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易错题排查落实——重要化学方程式的书写(是离子反应的写离子方程式)
1.碳及其化合物
(1)SiO2和C的反应
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(2)Mg在CO2中燃烧
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(3)向澄清石灰水中通入过量CO2气体
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(4)CO2与C反应
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(5)C与H2O(g)反应
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答案:(1)SiO2+2CSi+2CO↑
(2)2Mg+CO22MgO+C
(3)OH-+CO2===HCO
(4)CO2+C2CO
(5)C+H2O(g)CO+H2
2.氯及其化合物
(1)Cl2和H2O的反应
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(2)Cl2和NaOH溶液的反应
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(3)Cl2和石灰乳的反应
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(4)将Cl2通入Na2SO3溶液中
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(5)将Cl2和SO2混合通入水中
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(6)将Cl2通入氢硫酸溶液中
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(7)将浓盐酸和MnO2混合加热
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(8)电解饱和食盐水
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(9)将浓盐酸与漂白液混合
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(10)向KMnO4固体中滴加浓盐酸
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答案:(1)Cl2+H2OH++Cl-+HClO
(2)Cl2+2OH-===Cl-+ClO-+H2O
(3)Cl2+Ca(OH)2===Ca2++Cl-+ClO-+H2O
(4)Cl2+SO+H2O===SO+2H++2Cl-
(5)SO2+Cl2+2H2O===4H++2Cl-+SO
(6)Cl2+H2S===S↓+2H++2Cl-
(7)MnO2+4H++2Cl-Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2O
(8)2Cl-+2H2OCl2↑+H2↑+2OH-
(9)Cl-+ClO-+2H+===Cl2↑+H2O
(10)2MnO+16H++10Cl-===2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O
3.硫及其化合物
(1)S溶于热的烧碱溶液
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(2)将H2S气体通入CuSO4溶液中
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(3)Na2S溶液在空气中放置变浑浊
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(4)铜和硫单质的反应
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(5)将SO2气体通入氢硫酸中
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(6)将少量H2S气体通入FeCl3溶液中
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(7)SO2通入溴水中,使溴水褪色
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(8)用足量氨水吸收SO2尾气
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(9)Cu和浓硫酸的反应
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(10)C和浓硫酸的反应
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(11)固体Na2SO3和70%的浓硫酸的反应
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答案:(1)3S+6OH-2S2-+SO+3H2O
(2)H2S+Cu2+===CuS↓+2H+
(3)2S2-+O2+2H2O===2S↓+4OH-
(4)2Cu+SCu2S
(5)SO2+2H2S===3S↓+2H2O
(6)H2S+2Fe3+===S↓+2Fe2++2H+
(7)SO2+Br2+2H2O===SO+2Br-+4H+
(8)2NH3·H2O+SO2===2NH+SO+H2O
(9)Cu+2H2SO4(浓)CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O
(10)C+2H2SO4(浓)CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O
(11)Na2SO3+H2SO4(浓)===Na2SO4+H2O+SO2↑
4.氮及其化合物
(1)N2和H2的反应
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(2)将NH3通入水中
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(3)实验室利用NH4Cl和Ca(OH)2固体混合加热制备NH3
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(4)NH3的催化氧化
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(5)向NH4HCO3溶液中加入过量稀NaOH溶液
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(6)NO2溶于水
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(7)NO2被烧碱溶液吸收生成两种钠盐
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(8)物质的量之比为1∶1的NO和NO2混合气体恰好被烧碱溶液吸收生成一种钠盐
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(9)C和浓硝酸的反应
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(10)浓硝酸见光分解(写化学方程式)
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(11)Fe与过量稀硝酸反应
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答案:(1)N2+3H22NH3
(2)NH3+H2ONH3·H2O
(3)2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)22NH3↑+2H2O+CaCl2
(4)4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O
(5)NH+HCO+2OH-===NH3·H2O+CO+H2O
(6)3NO2+H2O===2H++2NO+NO
(7)2NO2+2OH-===NO+NO+H2O
(8)NO+NO2+2OH-===2NO+H2O
(9)C+4H++4NOCO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2O
(10)4HNO3(浓)4NO2↑+O2↑+2H2O
(11)Fe+4H++NO===Fe3++NO↑+2H2O