牛津译林七年级上册首字母填空专题练习 8页

牛津译林七年级上册首字母填空专题练习 知识点：首字母填空 ‎【知识梳理】‎ 一、 短文填空概述 短文填空主要考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语词汇及正确拼写单词、语法的能力。这一项符合新课标所倡导的“突出语篇，强调运用，注重交际”的要求。‎ 该题型类似于完形填空，但难度高于完形填空，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。这减少了考生答题时猜题的几率，提高了试题的信度与效度。‎ 二、 短文填空技巧 短文填空题失分率较高，其原因也是较多的。有些同学或急于求成，或过于自信，或为节省时间，在未通读完全文时便匆匆答题。殊不知这样做会适得其反，达不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的。‎ 整理出的技巧有以下五种：‎ Step1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，‎ ‎　　掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎(1) 对主语的判断 ‎　　1. _______ are helpful to students. ( teach )‎ ‎　　2. _______ is more important to me than money. ( healthy )‎ ‎　　3. Some famous _______ are going to give lectures in our school in August. ( art )‎ ‎　　4. _______ is my favorite sport. ( fish )‎ ‎　　5. _______ stamps（邮票） is my hobby. ( buy )‎ ‎　　Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. artists 4. Fishing 5. Buying ‎　　分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词(1-3); 动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词(4-5)。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。‎ ‎　　【例如】‎ ‎　　The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (2) 对谓语的判断 ‎　　John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman b________ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she turned back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.”‎ ‎　　Key: came asked answered began turned said say isn’t ‎　　分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　(3) 对宾语的判断 ‎　　1. Look! Simon is showing his storybook to ________. （her）‎ ‎　　2. Last weekend, we gave _________ some postcards（明信片）. ( visit )‎ ‎　　3. Thank you for your _______. ( help )‎ ‎　　4. Let ______ show you around the house. ( he )‎ Key: 1. her 2. visitors 3. help 4. Him ‎　 分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，但是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　(4) 对表语的判断 ‎　　1. Patrick is going to be a(n) ______ when he grows up.(teach)‎ ‎　 2. Such cold weather is quite _____ in December and people have to wear warm clothes. ( usually )‎ Key: 1. teacher 2. usual ‎ 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　(5) 对定语的判断 ‎　　1. The _______ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally)‎ ‎　　2. On a _______ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly)‎ ‎　　3. At a _________ night, the old had better stay at home. (rain )‎ ‎ 4. The French artist said, “It is my _____ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one )‎ ‎　　Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) raining (4) first ‎　　分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修 ‎　　饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / music teacher。如果是动词 ‎　　的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (6) 对状语的判断 ‎　　1. She couldn't believe that she passed the exam so ______ (easy)‎ ‎　　2. Watch ______, and you will find the difference（不同） between the two pictures. ( careful )‎ ‎　　3. We mustn’t playing on the road, and we must cross the road _________. ( safe )‎ ‎　　Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely ‎　　分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　(7) 对连词的判断 ‎　　1. Work harder, a______ you’ll make great progress（取得进步） in English.‎ ‎　　2. He likes this movie t_______.‎ ‎　　3. They can go to the cinema, b______ you cannot go together because I have only one ticket.‎ ‎　　4. Can you tell me w________ you are from?‎ Key: (1)and (2) too (3) but (4) where 分析：在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , too等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 而从属连词则连接主句与从句。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　Step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　Exercise : Guess the missing word.‎ ‎　　1. ________ are helpful to students.‎ ‎　　2. ________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge（知识）.‎ ‎　　3. ________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care（关心） for them like parents.‎ ‎　　4. ________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy.‎ ‎　　分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案，1---4均为Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers。按判断主语的结论，凡名词，只要合乎逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现Books也可，继而得出结论：“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案，如：Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents…”。第二题受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，如：Teachers、Books，第三题限制更多，从“care for”判断主语只能是人，即: Teachers。第四题受healthy的限制，最好填Doctors / Nurses。‎ 以上练习说明解短文填空需要如下技能：‎ ‎　　1. 对所缺词的句子成分必须作出精确判断，然后填入正确的词性，即必须熟练掌握句子成分与词性的对应关系。‎ ‎　　2. 必须训练自己扩散性思维能力，如同猜谜，因为词义的确定依靠着对句中限制性信息的判断得出。‎ ‎　　3. 良好的语法基本功。在确定完词性与词义后，名词单复数、形容词的比较等级和动词时态的确定等等建立在良好的语法基本功之上。‎ ‎　‎ ‎　Step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段 ‎　　Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_______ the school soon. The s_______ in his class ‎ have given h______ a lot of p_______. Among t______ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most students m______ the cards by themselves.‎ ‎　　Photos will h_____ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_________ when he was with his students. Next week, t________ will have a p_______ to s ______ goodbye to him.‎ ‎　　分析：通读短文以后发现Mr. Wu 是一位老师。从old 可推断他不久要退休了,所以 ‎　　“l____” 应为谓语动词 leaving ;“s____” 是第三句的主语, 结合 have 判断为 students; “h______”是give 的宾语, 判断为him ;“p_____” 的内容是 cards, note-books… , 所以判断为名词presents; “t_____” 是介词among 的宾语, 应为them ; “m____” 处于make the cards 的结构中, 应为过去式made;“h_____” 位于情态动词will 之后, 应为动词原形help;“t_____” 是remember 的宾语, 并且受到happy 的修饰应为 time;“t_____” 是主语, 名词或代词 teachers / they; “p____” 是have的宾语, 前面有冠词, 所以是名词party;“s_____” 前有 to, 分析成分为目的状语 to do 即 to say。‎ Step5：熟能生巧阶段。 要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。‎ ‎【总结】做好首字母填空要注意以下几点 ‎1. 单词量。‎ ‎2.平时注意积累词组、习惯用法和固定搭配。‎ ‎3. 一定注意上下句的联系。‎ 很多情况下。你要填的单词在上文或者下文出现过了，所以说试卷中不是没有答案，而是你要有一双发现答案的眼睛。还有一个情况是在一句话中，可能会出现反义词，也就是说你要填的单词是上文或下文中一个词的反义词。‎ ‎4. 利用词性帮助判断（根据step1的方法去判断）‎ ‎5. 注意检查。‎ 有个方法可以一试， 默读， 利用语感和自己的语法知识填空。如果读着不顺，就有可能有错误。‎ ‎6.掌握文章的逻辑顺序，有利于把握文章全局。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。‎ ‎【例题精讲】‎ ‎1. ‎ My brother is a sports fan. He likes watching every kind of game. He likes basketball, football, tennis and badminton. And he does w__1____ in football. He is in his school football team. My brother is also a m__2_____ of the Football Club. He takes more exercise in the club every day. When he goes s 3 , he always buys things about sports and he often r___4_____ sports news. His school is very big and beautiful. There are many trees and flowers around it. There is a football f___5______, a tennis court and a swimming p___6______ in his school. He usually plays football w__7_____ his friends after school, and he wants to be a football p___8_____ in the future（将来）. My brother often goes to the stadium（体育场） to watch a football m___9_____ on Saturday. He doesn’t want to miss any w 10 matches.‎ ‎1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________‎ ‎6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________‎ 答案：1.well 2.member 3.shopping 4. reads 5.field 6.pool 7.with 8.player 9.match 10. wonderful ‎ ‎2.‎ I have an online friend called Suzy. After c___1____ with her on the Internet, I know that American schools are quite different from o_2____. Students in America also have many subjects like us but they don’t have so many exams. They have less homework, so they can f___3_____ their homework in a very s 4 time. They can choose（选择） any book to read if（如果） they think it is useful. But in C 5 , many students feel tired（累） b 6 they a do their homework until very late every night. They don’t have enough t_7_____ to exercise（锻炼）. They have lessons at the w___8____ , so their parents are worried（担心） about their h___9___. Every student wants to have more free time. Then they can d__10____ what they want to do.‎ ‎1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________‎ ‎6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________‎ 答案：chatting; ours; finish; short; China; because; time; weekends; health; do ‎【课堂练习】‎ ‎1.‎ Nancy is t 1 years old. And she’s one year younger than me. I’m thirteen years old. But she is t___2____ than me. She c___3_____ from the USA. ‎ Last weekend, we had a b 4 party for Nancy.We went to the shop to buy p____5____ for her. What did we buy? We bought a doll for her. When she saw it, she looked very e___6_____. Then we w___7____ to the park. We wanted to row a b__8____, but it was too late. We had to go h___9____. We h___10____ a good time on that day.‎ ‎1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________‎ ‎6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________‎ 答案：twelve；taller; comes; birthday; presents; excited; went; boat; home; had ‎2.‎ My friends and I will be b_1___ in the summer holiday. My family and I will v__2__my grandma and grandpa in London. We will s_3____ there for a month. Yang Ling’s aunt and uncle l__4___in Beijing. She will visit them this summer. She will go there by t__5___. Su Hai and her family will visit D___6_______and Ocean Park in Hong Kong. Liu Tao will go to Taipei with his p__7___. He will take some p__8___and s__9___them after the h__10___.‎ ‎1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________‎ ‎6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________‎ 答案：busy; visit; stay; live; train; family; Disneyland; parents; photos; show; holiday 课后练习 ‎【限时训练】10分钟 首字母填空 What can you do to keep healthy? For children, healthy eating is one of the most important things. Here are some ideas about  h________(1)to eat healthily. ‎ A good breakfast is very important to children. It's necessary to have it in the m________(2).‎ But some children often go to school without breakfast just because they want to s_______(3)a little longer. Remember that a good b_______(4)will help you study better. ‎ ‎　　“My dream is that all the Chinese children can get half a kilogram(公斤) of milk a day.” The former Chinese Premier(前总理) Wen Jiabao said this during his to a m_______(5) farm. Milk is also very important to children's health. It makes children grow stronger. It's better for you to d_______(6)a glass of warm milk b_______(7)going to bed. That will help you have a good sleep.  　　Having healthy food is the most important. That means eating lots of different k_______(8)‎ of food.Don't eat too much chocolate o_______(9)ice-cream. Some of you enjoy eating fast food, but it is not good for your health. Try to get healthy food. 　　Have h_______(10) eating habits, and you will have a strong body.‎