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牛津译林七年级上册词汇专题梳理
知识点:词汇
Part 1: 词性转换
1.名词
◆【典型例题】
1. _________ (child)Day is on June the first.
2. _________ (teacher)Day is coming. Let’s buy some presents for our English teacher.
3. The story is about a lazy cat and some clever ________(mouse)
4. There are some _________ (tomato) on the table.
5. There is some _________ (tomato)juice on the table.
1.1 名词单数变复数的规则变化与不规则变化
(1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
1. 一般在词尾加-s: books, cats, dogs, beds
2. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的, 改 y为 i, 再加-es;
以元音字母+y 结尾,直接加s;key-keys, story-stories, city-cities
3. o结尾的词,有生命加es, 无生命加s。
4. 以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的在词尾加-es: glasses, boxes, watches, brushes
5. 以f, fe 结尾的词, 改f, fe 为v, 再加-es: knife-knives, leaf-leaves, life-lives
(2)可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
(1)单复数同形
(2)改变中间元音
(3)改变词尾
1.2复数名词的所有格形式
(1)如果是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是在名词后加 ’
(2)如果名词的复数形式不是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是直接加 ’s
(3)如果两个人共同拥有一样物品时,只在后面一个名词后加 ’s
(4)如果一样的物品不是两个人共同拥有而是各自都有时,它的所有格是在两个名后都加上 ‘s
2.形容词与副词
◆【典型例题】
1. It is raining ___________ (heavy) outside.
2. Which pencil box is__________(big) , the red one or the blue one?
3. Look, Jenny is dancing. She dances ________ (good).
4. Your idea sounds ________ (wonderfully).
2.1 形容词与副词的转换
一般:形容词+ly,少数词去e加ly(true--truly)
二般:以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加ly
三特:不规则动词
fast---fast
early---early
good---- well
high---high
late --- late
hard----hard
2.2 形容词与副词的比较级
规则变化:
构成
原级
比较级
一般加-er,-est
tall 高的
fast快地
taller更高的
faster更快地
e结尾直接加-r,-st
late晚的
later更晚的
辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写再加-er, -est
big大的
bigger 更大的
thin瘦的
thinner更瘦的
辅音字母+y结尾,y改为i,再加-er,-est
dirty脏的
heavy重的
dirtier更脏的
heavier更重的
多音节和部分双音节词,在前面加more,most
interesting 有趣的
slowly慢地
more interesting更有趣的
more slowly更慢地
不规则变化:
原级
比较级
good好的/well 好地;身体好的
better
bad坏的/ill病的/badly 坏地;严重地
worse
much/many 多的
more
far 远的
farther/further
little少的
less
old老的,旧的
older/elder
3. 基数词与序数词的转换
◆【典型例题】
1. Today is the __________(four) day of a week in English. It's ___________.
2. ___________is the __________month in a year. (five)
3. I live on the _________(nine)floor.
4. Where do you live? I live in Building_________( eleven), the_______ floor (three).
规律:1.2.3特殊记;8去t, 9去e;ve要用f替
见y变成i和e, 词尾再加th
若是遇上几十几,只变个位就可以
基数
序数
基数
序数
基数
序数
1
one
first
11
eleven
eleventh
30
thirty
thirtieth
2
two
second
12
twelve
twelfth
40
forty
fortieth
3
three
third
13
thirteen
thirteenth
50
fifty
fiftieth
4
four
fourth
14
fourteen
fourteenth
60
sixty
sixtieth
5
five
fifth
15
fifteen
fifteenth
70
seventy
seventieth
6
six
sixth
16
sixteen
sixteenth
80
eighty
eightieth
7
seven
seventh
17
seventeen
seventeenth
90
ninety
ninetieth
8
eight
eighth
18
eighteen
eighteenth
100
one hundred
one hundredth
9
nine
ninth
19
nineteen
nineteenth
10
ten
tenth
20
twenty
twentieth
23
twenty-three
twenty-third
4.名词变形容词
◆【典型例题】
1. Peter is always ________ (friend) to me.
2. After a heavy rain, the weather became __________(sun)again.
3. I like eating ___________(China)food.
4. Sport lovers likes playing ____________(Australia)football.
5. _______ (fool)people can’t see them.
(1)名词加-y构成形容词
rain (雨水) →rainy (多雨的)
wind (风) →windy (多风的,风大的)
cloud (云) →cloudy (多云的,阴天的)
snow (雪)→ snowy (多雪的)
sun (太阳)→ sunny (多阳光的,明朗的)
【注】sunny双写
luck (运气)→ lucky (幸运的)
health (健康) →healthy (健康的)
noise (嘈杂声) →noisy (嘈杂的,喧闹的)
【注】noise去e
(2)名词加-ful构成形容词,表示肯定.如:
use (使用) →useful (有用的,有益的)
help (帮助) →helpful 有益的)
care (关心,小心) →careful (小心的,仔细的)
wonder (惊奇,感到奇怪) →wonderful (极好的)
color (颜色) →colorful (彩色的;色彩艳丽的)
thank →thankful (感激的,欣赏的)
beauty (美丽) →beautiful (美丽的)
【注】把-y变成-i,再加-ful
(3)名词加-less构成形容词,表示否定.如:
use (用处) →useless (无用的)
care (关心,小心) →careless (粗心的)
harm (伤害,损害)→ harmless (无害的)
help (帮助) →helpless (无能的,无用的)
(4)名词加-ly构成形容词.如:
friend (朋友) →friendly (友好的)
love (爱) →lovely (可爱的)
month (月份) →monthly (每月的)
live (生活,居住) →lively (充满生气的)
day (天) →daily (每日的)
(5)在有些国名后加上-ese构成形容词,表示“……国的”.如:
China (中国) →Chinese (中国的)
Japan (日本) →Japanese (日本的)
(6)在某些以元音结尾的名词后加-n构成形容词.例如:
Asia(亚洲)→Asian (亚洲的)
America (美国) →American (美国的)
Australia (澳大利亚) →Australian (澳大利亚的)
(7)在某些名词后加-ous构成形容词.如:
danger (危险) →dangerous (危险的)
fame (名声,名望) →famous (著名的)
[特别提醒:别忘了去掉e]
(8)在某些名词后加-ish构成形容词.如:
fool(傻瓜)→ foolish(愚蠢的)
Spain(西班牙)→ Spanish(西班牙的)
5.动词变名词
◆【典型例题】
1. They are women ___________(drive).
2. Many __________(visit)come to visit the Great Wall.
3. ___________(dance)makes people beautiful and healthy.
4. ___________ (read)is a good habit.
5. I want to be an __________(art). It’s my dream.
5.1 动词词尾+er/ or-------名词(人)
work—worker
teach—teacher
sing—singer
play—player
wait—waiter
jump—jumper
visit—visitor
invent—inventor
【注意】
(1) 以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r。
例如:drive—driver, write—writer, dance—dancer等。
(2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er。
例如:run—runner, win—winner, begin—beginner等。
5.2 动词词尾+ing,动名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)
build—building
wait—waiting
wash—washing
swim—swimming
shop—shopping
begin—beginning
meet—meeting
dance—dancing
6.人称代词主宾格、形容词性物主代词
◆【典型例题】
1. Thanks for helping ________( I ).
2. ________(Ann) mother is ______(we) teacher.
3. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.
4. She teaches ___________(we)Math.
数
人称 种类
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格
I
you
he; she; it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him; her; it
us
you
them
形容词性物主代词
my
your
her;his;its
our
your
their
人称代词的基本用法
(1)主格在句子中作主语 I’m a student. 我是学生。
(2)宾格在句子中作宾语(用于动词和介词的后面)或表语
We can help them. 我们能帮助他们。(作动词宾语)
It’s a present for me. 这是给我的礼物。(作介词宾语)
--- Who’s that? --- It’s me. 是谁呀?是我。(作表语)
(3)形容词性物主代词只能作定语用,放在名词前,不能单独使用
His sister is a nurse. 他的姐姐是一名护士。
Part 2: 时态语态转换
◆【典型例题】
1. Jenny often _________(go) to school on foot?
2. My uncle _____________(come) to see us five hours ago.
3. There ___________(be) a book on the desk tomorrow.
4. Look, the boys _______________(clean)the classroom.
5. Look at the black clouds. It ________________(rain)soon.
定义
时间状语或标志性词
动词变化
一般现在时
表示习惯性的动作或状态
always
often
usually
sometimes
never
everyday
once a week
twice a month
(1) 一般情况:词尾+s
want-wants like-likes
(2) 以-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -o结尾:词尾+es
catch-catches
(3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾:变y为i,再加-es
study-studies carry-carries
(4)have----has
一般过去时
过去发生的动作或状态
last holiday上一个假期
two days ago两天之前
yesterday
the day before yesterday
just now
(1)一般情况:词尾+ed
walk-walked
(2)以不发音字母e结尾:词尾+d
live-lived
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾:变y为i,再加-ed
cry-cried try-tried
(4)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写词尾+ed
shop-shopped stop-stopped
现在进行时
正在发生的动作
now
look
listen
at the moment
at this time
(1)一般情况:词尾+ing
read-reading fly-flying
(2)以不发音字母e结尾:去e,再加-ing
make-making come-coming
(3)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写词尾+ing
swim-swimming run-running
(4)ie结尾变成y,再把ing加。
die-dying lie-lying
一般将来时
将来某个时刻发生的动作或状态
next Sunday下一个周日
in two hours两小时之后
tomorrow明天
the day after tomorrow 后天
(1)will +动词原形
(2)be going to +动词原形
【例题精讲】
一.词汇
A) 根据句意或括号中的中文提示。英文提示,写出句中所缺的单词,使句子通顺。
1. We students often visit Nantong Gity ________(博物馆)during our summer holidays.
【参考答案】Museum
【考查内容】名词
【难度等级】中
【思路解析】专有名词首字母要大写。
2. Mary is a good swimmer.She often wins in swimming________ (比赛).
【参考答案】matches
【考查内容】名词
【难度等级】中
【思路解析】她赢了不止一场比赛,可数名词要注意单复数。
3.It’s too cold outside.There are very ________ (not many) peole taking a walk in the
park now.
【参考答案】few
【考查内容】形容词
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】not many不多,所以用very few people,表示很少人。
4.He enjoys reading and usually________( take other people's things and give them back
later )books from the school library.
【参考答案】borrows
【考查内容】动词
【难度等级】中
【思路解析】borrow..from 从……借……,注.意主语是第三人称单数。
5.Sandy dreams of being a doctor and now she is working hard to make it come________.
【参考答案】true
【考查内容】动词短语
【难度等级】中
【思路解析】dream comes true,固定搭配:实现梦想
B)用所给词的适当形式填空
one meet play they real
1.I'm ________ sorry to tell you that I can't go to your birthday party.
【参考答案】really
【考查内容】副词
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】副词really修饰形容词sorry,表示真的很抱歉。
2.---What time dees the class ________begin?
---At 3p.m.
【参考答案】meeting
【考查内容】名词
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】class meeting是班会的意思。
3.---Does Miss Yang teach ________Chinese?
---No,their Chinese teacher is Miss Chen.
【参考答案】them
【考查内容】动宾结构
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】teach sb. sth.教某人……,teach是动词后跟代词,代词要用宾格形式。
4.Millie gets up early in the morning and is always the ________to get to school every day.
【参考答案】first
【考查内容】序数词
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】the first to get to school意思是第一个到学校的。
5.---Are these caps on the table yours?
---No. they are the ________.They are playing footbali on the playground.
【参考答案】players’
【考查内容】物主代词
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】帽子是运动员们的,运动员用复数players,变成所有格是players’。
C)用所给动词的适当时态填空
show go wake fly be not
6.Linda with her friends ________ kites in the park when it is fine on Sundays.
【参考答案】flies
【考查内容】一般现在时
【难度等级】中
【思路解析】句意是Linda和朋友在公园放风筝,with friends作伴随状语,主语是第三人称单数,所以动词要加s。
7.Dad, ________ me up before you leave for work,Ok?
【参考答案】wake
【考查内容】祈使句
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】祈使句以动词原形开头,wake sb. up 喊某人起床
8.Kate ________ free these days.She is busy with the coming English exam.
【参考答案】is not
【考查内容】否定句
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】Kate是单数,be动词用is。
9.---What about ________ our parents around our school on the Open Day?
---Good idea!
【参考答案】showing
【考查内容】动名词
【难度等级】中
【思路解析】What about doing?表示建议,about是介词,后面加名词/动名词。
10.Don't let your little sister ________ swimming in that river.It's too dangerous(危险的).
【参考答案】go
【考查内容】动词短语
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,否定是don't let sb. do sth.
【课堂练习】
词汇
A. 请根据括号中的中文提示、英文释义或句意,写出句中所缺单词,使句子通顺。
1.Drive (顺着)the road,and you will find the cinema on your right.
【答案】along
【分析】考查介词顺着的拼写。句意为顺着这条路开,你就会发现电影院在你的右边。along为顺着。
2.Thanks for your birthday (present). I like them very much.
【答案】gifts
【分析】考查名词礼物的拼写。句意为感谢你的生日礼物,我非常喜欢他们。注意括号中的英文释义present不可以直接使用原词,又后面用的them为复数,因此答案为gifts。
3.Sandy always drinks some (西红柿)and egg soup for supper.
【答案】tomato
【分析】考查名词西红柿的拼写。句意为Sandy总是晚饭时喝一些西红柿鸡蛋汤。tomato为西红柿。
4.If people don’t have enough food to eat,they will go .
【答案】hungry
【分析】考查句意的理解。句意为如果人们没有足够的事物吃,他们会变饿。go hungry为变得饥饿的。
5.They often (to buy or find things of a special kind and keep them as a hobby)seashells by the seashore at weekends.
【答案】collect
【分析】考动词收集的英文释义。to buy or find things of a special kind and keep them as a hobby表示买或者找到一种特殊的东西作为爱好,即为收集,所以答案为collect。
A. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺
two
life
interest
child
much
1.We should love our because they are from our parents.
【答案】lives
【分析】考查life生命的复数形式。句意为我们应该爱护我们的生命,因为他们是父母给予我们的。主语we是复数,所以生命要用复数形式lives。
2.Students must spend time on English if they want to learn it better.
【答案】more
【分析】考查much的比较级形式。句意为学生们如果想要把英语学得更好,必须花更多时间在英语上。spend time on sth表示花时间在某事上,much的比较级为more。
3.Think before you make a decision(决定).
【答案】twice
【分析】考查two的相关形式变化。句意为在你做决定之前要三思。固定搭配think twice表示三思而行。
4.The trip to the museum makes the student in the history of Nantong.
【答案】interested
【分析】考查interest的形容词形式。句意为到博物馆的旅行让孩子们对南通的历史感兴趣。固定搭配make sb.+形容词表示让某人……,interest的形容词形式为interested感兴趣的。
5.We want to buy some Christmas presents different from those .
【答案】children’s
【分析】考查child的复数形式的所有格。句意为我们想买一些和那些孩子们的礼物不同的圣诞礼物。child的复数形式为children,其所有格形式为children’s。
A. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺
come
not be
have
watch
plan
6.Each of the students in our class an Ipad now.
【答案】has
【分析】考查动词的时态和三单形式。句意为现在我们班每一个学生都有一个IPad。表示目前的状态用一般现在时,主语each为三单形式,所以答案为has。
7.--- they to go on a trip to Beijing next month?---Yes,they are.
【答案】Are;planning
【分析】考查动词的时态和现在分词形式。句意为他们在计划下个月去北京的旅行吗?是的。计划北京之行这件事正在发生,所以用现在进行时。
8.Children, too much TV isn’t good for your eyes.
【答案】watching
【分析】考查动名词做主语。句意为孩子们,看太多电视对你们的眼镜不好。主语为看太多电视这件事,所以需要使用动名词做主语,所以答案为watching。
9.Unhealthy food like hamburgers good for our health.
【答案】isn’t
【分析】考查be动词的否定形式。句意为不健康的事物像是汉堡包,对我们的健康不好。主语为unhealthy food是三单,be good for为对…有好处,所以需要使用is的否定形式,因此答案为isn’t。
10.Look!Here the two boys in black.
【答案】come
【分析】考查倒装句。句意为看!两个穿黑衣服的男孩过来了。Here come……为倒装句,主语为the two boys为复数,所以答案为come。
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