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人教初中英语七年级下册UnitSectionA教材全解

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人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit11SectionA教材全解 Unit 11 How was your school trip?‎ Unit 11 Section A课文全析 ‎1.How was your school trip?你的学校郊游怎么样?‎ ‎【重点注释】school trip学校的郊游。一般在学校郊游结束后才会有感受或感触,在问学校郊游怎么样这个问题前学校郊游已经过去了,所以该句运用了一般过去时。该句的回答可以是:It was great/wonderful/terrible!该句的同义句:How did you like(What did you think of/about或者What/How about) your school trip? ‎ ‎2.go for a walk去散步 ‎【重点注释】go for a walk去散步,相当于take a walk。walk此处作名词,意为“散步”。例如:What about going for a walk?去散步怎么样?短语:go out for a walk出去散步,have/take a walk散步,have/take walks散步。例如:Let’s go out for a walk.让我们出去散步吧。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】walk还可作不及物动词,意为“走路;散步”,后接表示地点的名词时,要加上介词to,但其后接here,there,home等地点副词时,不需加介词to。例如:Let’s walk to the zoo.=Let’s go to the zoo on foot.让我们步行去动物园吧。I usually walk to school.我通常步行去上学。You can walk there.=You can go there on foot.你可以步行去那儿。‎ ‎3.milk a cow给奶牛挤奶 ‎【重点注释】milk此处作及物动词,意为“给……挤奶”,milk a cow给奶牛挤奶/挤奶牛的奶;milk还可作不及物动词,意为“挤奶,出奶”。例如:I helped my father to milk the cow.我帮助我父亲挤牛奶。(及物动词)——Where’s your mother?——She’s milking cows on the farm.‎ 她在农场里给奶牛挤奶。(及物动词)‎ This cow milks very well.这头奶牛出奶 很多。(不及物动词)‎ ‎【拓展记忆】milk还可用作不可数名词,‎ 意为“牛奶”,drink milk喝牛奶,a glass of milk一杯牛奶。例如:‎ Would you like some milk? milk(名词,牛奶) milk(动词,挤奶)‎ How much milk do you drink every day? ‎ ‎4.feed chickens喂鸡 ‎【重点注释】feed(feed-feeds-feeding-fed)此处作及物动词,意为“喂养;饲养”,其后常接表示动物名称的词作宾语,feed chickens饲养小鸡。例如:I feed my dog every day.我每天都喂我的狗。My father’s job is to feed animals.我父亲的工作是喂养动物。Can I feed the animals?我可以喂这些动物吗?‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)feed…to…意为“把……喂给……吃”。feed后接饲料或食物名词作宾语,to为介词,其后一般接动物或小孩等名词表示对象。例如:Please feed some grass to the cow.请给这头奶牛喂些草。She fed milk to the baby.她给婴儿喂了牛奶。2)feed可作不及物动词,意为“食,吃”(主要指动物),与介词on连用构成词组,意为“以……为食,靠……为生”。例如:Sheep feed on ‎ grass.绵羊以草为食。Birds feed on worms and grains.鸟以虫和谷物为食。‎ ‎5.——Did you see any cows?你看到一些奶牛了吗?‎ ‎ ——Yes,I did.I saw quite a lot.是的,我看到了。我看到相当多。‎ ‎【重点注释】①此问句是一个一般过去时态的一般疑问句,其中did是do的过去式,在此作助动词构成一般疑问句。本句用于询问过去发生的动作或事情,疑问句中用了助动词did时,句中的谓语动词应用动词原形,其句型是“Did+主语+动词原形+其他成分?”,其肯定答语是“Yes,主语(代词)+did.”,否定回答是“No,主语(代词)+didn’t.”。例如:——Did you do your homework yesterday?——Yes,I did./No,I didn’t.你昨天做作业了吗?是的,我做了。/没有,我没做。——Did she go swimming yesterday?——Yes,she did./No,she didn’t.她昨天去游泳了吗?是的,她去了。/不,她没去。‎ ‎【试题链接】—— he go to Central Park?‎ ‎——.Yes,he did..‎ A.Did B.Do C.Does D.Is ‎(答语是一般过去时态,问句也应该为一般过去时态,其一般疑问句应借助助动词did来完成。答案:A)‎ ‎②quite a lot是表示程度的副词短语,意为“相当多”,在句中多修饰动词或动词短语。例如:I like him quite a lot.我非常喜欢他。I ate quite a lot for lunch today.今天午餐我吃得很多。——Do we have milk in the fridge?——Yes,quite a lot.我们冰箱里还有牛奶吗?是的,还有很多。【比较】Thanks a lot.多谢。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】quite a lot后接名词时常与介词of连用,quite a lot of意为“相当多的……”,后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。例如:I have quite a lot of work to do this afternoon.今天下午我有太多的活要干。I have quite a lot of things to tell you.我有很多事情要告诉你。There are quite a lot people in the supermarket today.今天超市里的人很多。【注意】a lot后面不能直接跟名词,a lot of相当于lots of/many/much,其后可接可数名词复数(many)或不可数名词(much)。【比较】quite a few+可数名词复数,quite a little+不可数名词,都是“相当多/不少”的意思,都直接修饰名词,多用于口语(非正式用语)。例如:I have quite a few books.我有许多书。Quite a few students go to school by bike.相当多的学生(不少学生)骑自行车去上学。There is quite a little water here.这儿有很多水。‎ ‎【辨析记忆】quite与very quite 程度副词,意为“相当,非常”‎ 可修饰副词、形容词、动词,与表“程度”的词连用。‎ quite与very与不定冠词连用时位置不同:“a+very+形容词+名词”和“quite+a/an+形容词+名词”‎ very 程度副词,意为“很,非常”,语气较quite重。‎ 可修饰副词、形容词,但不可直接修饰动词。‎ 例句:She is quite/very tall.她很高。He sings very/quite well.他唱得很好。‎ Tom is a very good boy.=Tom is quite a good boy.汤姆是个很好的男孩。‎ ‎6.What did the farmer say?农民说了什么?‎ ‎【重点注释】farmer名词,意为“农民;农场主”。例如:I want to be a modern farmer.我想当一名现代农民。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)farm名词,意为“农场”。例如:There are many animals on the farm.农场里有许多动物。2)farming名词,意为“农事;耕作”。例如:It’s best time for farming.是耕作的好时节。‎ ‎7.Did you learn anything?你学到什么东西了吗?/你学到了什么?‎ ‎【重点注释】anything用作不定代词,表示“某事,某东西”,主要用于否定句、疑问句中,用以代替something。例如:He doesn’t want to eat anything now.现在他什么也不想吃。We can’t believe anything he says.无论他说什么,我们都不能相信。Do you have anything to say?你有什么话要说吗?Has anything interesting happened?发生了什么有趣的事吗?‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用something,不用anything。例如:Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的东西吗?2)表示“任何事,任何东西”,主要用于肯定句。例如:I want something to eat.and anything will do.我想弄点东西吃,什么都行。My dog will eat almost anything我的狗几乎什么都洗都吃。3)用作主语时,谓语用单数,对应的代词也用单数(it).例如:Aything is better than nothing,isn’t it?有点儿总比什么都没有要好,不是吗?4)修饰anything的形容词应置于其后。例如:Did you hear anything interesting there? 你在那儿听到了什么有趣的事吗?Is there anything new in the book?这本书中有什么新内容吗?‎ ‎【试题链接】——Is there in today’s newspaper?‎ ‎——Yes,it is really cheerful to read that a group of kids joined the volunteers..‎ A.anything new;ten-year-old B.something new;ten-years-old ‎ C.anything new;ten-years-old D. something new;ten-year-old ‎(anything一般用于疑问句或否定句中,修饰anything的形容词new应后置;ten-year-old意为“十岁的”,在句中作定语,修饰名词kids。答案:A)‎ ‎【试题链接】——Do you have else to say for your mistake?‎ ‎ —— but sorry.‎ A.anything;Something B. something;Everything ‎ C. something;Anything D.anything;Nothing ‎(前句是一般疑问句,故排除B和C。句意:你对于你的错误还有别的什么要说吗?没有什么要说的,除了抱歉。答案:D)‎ ‎8.Did you grow any apples?你种苹果了吗?‎ ‎【重点注释】grow此处作及物动词,意为“种植;栽培”,过去式grew。例如:We grow flowers and vegetables in our garden.我们在花园里种植鲜花和蔬菜。They grow rice every year.他们每年种水稻。It takes ten years to grow trees,but a hundred to rear people.十年树木,百年树人。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)grow可作不及物动词,意为“生长;发育”。例如:In spring,everything begins to grow.春天万物复苏。How quickly the baby is growing!这个婴儿长得多么快啊!Look!How well the flowers grow!看!这花长得多好!Money does grow on the trees.钱确实能够在树上生长。2)grow可作连系动词,有“逐渐变得”之意,强调变化过程。It’s growing dark.天渐渐(变)黑了。It’s growing warmer and warmer.天在逐渐变暖。3)grow up意为“长大;成长”。例如:What do you want to be when you grow up?你长大后想当什么?‎ ‎【辨析记忆】grow与plant 两者都表示“种植”,但用法不同。‎ grow不仅表示“种植”,还包括后期的管理和培育过程,常表示一种过程或状态;也常指使某种植物从种子起在某地生长,不移走。They grow roses in the garden.他们在花园里栽培玫瑰花。Do all plants grow from seeds?所有的植物都由种子长成的吗?‎ plant仅表示“载入土中”,涉及的时间较短,表示动作;也常指移植已长成秧苗的植物,可用于“plant+场地+with”结构。They planted trees in the garden.=They planted the garden with trees.他们在花园里种树。April is time to plant.四月是种植季节。‎ 例如:My grandpa’s job is to grow flowers.And he tells us not to plant the flowers before April.我爷爷的工作是种花。他告诉我们4月份之前不要栽花。‎ 注意:指种植花草,用grow或plant均可;指种植树木,一般用plant;指种植农作物,用grow。例如:We have grown/planted a lot of flowers this summer.夏天他们栽培了许多花。People in the south grow rice.南方人种植水稻。‎ ‎9.The farmer showed Carol around the farm.这位农民带领卡罗尔参观了农场。‎ ‎【重点注释】show此处作及物动词,意为“带领;引领”,show sb.around…意为“带领某人参观……”。例如:Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.王叔叔要领我们参观他的农场。Could you show me around the factory?你能带我参观这家工厂吗?‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)show作及物动词,还有以下含义:⑴意为“给……看;出示,显示”,常构成show sb.sth.或show sth.to sb.结构。例如:Please show me that coat over there.请把那儿的外套拿给我看看。Show your tickets,please.请出示您的车票。The girl shows me her photos.=The girl shows her photos to me.小女孩让我看了看她的照片。【注意】在“show sb.sth.”或“show sth.to sb.”结构中,如果“物(sth.)”是代词(it/them),只能用“show sth(it/them).to sb.”结构,而不能用“show sb. (it/them)sth.”结构。判断:你有一支新钢笔,请给我看看。You have a new pen.Please show it to me. [√] You have a new pen.Please show me it. [×] ⑵意为“指引,领路”。例如:Let me show you the way to the hospital.我指给你去医院的路。Show me the way,please.请给我指路。⑶意为“(向人)说明;表明;指示”。例如:Your homework shows that you are carefull.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。2)show作不及物动词,有“显现;显出;露出”等意思。例如:A big smile often shows on the teacher’s face.老师的脸上常常露出大大的笑容。3)show作名词,意为“演出;节目;展示”,on show意为“展览”。例如:They want to have a talk show.他们想举行一个谈话节目。The beautiful flowers are on show.这些漂亮的花在展览。‎ ‎【试题链接】——I want a ticket to Shanghai this afternoon,please.‎ ‎ ——OK.Will you please me your ID card?‎ A.tell B. serve C. send D.show ‎(tell告诉;serve招待,send发送,show出示。句意:我要一张今天下午去上海的票。好吧,请出示你的身份证。答案:D)‎ ‎10.Carol learned a lot about farming.卡罗尔了解了很多农事。‎ ‎【重点注释】①learn意为“学习,学会”,learn…about…意为“学习/知道/了解……”、“学习/知道/了解有关……的事情/情况”。例如:I’m learning English now.我现在正在学习英语。I’d like to learn something about Yao Ming.我想要了解一些关于姚明的事情。I’d like to learn more about computers.我想要学习更多关于电脑的知识。【拓展】learn about意为“了解/知道/获悉”,相当于know ‎ about。例如:How did you learn/know about the meeting?有关会议的情况你是怎么知道的?‎ ‎【试题链接】Anna is going on a tour of Xi’an,and she wants to Chinese history.‎ A.dream of B.learn about C.look through D.pass on ‎(dream of梦到/梦想;learn about了解;look through浏览;pass on传递。由前一分句句意“安娜打算到西安旅行”可知,后一分句句意为“她想要了解中国的历史”。答案:B)‎ ‎②a lot作副词短语,在句中作程度状语,表示“很;非常;常常”,修饰动词、感叹词、介词短语、形容词或副词的比较级,如:It usually rains a lot/much at this time of year. 每年这个时候都经常下雨。(修饰动词rain)Do you wear your new watch a lot? 你常戴你的新手表吗?(修饰动词wear)Thanks a lot/very much ---that’s very kind. 多谢,十分感激。(修饰感叹词thanks,thanks=thank you)He is feeling a lot/much better. 他感觉好多了。(修饰比较级better)Your room is a lot bigger than mine. 你的房间比我的大得多。(修饰比较级bigger)【拓展】learn a lot about…意为“学习/知道/了解很多……”、“学习/知道/了解很多有关……的事情/情况”。例如:I can learn a lot about history.我可以了解很多历史。‎ ‎③farming名词,意为“农事;耕作”,其动词为farm,意为 ‎“耕种;干农活”。例如:He is farming in Africa.他在非洲务 农。It is still too cold for farming.气候还是太冷,不适合农耕。‎ ‎【拓展】farm名词,意为“农场”;farmer名词,意为“农 民;农场主”。例如:The farmer is at work on a farm.这位农 民在农场干活。‎ ‎11.Carol picked some strawberries and took them home.卡罗尔摘了一些草莓并把它们带到家里。‎ ‎【重点注释】pick此处作及物动词,意为“采;摘”。例如:Don’t pick flowers in the park.公园里禁止摘花。He picked her a beautiful rose.他给她采了一朵漂亮的玫瑰花。We helped the farmers pick apples on the farm last weekend.上周我们在农场帮农民摘苹果。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】pick的其他用法:1)pick还有“挑选”之意,如:Please pick a good book for me.请给我挑一本好书。2)pick up意为“捡起;拾起”,为“动词+副词”短语,若宾语为代词,须放于pick和up中间。例如:Could you pick up the card?你能把卡片拾起来吗?She picked up that book on the floor.她在地上捡起了那本书。Your watch is on the floor.Pick it up,please.你的手表在地上。请把它拾起来。Where did you pick it up?你在哪儿捡的它?‎ ‎【试题链接】Karin found some waste paper on the floor.She it and threw it into the dustbin.‎ A.put;up B.picked;up C.turned;up D.looked;up ‎(put up挂起;pick up捡起;turn up把音量调大;look up向上看/查找。句意为:Karin 发现地板上有一些废纸。她捡起来并把它扔进了垃圾箱。答案:B)‎ ‎12.How was your trip last week?上周你的旅行怎么样?‎ ‎【重点注释】①本句为询问某事情况的常用句型,其中was是be动词的过去式,如果询问当前的情况则be动词用is。其答语常用:It was great.好极了。/It was OK.还可以。/It wasn’t good.不好。/It was not bad.还不错。等。例如:——How ‎ was her holiday?——It was not bad.她的假期过得怎么样?还不错。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】how是疑问副词,意为“怎么样;怎么”,用来构成特殊疑问句,主要用法如下:1)询问如何做某事或做某事的方式。例如:How do you go to work?你怎么去上班?How did she come?她是怎么来的?2)询问健康状况怎么样或情况如何。例如:How is your grandfather?你爷爷的身体怎么样?How is it going?情况怎么样?‎ ‎②trip为可数名词,意为“郊游,旅行”,通常指近距离的旅行,并且往往要回到出发点(即双程)。例如:Have a good trip!旅途愉快!‎ ‎【辨析记忆】trip与travel trip 名词,可特指某次具体的旅行。‎ ‎—Where is John?—He’s on a trip to Shanghai.‎ travel 名词或动词,泛指一般意义的旅行,不特指某次具体的旅行。‎ He likes travelling.‎ Travel is very popular with everyone now.‎ ‎③last week上周,last year去年,last month上个月,这些都是表示过去时间的时间状语,常用于一般过去时,其前面都不加任何介词。在句中,不加任何介词的类似的短(词)语还有:next…,yesterday,yesterday morning…,tomorrow,tomorrow morning…‎ ‎13.It was excellent.太好了。‎ ‎【重点注释】excellent形容词,意为“极好的;优秀的”,相当于very good,含有绝对无疑的意思,通常用于肯定句中,不用于否定句或疑问句中。例如:The food is excellent here.这里的食品很好。She is an excellent doctor.她是位优秀的医生。【拓展】be excellent in表示“在……方面极好”。例如:He is excellent in maths.他的数学非常好。‎ ‎14.I visited my grandparents in the countryside.我去乡下看望了我的祖父母。‎ ‎【重点注释】countryside不可数名词看,意为“乡下,农村”,in the countryside=in the country在乡村/在农村。例如:I come/am from the countryside.我来自农村。We live in the countryside.我们住在乡下。It's quiet in the countryside,but it's noisy in the city.乡下安静,但城市喧闹。【拓展】country作名词,通常是“国家”的意思,但在某些场景中也有“农村,乡下”的意思。例如:We have lived in the country for more than ten years.我们住在乡下10多年了。【辨析】in the country有“在该国”的意思,也有“在农村,在乡下”的意思,而in the countryside纯粹指“在农村,在乡下”。‎ ‎15.It was so much fun.那真是蛮好玩的。‎ ‎【重点注释】①so much意为“如此多;这么多”,一般用于修饰不可数名词或动词。例如:There was so much noise in the classroom.教室里太吵了。You talked so much.你说得太多了。【拓展】so many“这么多;如此多”,常用来修饰可数名词复数。例如:He had so many friends in the city.在这个城市里,他有这么多的朋友。‎ ‎②fun此处作不可数名词,意为“乐趣,开心,有趣的人或事”,其前常用great,much,a lot of等修饰,用来加强语气。例如:He’s great fun,and his dog is great fun,too.他是个有趣的人,他的狗也很有趣。Skating is great fun.滑冰是件很有趣的事。【辨析】a lot of fun与so much fun都表示“有很多乐趣”,其中fun是不可数名词,意为“快乐的事;乐趣”。例如:The children have a lot of fun of the computer.孩子们对电脑有很多乐趣。Her class is so much fun.她的课堂是那么地有趣。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)have fun意为“玩得开心”,相当于have a good/great/wonderful time。例如:My grandpa often has much fun in the park.我爷爷经常在公园玩得很开心。【注意】have fun (in) doing sth.“很开心/高兴/愉快地做某事。例如:We had ‎ a great time playing with the snow in the snow.我们很快乐地在雪地里玩雪。2)在美国英语中fun可作形容词,意为“有趣的,愉快的”。例如:Our English teacher often makes the class fun.我们的英语老师经常把课讲得很有趣。3)funny用作形容词,意为“滑稽的,可笑的”。例如:The kids are all making fun of little Tom’s funny hat today.孩子们都在取笑小汤姆今天戴的那顶滑稽的帽子。‎ ‎16.It was great,and the air was so clean.天气好极了,并且空气是那么干净。‎ ‎【重点注释】clean此处用作形容词,意为“干净的;清洁的”,其反义词为dirty脏的。例如:He is always wearing clean clothes.他总是穿着干净的衣服。We must keep our hands clean.我们必须保持手干净。Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室干净。【拓展】clean还作动词,意为“打扫,把……弄干净”。例如:We clean our classroom every day.我们每天打扫教室。‎ ‎17.But at about two o’clock,it got very cloudy and we worried it would rain.但在大约两点钟,天变得很阴沉了,我们担心会下雨。‎ ‎【重点注释】①本句为一个含有宾语从句(it would rain)的主从复合句。主句(we worried)中worried为worry的过去式,从句中would为will的过去式。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的时态为一般过去时态,从句要用相应的过去时态。例如:He asked what time it was.他问几点了。He told me he was reading a book at that time.他告诉我那时他正在读书。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】当宾语从句表示的是客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时。例如:The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。【比较】含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句的时态。‎ ‎②worry此处作及物动词,意为“担心,担忧”,后面常接宾语从句。例如:The teacher worried that these problems might be too hard for her students.这位老师担心这些问题可能对她的学生来说太难。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)worry作及物动词,还可意为“使担心,使发愁”,常接sb.作宾语。例如:Nothing worries me.我没有什么可担心的。The boy worried his mother.这个男孩让他妈妈担心。2)worry还可作不及物动词,意为“忧虑,担心”,后接宾语时,常加about,worry about sb./sth.担心某人/某物。例如:Don’t worry.I’m very well.不用担心。我非常好。Tell them not to worry.让他们不要担心。I have nothing to worry about.我没什么可担心的。Don’t worry about John.He will come back soon.不要担心约翰。他很快会回来。3)worry还可作名词,意为“担心;担忧;烦心的事”,have some worries有一些担忧(烦恼)。4)worry的过去式worried,也是形容词,意为“烦恼的;焦虑的”,可构成短语be worried about,意为“担心……”。例如:Don’t worry about John.He will come back soon.=Don’t be worried about John.He’ll be back soon不要担心约翰。他很快会回来。She is worried about her son.=She worries about her son.她担心她儿子。(worry about相当于be worried about)‎ ‎【试题链接】You really don’t have to worry your weitht.You look just right..‎ A.for B.from C.with D.about ‎(句意:你真的不必担忧你的体重,你看起来正合适。表示“担忧”用短语“worry about”表示。答案:D)‎ ‎18.Luckily,it didn’t,and the sun came out ‎ again!幸运的是,天没有下雨,并且太阳又出来了!‎ ‎【重点注释】①luckily副词,意为“幸运地;好运地”,相当于fortunately,其反义词是unluckily;luckily通常放在句首,后加逗号,表示“幸运的是”,用来修饰整个句子。例如:Luckily,we got there on time.幸运的是,我们准时到达了那里。Luckily,she found her son in the end.幸运的是,她终于找到了她儿子。【拓展】luck为不可数名词,意为“幸运”;lucky形容词,意为“幸运的”,其反义词unlucky不幸的。例如:Good luck!好运!Gook luck to you!祝你好运!You’re lucky!你是幸运的!He is a lucky dog.他是个幸运儿。Lucky you.=You’re lucky.=How lucky you are.你多幸运啊。‎ ‎【试题链接】There was a fire in the office yesterday.L ,all the people were saved.‎ ‎(句意为“昨天办公室着火了。幸运的是,所有的人都被救了”。luckily表示“幸运的是”,常放在句首,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子。答案:Luckily)‎ ‎②sun名词,意为“太阳”,为世界上独一无二的事物,其前通常要加定冠词the,类似的词还有moon月亮,sky天空,earth地球等。【拓展】sunny形容词,意为“晴朗的,阳光充足的”。例如:It’s sunny today.今天天气晴朗。It was a sunny day yesterday.昨天是一个晴天。‎ ‎③come out意为“出来”,其中out是副词,其对应词go out出去。例如:The sun is coming out.太阳就要出来了。Did the sun come out?太阳出来了吗?Tell Li Ming to come out to play football.让李明出来踢足球。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)come out还可意为“(花儿)开放,(种子)发芽,(书)出版”。例如:The flowers begin to come out.花儿开始开放。The flowers come out in spring.花儿在春天开。Han Han’s new book came out last month.韩寒的新书昨天出版了。2)come from来自。例如:He comes/is from America.他来自美国。3)come back回来。例如:When did they come out?他们是什么时候回来的?4)come on赶快,加油。例如:Come on!We are late!赶快!我们迟到了!‎