深圳牛津英语初一上学期知识点汇总 24页

‎《深圳牛津版英语》2011年初一上学期教材知识点汇总及相应的题库 Chapter 1 Making friends I.知识点和课堂练习 A. 重点词组 ‎1.be keen on 热衷于 2.come from 来自 3.enjoy playing rugby 喜欢打橄榄球 ‎4.hear from sb 收到某人来信 5.make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 6.play football 踢足球 ‎7.play tennis/chess 打网球/下棋 9.live with sb 和某人住在一起 10. reply to 回复 ‎ ‎11.speak Chinese 讲汉语 12.write to sb 给某人写信 13. would like to do sth 想做某事 14.work as 从事 15.walk to school 步行上学 16.at the top-right corner在右上角 ‎ ‎17.a letter from a penfriend笔友的一封信 18.a photo of myself 我的一张照片 19.in the middle of 在…中间 20. a boy called Jim 一个叫JIM的男孩 21.one’s favourite sport 某人最喜欢的运动 ‎ B.解释句子 1. What’s your height? = How tall are you? ‎ 2. What’s your weight? = How heavy are you ? ‎ ‎3. What’s your age? = How old are you?‎ ‎4. What’s the length of it? = How long is it?‎ ‎5. He owns a restaurant. = He has a restaurant. / He is the owner of the restaurant.‎ ‎6. I would like to be an architect. = I want to be an architect.‎ ‎7. He is my favourite singer. = Of all the singers, I like him best.‎ ‎8. I heard from him yesterday. = I received a letter from him yesterday.‎ ‎9. He enjoys reading. = He likes reading.‎ ‎10. They come from Beijing. = They are from Beijing.‎ ‎ Where do they come from? = Where are they from?‎ ‎11. He is keen on skiing. = He is very interested in skiing.‎ ‎12. I don’t know someone called Scott. = I don’t know someone named Scott.‎ ‎13.He has a friend called Lin.‎ He has a friend named Lin.‎ ‎14.He lives in a city. The city is called Shenzhen.‎ He lives in a city called Shenzhen.‎ ‎15.Where do you come from?‎ Where are you from?‎ ‎16. He works as an architect.‎ He is an architect.‎ ‎17. He enjoys reading.‎ He likes reading.‎ 18. My favourite hobby is playing chess.‎ Of all the hobbies, I like playing chess best.‎ C. 不定冠词a/an的用法 a后接辅音开头的单词， an 后接元音开头的单词。注意是根据读音而不是根据字母来判断是用a/an.‎ ‎5个元音的字母音 a [ei] e [i:] i [ai] o [əu] u [u:]‎ ‎5个元音的短元音：‎ a [əe] bag cat hat map e [e] pen bed ten hen I [i] big pig sit hill o [כ] box hot dog frog u [u] but mum bus mug ‎12个单元音：‎ 短元音[əe] [e] [i] [כ] [۸] [u] [ə] ‎ 长元音 [i:] [כ:] [a:] [u:] [ə:] ‎ ‎8个双元音：[ei] [ai] [əu] [au] [כi] [iə] [eə] [uə] ‎ 一般而言,元音字母在单词中发元音,辅音字母在单词中发辅音，但偶有特例 特例 an hour 一个小时 an honest boy一个诚实的男孩 ‎ a university一所大学 a useful/useless thing 有用/无用的东西 ‎ a European (cat) 一个欧洲人/一只欧洲猫 a usual day 平常的一天 a one-day holiday 一天的假期 ‎2.特殊疑问词 what什么(可以用来询问/职业/年龄/年级/号码/颜色/时间/价格/人口或是询问某人怎么了) what colour / what is your name(age/you number/favourite sport) /what time/what colour/what class/what day/ what is the population of /what is wrong with/what about/what do you think of ..?‎ when什么时间(大概的) what time 具体的时间 where什么地点/who谁/whose谁的/which哪一…/why为什么 how怎样 ‎ ‎◆ ---How do you go to school? ---I go to school on foot.‎ ‎◆ --- How is your father?---He is well now.‎ how old多大年龄 how many多少(后接名词复数) how much多少(不可数)；多少钱 how long物体的长度；时间长度 ( for +一段时间 ) how soon多久以后( in+一段时间) ‎ ‎---How soon will you go? ---In two days.‎ how often多久一次 ---How often do you brush your teeth? ---Once a day.‎ how far路程的长度 how tall(high)多高 how heavy多重 ‎◆---How far is it from Beijing to Guangzhou?‎ ‎---It’s about ‎2000 km away.‎ ‎---It’s twenty hour's ride in train from Beijing to ‎Guangzhou ‎3.and,but,so的用法 and 表示并列的连接，用来连接对等的单词、短语和句子；but 用来表示转折关系；so 表示因果“因此，所以”‎ ‎◆because 和so 不可同时连用 Because he felt tied, so he fell asleep soon. ( ×)‎ Because he felt tied, he fell asleep soon. ( √)‎ He felt tied, so he fell asleep soon. ( √)‎ 语法专题练习(language)‎ 用a 或an填空 ‎1._______usual day 2.________univeristy 3._______European ‎4.______empty man 5.________one-way street 6.______engineer ‎7.____useless watch 8.______hour 9.______umbrella 10.____unhappy day ‎11.I have______ uncle. He has________ useful book.‎ ‎12.There is _______"u" and ________"s" in the word "use ".‎ ‎13.Li Ming has two brothers. One is ________teacher, the other is________ architect.‎ ‎14.That isn't_______ Chinese bike. It's ________American bike.‎ ‎15.I have________ new friend at school.‎ ‎16.My teacher is________ Englishman.‎ ‎17.My brother is_________ honest boy, so he has many friends.‎ ‎18.We moved from__________ house to _________ flat.‎ ‎19.It takes me_________ hour to finish my homework.‎ ‎20.I want to be _________ actress.‎ 选择题 ‎1. does he come back from school every day?‎ A. How long B. How far C. What time D. What date ‎2.—How long can the naughty boy do his homework quietly?— .‎ A. At three B. For three hours C. Three hours ago D. After three hours ‎3—How often does Thomas clean his flat?— .‎ A. Many times B. In a week C. Twice a day D. Only once ‎4.— students are there in your class?—Twenty-five. ‎ A. How many B. What C. How much D. both B and C ‎5. does the shirt cost? ‎ A. How B. How man C. How much D. How little ‎6. — do you wash your car?—About 3 times a month.‎ A. How long B. How C. How hard D. How often ‎ ‎7. water is there in the bottle? ‎ A. How much B. What C. How many D. Which ‎8.—How far is the Happy‎ ‎Valley from here? —________________.‎ A. It’s five kilometres away B. It’s one hundred kilograms C. It’s twelve years old D. It’s two kilometres long ‎9.—How long is the river?— .‎ A. It’s three hundred metres length B. It’s three hundred metres long.‎ C. It’s three thousand metres in height D. It’s three hundred dollars ‎10.— is he?—He’s a fireman. ‎ A. What B. How C. Who D. Where ‎11. do you prefer, coffee of tea?‎ A. What B. Which C. How D. Whose 填空 what/who/whose/which/why/how/how many/how much/how soon/how long/how far ‎1. — do you go to bed every night?—At 10 p.m.‎ ‎2. —How is China‎ Folk Culture ‎Village from here —It’s twenty minutes’ walk from here.‎ ‎3.— does Sam go to school ? —He walk to school.‎ ‎4.— would you like to do this afternoon?‎ ‎—I’d like to play rugby and badminton with my friends.‎ ‎5.—_____________ people are there in your family? —There are four.‎ ‎6.— is the letter from? —It’s from my new penfriend.‎ ‎7.—_________ favourite hobby is playing chess?‎ ‎ —Mine. I like playing chess best.‎ ‎8.— does your brother do?—He works as a policeman.‎ ‎9.---__________ did you do your homework last night?---For 2 hours.‎ ‎10.---___________will he come back to Shenzhen?---In Two weeks .‎ ‎11.---___________ do you clean your house?---Once a week.‎ ‎12.---___________ computers do you have at home?---Two.‎ ‎13.---___________water do you drink every day?---Five glasses of water.‎ ‎14. ---______ is the price of your new watch?---￥200.‎ ‎15. ---______ is your new watch? ---￥200.‎ ‎16. ---__________ is your school from your home? ---It’s about 5 minutes’ walk.‎ ‎17. ---_________ is in the classroom?---It’s our Chinese teacher.‎ ‎18. ---__________ book is this? It’s mine.‎ ‎1. He can speak English_______ Chinese.‎ ‎ A. but B. also C. so D. and ‎ ‎2. Physics is not so easy, _______I like it very much.‎ ‎ A. but B. or C. since D. because ‎3. She has a son _______ a daughter.‎ ‎ A. but B. and C. so D. or ‎4. I can’t sleep well at night, ______I often feel very tired in the day.‎ ‎ A. so B. because C. and D. or ‎5. ---Can you play football?‎ ‎ ---Yes, I can, ______ I can’t play it very well.‎ A. or B. and C. but D. so ‎6. The boy is very smart, ______ many of his classmates like him.‎ ‎ A. but B. or C. so D. for ‎7. Go along the road, _______ you’ll find the market at the end of it.‎ ‎ A. when B. and C. or D. though ‎8. It was late. She washed her face ______ went to bed.‎ ‎ A. or B. and C. so D. but ‎9. He has much money, __________he is not happy at all.‎ ‎ A. but B. and C. so D. because ‎10. I live near my school, ___________I can walk to school.‎ ‎ A. but B. and C. for D. so ‎11. She is sick, ________she can't go to the cinema with us.‎ ‎12. Tom is very smart, _________he often makes a lot of mistakes.‎ ‎13. Let's go ________help the old man.‎ ‎14. Simon is only 3 years old, ________he can write 100 English words.‎ ‎15. ---Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?‎ ‎---I’d love to, __________I have too much work to do.‎ ‎16. Call a taxi, ________ you will get there on time.‎ ‎17. The doctor doesn't feel well today, _______she still works very hard.‎ ‎18. Work hard , _________ you will pass the driving test.‎ ‎19. Do you want to stay at home _________go shopping with us?‎ ‎20. It was raining heavily, __________we couldn't go home.‎ II. 课后练习 Chapter 1 Making friends 选择题 ‎● 1. I think people need to use ____cars because of pollution.‎ A. more B. fewer C. less D. many ‎ ‎● 2. My brother is very busy now. He has ____time to play with his friends than before A. many B. less C. more D. fewer ‎ ‎● 3. My sister is in _____ ‎ ‎[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ A. Three Class; One Grade B. Class Three; Grade One ‎ C. Grade One ; Class Three D. Three class, Grade one ‎ ‎● 4.Look at the pictures carefully , and decide which sentence is right? ‎ A. Mike is cheaper than coke B. Mike is the most expensive ‎ C. Oranges juice has the same price as water D. Coke is more expensive than orange juice ‎ ‎● 5.------How long is the new bridge ?Do you know? -----Yes. It’s about _______.‎ A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters B. one thousand and one hundred fifty meters ‎ C. two thousand one hundred forty meters D. two thousands seventy and three meters ‎ ‎● 6.Kate lives_____.Mine is next to hers. ‎ A. the room five B. Room Five C. five room D. fifth room ‎ ‎● 7.-----That ten-pound note belongs to Jerry. ------______.‎ A. . Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesn’t C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn’t ‎ ‎● 8. Mother’s Day falls on__Sunday of May. [来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ A. two B. second C. the second D.a second ‎ ‎● 9. His boots are the same _____mine. ‎ A. to B. with C. like D. as ‎ ‎● 10. Jim is angry ___me .What should I say to him? ‎ A. in B. to C. with D. for ‎ ‎● 11.One should say___when he is in danger. ‎ A. he is afraid B. SOS C. Help D. Please ‎ ‎● 12. ----Have a good time. ------_______‎ A. So do I B. So I do C. Yes, I will D. Thank you ‎ ‎● 13 .What will ___I? ‎ A. is B. am C. are D. be ‎ ‎● 14. She will be 15 centimeters_____ ‎ A. tall B. taller C. heavy D. heavier ‎ ‎● 15. ______you pass a pen? I’d like to write down the telephone number. ‎ A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should ‎ ‎● 16. ______of the two women is Mrs .Brown. ‎ A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C. More beautiful D. The most beautiful ‎ ‎● 17. There is ___paper here. Please bring some. ‎ A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little ‎ ‎● 18 . There will be no school_____. ‎ A. before B. in the future C. ago D. in future ‎ ‎● 19. We _____see Uncle Wang tomorrow. ‎ A. went B. go to C. is going to D. are going to ‎ ‎● 20. What’s your friend going ____next week? ‎ ‎ A. doing B. do C. does D. to do ‎ 练习 ‎● 1.Would you like to be my penfriend？ --Yes,________.‎ A.I’d love to B.I would C.I’d like D.I would like ‎● 2. They___playing rugby and hadminton in winter. ‎ A.want B.dicide C.enjoy D.hope ‎● 3. I like geography best. So it is my favourite___. ‎ A.sport B.school C.title D.subject ‎● 4. Our teacher is keen________the football game. ‎ A.on B.with C.in D.for ‎● 5. I’ve got________homest friend.We often help each other. ‎ A.a B.an C.the D./‎ ‎● 6. My____brother works as a teacher in our school. ‎ A.older B.old C.elder D.young ‎● 7. Taiwan is in the___of our country. ‎ A.east-south B.east-north C.notrh-east D.south-east ‎● 8. ---The girl sings very well. ---_____ ‎ A.So do I B.So do her C.So,am I D.So she is ‎● 9. Our teacher was very____with our work. ‎ A.pleasure B.pleased C.please D.pleasant ‎● 10.--- ________is your father? ‎ ‎-- He’s forty-three years old.‎ A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How old ‎● 11.What time does Mike get up____the morning? ‎ A.at B.goes C.going D.to to ‎ ‎● 12. Lingling often________to the supermarket. ‎ A.go B.goes C.going D.to go ‎● 13. Have you got ________idea? ‎ A.a B.an C.the D./‎ ‎● 14. ________you like to go with me? ‎ A.Can B.Could C.Will D.Would ‎● 15. ________are these vegetables? ‎ A.How B.What C.How much D.How many ‎● 16. His family_______TV now. ‎ A.watch B.watching C.is watching D.are watching ‎● 17. Would you like_______the red dress? ‎ A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys ‎● 18. Do you like drinking_______? ‎ A.apple B.meat C.orange D.oranges ‎● 19. The girl plays__piano well but she can’t play__basketball. ‎ A.a;a B.a; the C./;the D.the;/‎ ‎● 20. I have something_______you. ‎ A.tell B.telling C.to tell D.so say 句型转换 ‎1.They can write letters in English,We can write letters in English,too.(改为同义句)‎ They can write letters in English_____ _____ _____.‎ ‎2.I like English best. (改为同义句) English is my_____ _____ .‎ ‎3.My father is an enginee.He works or big company. (合为一句)‎ My father_____ _____ an engineer in a big company.‎ ‎4.That girl eats eggs in the morning. (改为否定句) ‎ That girl_____ _____ eggs in the morning.‎ ‎5.They enjoy playing tennis after school. (改为一般疑问句) ‎ ‎_____they_____playing tennis after school?‎ ‎6.The home address is in the top –right corner of the envelope. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎_____ _____ the home address?‎ ‎7.His brother has eaten a lot of vegetables. (就划线部分提问) ‎ ‎ _____ _____ his brother eaten?‎ ‎8.I’d like to buy a new like. (改为一般疑问句) ‎ ‎ _____you _____ to buy a new bike?‎ ‎9.Our bodies need a lot of fresh fruit every day. (改为同义句)‎ ‎ Our bodies need _____ _____ fresh fruit every day .‎ ‎10.They made some different kinds of food to get ready for the party, (给划线部分提问)‎ ‎_____ did they get ready for the party?‎ 解释句子 ‎1. I prefer art to music. _____________________________________________[来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]‎ ‎2. The post office is near school. ______________________________________[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎3. Jim and I often walk back home. ________________________________________‎ ‎[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎4. Can I help you? _______________________________‎ ‎5. Kitty is a good cook. ___________________________________‎ ‎6. My favourite hobby is playing chess. _____________________________________‎ ‎7. she has a brother called Jim. _____________________________________________‎ ‎8. I heard from him yesterday. _______________________________________________‎ ‎9. My wish is to be an engineer in the future. _________________________________________‎ ‎10. The boys are keen on sports. ______________________________________________‎ Chapter two. Our daily life I. 课堂知识点 A． 重点的词组 ‎1.be in charge of 负责；管理 2.look after 照顾 3. lose one’s temper 发脾气 ‎ ‎4.stay up 熬夜 5. brush one’s teeth 刷牙 6. go to school 上学 7. watch TV 看电视8. play table tennis 大乒乓球 9.ride a motorbike 骑摩托 10.play the piano 弹钢琴 11. play computer games 玩电脑游戏 12. be similar to sb 和某人相似 13.be different from 与什么不一样 14.be at school 在学校上学 15.get up 起床 16.make a phone call to sb 和某人通电话 17. fail the exam 考试不及格 18.on one’s way to school 在上学的路上19. in an hour or two. 在一到两小时内 18. attend the club 参加俱乐部 ‎ 补充：‎ ‎1. one of the top students 尖子生之一 注意： one of + 可数名词复数 ‎2. put on / take off the school uniform 穿上/脱下校服 (强调动作)‎ ‎ wear the school uniform 穿校服（强调状态）‎ ‎3. discuss business = talk about business 讨论生意 ‎4. drive sb to school/ work 开车送人去上学/上班 ‎5. make phone calls to clients = call clients = phone clients给顾客打电话 ‎6. achieve A grades = get A grades 取得A的成绩 ‎7. fail an exam/ pass an exam 考试不及格/ 考试及格 ‎ fail to do 没有做成…‎ ‎ succeed in doing sth 成功做…‎ ‎8. collect sb from a place 从…接人 ‎9. return to (a place) = go back to (a place) 返回某地 return home = go back home ‎ ‎ return sth to sb = give sth back to sb. 还东西给某人 ‎10. attend a club / a meeting/ a course 出席俱乐部的活动/会议/参加课程学习 辨析：attend , join, join in , take part in 都表示“参加”，但搭配的短语不一样。‎ join + 团体、组织、党派 如：join the army/ the Pary 参军/ 入党 ‎ join in / take part in +活动、比赛 如： join in / take part in the game/match 参加活动/比赛 attend + 会议、课程 attend a meeting = be present at a meeting. 出席会议 ‎11. have meetings / a meeting 开会 ‎12. assist sb with sth = help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 ‎ assist sb to do sth = help sb (to) do sth ‎13. continue doing = go on doing = keep doing sth 继续做某事 ‎14. in an hour or two = in one or two hours 一至两小时 ‎15. be similar to 和…相似 ‎16. be different from = be not the same as 和…不同 ‎17. be the same as 和…一样 ‎18. on the way to a place , on one’s way to a place去某地的路上 ‎ on the way home. 在回家的路上 ‎19. lose one’s temper with sb. = get angry with sb 发某人的脾气 (lose- lost) (get- got)‎ ‎ have a good / bad temper 脾气好/坏 ‎20. take one’s temperature 量体温 ‎21．tell the truth 说真话 tell lies / tell a lie 说谎话 ‎ 区别： truth n. 事实，真理 ‎ true adj. 真实的, 正确的 a true story 真实的故事 true or false 对还是错 ‎22. stay up (late) 熬夜 ‎ ‎ stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事 （经常性的或已发生）‎ ‎ stay up to do sth 熬夜去做某事 (还没有发生，计划去做)‎ ‎23. look after sb = take care of sb 照顾某人 ‎24. be in charge of = be responsible for 负责；管理 B．解释句子 ‎1.We discuss business at breakfast.‎ We talk about business at breakfast.‎ ‎2.My driver drives me to school in a car.‎ My driver drives me to school by car.‎ ‎3.I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school.‎ I sometimes call clients on the way to school.‎ ‎4.I never fail an exam.‎ I always pass an exam.‎ ‎5.Then I return to school.‎ Then I go back to school.‎ ‎6.Other students often ask me to assist them.‎ Other students often ask me to help them.‎ ‎7.Then I continued working on my games.‎ Then I went on working on my games.‎ ‎8.She is one of the top students in Shenzhen.‎ She is one of the best students in Shenzhen.‎ ‎9.She is different from her sister.‎ She is not the same as her sister.‎ ‎10.He is in charge of his company.‎ He is responsible for his company.‎ ‎11．He looks after his little brother.‎ He takes care of his little brother.‎ ‎12. He tells the truth.‎ He doesn’t tell a lie.‎ ‎13.He doesn’t often lose his temper with others.‎ He isn’t often angry with others.‎ B．一般现在时的构成 ‎1. Be 动词的肯定（否定）句的构成：主语(I/单数/复数)+BE（am.is are）+（not）+其他。I am（not）A teacher.‎ ‎2.BE 动词的疑问句的构成：BE（am.is are）+主语(I/单数/复数)+其他？Is it a girl? 回答:No,主语+be +not No, it is not.‎ ‎3.一般动词的肯定（否定）句的构成: 主语+（don’t）+动词原形+其他。I (don’t )walk to school ‎4.一般动词的疑问句的构成：Do（does）+主语(复数/单数)+动词原形+其他 ？Do you love it? ‎ C. 动词单数第三人称的变化规则 i.大多数在词尾加S; looks,makes,writes ii. 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的，在词尾加es. Discusses teaches mixes washes ‎ iii.以辅音字母Y结尾的，将Y变i，加ES files carries studies ‎ IV．以O结尾的动词，加ES does goes D. 一般现在时的用法 1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。‎ When do you go to bed every day?‎ 2. 表示永恒的真理或客观的存在 The earth moves around the sun. Silk feels soft and light.‎ 3. 表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性 David writes good English.Our English teacher is very kind and helpful.‎ 4. 格言或警句中 Pride goes before a fall 骄兵必败 5. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ Will go out to play if it does not rain.‎ I will call you as soon as I come back.‎ E. 表示频率的副词和副词短语 Always（总是；一直这样；表示动作重复，中间无间断）（频度为100%），usually（通常；常常；表示很少有例外）（频度为70%）, often（经常；但是不如usually频繁）, sometimes（有时，表示动作偶尔）（20%的频度）（some times几次/ some time一段时间/sometime将来某时）, hardly every,never这些表示频度的副词一般放在行为动词之前，系动词BE、助动词和情态动词之后。‎ I. 课堂练习和课后练习 英汉互译：‎ A. 1.be in charge of 2.look after 3. 发脾气 4.熬夜 5. brush one’s teeth 6. 上学 7. watch TV 8. play table tennis 9.ride a motorbike 10. 弹钢琴 11.玩电脑游戏 12. be similar to sb 13.与什么不一样 14.在学校上学 15.get up 16.make a phone call to sb 17. fail the exam 18. 在上学的路上19.在一到两小时内 20. attend the club ‎ B. 句型转换 ‎1.My driver collects me from school twice a week.(对画线部分提问)‎ ‎_______ _____ _____your driver collect you from school?‎ ‎2.All of her family work in her business.(改为否定句)‎ ‎_____ _____her family work in her business.‎ ‎3.After school,I usually attend a club(对画线部分提问句)‎ ‎_____ _____you usually ______after school?‎ ‎4.Li lei has breakfast at school.(改为否定句)。‎ Li lei _____ _____ breakfast at school?‎ 6. She thinks the boy wants to join the club.(改为否定句)‎ She ____ _____the boy wants to join the club.‎ 7. I want to join the swimming club.(对画线部分提问)‎ ‎_____ club do you want to join?‎ 8. Shenzhen is in the south of China.(对划线部分提问)。‎ ‎_____ _____Shenzhen? ‎ 英汉互译：‎ ‎1.骑摩托车 11.top students ‎2.玩电脑游戏 12.discuss business[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎3.放学后 13.twice a week ‎4.达到深圳 14.fail an exam ‎ ‎5.返回学校 15.attend a club ‎6.继续工作 16.achieve A grade ‎ ‎7.温度 17.make phone calls to clients ‎8.告诉真相 18.physical exercises ‎ ‎9.负责；管理 19.look after ‎ ‎10.不睡觉；熬夜 20.lose one’s temper II. 一般现在时专项练习专项练习：‎ 一、 单选 ‎( ) 1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.‎ A. work works B. works work C. work are working D. is working work ‎( ) 2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.‎ A .have B. there is C .there are D. has ‎( ) 3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.‎ A .don't rain B.didn't rain C.doesn't rain D.isn't rain ‎ ‎( ) 4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.‎ A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets ‎( ) 5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.‎ A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening . D liking ; listen ‎( ) 6 Jenny____ English every evening.‎ A has study B. studies C. study D. studied 二、填空 ‎1. I can take Li Ming there when he __________ ( come) to visit.‎ ‎2 .____________your sister__________(know)English?‎ ‎3.Her home_________ __________ ___________(远离 )her school.‎ ‎4.The pot壶_______________(not look) like yours very much.[来源:Z§xx§k.Com]‎ ‎5 .Where __________you_________(have)lunch every day?‎ ‎6 .Who__________(想要 )to go swimming?‎ ‎7. ___________she__________(do) the housework every day?‎ ‎8 .Jenny and Danny usually___________ (play) games in the afternoon .‎ 填空题 ‎( ) 1._____do you usually spend on your homework? --About two hours.‎ A.How soon B.How long C.How many D.How much ‎( ) 2. Mary never plays _____violin at home. ‎ A.the B.a C./ D.his ‎ ‎( )3. When_____your mother get up every morning? ‎ A.do B.did C.does D.doing ‎( ) 4.Our English teacher usually goes to school_____her own car A.with B.by C.for D.in ‎ ‎( ) 5. Jim is a lazy boy. he_____study hard ‎ A.don’t B.doesn’t C.aren’t D.isn’t ‎( ) 6. Wendy_____comes to school late. She is always on time.‎ A.always B.often C.sometimes D.never ‎( ) 7. Sandy has a violin lesson_____. ‎ A.yesterday B.last week C.once a week D.once ‎( ) 8. I usually talk with my classmates in English_____home A.on the way B.in the way C.by the way D.in this way ‎( ) 9. She is a pretty girl and she usually_____a beautiful skirt.‎ A.put on B.puts on C.wear D.wears[来源:学科网]‎ ‎( ) 10. Wendy usually_____business meetings on Fridays.‎ A.takes part in B.joins C.attends D.goes ‎( ) 11. Let’s_____our school rules together. ‎ A.talk B.discuss C.speak D.tell ‎( ) 12. After having dinner with her parents.she contimues_____her homework.‎ A.doing B.do C.does D.did ‎( ) 13. -- _____you and your sister_____to the same school?‎ ‎--No,we don’t .Her school is far away from mine.‎ A.Does; go B.so .goes C.Dose; goes D.Do, go ‎ ‎( ) 14.She is one of _____in her school.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ A.top students B.the top student C.the top students D.top student ‎( ) 15. Don’t sit on the chair .There_____on it ‎ A.is some water B.are some water C.is my water D.are any water 完成句子:根据中文意思完成英文名子，每空填一个单项：‎ ‎1. 今天很冷，请穿上外衣.。 ‎ It’s very cold today. please_______ _______your coat.‎ ‎2.我妈妈每天开车接我回家。 ‎ My mum_______ me_______ in her car every day.‎ ‎3.我经常在家和同学们用英语能电话。[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ I often_________ phone calls ________my classmates in English at home.‎ ‎4.警察问你时你要说真话。 ‎ When the policeman asks you. You should_______ the_______‎ ‎5.星期天我通常跟朋友们一起踢一两个小时的足球.‎ I usually play football with my friends for_______ _______ ________on Sundays.‎ Chapter 3 Troubles I.课堂知识点 A. 1. Deal with/do with 处理 2. hold out 伸出，取出3. take a ferry 乘渡船 4.call the police 报警5.wait for等待 6.stare at sb 盯着7.hurry aboard 匆忙上船 8.talk to sb 和某人说话 9.steal sth from sb 偷某人东西 10. go after追赶 11.run away逃跑 12.pick up 捡起13.a few minutes ago几分钟前14.on the other side of the river在河的另外一边 15.get off 下车16.be in handcuffs 戴着手铐17.Well done!干的好18.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事19.happen to sb发生在某人身上 ‎ 补充：‎ hurry up赶快 hurry to do = do…in a hurry 赶快做某事 hurry n.  匆忙 & v.  赶紧 hurry to + a place = go to + a place + in a hurry 匆忙赶去某地 switch on = turn on 打开 switch off = turn off 关闭 apologize to sb = say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉 ‎ apologize for sth = say sorry for sth 因某事道歉 apologize to sb for sth 因某事而向某人道歉 apologize v. 道歉 make an apology 道歉 ‎ accept an apology 接受道歉 refuse an apology 拒绝接受道歉 ‎(how to )deal with =(what to) do with 处理，应付，解决 hold out = take out 拿出，取出 （hold- held） (take-took)‎ sth happen to sb. 某人发生某事 sth happen = sth take place 发生某事 wait for sb./sth. 等某人/某事 begin to do =begin doing = start to do=start doing 开始做某事 begin – began v. 开始 show sth to sb. = show sb sth 给某人看某事 ‎ give sth to sb = give sb sth 给某人某物 find + sth/sb + 形容词 发现（觉得）…怎么样 ‎ find sth missing 发现某物不见了 run away 逃跑 (run-ran)‎ go after = follow 跟随 pick sth up 拾起某物 report a theft 报告偷窃（案）‎ on the other side of 在另一边 go on/off the bus/the ferry 上/下车/船 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事 C．解释句子 1. Do you often take a ferry to school？ ‎ Do you often go to school by ferry?‎ 2. How do you deal with the old clothes?‎ What do you do with the old clothes?‎ 3. What happened to him?‎ What was wrong with him?‎ What was the matter with him?‎ 4. Then they began doing their homework.‎ Then they started doing their homework.‎ 5. The room was empty.‎ There wasn’t anything in the room.‎ There was nothing in the room.‎ 6. Could you show me your ticket?‎ Could you show your ticket to me?‎ 7. He held out his pen and wrote.‎ He took out his pen and wrote.‎ 8. I found him clever.‎ I found he was clever.‎ 1. I found my money missing.‎ I found my money was lost.‎ 2. The little girl followed the thief here.‎ The little girl went after the thief here.‎ 3. My mother hurried home.‎ My mother went home in a hurry.‎ 4. The man hurried to his office.‎ The man went to his office in a hurry.‎ 5. We saw six policemen. The policemen were standing round the man.‎ We saw six policemen standing round the man.‎ 6. I saw him. He was playing the piano.‎ I saw him playing the piano.‎ 7. The thief stole my purse.‎ The thief stole the purse from me.‎ D．表示“过去”的时间表达 Yesterday,the day before yesterday,last…,….ago,just now ,in+年（月），on+月（日）。‎ E.一般过去时构成 ‎1.BE动词的肯定句（否定）的构成：主语+BE（was+were）+（+NOT）+其他 I was (not) a teacher two years ago.‎ ‎2.be动词的疑问句的构成：be（was+were）+主语+其他？ ‎ Were you a teacher one year ago?NO, I was not.‎ ‎2.一般动词的肯定、否定、一般和特殊疑问句 ‎1.肯定句: 人称+V-ed+其他.‎ ‎2.否定句: 人称+ didn’t + 动词原形+其他.‎ ‎3.一般疑问句: Did+人称+动词原形+其他?‎ ‎4.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ did +人称+动词原形+其他?‎ C.动词过去式的变化规则 ‎1.一般规律 构成方法 原形 过去式 一般情况在动词原形后加-ed ask asked 以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加-d move moved 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，把y变为I, 再加-ed cry cried 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed Stop plan Stopped planned 以e结尾的动词，只加-d die died ‎2.不规则动词的变化。‎ Cost-cost cut-cut hit-hit hurt-hurt let-let put-put read-read become-became ‎ Come-came run-ran ring-rang swim-swam sing-sang sit-sat begin-began ‎ Drink-drank give-gave ride-rode rise-rose write-wrote win-won drive-drove ‎ Shine-shone hold-held go-went get-got buy-bought fight-fought lend-lent Send –sent spend-spent build-built keep-kept sleep-slept sweep-swept draw-drew ‎ Blow-blew grow-grew know-knew throw-threw fly-flew break-broke speak-spoke Wake-woke take-took mistake-mistook can-could will-would forget-forgot sell-sold ‎ Stand-stood understand-understood am/is-was are –were choose-chose do-did dig-dug Eat-ate fall-fell find-found feel-felt have/has-had hear-heard hang-hung shall-should ‎ Learn-learnt/learned smell-smelt/smelled burn-burnt/burned mean-meant lie-lay say-said leave-left lose-lost meet-met make-made may-might see-saw wear-wore. ‎ I. 课堂练习 ‎1.英汉互译 ‎1.对付，处理 deal with 2.伸出，取出 3.逃走，跑开 4.等候 5.盯着看 6. hurry aboard 7.开始做某事 8. go up 9.乘渡船 10.和某人说话 11.上车12.下车 13.戴上手铐14.几分钟前 15.两个女游客16.拿起电话17. report a theft18.follow sb./go after sb.‎ ‎19.在河的对面20.就某事与某人争吵 21. hurry to…/go to ….in hurry22.某事发生在某人身上 ‎ ‎23.把某物给某人看 ‎ ‎2. 改写句子：‎ ‎1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）‎ Lucy _______ _______ her homework at home.‎ ‎2、He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句)‎ ‎______ he _____ ______ meat in the fridge?‎ ‎3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）‎ ‎______ ______ _____ she _____ there?‎ ‎4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)‎ ‎ _____ there _____ orange in the cup? ‎ ‎3. 写出动词的过去式 ‎1.Cost 2.cut 3.hit 4. hurt5. let 6. put 7.read 8.become 9.Come 10.run 11.ring 12.swim 13.sing 14. sit 15.begin 16.Drink 17. give 18.ride 19.rise 20.write 21.win 22.drive 23.Shine 24.hold 25.go 26 get 27. buy 28. fight 29.lend 30.Send 31 spend 32. build 33. keep 34. sleep 35.sweep 36.draw ‎ ‎4. 写出下列过去式的动词原形 ‎1.blew 2. grew 3. knew 4. threw 5. flew 6. broke 7. spoke 8. woke 9. took 10. mistook 11.could 12.would 13.forgot 14.sold 15.stood 16.understood 17.was 18.were 19.chose 20.did 21.dug 22.ate 23.fell 24.found 25.felt 26.had 27.heard 28.hung 29.should 30.learne 31smelled 32.burned 33.meant 34.lay 35.said 36.left 37.lost 38.met 39.made 40.might 41.saw 42.wore. ‎ Chapter 4. The world of numbers 一． 单元知识重点归纳 A. 重点词汇 ‎1.at least 至少 2.consist of 由。。组成 3.stand for 代表 4.in a flash 一瞬间 5.a pair of 一双6.in ancient times 在古代8.from..to 从。。。到。。 9.help sb with sth 帮某人做某事 10.write down 写下 11.multiply ..by.. 乘以12.one of ..中的其中一个13.long ago 很久以前 14.at ‎ most至多 15.international languages 国际语言 16.in tens 十进制 17.in many different ways 用许多不同的方法 B.解释句子 B. 解释句子。‎ ‎1 Be careful! The car nearly hit you.‎ Look out ! The car almost hit you.‎ ‎2. The Indians first invented the system of numbers.‎ The indians made the system of numbers for the first time.‎ ‎3. Your calculation is accurate. ‎ Your calculation is without mistakes.‎ ‎4. The Peony( 牡丹) stands for China.‎ The Peony represents China .‎ ‎5. She fell ill, however, she still went to work.‎ She feel ill , but she still went to work .‎ ‎6. The text consists of 3 parts.‎ The text is made up of 3 parts .‎ ‎ The text includes 3 parts .‎ ‎7. In ancient times, people ate raw (adj. 生的) meat.‎ Many , many years ago , people ate raw meat.‎ 8 What does that sign stand for?‎ What does that sign represent?‎ 9 This book consists of 7 chapters.‎ This book is made up of / includes 7 chapters.‎ ‎10 There are at least four hundred people.‎ There are not less than four hundred people.‎ ‎11 He is 5 years old, however, he can look after himself.‎ He is 5 years old, but he can look after himself.‎ ‎12 I often help my mother do housework.‎ I often help my mother with housework. ( I often assist my mother to do housework.)‎ C. 重要语法 ‎1.祈使句 DO型：动词原形+其它！ Stand up! Get out!‎ BE型：BE+名词/形容词+其它！ Be quick! Be quite!‎ LET型：let sb do sth let’s go there together. /Let us go there together. ‎ ‎2.否定祈使句 DO型否定句：DON’T +动词原形+其他！ Don’t touch it! ‎ BE 型否定句：DON’T +BE +名词/形容词+其它！Don’t be so stupid!/Don’t be careless!‎ LET型否定句：let sb not do sth 让某人不要做某事 Let him not watch TV/Let’s not play computer game .‎ NO.型否定句：No smoking! =Don’t smoke. No parking=Don’t park ‎3．祈使句的反义疑问句 Let’s do sth, shall we? Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?‎ Let us do sth, will you? Let us go out for a walk, will you?‎ Do sth, will you? Buy some food on your way home, will you?‎ Don’t do sth,will you? Don’t forget to mend the car,will you?‎ ‎4.祈使句的回答：‎ Do sth!---Yes,I will Clean the room after room!—Yes,I will /Ok,I will ‎ Don’t do sth!---No,I won’t Don’t forget to mend the car,will you?---Sorry ,I won’t /No,I won’t ‎5.祈使句的主要句型 Do sth,and you will…=If you do sth,you will do…‎ E.g.Work hard,and you will make great progress.=If you work hard,you will make great progress.‎ Do sth,or you will…=If you don’t do sth,you will do…‎ E.g.Hurry up ,or you will be late for the school.=I f you don’t hurry up,you will be late for the school.‎ ‎6.数字的加减乘除 A．加法：用 add…and ….或 …plus/and … 表示。同时，“等于”用is/equal表示。‎ Add 3and 9. 三加九 How much 3plus 9?=How much is 3and 9? 回答：3 plus 9 is/equals 6.‎ B.减法：“减”用subtract A from B(从B中减去A) 或B minus A(B减A). “等于”用is/equal表示。‎ C.乘法：用multiply A by B （B乘以A）,B time A表示B乘以A. “等于”用is/equal表示 D.除法：用“divid B by A” 或”….divided by….”, “等于”用is/equal表示 ‎7.基数词和序数词 基数词 A．1-12的基数词是单独的，需要逐个记忆。‎ ‎1-One, 2-two,3- three ,4-four,5-five ,6-six,7 -seven ,8-eight,9- nine,10- ten,11- eleven,12- twelve B.13-19是个位数的测的词干后加-TEEN构成。‎ Fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen 注意变化的不规则的：Thirteen, fifteen,eighteen,‎ C.基数20-90是在个位数词后面加-TY构成 Sixty,seventy,ninety 注意变化的不规则的：Twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty D．21-99是在十位数词后面加上个位数合成，中间加上连字符“—”‎ Twenty-one.ninety-nine,fifty-four,forty-six…‎ 注意：在读的时候，百位和十位之间用and,十位和个位则直接连读；如果没有十位，百位和个位也直接用and.(245 :two hundred and forty-five,509:five hundred and nine)‎ 序数词：‎ A． 需要特殊记忆的序数词 ‎1-First,2-second,3-third,5-fifth,8-eighth,9-ninth,12-twelfth,‎ B. 其他序数词在相应的基数词之后加-TH构成。‎ Fourth ,sixth,seventh,thirteenth,.‎ C.序数词20-90变Y为I,加-ETH构成。‎ 第20-twentieth,第30-thirtieth, 第40-fortieth,50-fiftieth, 第60-sixtieth, 第70-seventieth, 第80-eightieth, 第90-ninetieth D．序数词21-99,将各位数的基数词变为相应的序数词 第21 twenty-first 第22 twenty-second 第95 ninety-fifth 第73 seventy-third.‎ E.数词的用法 a.小数的表达法：小数是以基数加小数点表示，小数点前面的数按基数词的规则读，小数点后面的数按个位基数词一次读出。‎ ‎148.006 one hundred and forty-eight point zero six.‎ b.分数的表达法：分数的分子以基数词表示，分母以序数词表示，当分子大于1时，序数词要用复数。1/2 a half 1/3 one/third 2/3 two thirds 1/4 one fourth=a quarter c.百分数的读法：百分数是由基数词或小数加百分号组成，百分号（%）读作precent.‎ d.月/日的表示法：in+year/month, on 具体的某一天,at 某个时刻。‎ e.钟点的表达法。‎ 整点钟通常直接由基数词表示：12：00 twelve o’clock 当分钟为小于等于30时，用half past …‎ 当分钟数大于30时，用“60分钟减去实际的分钟A得到B，再用B to 小时。‎ f.编号的表达法：次数的表达：基数词+times;一次 once，两次 twice;房号的表达：ROOM+数字，年级班级的表达：Class 1,Grade4;页数的表达：Page Two;课的表达：Lesson One,the First Lesson.‎ g.数词的关键考点：‎ 具体数字+hundred/thousand/million----Two thousand teachers;‎ hundreds/thousands/millions of 可数名词; hundreds/thousands/millions of books;‎ another+数字=数字+more 另外；another two books,one more book.‎ 在。。。世纪。。。年代 ：在十七世纪二十年代：in the 1620’s 或in the 1620s;‎ a+序数词表示“再一，又一”：He wants to try a second time The+序数词 表示“第几”This is the second time I have seen the film.‎ Be the first to do sth:第一次做某事的人。‎ The+序数词+形容词最高级+。。。 第几：He is the second tallest student in our class.‎ 短语表 1. at least = not less than 至少 ‎ 反义词at most = not more than 最多 2. consist of = be made up of; include 由……组成 3. help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 help sb do sth =help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 （注意do 动词原形）‎ 4. stand for = represent 代表 注意以下短语中“in”的用法 1. in ancient times = many many years ago 在古代时期 ‎ ‎ 注意times：时期，时代 2. in many different ways 用许多不同的方式 介词in：用 3. count in tens 十以内计数 in: 在……以内；‎ 4. in figures 用数字 in words 用文字 5. in a flash 一瞬间 ‎ ‎ Chapter 5 Beyond time and space I.‎ ‎1.重点知识点讲解 A.重点词汇 ‎1.go through 穿过，通过 2.in pieces 成碎片3.dress up 装扮、打扮4.space travel 太空旅行 5.take place 发生 6.be in trouble 处于困境中 7.get out of 从。。。出去 8.land on 登陆。。 9.jump away 跳离 10.turn to sb. 转向某人 11.be sure相信 12.have fun 有乐趣 13.tell a story 讲故事 14.be friendly to sb对某人友好15.be afraid of 害怕 16.take off 起飞 17.see a film 看电影 B．重点语法 1. 一般将来时的构成（I）：主语+shall/will+..‎ ‎(一般将来时指的是对将来事物近期或远期的预见，表达个人主观意图以及征求对方意见）‎ 肯（否）定句的构成：主语+ WILL（not）+动词原形+其它。。。‎ 疑问句的构成：Will+主语+动词原形+其他。。？‎ 回答方式：Yes,主语+will. No 主语+won’t 备注：无论主语是第几人称，都可以WILL，但是当句子的主语是第一人称I,WE时，也可以用shall.‎ I shall (will) learn English next year.‎ Shall we walk to school tomorrow?-----Yes,we shall. No,we shall not 2. 一般将来时的构成II:一般将来时的构成（II）：主语+be going to +…(表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事)‎ 肯（否）定句的构成：主语+be (not) going to +..‎ 疑问句：BE+主语+going to +动词原形+。。。？ 回答：Yes,主语+be(not).‎ ‎3. 一般将来时的其他构成方式：‎ 1. be to+动词原形+…（表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见）‎ ‎ I am to go to Beijing this winter holiday!‎ ‎2.be about to+动词原形+….（表示即将发生的动作）：He is about to go.‎ ‎3.现在进行时表示将来时：（come，go，leave可用现在进行时表示按计划将发生的动作） ‎ I am going to school tomorrow。 I am leaving to Beijing in two days！‎ ‎4.一般将来时的重要考点：‎ A．Let’s do sth,shall we? 和Let us do sth,will you?‎ B．祈使句+反义疑问句。（反义疑问句部分用will you）‎ Don’t forget to mend the car ,will you?‎ C,祈使句+and/or+句子（and后面的句子用一般将来时）‎ Work hard，and you will make great progress ‎=If you workhard，you will make great progress D．主将从现（主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时） ‎ If you workhard，you will make great progress I will come to see you when I come back。‎ E．There is going to be+=There will be。。将有 There is going to be a match this weekend。=There will be a match this weekend。‎ 1. 表示将来的时间表达 A. tomorrow/next…/the day after tomorrow/this…(这个)/in the future/ from now on/in+一段时间 Chapter 6.Beyond time and space(II)‎ 重点知识点 I.重要的词汇 Fall asleep 睡着 wake up 醒来 go out 熄灭 hard work 难事 look for 寻找 in space 在天空中 at a speed of 以什么样的速度 in the sky 在天上 go round 环绕 escape from 从。。逃离 neither…nor.. 既不。。也不。。 be free 自由 moments later 片刻之后 aim at sb 瞄准某人 at that time 在那时 first aid 急救 climb into 爬进 go back 返回 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 make an invitation 邀请 suggest doing sth 建议做某事 make a suggestion 提建议have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得开心 区别： fall asleep = go to sleep 入睡 go to bed 去睡觉 feel sleepy 感到瞌睡的 II.解释句子 ‎1. The story probably takes place on another planet. ‎ The story probably happens on another planet. ‎ ‎2. We had fun yesterday.‎ ‎ We enjoyed ourselves yesterday. ‎ ‎3. Maybe he is friendly. ‎ May be he is friendly.‎ ‎4. Suddenly, a dog appeared from nowhere. ‎ Suddenly, a dog showed up from nowhere.‎ ‎5. The rat escaped from the cat.‎ ‎ The rat run away from the cat.‎ ‎6. He isn’t right. You aren’t right, either.‎ ‎ Neither he nor you are right.‎ ‎7. Gork immediately fell asleep. ‎ Gork went to sleep at once.‎ ‎8. We’ll use this laser torch to melt the bars. ‎ We’ll melt the bars with this laser torch.‎ ‎9. What’s wrong, Gork?‎ ‎ What’s the matter , Gork ?‎ ‎10. What happened to Gork? ‎ What’s wrong with Gork ?‎ What’s the matter with Gork ?‎ ‎11. Catch the chance, otherwise you’ll regret it. (regret v. 后悔) ‎ Catch the chance, or you’ll regret it.‎ ‎12. Don’t interrupt me! ‎ ‎ Stop talking with me !‎ ‎13. He went out secretly.‎ ‎ He went out without notice.‎ ‎14. He aimed the gun at the bird.‎ He pointed the gun at the bird.‎ 1. His cigarette went out. ‎ ‎ His cigarette stopped shining I. 本章重点语法知识 1. 介词及方位介词的用法 介词是一种虚词，没有词形的变化，通常放在名词或代词之前，用于表示它们与其它词的关系。按照意义来分，英语的介词主要分为三类：时间介词、方位介词和其他介词。‎ 方位介词的用法 A． 方位介词就是表示方位或地点的介词：常见的有at/in/on/between/inside/outside/in front of …‎ ‎1.AT 表示“在。。处”，一般用于较小的比较具体的地点。At this village.‎ ‎2.in 表示“在。。里面/内部”；或是在较大的地点。In Beijing,in this box 比较 in the tree 和on the tree，on the wall 和 in the wall In the tree 指本身不属于树的东西落在了树上。如动物 On the tree 指本来树上就长有的。‎ On the wall 指的是在墙的表面如黑板，画等 In the wall 表示镶嵌在墙的里面，如窗户、门等 注意：in the newspaper: 在报纸上（新闻）， in the street(on the road)在街上 B. 比较地理方位介词in，ON,TO a. IN 表示A地在B地的范围之内 Shanghai‎ is in the east of China.‎ b.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻 North Korea‎ is on the east of China.‎ c.TO 表示A地在B地范围之外，即两者之间有距离 Japan‎ lies to the east of China.‎ d. on 表示“在某物上面”但两者接触。‎ 比较ON ,OVER,ABOVE,beneath ON 表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起。A book on the desk OVER表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系“在。。上方”(反义词是UNDER).a bridge over the river Above表示在某物的斜上方，或“高于。。”（反义词是below）.‎ Beneath常可以和below 互换，表示在。。下方，在。。脚下 e.behind表示“在某物的后面”‎ f.”in front of “表示“在。。前面”（反义词是behind 注意：‎ In front of 指“在某物的外部的前方”‎ There are some big trees in front of the classroom.‎ In the front of “指的是在某物的内部靠前的地方“‎ The driver is always in the front of the bus.‎ In the front“在前面”‎ I like to sit in the front.‎ g.near表示“在某事物的附近”‎ beside 和by都表示“在。。旁边”‎ near 表示距离比beside 和by稍远些。也时常换用。‎ Near to 表示“紧挨着”，“紧靠。。的旁边”‎ h.between表示“在。。。之间”，常用于between..and..”—“在。。之间”‎ between表示“在两者之间”，among表示“在三者或三者以上”‎ A． 限定词“some”和“any”‎ ‎1.“some”和“any”可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。‎ Some (any)books/water ‎2. some 常用于肯定句中，而any用在否定和疑问句中。‎ ‎3.some和any的特殊用法。‎ Some 用在疑问句，表示建议，请求或是期望得到肯定回答。‎ Would you like some tea?‎ What about some apple juice?‎ Any 用于肯定句中，起强调作用。表示“任何”常用结构“any+单数名词”‎ Any student can answer this question.‎ 1. some+单数名词 表示“某一”‎ some day some one 2. some more 意思是“一些更多的”,some other 意思是“一些其他的”，在否定和疑问句中用any other.但是“any other…”其他任何 Can you give me some more coffee?‎ C.不定代词：既不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。常见的不定代词有：some(something,somebody,someone);any(anything,anybody,anyone);no(nothing,nobody,no one);every(everything,everybody,everyone);all,each,both,none,one,either,neither,other,another,much,many,(a )little,(a)few;‎ ‎1.Somebody,someone,something Somebody,someone,something用于肯定句中 Somebody某人;something 某事/某物 Something可以用于提建议或请求的问句中，希望得到肯定回答；‎ Would you like something to eat?‎ 1. anybody,anyone,anything anybody,anyone,anything用于否定和疑问句中, Anybody任何人，anything 任何事/物 ‎。（anyone,anything用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事/物）‎ 2. nobody,no one,nothing nobody=not anybody没有一个人 I saw nobody=I didn’t see anybody.‎ Nothing=not..anything 什么也没有 I heared nothing.=I didn’t hear anything.‎ No one=none 一个人也没有 3. 复合不定代词 A． 复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。‎ B.不定代词+形容词（不定代词的定语要后置）‎ Nothing serious.‎ There is something important in the newspaper.‎ C.have something to do 有事要做 There is something wrong with ‎ There is nothing wrong with Nothing much没什么大事。‎