初一英语阅读理解习题含答案 41页

The day was like any other day in his life, Tom walked past the shop on the street comer. He stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted very much were still there. Looking down, he felt sorry for himself. He really wanted to have them for his birthday.‎ He sadly walked away and thought how to tell his mother about it. He knew she would give him anything he liked if she could. But he also knew very well she had little money. He decided not to go home at once, as he looked worried and his mother would notice (注意) it. So he went to the park and sat on the grass. Then he saw a boy in a wheel chair (轮椅) . He noticed that the boy moved the wheel with his hands. Tom looked at him carefully and was surprised to see the boy have no feet. He looked at his own feet. “It's much better to be without shoes than without feet, ” he thought. There was no reason (理由) for him to feel so sorry and sad. He sent away and smiled, thinking he was happier.‎ ‎1．Tom passed the shop______.‎ ‎　　A．on foot ‎　　B．by bus ‎　　C．by bike ‎ ‎　　D．in a car ‎2．Why did Tom stop in front of the shop? Because he wanted______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．to buy the shoes ‎　　B．to look at the shoes he liked ‎　　C．to look at the shoes in the shop window ‎　　D．to look at the shoes on the front row ‎3．The pair of shoes he liked was ______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．too expensive ‎　　B．quite cheap ‎　　C．not there ‎　　D．not sold yet ‎4．Tom went into the park because he______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．was thinking how to tell his mother about it ‎　　B．wanted to see the boy ‎　　C．didn't want to make his mother worried ‎　　D．he felt sad ‎5．From the story we can know that Tom______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．liked new shoes very much ‎　　B．loved his mother best ‎　　C．didn't want to go to school ‎　　D．didn't want to stay at home ‎<2>‎ People sometimes like to read stories of dogs very much. They think that dogs are much cleverer than cats, sheep, cows or other animals in their homes.‎ One of my close friends, Bob, has a very large police dog named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon, Bob and Jack have a walk in the park nearby. Jack likes these walks very much. One Sunday afternoon, I paid a visit to my friend. I stayed there for a long time and my friend and I had much more talk with each other than ever before. Soon it was time for them to take a walk in the park. We forgot that. Jack became worried about it. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of me and looked at me. But I still paid no attention (注意) to him. I went on talking with my friend. At last, Jack could not wait any longer. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down in front of me again. But this time, he held my hat in his mouth. Suddenly, I understood what Jack meant and so did my friend.‎ ‎1．How many people are there in this story?______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．One ‎　　B．Two ‎　　C．Three ‎　　D．Four ‎2．Jack______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．is a close friend of mine ‎　　B．enjoys long walks in the park every Sunday afternoon ‎　　C．has many close friends ‎　　D．enjoys talks in the room ‎3．Jack was worried because______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．he wanted to eat something ‎　　B．it was Sunday afternoon again ‎　　C．he was not feeling well ‎　　D．he wanted his master (主人) to take him for a walk ‎4．Jack took my hat in his mouth to show that______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．I should leave the house at once ‎　　B．he liked my hat very much ‎　　C．he was hungry and he tried to eat it ‎　　D．he wanted to have a rest ‎5．Which of the following is true?______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．When Jack and I were talking, my friend didn't pay any attention to us ‎　　B．When I was talking to my friend, Jack didn't pay any attention to us ‎　　C．When my friend and I were talking, we didn't pay any attention to Jack ‎　　D．When my friend was talking to Jack, I paid attention to them ‎<3>‎ Peter was a small boy. He lived with his parents in a small house near some hills. The people there were all poor.‎ One night it was very dry and windy.‎ When everybody was asleep, Peter suddenly heard some noise. It came out from the kitchen (厨房). He got up and walked to the kitchen. He found that the wood beside the stove (火炉) was burning . There was no water tap (水龙头) in the house , so he could not put out (扑灭) the fire . He shouted loudly to wake up everyone in the house. Then he ran out of his house and knocked on the doors of many houses to wake the people up. They all left their houses quickly. ‎ At last the fire was put out by the firemen. Many houses were burnt. But nobody was burnt in the fire.‎ ‎1．Peter lived with his______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．sisters ‎　　B．brothers ‎　　C．uncles ‎　　D．parents ‎2．One night he found that______ beside the stove was burning. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．the table ‎　　B．the wood ‎　　C．the door ‎　　D．the window ‎3．______, so he could not put out the fire. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．Everybody was asleep ‎　　B．He couldn't shout loudly ‎　　C．The kitchen was very big ‎　　D．there was no water tap in the house ‎4．Peter knocked on the doors of many houses______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．to wake the people up ‎　　B．to get some water ‎　　C．to find his classmates ‎　　D．to visit them ‎5．______hurt in the fire. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．People in other houses were ‎　　B．Peter's parents were ‎　　C．Nobody was ‎　　D．Peter was ‎<4>‎ ‎“You're just in time, Joe. We're going to play cowboys（牛仔） and Indians, and you can be the Indians. ” One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said.‎ ‎“How many Indians?” I asked.‎ ‎“Oh, about a thousand. ” He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians. Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind. The shouts of “After them. Let's catch the killers!” and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car．‎ ‎“We've got him, boys. Let's go and catch him!”‎ But no one wanted to come to get me. All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with. It was quiet outside. And I went out of the car to have a look.‎ Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope（绳子）, and we can burn him. ”‎ ‎“Only Indians burn people. Cowboys.” I stopped just in time. I had almost said, “Cowboys hang（绞死）people. ”‎ I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, “We're leaving now. ”‎ ‎“Untie me.” I shouted. ”We're going.‎ ‎“Why did Bobby want matches（火柴）?” Mum asked when we were in the car. “He was asking Dad whether he had any. ”‎ ‎“oh, he was just going t matches? MATCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches”‎ Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more.‎ ‎1．How many children played the Indians? [ ]‎ ‎　　A．One thousand ‎　　B．One hundred ‎　　C．One group ‎　　D．One ‎2．Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．there were not enough children four the game ‎　　B．the game was just going to start ‎　　C．none of his cousins wanted to be the Indians ‎　　D．they were waiting for Joe ‎3．Joe didn't say “Cowbays hang people.” Because______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．he was tied to a tree ‎　　B．that would make things worse ‎　　C．he was caught by the cowboys ‎　　D．that would make the cowboys angry ‎4．Which of the following is TRUE? [ ]‎ ‎　　A．One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches.‎ ‎　　B．Dad didn't want to give the children any matches.‎ ‎　　C．Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father.‎ ‎　　D．Mum didn't think children should play with matches.‎ ‎5．The name of the story should he“______.” [ ]‎ ‎　　A．Joe and his cousins ‎　　B．Who knows what danger is waiting there ‎　　C．Cowboys and Indians is a favourite children's game ‎　　D．How cowboys and Indians fought in the past ‎<5>‎ A very new, young officer was at a station. He was on his way to visit his mother in another town, and he wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of this train , so that she could meet him at the station in her car．He look in all his pockets, but round that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went outside and looked around for someone to help him.‎ At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, “Have you got change（零钱） for ten pence（便士）?”‎ ‎“Wait a moment, ” the old soldier answered. He began to put his hand in his pock- et, “I'll see whether I can help you. ”‎ ‎“Don't you know how to speak to an officer?” the young man said angrily. “Now let's start again. Have you got change for ten pence? ”‎ ‎“No, sir,” the old soldier answered quickly.‎ ‎1．The young officer and his mother lived______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．in the same town ‎　　B．in different places ‎　　C．in another town ‎　　D．in the other town ‎2．The young officer Wanted to telephone his mother to tell her______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．that he was going to visit her ‎　　B．where his train would leave for ‎　　C．what time his train would arrive at the station ‎　　D．that he was then at the station ‎3．He looked around for help because he______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．had no money to make the phone call ‎　　B．did not know where to make the phone call ‎　　C．needed some change for the phone call ‎　　D．wanted to get change from the old soldier ‎4．The young officer was angry because he thought the old soldier______. [ ]‎ ‎　　A．was polite to him ‎　　B．was not polite to him ‎　　C．didn't know how to speak to him ‎　　D．didn't like to help him at all ‎5．Which of the following is not true? [ ]‎ ‎　　A．Both the young officer and the old soldier were angry.‎ ‎　　B．The young officer wanted his mother to meet him at the station.‎ ‎　　C．He wanted the old soldier to speak to him in a polite way.‎ ‎　　D．He didn't know the soldier before.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1．ABDCB 2．BBDAC 3．DBDAC 4．DCBAB 5．BCCBA ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 教学目标：‎ ‎1、学习本课生词及用法 ‎2、掌握并运用过去完成时 教学重点及难点：过去完成时的理解及运用 教学手段：多媒体课件 教学过程 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 ‎ 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。‎ ‎----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->‎ 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 ‎ ‎　　构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 　　They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. ‎ ‎　　She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. ‎ 二、过去完成时的判断依据 ‎ ‎1. 由时间状语来判定 ‎ 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： ‎ ‎（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： ‎ I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ‎ ‎（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： ‎ We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： ‎ They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. ‎ ‎2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 ‎ 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： ‎ ‎（ 1 ）宾语从句中 ‎ ‎　　当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： ‎ ‎　　She said that she had seen the film before. ‎ ‎　　（ 2 ）状语从句中 ‎ ‎　　在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： ‎ ‎　　When I got to the station, the train had already left. ‎ ‎　　After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. ‎ ‎　　注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： ‎ ‎　　Where did you study before you came here? ‎ After he closed the door, he left the classroom. ‎ ‎（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" 　　 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.‎ ‎　　3. 根据上、下文来判定。 ‎ ‎　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.‎ 三、过去完成时的主要用法　 ‎ ‎　　1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如： ‎ When I woke up, it had stopped raining. ‎ 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） ‎ ‎　　2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： ‎ ‎　　He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) ‎ ‎　　3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： ‎ ‎　　Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 ‎ ‎　　Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. ‎ ‎　　4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： ‎ ‎　　By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）‎ 四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 ‎ ‎　　现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： ‎ I have learned 1000 English words so far. ‎ 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 ‎ I had learned 1000 English words till then.‎ 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 ‎ ‎— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 ‎ ‎— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. ‎ 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） ‎ ‎— John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 ‎ ‎— Where had he been? ‎ 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”） ‎ 五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 ‎ ‎　　虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：　　　1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较： ‎ ‎　　They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. ‎ ‎　　They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. ‎ ‎　　2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如： ‎ ‎　　She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. ‎ ‎　　3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如： ‎ ‎　　He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. ‎ I (had) called her before I left the office.‎ 英语过去完成时重难点实例讲解 ‎ 要掌握好英语过去完成时，最关键的一点是要掌握它的含义。现在很多的文章在讲解过去完成时的时候，都用了一句流行的说法，叫“过去的过去”。虽然这样的概括点明了过去完成时的要点，但究竟什么才叫“过去的过去”呢？如果不搞清它的含义，只是去记住什么时间状语(如：before, by, until , when, after等)，或者记住哪些动词常用于过去完成时等等，是不能很好掌握过去完成时的。 ‎ 一、重点 ‎ 英语中，已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作，为什么还有过去完成时呢？要记住：过去完成时的关键概念是：假设在过去发生了两件(或以上)的事件，一件是A事件，另一件是B事件，如果A、B两个事件几乎是同时发生的，那就用一般过去时；但是，如果A、B两个事件不是同时发生的，怎么办呢？那就是：哪个事件先发生，就用过去完成时；哪个事件后发生，就用过去完成时。在上面的假设中，如果A事件先发生，A就用过去完成时；如果B事件先发生，B就用过去完成时；而不管两件事是用什么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的。 ‎ 请看例句： ‎ ‎［例1］She said (that) she had never been to Paris. ［例2］When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. ［例3］We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. ［例4］Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. ［例5］The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. ‎ 在上面的五个例子中，我们只要稍微分析一下，就可以发现：每个例子讲述的内容中，都包含着两个(或以上)在过去发生的事件。我们将两件事抽取出来看一下，就非常明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后发生的： ［例1］……said…… had never been to  (先没有“去”，后“说”) ［例2］……arrived……had run away. (先“跑”了，后“到”) ［例3］…… had hoped ……would come……didn't (先“希望”，后才发生“没去”) ［例4］……was disappointed……had left ……arrived (先“离开”，后“到达”和“失望”) ［例5］……were writing……went ……had left  (先“离开”，后“到”和“写”) ‎ 二、难点 ‎ 过去完成时的难点在于：有时候一句话中并没有出现两个事件，因此无法比较两个事件的先后。那为什么也用过去完成时呢？请看下面的例句： ‎ ‎［例1］By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.　 实际上，在上面的例句中，仍然有着“先、后”之分的。不过，这次不是A、B两件事件的先后，而是有两个过去时间的“先、后”关系。 ‎ 首先，句子中有个明确的过去时间点：12岁。说他“12岁”，显然是过去式。那么，紧接着说“他已经开始谋生了”，这个“谋生”是发生在“12岁”时，还是“12岁”前，还是“12岁”后？答案是肯定的：他的“谋生”发生在“12岁”之前!也就是说，“12岁”已经是一般过去时，而在“12岁”之前发生的事，当然是过去完成时。所以，在那么多表示时间状语的词中，大家要特别注意By、Until等的用法。可以说，在讲述过去的事件中，如果出现By……时间状语，很有可能要用过去完成时了。(当然，我说的是很有可能。) ‎ 类似的时间表达方式还有Until、Before等。只要大家把握了过去完成时的基本含义，不管句子怎么变化，应该没有多大的问题。例如： ‎ ‎［例2］Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six month. ‎ 此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有个明确的过去时间点"then"(那时)，而"hadn't heard"发生在then之前(包括then)。所以此句用的是过去完成时。 ‎ 再举两个例子，请大家自己分析： ［例3］We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. ［例4］I waited until he had finished his homework. ［例5］We had got to the station before 10:00.‎ 过去完成时练习和分析 ‎［提示］请先阅读本站的文章“过去完成时重难点实例讲解”，然后完成下列练习。‎ ‎       汉译英 ‎      1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？       2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。       3.十点钟前，我们到达了车站。 ‎ ‎      4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。       5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。             ［参考答案］       1.  How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?       ［注］两个时间点的比较。       2. By yesterday evening, he had read the text three times.       ［注］两个时间点的比较。       3. We had got to the station before 10:00.       ［注］两个时间点的比较。       4. He had learned two hundred English words before he went to middle school.       ［注］两个事件的比较。       5.When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.       ［注］两个事件的比较。       ★哈佛大学★英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。‎ 官方网站：http://hafo.yeryy.com/ ‎ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。 ‎ 一、多“说”。 ‎ 自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……‎ 这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。 ‎ 或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。 ‎ 如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。 ‎ 二、多“听” ‎ 寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。 ‎ 三、多“读”。 ‎ ‎“读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。 另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。 ‎ 四、多“写” ‎ 有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”‎ 的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下： ‎ The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. ‎ 只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。 ‎ 学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。 ‎ 背英语单词技巧 ‎ ‎ Unit 1‎ ‎1、 People won’t use money. Everything will be free.人们不会再用钱了，一切都是免费的 ‎2、 People will live to be 200 years old.人们会活到200岁的。‎ ‎3、 Kids won’t go to school. They’ll study at home on computers.孩子们不会去上学了，他们会呆在家里学习 ‎5、There will be fewer trees.会有更少的树 ‎6、There will be less pollution.会有更少的污染 ‎7、What do you think Sally will be in five years?你认为Sally10年后会干什么呢？‎ ‎8、I think she’ll be a doctor.我认为他会成为一名医生的 ‎9、I fall in love with Shanghai.我爱上了上海 ‎10、I don’t like living alone.我不喜欢独自居住 ‎11、I will be able to dress more casually.我会穿得更随意些 ‎12、Predicting the future can be difficult.预测未来可能是难得 ‎13、They do simple jobs over and over again.他们一遍遍地作简单的工作 Unit 2‎ ‎1, My parents want me to stay at home every night. ‎ ‎ 我的父母每晚都想让我呆在家里。‎ ‎2、I don’t have enough money.‎ ‎ 我没有足够的钱。‎ ‎3、I argued with my best friend.‎ 我与我最好的朋友吵架了。‎ ‎4、My clothes are out of style.‎ ‎ 我的衣服过时了，‎ ‎5、I don't want to surprise him. ‎ ‎ 我不想让他惊异。‎ ‎6、You could give him a ticket to a ball game.‎ 你能给我一张球赛票。‎ ‎7、You could have a bake sale ‎ ‎ 你可以卖些烧烤食品 ‎8、I think you should get a part-time job 我认为你应该找一份兼职工作 ‎9、Everyone else in my class was invited except me ‎ 除了我，班里别的任一个同学都被邀请了 ‎10、My cousin is the same age as me ‎ 我的表兄的与我年龄一样大 ‎11、I don't want to have a fight with my cousin 我不想与我的表兄弟争吵 ‎12、Parents seem to push their children a lot more 父母们好像逼迫他们的孩子们更多 ‎13、They are always comparing them with other children 他们一直将他们与别的孩子做比较 Unit 3‎ ‎1、What were you doing when the UFO arrived?‎ 当UFO 到达时，学生们正在干什么？‎ ‎2、I was standing in front of the library 我正站在图书馆的前面 ‎3、When the UFO took off , the man was taking photos 当UFO 起飞的时候，这个人正在拍照 ‎4、I had a very unusual experience on Sunday ‎ 星期天，我有一个十分不寻常的经历 ‎5、I followed it to see where it was going ‎6、Isn't that amazing!‎ 太令人惊异了!‎ ‎7、You're kidding!‎ 你在开玩笑！‎ ‎8、His friends walked home together in silence 他的朋友们默默的一起步行回家了 Unit4‎ ‎1、She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night ‎ 她说她要在周五晚上为Lana举行一个令人意外的聚会 ‎2、I'm mad at Marcia ‎ 我生 Marcia 的气了 ‎3、I'm hard-working.‎ ‎ 我是努力工作的 ‎4、In English I'm reading than listening 在英语方面，我更擅长读、听 ‎5、How's it going?‎ ‎ 近况如何？‎ ‎6、I hope you are in good health 我希望你健康 ‎7、I finished my end-of-year exams ‎ 我结束了我的期末考试 ‎8、I can open up my students' eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life 我能让学生面向外面的世界开阔眼界，并且给他们一个好的生活的开端。‎ Unit 5‎ ‎1、I think I'm going to go to the party with Karen and Ann ‎ 我想我打算与Karen 和Ann 一起去参加聚会 ‎2、If you do , you'll have a great time ‎ 如果你做的话，你会玩的很高兴的 ‎3、When is a good time to have the party?‎ 什么时候开晚会合适？‎ ‎4、If we have it today, half the class won't come ‎ 如果我们今天举行的话，一般学生不会来的 ‎5、I want you to remember the rules for school parties ‎ 我想让你去记得学校聚会的规则 ‎6、Don't bring food to the party If you do , the teachers will take it away .‎ ‎ 不准带食物到聚会中，如果你做的话，老师会将它拿走的 ‎7、For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job ‎ 对许多年轻人来说，成为一名专业运动员看起来好像是一份梦想的工作 ‎8、You will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are ‎ ‎ 你了解谁是你真正的朋友是困难的 Unit 6‎ ‎1、How long have you been skating?‎ 你滑冰多长时间了？‎ ‎ 2、I've been skating for five hours .‎ 我已经滑了五个小时了 ‎ 3、When did you get your first pair of skating ?‎ 你什么时候买的第一双滑冰鞋？‎ ‎ 4、Students are skating to raise money for charity 学生们正在为慈善团体捐款 ‎5Alision was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours ‎ Alison 是第一个开始的人，并且已经滑了整整五个小时 ‎6、How long have you been playing ?你打了多长时间了？‎ ‎7、Three and a half years 三年半 ‎8、thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster谢谢你送给我怪物冰雪球 ‎9、We've run out of room to store them 我们已经用完了储存他们的空间 ‎10、If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me ‎ 如果你认识一些收集他们的一些人的话，请告诉我 ‎11This is on interesting city with a very colorful history 这是一个拥有丰富多彩历史的有趣的城市 ‎12、I'm certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008 !‎ 我确信我会一直呆到2008年奥运会的 Unit7.‎ ‎1.Would you mind turning down the music? 你介意把音乐关小 ‎ ‎2.No,not at all. 一点也不 ‎ 3.Would you mind not playing baseball here? 你介意不在这里打棒球吗？‎ ‎ 4.Sorry. I'll do it right away. 对不起，我马上去做。‎ ‎ 5.Nncy,would you mind getting out of the bathroom? 南希，你能不能从浴室出来。‎ ‎ 6.OK, I'll them in a minute. 好的，我立刻去做。‎ ‎ 7.If you finish these tasks, we can go to a move tonight. 如果你完成这些任务，我们今晚可以去看电影 ‎ 8.Your barber gave you a terrible haircut. 我的发型师给你理了一个很糟糕的发型。‎ ‎ 9.The store clerk gave you the wrong size. 店员给你量错尺寸了。‎ ‎ 10.The waitress brought you the wrong food. 服务员给你上错菜了。‎ ‎ 11.The pen you bought didn't work. 你买的钢笔坏了。‎ ‎ 12.I don't like waiting in line when a say shop assistant has a long telephone conversation. 我不喜欢排队等候时售货员却在电话上长谈。‎ ‎ 13.I get annoyed when someone thanks to me while I'm reading. 当我看书时。有人跟我说话我会生气。‎ ‎ 14.In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public. 事实上，我们也应该注意不要在公共场合大声咳嗽好打喷嚏。‎ ‎ 15.If we see someone breaking the rules of etiquette, we may politely give ‎ them some suggestion. 如果我们看到有人违反礼节规则，我们可以有礼貌的给他们一些建议。‎ Unit8.‎ ‎1.What should I get my mom for her birthday? 妈妈过时生日我应该送什么？‎ ‎ 2.How about a scarf? 围巾怎么样？‎ ‎ 3.No, what's too boring. 不，那太乏味了。‎ ‎ 4.What's the best gift you have ever received? 你曾经收到的最好的礼物是什么？‎ ‎ 5.Who gave it to you? 谁送个你的？‎ ‎ 6.However, life with a pig isn't always perfect. 然而和一头猪在一起生活并不总是那么如意 ‎ 7.Some presents are never too small. 一些礼物从来不会太小 ‎ 8.Thesame gift may be give away to someone else. 这份礼物可能以后被赠送给其他人。‎ ‎ 9.Some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts 一些人不让他们的家人和朋友买礼物，而是请他们把钱捐到慈善机构。‎ ‎ 10.Today many Chinese people want to improve their English in different ways. 如今许多中国人想以不同的方式提高他们的英语水平。‎ ‎ 11.Nearly all the singers sang very clearly and looked comfortable on stage. 几乎所有的歌手演唱的都非常流畅清晰，并且在舞台上表现的落落大方。‎ ‎ 12.The winner of the men’s competition was a 40-year-old man from Xi'an. 男子组比赛的冠军是一位来自西安的四十岁的男子。‎ ‎ 13.It suggests way for Beijing to take an interest in learning English. 它向北京人推荐了对学习英语产生兴趣的方法。‎ ‎ 14.Maybe you could even make friend with a native speaker of English. 也许你甚至还可以同以英语为母语的人交朋友 Unit9.‎ ‎1.Have you ever been to an amusement park? 你去过游乐园啊？‎ ‎ 2.Me neither. Let's go to Water City tomorrow. 我也没去过，明天我们去水城把。‎ ‎ 3.Disneyland is an amusement park, but we can also call it a theme park. 迪斯尼乐园是一座游乐园，但是我们还可以把它称为主题公园。‎ ‎ 4.The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place. That is Disney's own island. 游船会有不同的进行路线，但它们都到达同一个目的地。那里是迪斯尼自己的小路。‎ ‎ 5.When I was a young girl, all I ever wanted to do was travel, and I decided that the best way to do this was to become a flight attendant. 当我还是小女孩时，我想做的就是旅行，我认为现实这个愿望最好的方法是成为一名空姐。‎ ‎ 6.I discovered that the most important requirement was to speak English well. 我发现最重要的一个要求是讲一口流利的英语，‎ ‎ 7. It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 正应为我会讲英语我才拥有了这份工作。‎ ‎ 8. For many Chinese tourists, this small is land in Southeast Asia is a wonderful plea to take a holiday. 对于所有中国游客来说，这个位于东南亚的笑道是一个度假的好地方 ‎ 9.If you're feeling Drave, Singapore is an excellent place to try new food. 如果你自我感觉很勇敢，那么新加坡也是一个品尝新食品的好地方。‎ ‎ 10.One great thing about Singapore is than the temperature is almost the same all year round. 有关新加坡一件很棒的事情就是一年到头气温几乎保持不变。‎ Unit10.‎ ‎1.I hope so. 我希望如此 ‎ 2.It sure is. But it's a little hot for me. 的确如此。但对我来说有点热 ‎ 3.Theie prices are really low. aren't they? 他们的价格确实低廉，不是吗？‎ ‎ 4.How much did that shirt cost? 那件衬衫多少钱？‎ ‎ 5.Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。‎ ‎ 6.I feel like part of the group now. 我现在感觉像是这个集体的一员了 ‎ 7.He's really good at math, isn't he? 他的数学真的很棒，不是吗 ‎ 8.Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有你们这样朋友（对我来说）去适应这种新环境就容易多了。‎ ‎ 9.You’'ve been waiting for ten minutes. 你已经了十分钟了 ‎ 10.Everyone is here, aren't they ? 大家都来了，是不是?‎ ‎ 11.Something is wrong with your bike, isn't it? 你的自行车坏了，是不是?‎ ‎ ‎ 英语语学习辅导篇：初二册（上）动词时态全搜索 A篇时态档案 ‎　　1.一般现在时 ‎　　[概念解说] ‎ ‎　　一般现在时表示现在的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。其谓语动词第三人称单数要在词尾加"-s或-es"，其余用原形。与它形影不离、亲密无间的频度副词和时间状语有often, always，sometimes, usually, every day等。‎ ‎　　[用法点击] ‎ ‎　　1)表示现在存在的习惯、经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如：‎ ‎　　Lucy works very hard. ‎ ‎　　2)表示客观真理或事实。如：‎ ‎　　The earth moves around the sun. ‎ ‎　　3)表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。这时的谓语动词一般是一些表示位置转移或有开始意义的词。例如：‎ ‎　　The meeting starts at seven tomorrow. ‎ ‎　　4)在here, there开头的句子中，常用一般现在时取代现在进行时。如：‎ ‎　　There goes the bell! ‎ ‎　　2.现在进行时 ‎　　[概念解说] ‎ ‎　　表示现在正在进行的动作。其构成形式是：am / is / are + doing ‎ ‎　　[用法点击] ‎ ‎　　1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如：‎ ‎　　What is he doing in the next room at the moment? ‎ ‎　　2)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：‎ ‎　　Mr Green is writing a book these days. ‎ ‎　　3)表示按计划即将发生的事情，常与go, come, leave等词连用。如：‎ ‎　　The train is leaving for Beijing soon. ‎ ‎　　4)现在进行时与always连用，还可表示赞叹、厌烦、表扬、批评等不同情感。如：‎ ‎　　Joy is always helping others. (表扬) ‎ ‎　　3.一般过去时 ‎　　[概念解说] ‎ ‎　　表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，讲述过去的事实。与一般过去时不见不散的"close friends"有yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year / month / night / week, just now, two days ago, then, in 1999 / 1988等。‎ ‎　　[用法点击] ‎ ‎　　1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。如：‎ ‎　　John had a birthday party last Monday. ‎ ‎　　2)表示过去连续发生的一连串动作。如：‎ ‎　　Mother went to a bookshop and bought an English dictionary for me this morning. ‎ ‎　　3)表示过去某一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作。如：‎ ‎　　When I was young, I always played football after school. ‎ ‎　　4.一般将来时 ‎　　[概念解说] ‎ ‎　　一般将来时表示在将来某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与表示将来的时间状语如soon, tomorrow, next week, in a few days, the day after tomorrow等合作。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1、-ing分词的构成 ‎ ‎-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：‎ 一般式 完成式 主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done 被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done ‎-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如：‎ Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.‎ 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。‎ His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。‎ ‎2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式：‎ ‎-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：‎ Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。‎ Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。‎ ‎3. -ing分词的被动式：‎ ‎-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：‎ The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。‎ Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。‎ 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：‎ Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。‎ This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。‎ ‎4. -ing分词的语法作用 ‎ ‎-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。‎ ‎1)–ing分词（短语）作主语：‎ Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。‎ Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。‎ 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。‎ ‎①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：‎ It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。‎ It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。‎ ‎②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如：‎ There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。‎ There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。‎ ‎2) -ing分词（短语）作表语：‎ His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。‎ The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。‎ ‎3) -ing分词作宾语：‎ ‎①–ing分词作动词宾语。如：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。‎ We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。‎ ‎②-ing分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如：‎ I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。‎ Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？‎ ‎③-ing分词作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：‎ I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。‎ They don’t feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路。‎ 此类短语还有很多。如：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, be responsible for（对……负责）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑，想到）, dream of（梦想）, object to（反对，抗议）, hear of（听说）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from（防止，阻止）, stop…from（防止，阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依靠，依赖）, thank…for（因……而道谢）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（献身于）, set about（着手做）, be/get used to（习惯于）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（对……厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做……）, be interested in（对……感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对……感到羞愧）等等。‎ 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如：‎ I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。‎ He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。‎ What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚？‎ 另外，-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如：‎ He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。‎ Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.‎ 除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。‎ On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。‎ ‎4) -ing分词作定语：‎ ‎①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：‎ reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车 sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室 ‎②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：‎ Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁？‎ They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。‎ ‎③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:‎ The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.‎ 歌词一般讲当前的工作，大部分是他自己写的。‎ When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。‎ ‎5) -ing分词做状语： ‎ ‎-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。‎ ‎①-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：‎ While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。‎ Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。‎ ‎②-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：‎ Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。‎ Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。‎ ‎③–ing分词短语作结果状语。如：‎ His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。‎ She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.‎ 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。‎ ‎④-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：‎ They stood there for half an hour， watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。‎ Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.‎ 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。 ‎ ‎⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：‎ Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。‎ 注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。‎ ‎⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：‎ His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。‎ Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。‎ ‎6) -ing分词作补语：‎ ‎①--ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：‎ I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.‎ 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。‎ Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.‎ 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。‎ ‎②上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如：‎ We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。‎ Lily was never heard singing that song again. 人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了。‎ ‎5. -ing分词的复合结构：‎ ‎-ing分词的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+-ing分词构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，通常在句中作主语和宾语。如：‎ His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高。‎ He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。‎ ‎6. –ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：‎ ‎1）、-ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：‎ Smoking is forbidden here. （泛指吸烟）这里禁止吸烟。‎ It’s not good for you to smoke so much. （指你吸烟）吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。‎ ‎2）. 高中阶段能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词：‎ mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑）等。‎ ‎3）. 有些动词既能接不定式，又能接-ing分词，含义有所不同。如：‎ ‎①forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作，而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。如：‎ Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？‎ Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。‎ ‎②动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语，意思也有所不同。如：‎ I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事。‎ Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗？‎ I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。‎ Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。‎ Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.‎ 做完练习以后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。‎ ‎③动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。如： ‎ Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话。‎ We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。‎ ‎④动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式。如：‎ The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫。‎ These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.‎ 这些小孩需要细心地照料。‎ ‎⑤动词like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性动作，多用-ing分词；如指特定的具体的某次动作，多用不定式。如： ‎ I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳，但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。‎ I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去学校。‎ I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。‎ ‎⑥动词begin, start后面，如表示有意识地开始做某事，常用-ing分词，否则用不定式更多一些。如：‎ We began to do that job last year. 我们去年开始做那工作的。 ‎ They started talking about the film at once. 他们立刻开始谈论那部电影。‎ 注：下面几种情况多用不定式作宾语：‎ a. 当start, begin本身用于进行时态时。 ‎ When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents.‎ 老师走进教室的时候，他正开始写信给他的父母亲。‎ b. 当start, begin后接表示心理活动的动词时。‎ Hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem.‎ 一听到消息，他就开始考虑一个好办法来解决这个问题。‎ c. 当句子的主语是无生命的东西时。‎ We were about to leave when it began to rain. 我们正准备离开，天开始下雨了。‎ ‎7. -ing分词作表语的两种不同含义： ‎ ‎①-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。如：‎ Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子。‎ The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。‎ ‎②-ing分词作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征。如：‎ This story is very interesting. 这故事很有趣。‎ The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。‎ ‎①–ing分词作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能。如：‎ reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 鱼杆 flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台 listening practice 听力训练 ‎②-ing分词作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如：‎ developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 a growing city = a city that is growing 发展着的城市 ‎8. 不定式和-ing分词作宾语补语的区别： ‎ 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用-ing分词构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用-ing分词时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。如：‎ Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (Someone is knocking at the door.) 有人在敲门你听见了吗？‎ Do you hear someone knock at the door? (Someone knocked at the door just now.) 你听见有人敲门了吗？‎ ‎9. 高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing分词或名词。如：‎ admit to（承认）, contribute to（捐助、贡献）, get down to（着手做）, give way to（让位于），keep to （坚持、遵守）, lead to （导致）,look forward to（期待）, take to（从事）, turn to （求助于）, stick to（忠于、坚持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to （注意、处理）, be used to （习惯于）, devote oneself to （献身于）, be equal to （胜任的、等于）, be familiar to （为……熟悉）.‎ 高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词短语，如generally speaking（一般来说）, judging from…（根据……来判断）, considering…（考虑到……）, talking of…（谈到……，提到……）, supposing…（假如……）等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。如：‎ Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大。‎ Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.‎ 考虑到他是多么的穷，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。‎ ‎ ‎