牛津译林七年级上册句子结构专题梳理 7页

牛津译林七年级上册句子结构专题梳理 知识点一（词性）‎ ‎【知识梳理】 ‎ ‎1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。He likes watch TV.‎ ‎2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)，简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成，可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 He likes watch TV.‎ ‎2)，复合谓语：情态动词/不定式 I can speak English. He asks me to write a letter.‎ ‎3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。 I am a teacher.‎ 例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩）/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy ‎ ‎4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We all like play basketball ‎. 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me a gift.‎ 例：The boy needs a pen.（主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen. ）‎ 5、 定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。‎ 形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。‎ A、形容词作定语： ｛定语置前｝‎ The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 ‎ Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 ‎ There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 ‎ B、数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 ‎ The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 ‎ There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 ‎ C、代词或名词所有格作定语：｛定语置前｝ ‎ His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 ‎ His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 ‎ There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 ‎ D、名词作定语： ｛定语置前｝‎ The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 ‎ It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 ‎ There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 ‎ E、介词短语作定语： ｛定语置后｝‎ The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 ‎ The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 ‎ There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 ‎ F、副词作定语： ｛定语置后｝‎ The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 ‎ The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。 ‎ G、不定式作定语： ｛定语置后｝‎ The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 ‎ There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。 ‎ ‎（注意：副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.）‎ H、分词（短语）作定语：｛定语置后｝ ‎ The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 ‎ The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 ‎ There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩的钢笔。 ‎ ‎（但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.）‎ 5、 状语 ‎.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 ‎ 有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.' ‎ 副词（短语）作状语： ｛状语置后｝‎ The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语） ‎ The boy needs very much the pen bought by his ‎ mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置） ‎ The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（不确定程度状语置于动词之前） ‎ The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语） ‎ 介词短语作状语：｛强调状语置前｝‎ In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语） ‎ Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) ‎ On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) ‎ 分词（短语）作状语：｛状语置后｝ ‎ He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态） ‎ Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语，强调置前） ‎ Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语） ‎ 不定式作状语： ‎ The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语置前） ‎ To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. （目的状语强调时置前）‎ 名词作状语： ｛状语置后｝‎ Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）‎ 5、 补语 用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作。作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。 因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...)，ask(请)等等。我们不能说：我们使我们的祖国；应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这时，“美丽的（beautiful)”做补语，说明祖国的状态。‎ We will make our country more beautiful.‎ 宾补 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的。 ‎ I know you are a student good at maths.(在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语) I know you are student who is good at maths.(宾语补语也可以是句子) I see you crossing the street.(还可以是-ing 形式)‎ ‎【例题精讲】‎ 例1.‎ 一. 写出句子结构 ‎1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you ‎ ‎3. All of us found him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. ‎ ‎5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． ‎ ‎7. ---I love you more than her，child． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. ‎ ‎9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. ‎ ‎11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students like his teaching ‎ ‎13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. ‎ ‎15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful. ‎ ‎17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．18. She showed us her many of her pictures. ‎ ‎19. The old man lives a lonely life. ‎ ‎20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 ‎ ‎3.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ‎ ‎5.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 6.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语 ‎ ‎7.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 ‎ ‎9.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ‎ ‎11.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ‎ ‎13.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ‎ ‎15.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ‎ ‎17.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ‎ ‎19.主语 ＋ 不及物动词 20.主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺。‎ eight wish we big grandparent ‎1.Don't forget to bring my best_______ to your teachers.‎ ‎2.Mary and her family live on the _______ floor.‎ ‎3.I usually have dinner at my________ home to celebrate New Year's Day.‎ ‎4.The woman in white is our new teacher. She teaches______ Math.‎ ‎5.Which pencil box is______ , the red one or the blue one?‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ wishes eighth grandparents’ us bigger ‎【变式练习】‎ ‎ potato they child easy twelve ‎ 6. Mary and I live on the same floor.We are on the floor.‎ 7. With the help of my teacher,I spelled these English words .‎ 8. On Day,we usually have a party and give gifts to each other.‎ 9. Look!Jack and Tom are sitting there and the boy between is my cousin Simon.‎ 10. ‎--What do you have for dinner,Amy?‎ ‎ --I have some noodles and .They are very delicious. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ twelfth easily Children’s them potatoes ‎ ‎ 课后练习 任务型阅读 There is shopping mall near my home. This afternoon, after I finish my homework, I go shopping with my friends. (l)We go there by bike. There are many people in the mall during装 订 线 内 请 勿 答 题 the weekend. There are many kinds of shops there.‎ I like(2)b , so I go to the bookshop. Lucy goes to the clothes shop and Mary goes to the CD shop because she loves pop music.‎装 订 线 内 请 勿 答 题 About one hour later, we get what we want and come out. But when we get to the gate of the mall, Lucy says that she can't find her purse and (3) there are three hundred yuan and some cards in it. We call the police at once. But until now, Lucy doesn't get her purse back.‎ ‎1. 对（1）处句子的划线部分提问 We go there by bike. ‎ ‎2. 根据（2)处首字母填写一个正确的单词。I like (2) b , so I go to the bookshop.‎ ‎3. 将（3）处句子改为否定句-‎ There are three hundred yuan and some cards in it.‎ ‎ ‎ 任务（二）根据所给短义冋答问题：‎ ‎4.What do we do after Lucy can't find her purse?‎ 答案：1.How do you go there?‎ ‎2.books ‎3.There aren’t three hundred yuan and any cards in it.‎ ‎ 4.We call the police at once.‎