牛津译林七年级上册冠词专题梳理 8页

牛津译林七年级上册冠词专题梳理 ‎【知识梳理】‎ ‎1、冠词分类： ‎ 英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种，常放在名词的前面，用来限定名词的意义，起泛指或特指的作用。‎ ‎2、不定冠词a / an的用法：‎ ‎ 不定冠词a /an用在单数名词的前面，a用在辅音开头的词前面； an用在元音开头的词的前面。‎ ‎ 值得注意的是，元音辅音音素不是字母，有些词虽然是元音（或者辅音）字母开头，但是发音却是辅音（元音）音素，因此要注意区分。‎ ‎ 请牢记以下的例子：‎ ‎ In a university， a European united a one-eyed man to steal a useful thing , then ran away along a one-way road. This is a usual thing. ‎ ‎ 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人联合一个独眼人偷了一件很有用的东西，然后沿着一条单行道逃跑了，这是一件很平常的事情。‎ 不定冠词的基本用法：‎ ‎①表示数量“一”‎ ‎ 意思和one差不多，但是数量概念比one弱。‎ ‎ There is a table and four chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。‎ ‎ We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.我们明天有一节英语课。‎ ‎②表示人或事物的某一类 ‎ 用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一类 ‎ A child needs love.孩子需要爱。‎ ‎ A horse is much smaller than an elephant.马比大象小得多。‎ ‎③表示泛指的某个人，某个物 ‎ A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. 学校门口有个男孩在找你。‎ ‎ I am reading an interesting story.我正在读一个有趣的故事。‎ ‎④表示单位量词的“每一”‎ ‎ 用在事物的“单位”，如时间，速度，价格等意义的名词之前，表示“每一”。正式文体中常用each，every代替不定代词。‎ ‎ Take three pills a day and you'll get better soon. 每天吃三片药，你很快就会好的。‎ ‎ We have a music class once a week.我们每周上一次音乐课。‎ ‎⑤用于集体名词，物质名词，抽象名词，专有名词前 （1） 用于集体名词前 ‎ ‎ eg：I was put in a large class this term. 这个学期，我被编入了一个大班。‎ ‎ The Erics are a musical family. 埃里克一家是音乐世家。‎ ‎（2）用于物质名词前 ‎ a tea 一杯茶，a coffee一杯咖啡，a beer一杯啤酒，a glass一个玻璃杯 ‎（3）用于抽象名词前 ‎ 抽象名词表示具体事物时，可用作可数名词，前面可用a/an，也可用复数形式，表示某种人或事。‎ ‎ pity 遗憾，pleasure 令人高兴的人或者事，success成功的人或者事，failure 失败的人或者事，surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或者事，worry 令人感到担心的人或者事，beauty 美人或美丽的事物……‎ （4） 用于专有名词前 ‎ Eg：A Dick is asking to see you. 一个叫迪克的人想见你。‎ ‎⑥用于表示某种身份，国籍，职业等的名词前 ‎ 在这种用法中，几乎没有“一”的概念，只是强调一种身份，职业，地位，国籍，译为汉语时常不译出。‎ ‎ I want to be an engineer. 我想成为工程师。‎ ‎ The duty of a doctor is to try to save people's lives. 医生的职责就是尽力挽救人们的生命。‎ ‎ My English teacher is a Canadian. 我的英语老师是加拿大人。‎ ‎⑦用于序数词前 ‎ 表示“再一”“又一”‎ ‎ Eg：You will have to do it a second time. 你得再做一次。‎ ‎ I have three books，I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想再买一本。‎ ‎⑧用于习惯用法中 ‎ a bit（一点）， a little（一点）， a few（几个）， a lot （许多）， a kind of（一种）， a pair of（一副、一双）， a number of（大量的）， a piece of （一张、一片）， half an hour（半小时）， have a good time（玩得开心）， have a cold（感冒）， make a noise（发出嘈杂声）， have/take a （rest等）（休息）一会儿，等等。‎ ‎3、定冠词the的用法 ‎1. 表示特指 ‎ 定冠词表示特指，既可特指上文提到过的人或事物，也可特指谈话双方都清楚的人或事物，还可特指受后置定语或定语从句修饰的人或事物。‎ ‎ 如：Where’s the teacher? 老师在哪儿?‎ ‎ There I met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a great deal. 在那儿我遇到一个老外，这个老外帮了我不少忙。‎ ‎ The manager you want to see was here just now. 你要见的那位经理刚刚还在这里。‎ ‎2. 表示类别 ‎(1) 概括整个类属：定冠词与单数可数名词连用可以概括整个类属，有时还可以与某些形容词连用表示整个属。‎ ‎ 如：The computer is a great invention. 计算机是一项伟大的发明。‎ ‎ The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老年人。‎ ‎ The English are famous for liking tea. 英国人以喜欢喝茶出名。‎ ‎【说明】‎ 不定冠词和定冠词均可连用单数可数名词表示类别，但前者通常强调个体，起泛指作用，其用法相当于any；后者既可强调个体(可与不定冠词互换)，也可强调整体(不可与不定冠词互换)。‎ 如：The monkey is a clever animal. = A monkey is a clever animal. 猴是一种聪明的动物。‎ ‎ (句中既可用不定冠词也可用定冠词，因为它表示泛指意义)‎ ‎ The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。(此句用定冠词概括整个类属，不能换成不定冠词)‎ ‎(2) 与某些形容词连用，表示一类人或一类事物。如：‎ the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the wealthy 富人 the old 老人 the aged 老人 the young 年轻人 the sick 病人 the brave 勇敢的人 the weak 弱者 the strong 强者 the dead 死者 the blind 盲人 ‎3. 表示世上独一无二的事物 这里说的世上独一无二的事物主要指the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe, the world, the atomosphere(大气层)等东西。‎ 如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方起，西方落下 ‎【说明】‎ 若这类名词前有形容词修饰，表示具有某种特征，则也可能将定冠词改为不定冠词，如 a full moon(满月)，a friendly world(友好的世界)等。‎ ‎4. 连用序数词和最高级 序数词和形容词最高级前通常要用定冠词，副词最高级前可用定冠词，也可不用。‎ 另外，当序数词不是表示顺序，而是表示“另一个”时，则在其前用不定冠词。如：‎ I want to read it a second time. 我想再看一次。‎ ‎5. 用于某些专有名词前 如用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前，以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前。如：‎ the Yellow River 黄河 the Red Sea 红海 the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡 the Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命 6. 用于乐器名词前 如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5. 他五岁开始拉小提琴。‎ ‎7. 用于姓氏的复数之前 如：The Greens were too poor to send their son to school. 格林夫妇太穷，没钱送他们的儿子上学。‎ ‎8. 用于逢整十数词的复数前 定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前，表示世纪中的年代。‎ 如：He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方。‎ The war broke out in the 1980s. 战争爆发于20世纪80年代。‎ ‎9. 用在某些习惯用语中 for the present 暂时 go to the cinema 看电影 in the end 最后 in the dark 在黑暗中，不知道 in the least 一点，丝毫 in the open 在野外 in the past 在过去 in the long run从长远来看 ‎4、一些不用冠词的情况：‎ ‎（1）专有名词和（第一次使用）一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。‎ ‎ 如：China is a very large country.（中国是个大国） / Man needs air and water. ‎ （2） 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。‎ ‎ 如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.‎ （3） 周名，月名或季节名前一般不用。‎ ‎ 如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.（他出生在1995年二月十八日，星期一） ‎ ‎ They usually plant trees on the hills in spring. ‎ （4） ‎（第一次使用）复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。‎ ‎ 如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.（人比猴子聪明）‎ （5） 三餐饭前不用。‎ ‎ 如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.‎ ‎ 节、假日前一般不用。‎ ‎ 如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.‎ ‎ 球类名词前不用。‎ ‎ 如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.‎ （6） 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。‎ ‎ 如：They are now at People’s Cinema. ‎ ‎（7） 一些习惯用语中不用。‎ 如：⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English, etc.; ⒇ take care of ‎ ‎【例题精讲】‎ ‎1. Mum looked sadly at Jack because he achieved ________ “H” in spelling. ‎ A. a B. the C. an D. / ‎ ‎2. Terry loves drawing and expects to be ________ artist when he grows up. ‎ ‎ A. the B. a C. an D. /‎ ‎3.Jane is going to ___________ movies with her parents this weekend.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎4. Some of the students in my class like to play ______ piano in their free time.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎5. --May I open bag, sir? --Of course, but it's full of ____dirty clothes.‎ A. the, / B. the, the C. /, / D. a, /‎ ‎6. _____ family often eat supper together.‎ A. /, / B. The, the C. The, / D. A, a ‎7. As there is no bridge over the river, people have to cross it _______.‎ A. in boat B. on the boat C. by a boat D. by boat ‎8. Sam sold _______ pictures every day, and all _______ pictures in his shop were cheap.‎ A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the 答案：CCC ACDA ‎【课堂练习】‎ 一、 单项选择。‎ ‎1.This new computer is_________. I must look after_________computer. ‎ ‎ A. my, mine B. mine, my C. my, my D. mine, mine ‎2.It’s seven o’clock in the morning. Let’s_________.‎ ‎ A. go to bed B. go to school C. to go to home D. going to school ‎3.--____________? --It’s ten.‎ ‎ A. What colour is it B. What time is it ‎ C. How old is he D. What’s five minus five ‎4. --Is this new bag_________? --No, it’s_________.‎ ‎ A. his, his B. his, hers C. yours, my D. hers, your ‎5. --What’s the time, please? --_________ .‎ ‎ A. It’s eight-thirty five B. It’s eight-thirty-five ‎ C. It’s eight thirty-five D. It’s thirty-five past eight ‎6. --Is Tom a friend of yours? --Yes, he is a friend of_________.‎ ‎ A. I B. me C. my D. mine ‎7.There are his trousers. Give_________.‎ ‎ A. it to him B. him it C. them to him D. him them 答案：1-5 BBBBC 6-7 DC 二、在下列词或词组前填入适当的冠词，如果不填写。‎ ‎1. ____ useful book 2. _____ Beijing ‎3. _____ Class 12 Grade 3 4. have ____ lunch ‎ ‎5. have ____ big lunch 6. in ____ morning ‎ ‎7. on ____ cold morning 8.______ Mr Li ‎ ‎9. ______ umbrella 10. _____ hour ‎11. ____ Fourth Street 12. play _____ chess ‎ ‎13.play _____ golf 14.at ______home 答案：1.a 2./ 3./ 4./ 5.a 6.the 7.a 8./ 9.an 10.an 11.the 12. / 13./ 14./‎ ‎【变式练习】‎ ‎1.There is ________ “u” in the word “university”.‎ ‎ A. the B. an C. a D. /‎ ‎2.This is ________ useful book and I want to buy it from the bookshop. ‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. / D. the ‎3.Just now I saw __________ boy you are looking for playing alone in this garden.‎ ‎ A. / B. a C. an D. the ‎4. mice are often found in ____________dirty houses.‎ A. The, the B. The, / C. /, any of D. /, /‎ ‎5. He is _________ friend of mine . ‎ A.an B./ C. the D. a ‎ ‎6.There is __________ university near the farm . ‎ A. a B.an C. the D./ ‎ ‎7.He died in ___________ autumn of 1989 . ‎ A./ B. the C. a D.an ‎ ‎8.I have _________ book . I t’ s _________ interesting one . I like reading ________ books very much . ‎ A. a, an ,/ B. a, / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / ‎ ‎9.Today is ________ Children’s Day . ‎ A. a B.an C. the D/ ‎ ‎10.This is __________ bag . That is _________ eraser . ‎ A. a, a B. a , an C.an , a D. an , an 答案：AADDD ACADB 课后练习 一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。‎ ‎1) at ____home 2) go to_____ bed 3) go to _____school 4) catch ______ bad cold ‎ ‎ 5) have _____ good time 6) ______red apple 7)_____ English book 8) ______ spoon 9) _____ orange 10) ______melon 11) _______ eraser ‎ 答案：1）/ 2）/ 3）/ 4）a 5）a 6）a 7）an 8）a 9）an 10）a 11）an 二、选择填空 ‎ ‎1. There is _________ “m” in the word “primary” ‎ A. an B. a C. the D./ ‎ ‎2. This is _________ orange bike. ‎ A. a B.an C. the D/‎ ‎3. It always takes us half __________ hour to have ________ long walk after supper . ‎ A. a, a B a, the C.an , a D.an , the ‎ ‎4. English is _________ useful language in _________ world . ‎ A. an, the B. a, the C. the, / D./ , the ‎ ‎5. We are going to __________ cinema this evening . ‎ A. the B./ C. a D.an ‎ ‎6. He’s standing on _____ other side of _______ river . ‎ A. a, a B. the, the C. the, a D. a, the ‎ ‎7. ________ potato is a vegetable, not _______ fruit. ‎ A. The, an B. The, a C.A, the D. An, / ‎ ‎8. He was _________ first to come . ‎ A. The B. a C. the D./ ‎ ‎9. Do you see _______ book on _______ table ? ‎ A. the, a B .a, an C.an, an D. a , the ‎ ‎10. Where’s ________ desk ? It’s in ________ middle of the room . ‎ A. /, / B./, a C. a, / D. the, the 答案：ABCBA BBCDD