的主导产品一超高强度铝合金厚板对加工技术的要求相当严格，尤其部分产品要满足军工领域的需求，其内部质量、组织性能、尺寸公差、表面质量等各项指标要求更是苛刻。因此在性能上要求这些产品除具有优良的室温机械性能外，还要求具备很高的耐腐蚀性能以及高温持久性能等，另外在表面质量上也有着相当严格的要求。现代的热轧技术和设备主要表现在:(1)采用大断面铸锭、大压下量轧制；(2)采用热粗轧+多机架热精轧的热连轧工艺；(3)采用X射线测厚的AGC厚度计算机自动控制系统、温度检测和计算机自动控制系统；Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(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ion.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF辊底式淬火炉、立式空气淬火炉、热风循环式淬火炉等设备在淬火过程中的转移时间很短，适合生产用于航空、航天领域的厚板产品。热风循环式辊底炉可处理的厚板规格范围大较大，但对于薄料的生产尚不成熟；立式空气淬火炉生产操作安全，热处理温度控制准确，淬火转移时间短并且可以调整，但淬火后翘曲比较严重；辊底式淬火炉在加热炉中加热(固溶处理)后，立即进入喷淋区，用大流量的去离子冷却水对板材上下表面进行喷淋冷却(淬火)。固溶与淬火之间的转移时间短，时效效应小，而淬火时的冷却强度大，强化组织细小、均匀，板材性能稳定，在以后板材的机械加工中，板材不变形。辊底式淬火炉在技术上比较成熟，淬火时间短，可生产的合金规格范围大，产量高。适合本项目的产品方案。预拉伸是消除残余应力的一种有效的方法,其工作过程为,利用拉伸机系统提供拉力将材料拉伸至一定的延伸率,然后保压一段时间,使铝板消除残余应力。鉴于本项目拟生产超高强度铝合金厚板，强度高，需要巨大的拉伸力综合本项目设计生产能力和以后生产发展的需要，本项目拟采用一台10000t预拉伸机。主要设备如表6.2：序号设备名称主要技术性能数量备注12400mm单机架双卷取热轧机1530*2400V=240m/min1台引进2推锭式铸锭加热炉500*2100*50001台国产3预拉伸机10000t1台引进4拉伸矫直机10Mn1台国产52000mm横切机组V=90m/min1台国产2400纵切机组V=30m/min1台国产6铸锭铣面机组2-5块/h1台国产7辊底式淬火炉装炉量：3t1台国产8时效炉装炉量：3t1台国产Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF9起重运输设备1套国产6.6热挤压工段6.6.1概述目前，铝合金型、棒材生产普遍采用挤压法，生产管材主要采用挤压法、挤压一轧制一拉伸法和挤压一拉伸法。先进的管、棒、型材生产线主要采用下列新技术：(1)反向挤压技术反向挤压比同等条件下正向挤压所需的挤压力减小30～4096，铸锭和挤压筒表面没有摩擦，温升小，金属流动均匀，制品的组织性能均匀、粗晶环浅、尺寸精度高，可采用较高的挤压速度，挤压2×××、5×××、6×××和7×××系合金时，其挤压速度可为正向挤压时的1.5～3.0倍，近几年在硬铝合金管、棒、型材的挤压上得到了越来越广泛的应用。(2)模拟等温挤压技术先进的挤压生产线采用模拟等温挤压技术，可以在较高挤压速度下生产，既大大提高生产效率，又使挤压时制品前后温度相差较小，保证制品沿长度方向组织性能均匀。一般通过铸锭梯度加热或冷却、挤压筒分段加热或冷却、模具冷却、在线测温和控制挤压速度等措施来实现模拟等温挤压。(3)计算机优化挤压工艺参数Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF国外已有厂家利用计算机优化挤压工艺参数，通过存储在计算机中的材料性能、挤压特性、加工范围、挤压机吨位、铸锭直径、挤压简尺寸、最大挤压杆速度、产品资料等数据，经过运算、模拟挤压过程，分析得出最佳的工艺参数，包括挤压速度、铸锭加热温度和铸锭尺寸等。(4)扁筒挤压技术用扁筒挤压是生产扁宽薄壁型材最先进的方法之一。用扁筒挤压宽厚比较大的扁宽薄壁型材与用圆筒挤压同种规格型材相比，挤压筒的内孔形状与扁宽薄壁型材的外轮廓形状相似性好，被挤压的金属流动要均匀的多。同时，利用扁挤压筒能降低对挤压机挤压能力的要求。(5)在线精密淬火工艺对于长度达30m、断面尺寸大、形状复杂的大型、扁宽、薄壁实心和空心轨道车辆型材来说，要同时控制好形状尺寸公差和力学性能是十分困难的。因此为了获得高的力学性能，必须采用冷却强度较大，或冷却强度可调节的在线精密水、水雾、风冷淬火装置。先进的淬火工艺，可根据型材断面尺寸、形状，采用计算机模拟淬火过程，优化淬火工艺。在实际生产中，还可以通过调节型材断面不同部位上的冷却水量、冷却水喷射角度等手段，使淬火制品冷却均匀。目前，国内外铝合金挤制管、棒、型材普遍采用挤压法生产。挤压工艺又可分为正向挤压和反向挤压。国内外绝大多数挤压机为正向挤压，反向挤压机结构较复杂、设备投资较高。对于普通民用材和工业材通常采用正向挤压机。反向挤压机一般用于要求尺寸精度高、组织性能均匀、无粗晶环(或浅粗晶环)的制品和挤压温度范围狭窄的硬铝合金管、棒、型材的挤压生产。特别是大规格的硬合金管棒材和厚壁管，由于变形程度较小，采用正向挤压时表层和心层的变形很不均匀，严重影响制品组织和性能的均匀性，因此，反向挤压法更适合于大规格的硬合金管棒材的生产。因此，本项目Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF大规格管、棒材主要采用反向挤压工艺生产；大规格型材和小规格管、棒、型材采用正向挤压工艺生产。铝合金拉(轧)制无缝管材主要采用挤压一轧制一拉伸法、挤压一拉伸法和斜轧穿孔一拉伸法。由于本项目的铝合金系超高强度铝合金，强度大，而且挤压制品生产规模小。因此拟选用挤压一拉伸法：该法生产的产品质量较高，由于挤出的管材壁厚相对较厚，生产小直径且薄壁的硬合金管材时，拉伸道次和中间退火次数多，生产高精度管材时也同样需较多的拉伸道次。生产壁厚较厚的管材时，可采用接近成品壁厚的挤压，退火后通过少许道次拉伸进行减壁、整径生产出成品。因此，拉伸法具有较高的生产效率。而且设备投资较少，生产范围宽、灵活性较好。6.6.2原料挤压工段的原料为熔铸工段提供的圆锭。根据生产产品，并参考同类型工厂的实际生产情况计算确定的，挤压工段综合成品率为75%。按照年产量700t，年需圆锭量为933t，年返回废料量为233t。所有返回的废料全部运至熔铸车间重熔。6.6.3热挤压生产工艺(1)挤制管、棒、型材空心或实心圆铸锭在挤压生产线上经加热、挤压成材，需淬火制品置于淬火炉中进行淬火，然后经矫直机矫直，再锯切成成品。需人工时效制品随后进行人工时效，产品经检验合格后送入成品库。(2)拉制管材Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.Paragraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa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择挤压工段的主要生产设备是挤压机。我国制造挤压机已有几十年的历史，制造了从水压传动型到油压独立驱动型的数百台挤压机，特别是近年来，几个专业挤压机制造厂，消化吸收了国外的先进技术，采用国外性能良好、运转可靠的液压部件和电气控制元件来配套，使国产的挤压机装备水平有了很大的提高，生产的双动正向挤压机最大吨位已达125MN。本项目生产的铝合金强度非常高，因此选用国产100MN双动正反向油压挤压机。挤压机要求采用目前先进的刚性较高的预应力结构；挤压筒座采用对中性良好的“x”型导向并配有挤压筒位置检测系统，确保挤压筒的对中；挤压机采用电液比例伺服阀闭环控制挤压速度，保证在低速下进行可靠的恒速挤压。穿孔针为内置式，设有过载保护系统。生产线采用PLC和其上位PC机系统，实现挤压生产过程的自动控制，在PC机上通过多画面屏幕菜单输入工作参数、显示挤压机工作状态图、主要工作参数及故障报警，并显示、记录和存储工艺和操作参数，便于工艺参数的改善。与挤压机配套的铸锭感应加热炉，通过端面抓料机械手及装料车装料，可对长度范围500～1500m的铸锭实现全自动梯度加热；该炉采用低损耗多层感应线圈结构，具备独立控制，配合挤压机实现等温挤压工艺。主要设备如表6.3：Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF表6.3热挤压主要生产设备序号设备名称主要技术性能数量备注1100MN热挤压机双动、正反向、油压1台2100MN热挤压辅机1台配套设备3100MN热挤压铸锭加热炉1台配套设备4100MN热挤压模具加热炉1台配套设备5张力矫直机25MN1台6辊式矫直机型材用1台7辊式矫直机Φ10-Φ200mm1台8管棒材拉伸机1500kN1台9液压制头机1台10立式淬火炉装炉量：3t1台116m时效炉装炉量：3t1台Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF12空气锤1台13成品锯床1台14起重运输设备1套6.7锻造工段6.7.1概述铝合金在锻造时通常具有以下一些特点：(1)可锻性几乎所有锻造用的铝合金都有较好的塑性。低碳钢可以锻出的各种形状的锻件，用铝合金都可锻出来。但是，一般说来，由于铝合金的流动性差，在金属流动量相同情况，要比低碳钢需多消耗约30％的能量。(2)锻造温度范围窄铝合金的锻造温度范围一般都在150以内，少数高强度铝合金的锻造湿度范围甚至不到100。其变形温度基本上在350～500之间。由于铝合金的锻造温度范围很窄，所以一般都采用能精确控制加热温度的带强制循环空气的箱式电阻炉或普通箱式电阻炉进行加热，温差控制在±10以内。同时，为了保证适当的锻造温度，提高合金的塑性和流动性，改善合金的成形条件，用于锻造和模锻的工具或模具需要预热。(3)变形速度Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF变形速度对铝合金工艺塑性的影响主要取决于合金加工硬化和再结晶软化速度之间的关系。研究结果表明，大多数铝合金随着变形速度的增大，在锻造温度范围内的工艺塑性并不发生显著降低。这是因为变形速度增大所引起的加工硬化速度的增加，没有使它超过该合金的再结晶速度。但是，一些化学成分比较复杂的铝合金，随着从动载变形(锤上)改为静载变形(压力机)，工艺塑性便要下降。一般在低温范围内变形抗力对变形速度的变化不敏感，而在高温下(锻造温度范围)则比较敏感，变形速度增大，交形抗力增大。根据变形速度对各类铝合金变形抗力影响的研究表明，当铝合金由压力机锻造改为锤上锻造时，变形抗力随着合金化程度的不同，大约增大了0.5～2倍。以上说明，铝合金可以在压力机上锻造，也可以在锤上进行锻造；但是为了增大合金在锻造时的允许变形程度，提高生产率，减少变形抗力并改善金属充填型槽的流动性，选用压力机来锻造铝合金比锤要好些。(4)流动性差所谓流动性是指合金在外力作用下充填锻模型腔的能力，它主要取决于合金的变形抗力和外摩擦系数。铝合金质地很软，外摩擦系数较大，所以流动性较差，模锻时难于成形。(5)导热性良好铝合金由于导热性好，加热时内应力小，且易于均匀热透，所以坯料可以直接装入接近始锻温度的高温炉膛内进行快速加热。挤压坯料在不产生锻造裂纹的条件下，不必进行保温，但铸造坯料加热时需要保温。本项目拟选用开式模锻，开式模锻是变形金属的流动不完全受模腔限制的一种锻造方式。开式模锻时，多余金属沿垂直于作用力方向流动形成毛边。随着作用力的增大，毛边减薄，温度降低，金属由毛边向外流动受阻，最终迫使金属充满型槽。开式模锻时，锻件的成形过程可以分为四个阶段如图6.4所示：Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第Ⅰ阶段(自由变形或称镦粗变形阶段)。在这一阶段，坯料在型槽中发生镦粗变形，对于某些形状的锻件可能伴有局部压入变形。当被镦粗的坯料与模膛侧壁接触时，表明此阶段结束。此时变形金属处于较弱的三向压应力状态，变形抗力也较小。第Ⅱ阶段(形成毛边阶段)。第Ⅰ阶段结束后，由于金属流动受到模膛壁的阻碍，坯料在垂直于作用力方向的自由流动受到限制，继续压缩时，金属流动方向有两个，一个平行于受力方向，流向模膛深处，一个继续沿垂直于作用力方向流向毛边槽，形成少许毛边。此时变形抗力明显增大，毛边桥部内侧的金属处于较强的三向压应力状态。第Ⅲ阶段(充满型槽阶段)。毛边形成后，随着变形的继续进行，毛边逐渐减薄，形成一个阻力圈，使得金属流向毛边槽的阻力急剧增大。当这个阻力大于金属流向模膛深处和圆角处的阻力时，迫使金属继续向模膛深处和圆角处流动，直到整个模膛完全充满为止。此阶段变形金属处于更强的三向压应力状态，变形抗力急剧增大。第Ⅳ阶段(锻足或称打靠阶段)。通常坯料体积略大于模膛容积，因此，当模膛完全充满后，尚须继续压缩至上下模接触（即打靠）。多余金属全部排入毛边槽，以保证高度尺寸符合要求。这一阶段变形仅发生在分模面附近的不大区域内，其它部位则在静水压力作用下压合空洞、疏松或使变形体处于弹性变形状态。此阶段由于毛边厚度进一步减薄和冷却，多余金属由桥口流出的阻力很大，这时变形区处于最强的三向压应力状态，变形抗力也最大。有研究表明，此阶段的压下量虽小于2mm，它消耗的能量却占总能量的30%～50%。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF图6.4开式模锻中金属流动过程的四个阶段为防止过热其始锻温度较低，模锻温度取380-430℃。模锻时模具通常是要加热，模具预热可使模具表面温度与坯料温度之间的温差降低，从而大大减少模具表层的热应力，延长了模其的寿命。通常在250℃-400℃的温度范围内，模具的综合机械性能最好。在金属成形过程中，选择合适的润滑剂，可以有效的降低变形金属与模膛表面的摩擦和变形抗力，下降的幅度通常为3-4％，有时更大，而且有利于变形金属充满模膛和减少模具的磨损及断裂的危险。可选用石墨机油作为润滑剂（其石墨和机油的比例为5：1）6.7.2原料锻造工段使用的原料是熔铸工段提供的毛坯。根据本项目的具体情况和同类工厂的实际生产经验，锻造工段综合成品率为81％。按照年产量1000t，外加上零部件生产用锻件，共计1300t。年需毛坯量为1605t，年返回废料量为305Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFt。所有返回的废料全部运至熔铸车间重熔。6.7.3锻造生产工艺采用自由锻、模锻联合锻造工艺完成重型件生产，采用热模锻压力机机组完成中、轻型件生产。由于合金强度高、零件形状复杂，成形困难。在预制坯工序和终锻工序之间增加预锻工序，使预制坯经过预锻变形接近于终锻件的形状，以便保证终锻时，充满模膛过程中不出现折叠或裂纹等缺陷，同时也降低终锻对设备吨位的要求。充满模膛并不出现折叠或裂纹等缺陷，同时也降低终锻对设备吨位的要求。模锻工艺完成后，清除锻造过程中产生的毛边并根据成品工艺要求选择合适的表面清理，以清除生产过程中产生的污渍。可参照如下工艺。(1)在含4%~8%的NaOH水溶液中，于70`C下浸渍0.5-5min。(2)立即在75℃或更高温度的热水下冲洗0.5~5min。(3)浸人88℃,10%(体积百分比)硝酸的水溶液中，以去除黑色沉淀物。(4)在60~70`C的热水中漂洗3~5min.锻造生产工艺流程详见图6.5Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat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778295试验室22266配电站111147油库111148压缩空气站111149循环水泵站1111410废水处理站11114Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF11运输3333129.3劳动生产率本项目建成达产后，设计年产量为5000吨，达产年销售收入38500万元。计算全员劳动生产率如下：实物劳动生产率：29.4吨／人*年货币劳动生产率；226.47万元／人*年s9.4工资与福利职工工资及福利费平均按3000元／人*月，年工资及福利费总额为51万元。9.5人员培训项目完成国内考察，对外询价，签订合同，以及可行性研究批准后，组织有关人员出国对引进技术设备进行考察，核实所引进的设备在技术上是否合理，以便进行正确选型，以及了解引进设备技术性能、使用条件，进一步进行技术经济比较。从而进一步技术和设备选型形成决策意见。合同签订后，组织生产管理、工艺、技术、机械设备及电器等有关生产骨干到国外进行技术培训。同时组织有关技术管理人员、技术管理工人到国内同行业厂家进行培训。拟从国内同行厂家和高校院校招聘技术熟练操作工人到场进行现场指导，扩大工人培训面，提高工人素质。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahFSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.Paragra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n.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF为防范雷击引起的火灾，生产车间屋面均采取敷设避霄带等防雷措施。油箱、输送燃料油的金属管道及设施，均设接地装置，以防静电火花引起火灾。凡存在火灾危险的场所，其电气设备及照明灯具均按规范要求选用防火、防爆型。消防给水水源由厂区供水管网供给，消防给水管道沿主要道路敷设，围绕主车间成环状布设，并设有室外地下式消火栓，其间距不大于120m。主车间及其他辅助设施按规范设室内消火拴和建筑灭火器。该公司已有较完善的消防管理机构，负责整个厂区的消防工作。本项目消防投资约400万元，占总投资的的0.96％，主要用于车间防雷、防火防爆、电气防火、消防设施等。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第十一章节能节能在国民经济建设中式一项重要的战略任务，建材行业消耗仅次于火力发电和冶金行业，是我国第三大耗能大户，而且能源利用率较低。目前我国有色金属冶炼、制造行业能耗较大，距国际先进水平尚有一定的差距。因此节能具有重要意义。本与可行性研究中，主要从以下方面节能：（1）熔铝炉蓄热式换热烧嘴系统，利用燃烧废气的余热预热助燃空气，提高了热能的利用率和炉子的热效率，降低了能耗。保温炉及热处理用电炉均具有良好的保温性能、热效率高、具备自动化仪表监控系统，能耗低，有效地节约了能源。（2）生产中选择生产工艺时，大多选择工艺成熟、能耗低的工艺技术。且在现有的基础上积极推进工艺的优化设计提高生产效率降低能耗水平。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF（3）回收各生产工段的气体、固体原料，努力做到能循环利用、合理配置资源，在降低生产成本的同时，节约了能源。（4）车间变压器拟选用低耗节能变压器，并靠近使用负荷点配置，减少了线路损耗。（5）节约用水，提高水的重复利用率。本工程循环水复用率为96％，满足有色金属加工行业对循环水复用率大于80％的要求，可节约大量新水。循环供水系统靠近主要用户，就近布置，减少沿途压降损失，节约用电和投资。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第十二章环境保护和劳动安全卫生12.1环境保护12.1.1大气污染物熔铸车间熔化炉组以0#轻柴油为燃料，轻柴油平均耗量为50kg／h，生产中添加覆盖剂、精炼剂。在生产过程中产生含烟尘、S02、HCI等污染物的烟气，熔炼炉组烟气拟采用炉门排烟罩和机械排风系统捕集，经烟气净化系统处理后，通过不低于15m高排气筒排放。污染物排放浓度满足GB9078．1996《工业炉窑大气污染物排放标准》二级标及GBl6297-1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》二级标准的要求。压延车间、锻造车间的润滑剂、冷却介质乳化液，含油浓度约5-8％，生产过程中有水蒸气和少量油雾散发。本项目机械收集系统并设置设乳化液废水处理机进行破乳除油处理，该设备油去除率大于95％，COD去除率大于98％。12.1.2废水工厂现有废水处理设备一台，拟再增加一台同样规格的处理设备，实现用水循环使用，不外排。12.1.3噪声噪声源主要是锯切机、铣床、热轧机、锻造机、剪切机、空压机和风机等生产设备。本项目拟在锯切机、铣床、轧机等生产设备安装时进行基础减振处理，并通过合理布置减轻对厂界噪声的影响。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF其它噪声较高的设备拟安装消音器和隔音板来降低对环境的影响。厂界噪声可满足环保要求。12.1.4固体废弃物生产中产生的固体废弃物主要是熔炼工段的炉渣、其它生产工段的边角料、铝合金屑等。本项目设计，炉渣和铝合金屑专门收集外卖，边角料返回炉子重熔。12.2劳动安全危害因素及防范措施本项目的主要能源为电能。轧机等电气设备均设有可靠的接地系统。所有变压器，正常不带电的设备外壳、电缆框架等拟采取可靠接地保护，以防止事故发生。为预防轧机、剪切机等机械设备在生产过程中因张力超过限值断带伤人，其电器控制系统设计有断带保护装置，一旦发生断带事故，断带保护装置将控制其主传动电机立即停止运转，避免伤害。为预防伤害事故的发生，生产车间内工作平台、池槽、升降口均应设置栏杆，有跌落危险的地点应设明显标志。重要设备和部位，设有事故报警系统。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF第十三章投资估算及资金筹措13.1投资估算13.1.2固定资产投资投资估算范围包括：熔铸车间、压延车间、锻造车间、热处理车间、变电站、循环水泵站、废水处理站(包括生活废水处理)、压缩气体供应站、综合仓库、汽车库、油库、总图运输、办公楼及生活福利设施(包括单身宿舍及职工食堂)、其他基本建设费用、工程预备费等。Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF\nSelection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahF经估算，固定资产总投资35735.3万元，其中：建筑工程2566万元，设备购置28441万元，其他基本建设费用300万元，建设期利息1508.3万元，工程预备费2920万元。固定资产投资估算详见表13-1。表13.1固定资产投资估算序号工程及费用名称估算投资（万元）Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormSelection.ParagraphFormaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPointselection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2)Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoction.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLinesToPoints(2Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingLi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