初一英语――音标学习与情景对话练习 10页

初一英语――音标学习与情景对话练习 教学目的 1、 熟练掌握20个元音发音的规则，初步学会根据音标发音；‎ 2、 掌握情景对话的问答以及做题的方法。‎ 重点难点 重点：熟练掌握20个元音的发音规则，；‎ 难点：能根据音标正确发音.‎ 教学内容 励志名言 如果人生的途程上没有障碍，人还有什么可做的呢？ ‎ ‎——俾斯麦 英语美句 We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. ‎ ‎ -- Mattin Luther King 我们必须接受失望，因为它是有限的，但千万不可失去希望，因为它是无穷的。 ‎ ‎ -- 马丁·路德·金 基础提升 英语国际音标表（48个）‎ 元音（20个）‎ 长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ / ɜ:/ /i:/ /U:/ /æ/ ‎ 短元音 / ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ ‎ 双元音 /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ ‎ ‎ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ ‎ ‎ ‎ 10‎ 辅音（28个）‎ 轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/‎ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/  /g/ /v/ /ð/  /z/  ‎ 轻辅音 /ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/  ‎ 浊辅音 /ʒ/ / r/  /dz/  /dʒ/ /dr/  ‎ 鼻音 /m/ /n/  /ŋ/  ‎ 半元音 / j/ / w/ ‎ 边音 / ǀ/ ‎ 辅音音标[p][b][t][d][k][ ɡ][f][s][z][l][r][h]和汉语拼音的声母p（坡）、b（玻）、t（特）、 d（得）、k（科）、ɡ（哥）、f（佛）、s（思）、z（子）、l（勒）、r（日）、h（喝）从音和形都 很相似。这些音素与汉语拼音的发音方法 基本一致，可以用记声母的方法记音标。‎ 二：英语国际音标表中六个长元音。‎ 1) ‎[i:] 字母组合:be ea e be ei ‎ three tree green sheep meet beef see tea teacher team ‎ speak clean please he she me ‎ ‎2) [ æ ] 发音字母 a bag hand and happy hat map bad black back ‎ ‎3) [ə:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl third bird turn nurse learn her work worm work world ‎ ‎4) [a:] 字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden class last glass ‎ ‎5) [ɔ: ]字母组合 al or au our ar small talk tall ball call short more ‎ for sport door floor store ‎ ‎6) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth 10‎ 三．根据音标写单词：‎ ‎[blu:] [da:ns] [mu:n] ‎ ‎[fa:] [laik] [flai] [hæpi ] [plei] [fæmili]‎ ‎ ‎ 读一读，练一练 ‎/mi:t/ v.____________ /fə:st/ adj._______________‎ ‎/kla:s/ n.______________ /`stju:dnt/ n._________________ ‎ ‎/mætʃ/ v._____________ /t u: / adv.__________________ ‎ 四：英语国际音标中双元音 ‎[ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate ‎ plane April play say may way great break ‎ rain paint plain they grey ‎ ‎14) [ai] 发音字母 i y ‎ bike fine find die nine light night high ‎ my try fly eye ‎15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow ‎ house out flour ground account count sound loud around ‎ mouse flower down now cow how town ‎16) [əu] 发音字母 o ow oa ‎ home cold go no know low below show flow boat coat ‎ ‎17) [ ɔɪ ] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice ‎ ‎18) [iə] 字母组合 eer ear ‎ beer deer ear near here fierce idea ‎19) [ ɛə ] ([eə])字母组合ear air ere pear bear chair air fair there where care ‎20) [uə] [auə]字母组合our ower ‎ hour tour flower shower 10‎ 读一读，练一练：‎ ‎/kləuz/ v.___________ /əupən/ v.________________‎ ‎/rait/ v._________ /pi`ænəu/ n.__________________‎ 一. 找出画线部分读音不同的单词(每题2分,共20分) (  ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach (  ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map (  ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party (  ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good (  ) 5. A. book B. moody C. look D. cook (  ) 6. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu (  ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly (  ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over (  ) 9. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot (  ) 10.A. like B. lion C. pizza D. Friday 情景对话 ‎~4‎ ‎1. 看病 ‎ ‎　　What’s the matter? 怎么了？什么事？         What’s wrong? 怎么了？什么事？ ‎ ‎　　What’s the trouble? 怎么了？什么事？           My …hurt 我的……痛 ‎　　How long have you had the problem? 你这样多久了？‎ ‎　　例1：‎ ‎　　（Mike comes to see Dr White. W: Dr White; M: Mike）‎ ‎　　W: What’s the trouble, Mike?‎ ‎　　M: Well, doctor. It’s my eyes. I can’t see clearly.‎ ‎　　W: How long have you had the problem?‎ ‎　　M: Since last week, I think.‎ ‎　　W: Let me have a look. Oh, Mike. I guess you are working too hard these days and taking less care of your eyes.‎ ‎　　M: That’s true What should I do then?‎ ‎　　W: Well, when you feel tired, just stop working and come out to enjoy a short rest. Remember, never go to bed too late and don’t read in bed.‎ ‎　　M: Do you think that will help?‎ ‎　　W: Sure, Mike.‎ M: All right doctor, I’ll try it .Thank you very much.                   ‎ ‎                                                                           ‎ 10‎ ‎　　2. 打电话 ‎　　This is…speaking 我是……‎ ‎　　Who’s that? 你是谁？‎ ‎　　Is that…speaking? 你是……？‎ ‎　　Could I speak to…? 我能和……说话吗？‎ ‎　　Hold on for a moment. 等一会，稍等。‎ ‎　　Could I take a message? 我可以带一个信吗？‎ ‎　　例2：‎ ‎　　A: Hello, 954122‎ ‎　　B: Hello! Is that Tom?‎ ‎　　A: Yes, speaking.‎ ‎　　B: Tom, this is Hack, Fred is ill in hospital.‎ ‎　　A: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that.‎ ‎　　B: I want to see him. Do you know the way to the North Street Hospital?‎ ‎　　A: Yes. You can take the No.27 bus. Get off at the North Street. Then go along the road, take the first turning on the right. Walk on and turn left.‎ ‎　　You’ll find it in front of you.‎ ‎ B:Thankyouverymuch.                                                                                            ‎ ‎　　3. 问路与指路 ‎　　Is there a ….near here? 这附近有一个……？         Where’s the …? ……在哪里？‎ ‎　　Could you tell me the way to…? 你可以告诉我……的路吗？‎ ‎　　Could you tell me how to get to…? 你能告诉我怎么去……？           Go along … 沿着……走 ‎　　turn left /right at the…crossing 在……个十字路口向左/右转 ‎　　例3：‎ ‎　　A: Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the zoo?‎ ‎　　B: Sorry, I don’t know. I’m new here. Please ask that girl.‎ ‎　　A: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the zoo?‎ ‎　　C: Go along this street until you reach the second traffic lights. Turn left. At the end of the street you’ll see the zoo.‎ ‎　　A: Can I take a bus to get there?‎ ‎　　C: Yes, you can.‎ ‎　　A: Which bus shall I take?‎ ‎　　C: You can take a No.6 bus. ‎ 内容提要：A: Thank you very much. C: Its my pleasure. 4. 买东西 What can I do for you? 我可能为你做什么？ Can I help you? 我能帮你吗？ What would you like? 你来点什么？ What about? 怎么样 ‎　　A: Thank you very much.‎ C:It’s my pleasure.                                                                                             ‎ ‎　　‎ 10‎ ‎4. 买东西 ‎　　What can I do for you? 我可能为你做什么？                 Can I help you? 我能帮你吗？‎ ‎　　What would you like…? 你来点什么？                        What about…? ……怎么样 ‎　　How much is the…? 这个……多少钱？                        I’d like… 我想要点……‎ ‎　　例4：‎ ‎　　A: What can I do for you?‎ ‎　　B: I’d like shoes in size eight.‎ ‎　　A:Shoes in size eight?‎ ‎　　A: I’m sorry. We’ve sold out the shoes in your size.‎ ‎　　B: Never mind .Let me look at your suits. May I try this one on, please?‎ ‎　　A: Certainly, sir.‎ ‎　　B: It looks great. How much does it cost?‎ ‎　　A: 200 dollars.‎ ‎　　B: That’s much too expensive. Have you got anything cheaper?‎ ‎　　A: Yes. The brown ones over there are only 120 dollars. You may try it on.‎ ‎　　B: All right. Mm, I’ll take it. Thank you. Bye.‎ A:Goodbye.                                                                                                   ‎ ‎　　5. 借东西 ‎　　May I use your…? 我可以用你的……吗？         Could you lend me your…? 你可以借给我你的……吗？‎ ‎　　Would you please buy a…for me? 你能为我买一个……吗？      I won’t keep it long. 我不会借太久。‎ ‎　　How long may I keep the…? 我可以借……多长时间？‎ ‎　　例5：‎ ‎　　A: Could you lend me your dictionary?‎ ‎　　B: Here you are.‎ ‎　　A: Thank you. I won’t keep it long. I just want to look up a few words.‎ ‎　　B: I’m not using it now. Take your time.‎ ‎　　A: Thanks.‎ ‎　　B: Not at all.‎ ‎　　A: By the way are you going to the city this afternoon?‎ ‎　　B: I’m going to. What can I do for you?‎ ‎　　A: Would you please buy a book for me?‎ B:Sure.I’llbegladto .                                                     ‎ ‎　‎ ‎　6. 问候 10‎ ‎　　How are you ? 你好吗？‎ ‎　　Fine ,thank you. 很好，谢谢你。‎ ‎　　Good morning. 早上好。‎ ‎　　How do you do ? 你好。‎ ‎　　Nice to meet you! 很高兴遇见你！‎ ‎　　例6：‎ ‎　　Lin Tao: Hi ,Sam! How are you?‎ ‎　　Sam: Fine, thanks. What about you?‎ 内容提要：Lin Tao: Im OK. Are you free tomorrow? Sam: Yes, why? Lin Tao: Were going to have a swim. Sam: Good idea! Can I come? Lin Tao: Sure! Jims coming ,too. Sam: Where are you going to meet? Lin Tao: We are ‎　　Lin Tao: I’m OK. Are you free tomorrow?‎ ‎　　Sam: Yes, why?‎ ‎　　Lin Tao: We’re going to have a swim.‎ ‎　　Sam: Good idea! Can I come?‎ ‎　　Lin Tao: Sure! Jim’s coming ,too.‎ ‎　　Sam: Where are you going to meet?‎ ‎　　Lin Tao: We are going to meet outside the school gate at two o’clock.‎ ‎　　Sam: OK. Goodbye.‎ 真题练兵 一．单项选择。‎ ‎1.---Would you like to go out for a walk with us?‎ ‎ ---_________, but I must finish my homework first.‎ ‎ A. Of course not B. That’s all right ‎ C. I’d love to D. Yes, I do ‎2.---I haven’t seen Jack for three days. Is he ill?‎ ‎ ---________. His mother told me that he was in hospital.‎ ‎ A. I am afraid so B. I hope not ‎ C. I don’t expect D. I am afraid not ‎3.---Thank you for your delicious dinner.‎ ‎ ---__________.‎ ‎ A. Don’t say that B. It’s nothing ‎ C. I don’t think so D. I’m glad you enjoyed it ‎4.Turn the box over, please. Can’t you see the words “________”?‎ ‎ A. DANGER B. MENU C. THIS SIDE UP D. FRAGILE ‎5. ---I hope you don’t mind my pointing out your mistakes.‎ ‎----_________ .‎ A. Not at all B. You’re welcome C. Of course D. It’s a pleasure ‎6. ---I’m sorry. I’ve broken your cup.‎ ‎---_______ .‎ A. It doesn’t matter B. Thank you 10‎ C. Not at all D. Excuse me ‎7. ---Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?‎ ‎---_________‎ A. It doesn’t matter. B. That’s nothing.‎ C. Good idea! D. You’re welcome.‎ ‎8. ---Will you go shopping together with us this Sunday, Jenny?‎ ‎ ---Yes, __________.‎ ‎ A. I do B. I’d like to C. I’d love to do D. I’m busy ‎9. ---What a nice meal! Thank you for having us.‎ ‎ ---________.‎ ‎ A. It doesn’t matter B. It was a pleasure ‎ C. Not nice enough D. With pleasure ‎10. --Wish you a happy New Year!‎ ‎ ---________.‎ ‎ A. The same to you B. You do too ‎ C. The same as you D. You have it too ‎11. ---Hello. May I speak to Tom Smith?‎ ‎ ---Yes. _______.‎ ‎ A. My name’s Tom Smith B. I’m Tom Smith ‎ C. This is Tom Smith D. Tom Smith’s me ‎12. ---What are Johnson’s family like?‎ ‎ ---____________.‎ ‎ A. His family is just like mine B. They all like sports and games ‎ C. Oh, it’s really a big one D. They are all warm-hearted and helpful ‎13. ---Do you mind if I open the door?‎ ‎ ---_______.‎ ‎ A. No, of course not B. Yes, please ‎ C. Yes, you can D. No, you can’t open it ‎14.---Help yourself to some fruit.‎ ‎ ---__________‎ ‎ A. Thank you. B. Yes, I like it very much.‎ ‎ C. OK. It’s nothing serious. D. Really?‎ ‎15. ---__________________ ? ‎---Hold on, please.‎ A. Are you Bruce, please B. Who are you C. Are you at home, Bruce D. May I speak to Bruce, please 二．情景对话。‎ John: Hello, Jim. May I come in?‎ 10‎ Jim: Oh, hello, John. Yes, come in, please.‎ John: You don’t look well. What’s the matter?‎ Jim: __1__‎ John: Oh dear! Why don’t you go to bed for a rest?‎ Jim: __2__ ‎ John: shall I call him and tell him you’re ill?‎ Jim: __3__ ‎ John: OK. I’ll do that. I’m going to the shops now. Can I get you some medicice?‎ Jim: __4__ ‎ John: Yes, of course. Is there anything else I can do?‎ Jim: __5__‎ John: see you later then. Take care!‎ A. Oh, yes, please. His number is in the phone book.‎ B. No, I’ll be all right. Thanks for your help.‎ C. My head hurts and I feel really hot.‎ D. Could you buy me a bottle of aspirin,please?‎ E. It doesn’t hurt very much.‎ F. I can’t. I will play ping-pong with our teacher this afternoon.‎ G. Do you think it’s a good idea?‎ 今日小结 学生自己总结：（这节课我学到了什么？）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一．单项选择。‎ ‎1. ---Could you tell me how to get to Peterson Building, please? ‎---________________.‎ A. Don’t ask me B. Sure. You can take the No.3 bus C. You’re welcome D. Thank you all the same ‎2. ---Oh, what a nice picture! You draw very well. ‎---________________.‎ A. Yes, it’s very bad B. Yours is good C. Of course not D. Thank you ‎3. ---What’s wrong with you? ‎---_________________.‎ A. I’ve got a headache 10‎ B. She’ll take some medicine C. I’ve got a new bike D. I’m a doctor ‎4. ---Happy New Year! ‎---________________.‎ A. You are happy B. The same to you C. Happy birthday ‎ D. Yes, I’m happy, too ‎5. ---What’s the weather like? ‎---_______________. A. I like the weather B. It’s sunny C. I don’t like the weather D. It’s rain ‎6. ---________________? ‎---It’s Saturday.‎ A. What’s the date B. What time is it C. What day is it today D. How much is it ‎7. ---Would you like to come to my house for supper? ‎---__________________.‎ A. I’d love to. But I’m afraid I can’t B. Yes, I can’t C. No, I would D. Yes, I wouldn’t ‎8. ---What can I do for you, madam? ‎---__________________.‎ A. I can help myself B. No, I don’t need C. Yes, please help me D. I’d like to buy a pair of shoes of my daughter ‎9. ---I’ve passed the exam. ‎---__________________.‎ A. Congratulations!‎ B. Bad luck!‎ C. Thank you for telling me.‎ D. It’s nothing.‎ 二．找出一个划线部分发音不同的单词 ‎（ ）1、A、seat B、mean C、leave D、bread ‎（ ）2、A、pig B、quite C、king D、this ‎（ ）3、A、back B、man C、make D、happy ‎（ ）4、A、head B、teacher C、ready D、breakfast ‎（ ）5、A、help B、nest C、letter D、sheparty ‎ 10‎