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  • 2021-10-11 发布

人教版七年级英语语法总结

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七年级英语语法 ----时态(一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时)学习手册 在七年级英语学习中我们主要学习了3种时态,即一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时。 今天我们就将这3种时态进行对比学习。 Come on my friends! 一、 一般现在时 定义 :表示经常、反复发生的动作,经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作(有时间规律发生的 事情)的一种时间状态。 (很拗口,但要学会就必须深刻体会, so please 将其狂读 3 遍) 具体用法 1、 表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 (always, usually, often, sometimes, every day morning night eveningafternoonweek, ) e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning. 2 表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态及喜好等。 e.g She is 11 years old . I don’t like English. She can speak English well. 3 表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. 基本结构构成 含有 be(am、 is 、are) 动词的用法 肯定句: I am+其它 You they we are +其它 She he it+is +其它 否定句: I am not+ 其它。 You they we are not +其它 She he it+is +not +其它 一般疑问句及回答: Are you +其它? 肯定回答 :yes, I am. 否定回答 :no, I am not. Are you they you+ 其它? 肯定回答 : yes,we hey are. 否定回答 :no, we hey are not. Is she he it+其它 ? 肯定回答 : yes,she he it is. 否定回答 :no,she he it is not. 从上面结构中你能总结出 be 动词的用法吗?单数 ________ ,复数 _________ ; 我用 _________,你用 __________ , ______________-连着她他它。 含实义动词的结构: 肯定句: 主语( I, we, you,they,)+动词原形 +其它。 否定句: 主语( I, we, you, they )+don’t +动原 +其它。 一般疑问句 : Do +主语( you ,they)+动原 +其它? 肯定回答 ; Yes,主语( I, we,you,they ) +do. 否定回答 : No, 主语( I ,we, you, they )+don’t. e.g. They get up at 6:00 every day.你能帮它改个造型吗? 否定句: _________________________ 一般疑问句 ___________________________ 同志们回忆一下还有什么特殊情况我们还没讲到。 当主语为第 3 人称单数时 肯定句 主语 (she, he ,it) +动词三单 +其它 She plays chess well. 否定句 主语 (she, he ,it)+doesn’t + 动词原形 +其它。 She doesn’t play chess well. 一般疑问句 Does +主语 +动词原形 +其它? Does she play chess well? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 +dose Yes, she does. 否定回答 No, 主语 +doesn’t No,she doesn’t 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句? What does she play well? e.g. Mr. Yang teaches us math. 否定句: _________________________ 一般疑问句: ___________________________________ 肯定回答 _______________________________________ 但是你们知道 动词第三人称单数的变化规则 吗 ? 1、一般情况加 S, e.g like---likes swim---swims 2、以 s, x, sh, ch,及 o 结尾的词加 es . e.g. watch—watches 3、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词,要变 y 为 I 再加 es. E.g. study---studies 你记住上面的规则了嘛,接下来我们小试身手 .一、 句型变变变。这些句子要求 “变脸 ”,你能满足它们吗? 1. Jeff has lunch at school. (改为一般疑问句) Jeff lunch at school? 2. They have an English class every day.(改为否定句) They_____ _____an English class every day. 3.I am your English teacher.(改为一般疑问句 ) _________ you our English teacher. 4.Jim does his homework every day.(改为否定句 ) Jim ____________________. 二、 .单词 “化妆会 ”。小小单词就要登台演出了,你能帮助化妆吗? 1. He doesn ’t play sports, he only w______ them on TV. 2. .Tom _______(有) some English books. 3.The boy _________ (not have) breakfast. 4..Does your father _____(like)sports? 二、现在进行时 定义 :用来表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现阶段一 直在进行着的动作。 【注意】一些表示状态和意愿的动词,如 be,like,want,know ,think,have 等,不能用于现在进 行时态中。如, I want to go home now. 现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由 "be+v-ing "构成。 be 并不是助动词,而是 am is are 这三个 be 动词。初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。所以你们一定记好 了,进行时的两重要部分, be 动词和 v-ing 这两者缺一不可。( be 动词的选择相见 前面 be 动词的用法) 现在进行时的应用 在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况: (1) 当句子中有 now 时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。 如: They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。 (2) 以 look, listen 开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进 行时。如: Listen !She is singing an English song. 听,她正在唱英语歌。 (3) 表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作, 且此时有 this week, these days 等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如: We are practicing spoken English these days. 这些天我们在练习 英语口语。 (4) 描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进 行时。如: Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图, 那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 现在进行时的结构 肯定句式 :主语 +be( am, is, are)+ 现在分词 +其它 . She is playing che- ss now. 否定句式 :主语 +be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词 +其它 . She is not pl- aying chess now. 一般疑问句 : Be(am, is, are) +主语 +现在分词 +其它? Is she playing ch- ess now? 肯定回答 : Yes, 主语 +be. 否定回答: No, 主语 +be not 特殊疑问句 :疑问词 +be(am, is, are)+ 主语 +现在分词 +其它? 现在分词的构成规则 : 1 直接在动词原形末尾加 -ing,如 play-playing work--working 2 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词, 去 e 再加 -ing,如 have-having write--writing 3 以重读闭音节结尾的单词,结尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个字母,再 加-ing。如, begin-beginning sit--sitting 4.特殊变化: lie-lying, 接下来检验一下大家学习成果 一、(写出动词的 ing 形式) For example: do doing 1. clean_______ 2. work_______ 3. watch_______4 go_______ 5. play_______6 study_______ 7. take_______ 8. have__ 9. dance_______10. get_______ 11. run_______ 12. swim_______13. sit______14. shop______15. stop_____ 二、. “火眼金睛 ”。你能排除干扰,从下面的四个选项中,找出一个 正确的答案吗 ( ) 1. She is ___ a sweater today. A. putting on B. puts on C. wearing D. wears ( ) 2. I ___ to go home now. A. want B. wants C. to want D. am wanting ( ) 3. The boy isn ’t ___ the teacher. A. listen B. listening C. listenning to D. listening to ( ) 4. Listen! She ___ in the classroom. A. sing B. sings C. singing D. is singing ( ) 5. My parents often ___ TV in the evening. A. watch B. see C. look D. look at ( )6.----Where’s Jennifer? -----He in the river A.swims B.is swimming C.waiting for D.swimming 三 一般过去时 定义 : 一般过去式表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,过去习惯性、经常性的动作、 行为; 时间状语 (two hours, one yea r ⋯ )ago, yesterday, the day before ye sterday, last (week, year, night, month⋯), 具体时间 , just now, at the age of ⋯ , one day, long ago, once upon a time( 很久以前 ), etc. 动词变化规则 规则动词的过去式变化如下: (1)一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed 如:worked played wanted acted (2)以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 –d 如: lived moved hoped (3)以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,把 -y 变为 -i 再加 -ed 如: studied tried cried (4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词, 双写词尾辅音字母, 再加 –ed 如: stopped shopped planned 常见的不规则的动词过去式: go-went do-did is-was are-were have/has-had buy-bought meet-met say-said fly-flew come-came know-knew read-read write-wrote spend-spent swim-swam become-became run-ran begin-began find-found take-took teach-taught tell-told stand-stood put-put feel-felt make-made see-saw grow-grew get-got sit-sat catch-caught bring-brought 朋友们,抓紧时间记吧! 基本句型结构 1)含实义动词的一般过去时 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 +其它 She played chess last night. 否定句 主语 + didn ’t +动词原形 +其它 She didn ’t play chess last nin gt. 一般疑问句 Did+ 主语 +动词原形 +其它? Did she play chess last nigh t? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 +did. Yes ,she did. 否定回答 No, 主语 +didn ’t. No,she didn ’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 ?What did she do last night? 2)be 动词的一般过去时 肯定句 主语 +was were+其它 She was 11 years old last year. 否定句 主语 +was were+not+其它 She was not 11years old last year. 一般疑问句 WasWere +主语 + 其它? Was she 11years years old last year? 肯定回答 Yes ,主语 +waswere. Yes,she was. 否定回答 No,主语 +was were +not No, she was not. 练练吧 一、.根据表格中的信息补全短文。每空词数不限 Time Activity 6:00 Get up 6:30 Eat breakfast 7:15 Go to school 8:00 Start lessons 12:00 Have lunch 13:00 Go to the library 15:00 Do sports 18:30 Have dinner 19:30 Do their homework 22:30 Go to bed Wang Hong and Zhou Jian come from China.Now they are studying in New York . Yesterday morning they 1 at six o’clock. They 2 at six thirty . Then they 3 at seven fifteen.School started 4 o’clock.They 5 at twelve.At one o’clock in the afternoon.they 6 .They did sports 7 in the afternoon.They played tennis for two hours .At six thirty they 8 .They 9 at seven thirty in the evening.They went to bed at ten thirty.They 10 very busy all day. 1 . ____________ 2 . ____________ 3 . ____________ 4 . ____________ 5.____________ 6 . ____________ 7 . ____________ 8 . ____________ 9 . ____________ 10.____________ 二、句型转换 1.My mother has a busy weekend every week.(用 last week改写 ) My mother ____________ a busy weekend last week. 2.He studied for the math test yesterday.(对画线部分提问 ) ____________ ____________ he ____________ yesterday? 3.My weekend was very great.(对画线部分提问 ) ____________ ____________ your weekend? 4.He reads a book about history every day.(用 last year改写句子 ) He ____________ a book about history last year.