初一下册unit知识点 9页

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  • 2021-10-11 发布

初一下册unit知识点

  • 9页
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‎   ‎ Unit 3 How do you get to school?‎ 一、知识概述 ‎ ‎1.学习谈论如何到达某地(交通工具)和表示距离的有关句型。‎ ‎2.学习how, how long, how far等引导的特殊疑问句。‎ ‎3.学习和掌握含有实义动词的陈述句、一般疑问句、肯定回答和否定回答之间的转换。‎ ‎4.会用英语相互谈论交通方式的话题。‎ 二、语音知识 ‎ 三、单元重难点讲述 ‎ ‎1.词汇篇:‎ train—take the train—by train    bus—take the bus—by bus  ‎ subway—take the subway—by subway  taxi—take the taxi—by ‎ taxi car—drive the car—by car     plane—take the plane—by plane ‎ bike—ride a bike—by bike        walk—on foot ‎2.—Hey, Dave. How do you get to school? ‎ 嘿,大卫。你怎样去学校?‎ ‎—I walk. How about you, Sally? 我步行去学校,你呢,萨利?‎ ‎—I ride my bike. 我骑自行车。‎ ‎(1)在这个对话中,how的意思是“怎样;怎么;如何”。‎ e.g.Tell me how to spell it. ‎ 告诉我怎么拼写它。‎ I don’t know how to get to the post office.‎ 我不知道如何去邮局。‎ 除这个意思外,how还可表示“健康情况怎样”。‎ e.g.How are the children? ‎ 孩子们身体好吗? ‎ ‎(2)get to 到达 表示“到达”这一意思的有三个词组:get to, arrive at/in, reach ‎① get to是一个常用的词组,比较口语化。‎ e.g.When does she usually get to school? ‎ 她通常什么时候到校?‎ ‎② arrive是不及物动词,其后要接介词at或in,at后接小地点,in后接大地点。‎ e.g.We will arrive at the village at 5 tomorrow afternoon.‎ 我们将明天下午5点到达这个村子。‎ How will you arrive in Shanghai?‎ 你们将如何到达上海?‎ ‎③ reach为及物动词,后面直接接表地点的名词。‎ e.g.When did you reach Beijing? ‎ 你什么时候到北京的?‎ ‎(3)下面介绍“交通方式”的表达方法:‎ ‎① 介词短语“by+交通工具(单数名词)”表示交通方式。‎ by car 乘小汽车      by bus 乘公汽 by plane/air 乘飞机     by boat/sea 乘船 by train 乘火车      by subway 乘地铁 by land 走陆地       by river/water 走水路 还有其它的表示交通方式的说法。‎ on foot 步行   on horse 骑马 e.g.They go to school on foot. ‎ 他们步行上学。‎ ‎② 动词短语“take/ride/drive+the/a/my…+交通工具”表示交通方式。‎ take the train   乘火车 take the car    乘轿车 take the subway  乘地铁 take the bus    乘公汽 drive the/my car  开车 ride a/my bike   骑自行车 注意:‎ ‎① “by+交通工具”构成的介词短语在句中作状语,表示方式;“take+交通工具”在句中作谓语。‎ ‎②“by+交通工具”时前面不加限定词。如:She goes to work on the/her bike. 相当于She takes/rides the/her bike to work.或 She goes to work by bike. 她骑自行车上班。‎ ‎3.Practice she—take the train e.g.—How does she get to school?‎ ‎—She usually takes the train.‎ he—take the bus e.g.—How does he get to school?‎ ‎—He usually takes the bus.‎ Mary—take the subway e.g.—How does Mary get to school?‎ ‎—She usually takes the subway.‎ Jane—take the taxi e.g.—How does Jane get to school?‎ ‎—She usually takes the taxi.‎ Linda—drive the car e.g.—How does Linda go to work?‎ ‎—She usually drives the car.‎ Tony—take the plane e.g.—How does Tony go to work?‎ ‎—He usually takes the plane.‎ Jim—ride a bike e.g.—How does Jim go to work?‎ ‎—He usually rides a bike.‎ Sophy—walk e.g.—How does Sophy go to work?‎ ‎—She usually walks.‎ ‎4.How far is it from your home to school? ‎ 从你家到学校有多远? ‎ ‎  这个句型用来询问两地间的距离。it在这里表示距离。How far is it?是口语中的简略说法,完整说法是How far is it from here?或How far away is someplace from here?在上下文明确的情况下,有时可省去from here。它的答语可用表示长度的词或短语(距离长度或所用时间)。 ‎ e.g.—How far is your house from the school? ‎ 你家离学校有多远?‎ ‎—It’s about 2 kilometers. /It’s about 20 minutes’ walk.‎ 大约有两公里。/大约是20分钟的步行路程。‎ Lin Fei’s home is about 10 kilometers from school.‎ 林飞的家离学校大约有十公里。‎ ‎5.—How long does it take you to get to school? ‎ 到学校需要花你多长时间?‎ ‎—About 15 minutes by bike. ‎ 骑自行车大约需要15分钟。‎ ‎(1)take v. 花费,需要(时间)‎ e.g.The flight from Tokyo to San Francisco takes nine hours.‎ 从东京到旧京山的飞行时间要9小时。‎ How long does it take to go there by train?‎ 坐火车去那儿要花多长时间?‎ ‎(2)表示“做某事需花费某人多长时间。”通常用句型:it+takes+sb.+时间+to do sth.‎ e.g.It takes me 5 days to finish this job.‎ 完成这项工作要花我5天时间。‎ 也可用:It takes+时间+for sb.+to do sth. ‎ e.g.It takes 30 minutes for us to walk there.‎ 步行去那儿要花我们30分钟。‎ ‎6.—Does Jane walk to school? ‎ 简步行去学校吗?‎ ‎—No, she doesn’t. She goes by bike. ‎ 不,不是的。她骑自行车去学校。‎ 这个句子是含有实义动词的一般疑问句。含有实义动词的陈述句变成一般疑问句时,要借助于助动词do/does,把助动词do/does提到句首。注意,如果主语是第三人称单数的,后面的谓语动词的单数形式要还原。‎ e.g.They take the bus to school.‎ ‎→Do they take the bus to school?‎ ‎→Yes, they do. /No, they don’t. They walk.‎ Your dad drives his car to work every day.‎ ‎→Does your dad drive his car to work every day?‎ ‎→Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t.‎ ‎7.Mary wants to know what he thinks of the transportation.‎ 玛丽想知道他是怎样看待交通运输的。‎ ‎  what he thinks of the transportation是一个宾语从句,注意它和特殊疑问句的不同:它的语序是陈述句语序。think of表示“想出;想起;考虑;思考;认为”。‎ e.g.I can’t think of his name at the moment.‎ 我一时想不起他的名字。‎ We are thinking of/about going to France.‎ 我们正在考虑去法国呢。‎ What do you think of this movie?‎ 你认为这部电影怎么样?‎ ‎(Section B 1c中的几个句子都是宾语从句)‎ Mary wants to know where Bob lives.‎ Mary wants to know how far he lives from his grandparents’ home.‎ Mary wants to know how he gets to his grandparents’ home.‎ Mary wants to know how long it takes to get to his grandparents’ home.‎ ‎8.There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats.‎ 河上完全没有桥梁,而且河水湍急,不宜小船摆渡。‎ ‎(1)此句是英语否定结构的一种。当no用于构成否定句,主要用于名词之前,强调否定其后的名词,表现“完全不;根本没有”。‎ e.g.There are no computers in that small mountain village.‎ 在那个小山村里根本就没有电脑。‎ There is no milk in the fridge.‎ 冰箱里没有牛奶。‎ ‎(2)run表示“液体的流动”,在不同语境中分别有不同的用法和含义。‎ e.g.The river runs into the sea.‎ 这条河流入大海。‎ Your nose is running, Jack. Do you have a cold?‎ 杰克,你在流鼻涕。是不是感冒了?‎ ‎9.One 11-year-old boy, Liangliang, crosses the river every school day.‎ 亮亮,一个11岁的男孩,每天过河上学。‎ 注意:这里的11-year-old是一个合成形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式。‎ a four-day trip     一个四天的旅行 ‎ a 30-page book      一本30页的书 a three-room house    一个三间屋的房子 ‎10.It is their dream to have a bridge.‎ 有一座桥是他们的梦想。‎ dream既可以用作名词,又可以用作动词。‎ e.g.Have a good dream! 做个好梦!‎ I have a dream. 我有一个梦想。‎ I dreamed a strange dream yesterday.‎ 我昨天做了一个奇怪的梦。‎ ‎11.Can their dream come true?‎ 他们的梦想能实现吗?‎ come true 实现 e.g.His dream comes true.‎ 他的梦想实现了。‎ How does your hope come true?‎ 你的梦想是如何实现的?‎ 注意:该短语中的come属于系动词,类似这样的系动词+形容词构成的词组还有 ‎ go mad(发狂) ‎ go wrong(发生故障) ‎ fall asleep(睡着) ‎ run short(不足,快用完) ‎ turn sour(变酸) ‎