初一下学期英语重点知识点归纳总结 28页

Unit 1‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. play chess 下国际象棋 ‎ ‎2. play the guitar 弹吉他 ‎ ‎3. speak English 说英语 ‎4. English club 英语俱乐部 ‎ ‎5. talk to 跟…说 ‎ ‎6. play the violin 拉小提琴 ‎7. play the piano 弹钢琴 ‎ ‎8. play the drums 敲鼓 ‎ ‎9. make friends 结交朋友 ‎10. do kung fu 练 (中国) 功夫 ‎ ‎11. tell stories 讲故事 ‎ ‎12. play games 做游戏 ‎13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. play +棋类/球类 下……棋，打……球 ‎ ‎2. play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉……乐器 ‎3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 ‎4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好 ‎ ‎5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 ‎6. can + 动词原形 能/会做某事 ‎ ‎7. a little + 不可数名词 一点儿……‎ ‎8. join the …club 加入…俱乐部 ‎ ‎9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事 ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.‎ ‎2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.‎ ‎3. You can join the English club. ‎ ‎4. Sounds good./That sounds good. ‎ ‎5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer. ‎ ‎6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721. ‎ ‎◆话题写作 Dear Sir, ‎ I want to join your organization (组织) to help kids with sports, music and English. My name is Mike. I am 15 years old. I’m a student in No. 1 Middle school. I can play the guitar well. I can sing many songs. I can swim and speak English well, too. I think I can be good with the kids. I also do well in telling stories. ‎ I hope to get your letter soon. ‎ ‎ Yours, ‎ ‎ Mike ‎ ‎◆语法讲解 ‎1.can+动词原形，它不随主语和数而变化。‎ ‎ (1)含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。‎ ‎ (2)变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？‎ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No，主语+can't.‎ ‎ (3)含有can的否定句：主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。‎ ‎ (4)含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？‎ ‎2. may+动词的原形。（may为情态动词）一般疑问句是把may提前，‎ 肯定回答是：Yes，主语 +may。‎ 否定回答是：No，主语+mustn't。或please don't。‎ join+某个组织，俱乐部，party，参军，党派等 “加入”‎ Join sb. “参加到某人中” join in (doing)sth “加入做......，参加某个活动” Join in=take part in +活动，比赛 ‎3. 说某种语言：speak+语言 ‎ ‎4、play+球、棋、牌；play+the+乐器。‎ ‎5、擅长于（做）什么：be good at +名词/动ing ‎ ‎6、帮助某人做某事：help sb. (to ) do sth. help sb. with sth.‎ ‎7、我能知道你名字吗？May I know your name? ‎ ‎8、想要做什么：want to do sth 例如：I want to learn about art.‎ ‎9、What club do you want to join? ‎ I want to join the chess club and the basketball club.‎ ‎10、What club does Tom want to join? He wants to join the swimming club .‎ ‎11、He can’t play the violin or the piano. Can you help kids with swimming?‎ 12、 Why do you want to join the English club? Because I want to learn English well. ‎ Unit 2‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. what time 几点 ‎ ‎2. go to school 去上学 ‎ ‎3. get up 起床 ‎ ‎4. take a shower 洗淋浴 ‎ ‎5. brush teeth 刷牙 ‎ ‎6. get to 到达 ‎ ‎7. do homework 做家庭作业 ‎ ‎8. go to work 去上班 ‎ ‎9. go home 回家 ‎ ‎10. eat breakfast 吃早饭 ‎ ‎11. get dressed 穿上衣服 ‎ ‎12. get home 到家 ‎ ‎13. either…or… 要么…要么… ‎ ‎14. go to bed 上床睡觉 ‎ ‎15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上 ‎16. take a walk 散步 ‎ ‎17. lots of=a lot of 许多，大量 ‎ ‎18. radio station 广播电台 ‎19. at night 在晚上 ‎ ‎20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. at + 具体时间点 在几点（几分） ‎ ‎2. eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 ‎3. thirtyhalf past +基数词 ……点半 ‎ ‎4. fifteena quarter to +基数词 差一刻到……点 ‎5. take a/an +名词 从事……活动 ‎6. from …to … 从……到…… ‎ ‎7. need to do sth 需要做某事 ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty.‎ ‎2. That’s a funny time for breakfast. ‎ ‎3. When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.‎ ‎4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.‎ ‎5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch..‎ ‎6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good. ‎ ‎7. Here are your clothes. ‎ ‎◆话题写作 主题：谈论日常作息习惯 My School Day I am a student. I usually get up at seven, and I eat breakfast at seven thirty. Then I go to school at eight. School starts at eight thirty. I eat lunch at twelve. I go home at 17:00. I often eat dinner at 19:00 and then play the piano. I do my homework at 20:00. At 22:00, I go to bed.‎ ‎◆语法讲解 ‎1.what time和when引导的特殊疑问句。‎ ‎ (1)对时间提问用what time，也可以用when。询问钟点时用what time，询问日期、月份、年份时用when。‎ ‎ (2)询问做某事的时间时，两者可以互换。 ‎ ‎ (3)其他询问时间的句子：‎ ‎ What's the time? =What time is it?现在几点了？ ‎ 时刻表达法：顺读法和逆读法。‎ ‎ (1)顺读法：“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。‎ ‎ (2)逆读法：借助介词past或to表示，要先说分再说钟点。‎ A.当分钟不超过30分钟时（包括30分钟），即<或=30，用past表示。其结构为：“分钟+past+整点” 意为“几点过几分”。‎ B.当超过30分钟时，即>30，用to表示。其结构为：“所差分钟（即60—所过分钟数）+to+下一个整点”，to译成“差”，差几分钟到几点。‎ C.当分钟为30分钟用half表示，当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。‎ ‎2. always 总是>usually 通常>often常常>sometime 有时 ‎3. Watch+TV、球赛 “观看，观赏”，特指长时间注视。‎ ‎ See+电影、医生 “看见”，强调看的结果。‎ ‎ Look “看”，强调看的动作，look后接宾语时要用介词at。‎ ‎ Read+书刊、杂志 “阅读”‎ ‎4. listen to +宾语 ‎ ‎5. Go to +地点名词 如：go to school go+地点副词 如：go home ‎6、Take a shower “淋浴” ‎ ‎7、Eat breakfast 吃早餐 Unit 3‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. get to school 到达学校 ‎ ‎2. take the subway 乘地铁 ‎ ‎3. ride a bike 骑自行车 ‎ ‎4. how far 多远 ‎ ‎5. from home to school 从家到学校 ‎ ‎6. every day 每天 ‎7. take the bus 乘公共汽车 ‎ ‎8. by bike 骑自行车 ‎ ‎9. bus stop 公共汽车站 ‎ ‎10. think of 认为 ‎ ‎11. between … and … 在…和…之间 ‎ ‎12. one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩 ‎ ‎13. play with … 和…玩 ‎ ‎14. come true 实现 ‎ ‎15. have to 不得不 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…‎ ‎2. How do / does （sb）get to …? …是怎样到…的？‎ ‎3. How far is it from … to …? 从…到…有多远？‎ ‎4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。‎ ‎5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间？‎ ‎6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….‎ ‎7. Thanks for + n. / Ving 感谢你（做）某事。‎ ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike.‎ ‎2. How far is it from your home to school?‎ ‎3. How long does it take you to get to school?‎ ‎4. For many students, it is easy to get to school.‎ ‎5. There is a very big river between their school and the village.‎ ‎◆话题写作 主题：上学的交通方式 写作思路：开篇点题：点出自己的出行方式；具体内容：自己选择这种交通方式的原因；结束语: 表明自己的观点。‎ The Best Way for Me to Go to School Different students go to school in different ways in our school, but I llike to go to school on foot.First, I live near the school, so my home is not far from my school. And it takes me a few minutes to get there. Second, there is a crossing on my way to school, and sometimes the traffic is very busy. I think it is safer to go to school on foot. Third, I think walking is good for my health. It’s a kind of sport and it makes me study better.‎ So in my opinion, the best way to go to school is on foot. What about you?‎ ‎◆语法讲解 ‎（一）how 引导的特殊疑问句 ‎1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分三种情况：‎ a. take a/an/the+交通工具（单数）‎ b. by+交通工具（单数）‎ c. on/in+限定词+交通工具 ‎2. how far 用来提问距离，多远，其答语分为两种：‎ ‎（1）用长度单位表示：It is five kilometers.‎ ‎（2）用时间表示：It’s twenty minutes’ walk. ‎ ‎3.how long 用来提问时间，意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。‎ ‎----How long have you learnt English?‎ ‎----For 3 years.‎ how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间， 常用于将来时态时， 常用“in+时间段”来回答。‎ ‎――How soon will you arrive in Beijing?‎ ‎----In 3 hours.‎ 二、重点知识详解 ‎1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词，乘……去某地，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。‎ He takes the train. ‎ take the subway乘地铁 ‎ take a walk散步 ‎ take a shower洗个澡 take a rest休息一会 ‎ take a seat 坐下 ‎ take some medicine 吃药 ‎2.by+表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+ a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词，是介词短语作方式状语。‎ I get to school by bike. = I get to school on my bike.‎ ‎3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地 表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义:‎ Take the bus to school = go to school by bus = go to school on a bus Drive a car to work = go to work by car = go to work in a car ‎ Fly to shanghai = go to shanghai by plane/air = take the/a plane to shanghai = go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.‎ ‎4.get表示“到达”，后接名词需加to，接地点副词不加to.‎ ‎ reach 给示到达，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语。‎ ‎ arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词。‎ ‎5. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事 ‎ Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱 ‎ Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱 Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth ‎ Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱 ‎6. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A?‎ 答语有两种：‎ It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)有……米/英里/千米（远）‎ It ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。‎ ‎7. have to 后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有“不得不，被迫”之意，有多种时态形式，否定式为don’t have to(needn’t)意为“不必”。‎ Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式,否定式must’t意为“一定不要，不允许，禁止”反意词为“needn’t”。‎ ‎8.感谢用语：Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks.‎ 回答感谢用语的句子：‎ That’s ok /all right. 不用谢。‎ You are welcome 不客气。 ‎ It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。‎ ‎/Don’t mention it。别在意。 ‎ It was nothing at all.那没什么。‎ Unit 4‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. on time 准时，按时 ‎ ‎2. listen to … 听……‎ ‎3. in class 在课上 ‎ ‎4. be late for 做……迟到 ‎5. have to 不得不 ‎ ‎6. be quiet 安静 ‎7. go out 外出 ‎ ‎8. do the dishes 清洗餐具 ‎9. make breakfast 做早饭 ‎ ‎10. make (one’s) bed 铺床 ‎11. be noisy 吵闹 ‎ ‎12. keep one’s hair short 留短发 ‎13. play with sb. 和某人一起玩 ‎ ‎14. play the piano 弹钢琴 ‎15. have fun 玩得高兴 ‎ ‎16. make rules 制订规则 ‎ ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. Don’t + 动词原形+其他， 不要做某事。 ‎ ‎2. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎3. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…… ‎ ‎4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事 ‎5. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 ‎ ‎6. be strict in sth. 对某事要要求严格 ‎7. leave sth sp. 把某物忘在某地 ‎8. keep + 宾语+形容词 使……保持某种状态 ‎9. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 ‎ ‎10. have to do sth. 不得不做某事 ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. Don’t arrive late for class. 上课不要迟到。‎ ‎2. Can we bring music players to school? 我们可以带音乐播放器到学校吗？‎ ‎3. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 并且我们总是不得不穿校服。‎ ‎4. There are too many rules! 有太多的规则！‎ ‎5. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! 不要把脏盘子留在厨房里！‎ ‎6. I have to keep my hair short. 我不得不留短发。‎ ‎◆话题写作 Dear Tom,‎ Thanks for your last letter. You want to know the rules in our school. Now let me tell you about them.‎ We can’t arrive late for class. We can’t talk loudly in class. We should keep quiet. When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them. We can’t eat or drink in class, and we can’t listen to music or play games in class.‎ I think we have too many rules. What about yours? Please write and tell me.‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Ming ‎◆语法 肯定的祈使句：‎ ‎(1) 实义动词原形+其他； ‎ ‎(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他； ‎ ‎(3) Let sb do sth. ‎ 否定的祈使句：‎ ‎(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形； ‎ ‎(2) Don’t be+形容词+其他；‎ ‎(3) Don’t let sb do sth ‎ ‎(4) No+Ving.‎ ‎2. 不要迟到：Don’t arrive late. = Don’t be late. (arrive = be)‎ 上课/上学不要迟到：Don’t arrive (be) late for class/school.‎ ‎3. 主语省略（无主语）：Don’t arrive late for class.‎ 主语不省略（有主语）：We can’t arrive ;ate for class.‎ ‎4. 在学校我们必须穿校服：We have to wear uniforms at school.‎ 句型：不得不/必须做某事：have to do sth 否定：不必做某事：don’t have to do sth 穿校服：单数：wear a uniform 复数：wear uniforms ‎5. 在我家里有太多的规矩：I have too many rules in my house.‎ 词组：太多…：too many…‎ ‎6. 我从来没有任何快乐：I never have any fun.‎ ‎(never译为“从来没有”，表示否定，否定句中表示“任何，一些”，用any)‎ ‎7. 不要大声说话：Don’t talk loudly.‎ 请大声说：Speak loudly, please.‎ ‎8. 他擅长于唱歌：He is good at singing.‎ 句型：擅长于做某事：be good at doing sth ‎9. 表示“地点”的词组：‎ ‎(1) 在教室里：in the classroom ‎ 在课堂上：in class ‎(2) 在走廊上：in the hallways ‎ 在学校里：at school = in school ‎10. 表示“时间”的词组：‎ ‎(1) 下课后：after class 放学后：after school ‎(2) 在上学的白天/晚上：on school days/nights 比较：at night ‎(3) 到晚上10点钟之前：by 10 o’clock p.m.‎ ‎11. (1) with 和； 如：He lives in Beijing with my parents. (不能用and)‎ ‎ (2) with 戴着； 如：Do you know the fat man with a hat? (不能用wears)‎ ‎ (3) with 有着； 如：It’s an old house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has)‎ Unit 5‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. kind of 有几分，有点儿 ‎ ‎2. be from / come from 来自于 ‎3. South Africa 南非 ‎ ‎4. all day 整天 ‎5. for a long time 很长时间 ‎ ‎6. get lost 迷路 ‎7. places with food and water 有食物和水的地方 ‎ ‎8. cut down 砍倒 ‎ ‎9. in (great) danger 处于（极大）危险之中 ‎ ‎10. twelve years old 十二岁 ‎ ‎11. things made of ivory 由象牙制成的东西 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. —Why…? 为什么……？ ‎ ‎—Because… 因为…… ‎ ‎2. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 ‎ ‎3. want to do sth. 想要做某事 ‎ ‎4. one of + 名词复数 ……之一 ‎ ‎5. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 ‎ ‎6. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 ‎ ‎7. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎8. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. —Why do you like pandas? 你为什么喜欢熊猫？‎ ‎—Because they’re kind of interesting. 因为它们有点儿有趣。‎ ‎2. —Why does John like koalas? 约翰为什么喜欢树袋熊？‎ ‎—Because they’re very cute. 因为它们非常可爱。‎ ‎3. —Why don’t you like tigers? 你为什么不喜欢老虎？‎ ‎—Because they’re really scary. 因为它们真的吓人。‎ ‎4. —Where are lions from? 狮子来自哪里？‎ ‎—They’re from South Africa. 它们来自南非。‎ ‎5. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. 大象能走很长时间并且从不迷路。‎ ‎6. They can also remember places with food and water. 它们也能记住有食物和水的地方。‎ ‎7. But elephants are in great danger. 但是，大象处于极大危险之中。‎ ‎8. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes.‎ 人们砍倒了许多树，因此，大象渐渐失去它们的家园。‎ ‎9. Today there are only about 3,000 elephants (over 100,000 before)‎ 现在仅有大约3000头大象（之前超过10万头大象）。‎ ‎10.Isn’t she beautiful? 她难道不美丽吗？‎ ‎◆话题写作 The Animal I Like There are many kinds of animals in the world. What animal do I like? Let’s know her.‎ Many people like her very much. I also like her. She is from China. She is very cute. She doesn’t eat grass and meat at all. She eats bamboo every day. She is so nice. She is black white. She has two big black ears and eyes. And she also has black legs and arms.‎ What animal is she? She is a panda. I like panda very much. Do you like her? What animal do you like?‎ ‎◆语法 ‎1. –让我们先去看考拉。-- Let’s see the koalas first. (first翻译为“首先”)‎ ‎–你为什么最喜欢考拉？-- Why do you like koalas best? (best翻译为“最”)‎ ‎--因为它们很可爱。-- Because they are very cute.‎ 句型：让某人做某事：let sb do sth ‎2. –你为什么不喜欢老虎？-- Why don’t you like tigers?‎ ‎--因为它们有点吓人。-- Because they are kind of scary.‎ ‎① 在此处，表示“不”，只要在do后加not即可。‎ ‎② 有点…：kind of+形容词 = a little+形容词 ‎3. 你还喜欢别的什么动物？ What other animals do you like? (后有animals, other不加s)‎ 你喜欢和别的年轻人工作吗？ Do you like to work with other young people?‎ ‎4. 他是一个8岁的男孩：He is an 8-year-old boy. (后有名词boy, 用连字符，year用原形)‎ 他8岁：He is 8 years old. (后无名词boy, 不用连字符，岁数大于1，year变复数)‎ ‎5. 请保持安静：Please be quiet. = Please keep quiet. (keep译为“保持”，= be)‎ ‎6. 他每天通常睡和放松20个小时：He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.‎ 每天：every day (要分开) 连在一起的everyday翻译为“日常的”，是个形容词。‎ ‎7. 和某人玩：play with sb (倒翻)‎ ‎8. 在白天：during the day = in the day 在此处，during = in ‎9. 在晚上：at night = in the evening 在上学的晚上/白天：on school nights/days ‎10. 吃草：eat grass ‎ ‎ 吃叶子：eat leaves (leaf的复数形式) ‎ ‎ 吃肉：eat meat 相似单词比较：‎ ‎(1) 草：grass (不可数，无复数) ‎ ‎(2) 玻璃：glass 复数：glasses 眼镜 ‎11. 汉语：因为…，所以… 英语：because…, so… (不能同时出现在一个句子中)‎ 汉语：虽然…，但是… 英语：though…, but… (只能使用其中一个)‎ ‎13. (1) first num. 第一； 如：Sunday is the first day of a week.‎ ‎(2) first adv. 首先；首先：at first 如：Let’s see the koalas first.‎ ‎14. (1) best adv. 最； 如：Why do you like koalas best?‎ ‎(2) best adj. 最好的； 如：Who do you think is the best teacher in your class?‎ ‎15. (1) very adv. 非常（放在形容词前）； 如：The koalas are very cute.‎ ‎(2) very much 非常（放在动词后）； 如：Thank you very much.‎ ‎16. (1) kind(s) of n. 种类； 如：There are many kinds of anmals in the zoo.‎ ‎(2) kind of = a little adv. 有点；（无形式变化） 如：He is kind of lazy.‎ ‎(3) kind adj. 和蔼的，友善的； 如：It’s kind of you to help me with my English.‎ ‎17. 树叶：leaf 复数：leaves 变化规则：去f加ves;‎ ‎18. 小偷：thief 复数：thieves 变化规则：去f加ves. ‎ Unit 6‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. watch TV 看电视 ‎ ‎2. read a newspaper 看报纸 ‎3. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈 ‎ ‎4. listen to music 听音乐 ‎5. use the computer 使用电脑 ‎ ‎6. make soup做汤 ‎7. wash the dishes 洗餐具 ‎ ‎8. kind of 有点儿 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. —What + be+ 主语+ doing? ……正在做什么？ ‎ ‎—主语+ be + doing sth. ……正在做某事。‎ ‎2. I’d love / like to do sth. 我愿意做某事。‎ ‎3. any other + 可数名词单数 其他任何一个……‎ ‎4. wish to do sth. 希望做某事 ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. —What are you doing? 你在做什么？‎ ‎—I’m watching TV. 我在看电视。‎ ‎2. —What’s she doing? 她在做什么？‎ ‎—She’s washing her clothes. 她在洗她的衣服。‎ ‎3. —What are they doing? 他们在做什么？‎ ‎—They’re listening to a CD. 他们在听一张CD 唱片。‎ ‎4. —Are you doing your homework? 你在做你的家庭作业吗？‎ ‎—Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m cleaning my room. ‎ 是的，我在做。/ 不，我没有。我在打扫我的房间。‎ ‎5. Zhu Hui misses his family and wishes to have his mom’s delicious zongzi.‎ ‎ 朱辉思念他的家人并希望吃上他妈妈的可口粽子。‎ ‎◆话题写作 It’s seven o’clock in the evening. Kate’s family are all at home. Kate is doing her homework. Her father is reading a book. Her mother is watching TV. Her grandfather is listening to the radio and her grandmother is cleaning the room. Her sister, Betty, is playing computer games. They are all enjoying themselves.‎ ‎◆语法 ‎1. 现在进行时的结构：主语+be+Ving. (be动词和动词+ing两者缺一不可)‎ 考题形式：‎ ‎(1) 已知be动词，考后面的动词形式（要加ing）；‎ ‎(2) 已知后面的动词+ing, 则前面用be动词。‎ ‎2. --你正在做什么？-- What are you doing? ‎ ‎ --我正在看电视。-- I’m watching TV.‎ ‎3. 那听起来很棒：That sounds great/good.‎ ‎4. 谢谢你的信和照片：Thanks for your letter and the photos.‎ ‎① 谢谢某东西：Thanks for sth ‎ ‎② 句型：谢谢做某事：Thanks for doing sth ‎5. 这是我的一些照片：Here are some of my photos. (“一些照片”是“复数”，be用are)‎ 这是我的一张全家福照片：Here is a photo of my family. (“一张照片”是“单数”，be用is)‎ ‎6. 句型：忙于做某事：be busy doing sth 如：His brother is busy _________ (write) stories in his room.‎ ‎7. 表示“活动”的“动词词组” ‎ ‎① 做家庭作业：do one’s homework ‎ ‎② 打扫房间：clean the room ‎③ 吃晚饭：eat dinner ‎ ‎④ 打电话：talk on the phone = make a telephone call ‎⑤ 看书/看报/看杂志：read books, read newspapers, read magazines ‎⑥ (学生)上课：have an English class (老师)上课：give an English class ‎⑦ 举行晚会：have an evening party ‎ ‎⑧ 和某人说再见：say goodbye to sb ‎8. 在购物中心：at the mall ‎ 在游泳池：at the (swimming) pool 在学校：at school ‎ 在体育馆里：in the gym ‎9. 在第一张照片中：in the first photo ‎ 在第二张照片中：in the second photo 在下一张照片中：in the next photo ‎ 在最后一张照片中：in the last photo ‎ ‎10. 等汽车：wait for the bus 在汽车站等(某人)：wait (for sb) at the bus stop ‎11. 我的兄弟和我：my brother and I (要把“我”放在后面)‎ ‎12. (身体)好，健康：well = fine 如：-- How is your mother? -- She is _______.‎ ‎13. 活动：activity 复数：activities (以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y加ies)‎ 玩具：toy 复数：toys (以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加s)‎ ‎14. (1) 也：also 用于“肯定句的句中”；‎ ‎(2) 也：too 用于“肯定句的句末，前加逗号”；‎ ‎(3) 也：either 用于“否定句的句末，前加逗号”。‎ ‎15. (1) show n. 节目；如：TV show, sports show, game show, talk show ‎(2) show v. 给…看；如：Can you show me your family photo? ‎ I’ll show you the way.‎ ‎(3) show v. 表演；如：Can you show us Beijing Opear?‎ Unit 7‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. not bad 不错 ‎ ‎2. at the park 在公园 ‎3. take a message for … 为……捎个口信 ‎ ‎4. have a good time / have a great time / have fun / enjoy oneself 过得很愉快 ‎5. call sb. back 给某人回电话 ‎ ‎6. no problem 没问题 ‎ ‎7. right now 现在 ‎ ‎8. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈 ‎ ‎9. some of ………当中的一些 ‎ ‎10. by the pool 在游泳池边 ‎ ‎11. drink orange juice 喝橙汁 ‎ ‎12. study hard 努力学习 ‎ ‎13. on a vacation 在度假 ‎ ‎14. in the mountains 在山里 ‎ ‎15. call sb. 给某人打电话 ‎ ‎16. write to sb. 给某人写信 ‎17. right for… 适合…… ‎ ‎18. 给……拍一张照片 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ‎2. have a great time/have fun + (in) doing sth. 愉快地做某事 ‎3. just right for doing sth. 做某事正合适 ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. How’s the weather? 天气怎么样？‎ ‎2. It’s cloudy. / It’s sunny. / It’s raining. 天气多云。/ 天气晴朗。/ 天正下雨。‎ ‎3. How’s it going? 情况怎么样？‎ ‎4. Great! / Not bad. / Terrible! 好极了！/ 不错。/ 糟糕！‎ ‎5. Can I take a message for him? 我给他捎个口信好吗？‎ ‎6. I’m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada. 我正在加拿大愉快地拜访我的阿姨 ‎7. My family and I are on a vacation in the mountains. 我和我的家人正在山里度假。‎ ‎8. It’s hot in your country now, isn’t it? 现在你的国家天气炎热，不是吗？‎ ‎◆话题写作 The Weather in Beijing Hello, everyone! I’m from Beijing. Do you want to know the weather in Beijing? Now let me tell you something about the weather here.‎ In Beijing, spring is very short and warm. In summer, it’s very hot, but it often rains. We often go swimming in the river. In autumn, the weather is very dry and cool. We often go to the farm to work with the farmers to help them. In winter, it’s very cold, and sometimes it’s snowy and windy.‎ I like swimming, so summer is my favorite season.‎ ‎◆语法 ‎1. 询问天气 ‎ 1）How’s the weather? It’s……‎ ‎ 北京的天气怎么样？多云。‎ ‎ How’s the weather in Beijing? It’s cloudy. ‎ ‎ 2) What’s the weather like？It’s……‎ ‎ What’s the weather like in Beijing? It’s cloudy.‎ ‎2. cook 1)v. 做饭 2）n. 厨师 ‎ cooker n. 厨具 ‎3. How’s it going? 情况如何？‎ ‎ Not bad.不错。‎ ‎ Great.太好了。‎ ‎ Terrible.太糟了。‎ ‎ Pretty good.相当好 ‎ Just so so.马马虎虎 ‎4. pretty ‎ 1) adj. 俊俏；娇小；漂亮 a pretty girl 漂亮的姑娘 ‎ 2) adv. 相当；很；颇 近义词是very或quiet ‎5. hot炎热的------cold寒冷的 warm温暖的-----cool凉爽的 ‎6. Thanks for．．．因．．．．．．而感谢 ‎ for是介词，后接n / pron / v-ing. (名词/代词、动名词)‎ ‎ Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的全家福照片。‎ ‎ Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。‎ ‎7. on vacation 在度假；在假期中 ‎8. take a photo/take photos 拍照 ‎9.some……, others……一些……，（另一些）……‎ ‎ Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.一些人在拍照，一些人正躺在沙滩上。‎ ‎10.other, the other, others, the others, another ‎ 1)other可作形容词或代词。adj. “别的，其他的”‎ ‎ Do you have any other questions? 你还有其他的问题吗？ ‎ ‎ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧。 ‎ ‎ 2) the other 代词，（两者中的）“另一个” （other为代词）‎ ‎ one……the other……一个……，另一个……‎ ‎ He has two sons, one is a doctor, the other is a worker. ‎ 他有两个儿子，一个是医生，另一个是工人。‎ ‎ 3) others代词，是other的复数形式，泛指“其余的（人或物）” （指其余的部分）‎ ‎ some……others……一些……，（另）一些……‎ ‎ There are lots of students on the playground, some are playing basketball, others are dancing.‎ ‎ 操场上有许多学生，有些人在打篮球，有些人在跳舞。‎ ‎ Give me some others, please. 给我一些别的东西吧。‎ ‎ 4) the others代词，特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”（指其余的全部）‎ ‎ There are lots of students on the playground, some are playing basketball, the others are dancing.‎ ‎ 操场上有许多学生，有些人在打篮球，其余的都在跳舞。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5) another = an+other，可作形容词或代词，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。‎ ‎ I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这个，请给我看看另一个。‎ ‎11. lie v.平卧；躺 （想在分词lying）‎ ‎12. Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball.看看这群正在玩沙滩排球的人。‎ ‎ playing beach volleyball作people的定语。‎ ‎13. surprised adj. “感到惊讶的”‎ ‎ 1) be surprised at + n./ pron./v-ing 对……感到惊讶 ‎ We’re surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们非常诧异。‎ ‎ 2) be surprised to do sth.‎ ‎ We’re surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息，我们非常诧异。‎ ‎ 3) be surprised + that从句 ‎ I’m surprised that he didn’t pass the exam我对他没通过考试感到很惊讶。‎ ‎14. in this heat 在这么热的天气里 hot（adj.炎热的）----heat（n.热度）‎ ‎15. scarf 围巾（pl. scarfs或scarves）‎ ‎16. have a good time = enjoy oneself（oneself要随主语的变化而变化） = have fun ‎ They are having a good time. = They are enjoying themselves.= They are having fun.‎ ‎ 他们正玩得高兴。‎ ‎17. everyone / every one ‎ 1) everyone“人人，每人”，仅指人，相当于everybody，一般不能与of连用，作主语为单数。‎ ‎ Everyone is here.大家（人人）都来了。‎ ‎ 2) every one“每一个（人或物）”，指人或物，常与of连用，谓语用单数。‎ ‎ Every one of the book is interesting. 每本书都很有趣。 ‎ Unit 8‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. post office 邮局 ‎ ‎2. police station 警察局 ‎3. pay phone 付费电话 ‎ ‎4. Bridge Street 桥街 ‎5. Center street 中心大街 ‎ ‎6. Long Street 长街 ‎7. near here 附近 ‎ ‎8. across from 在……对面 ‎9. next to 挨着，靠近 ‎ ‎10. between… and… 在……和……之间 ‎11. in front of 在……前面 ‎ ‎12. excuse me 劳驾 ‎13. far from 离……远 ‎ ‎14. go along… 沿着……走 ‎15. turn right / left 向右 / 左转 ‎ ‎16. on the(或one’s) right / left 在（某人的）右边 / 左边 ‎ ‎17. in my neighborhood 在我的街区 ‎ ‎18. look like 看起来像 ‎ ‎19. in life 一生中 ‎ ‎20. be free 免费（有空）‎ ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. Turn right / left at the +序数词+ crossing. 在第几个路口向右 / 左转 ‎ ‎2. spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 花费时间/金钱在 ‎ spend + 时间 / +金钱 (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 ‎3. watch sb. doing 观看某人正在做某事 ‎4. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. —Is there a hospital near here? 这附近有医院吗？‎ ‎—Yes, there is. It’s on Bridge Street. 是的，有。它在桥街上。‎ ‎2. —Oh… where’s Center Street? 噢……中心大街在哪里？‎ ‎—It’s not too far from here. 它离这儿不太远。‎ ‎3. Go along long Street and it’s on the right. 沿着长街走，它在右边。‎ ‎4. Turn right at the first crossing. 在第一个十字路口向右转。‎ ‎◆话题写作 Where is the hotel? Let me tell you how to get there. Go down this road and then turn left. Go through First Street and second Street. When you come to Third Street, turn right and walk on. You can see a bridge over a river. Go across the bridge. Then you can see the hotel. It’s on your right, across from the post office, You will find it.‎ ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1.turn right/left at the +序数词+crossing. 在第几个十字路口向右/左转。‎ ‎2.spend+时间/金钱+（in）doing sth. 花费时间/金钱在……‎ ‎3.watch sb. doing观看某人正在做某事 ‎4.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 Unit 9‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. short hair 短发 ‎ ‎2. long hair 长发 ‎3. curly hair 卷发 ‎ ‎4. straight hair 直发 ‎5. (be) of medium height 中等个子 ‎ ‎6. (be) of medium build 中等身材 ‎7. go to the movies 去看电影 ‎ ‎8. a little 有点儿 ‎9. look like 看起来像 ‎ ‎10. a big nose 大鼻子 ‎11. a small mouth 小嘴巴 ‎ ‎12. a round face 圆脸 ‎13. black hair 黑发 ‎ ‎14. big eyes 大眼睛 ‎15. a long face 长脸 ‎ ‎16. the same way 同样的方式 ‎17. in the end 最后 ‎ ‎18. blonde hair 金黄色的头发 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. What does / do + 主语 + look like? ……长得什么样？‎ ‎2. sb. + be + of + medium build / height 某人中等身材/个子 ‎3. sb. + has +… hair 某人留着……发 ‎4. sb. wears + clothes/glasses 某人穿着/戴着……‎ ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. —What does he look like? 他长什么样 ‎—He’s really tall. 他真的很高。‎ ‎2. —Do they have straight or curly hair? 他们留直发还是卷发？‎ ‎—They have curly hair. 他们留卷发。‎ ‎3. —Is he tall or short? 他高还是矮？‎ ‎—He isn’t tall or short. He’s of medium height. 他不高不矮，他中等个子。‎ ‎4. The man with a pair of glasses is my English teacher. 那个戴眼镜的男人是我的英语老师。‎ ‎◆话题写作 Lost Kate, a twelve –year-old girl, is lost in the street.‎ She is of medium height with short hair. She has a round face and small eyes. She wears a pair of glasses. She wears a white shirt, a pair of blue jeans and a pair of black sports shoes.‎ If anyone knows her, please call Mr. Green at 26458132. Thanks a lot. ‎ ‎◆ 用法 ‎1.询问及描述某人的外貌特征 ‎ 问：What do/does + 主语 + look like? “……看上去什么样？”/ “……长什么样？”‎ ‎ 答：主语 + be + 描述人物外貌特征的形容词。‎ ‎ 主语 + have/has + 名词（名词前可有多个形容词修饰）。‎ ‎1）What does your friend look like? 你朋友长什么样？‎ He is short and thin. He has short, black hair.他又矮又瘦，留着短直发。‎ ‎2）What do they look like? 他们长什么样？‎ ‎ They’re of medium height. 他们中等身高。‎ ‎3）What does he look like? 他长什么样？‎ ‎ He is of medium build, and he has a big nose.他中等身材，大鼻子。‎ ‎2. look like “看起来像……”‎ ‎ He looks like his father. 他看起来像他的父亲。‎ ‎3. hair ‎ 1) 指“头发，毛发”的总称，是不可数名词 ‎ He has long hair. 他留着长发。‎ ‎ 2）指具体数量的“头发”，是可数名词 ‎ There are two hairs on the bed. 床上有两根头发。‎ ‎4. high（adj. 高的）----- height（n.高度）‎ ‎5. popular ‎ 1) 通俗的 in popular language 用通俗的话 ‎ 2）流行的 a popular song 流行歌曲 ‎ 3）受欢迎的 a popular writer 受人欢迎的作家 ‎6. a little bit, a little, a bit ‎ 1) 修饰形容词或副词时，三者可通用，但a little bit比后两者所表示的程度稍弱一点。‎ ‎ Today is a little bit / a little / a bit cold. 今天有点冷。‎ ‎ 2）修饰不可数名词时，a little直接跟不可数名词，a bit需加of再跟不可数名词。‎ ‎ There is a little / a bit of water in the glass. 杯子里有点水。‎ ‎ 3）a little 和a bit在否定句中意思恰恰相反。not a little相当于very “很，非常”，not a bit相当于not….at all“一点也不”。 ‎ ‎ ① He is not a little hungry. = He is very hungry. 他很饿。‎ ‎ ② He is not a bit hungry. = He isn’t hungry at all. 他一点也不饿。‎ ‎7. tell a joke / jokes说笑话 tell a story / stories讲故事 tell a lie / lies撒谎 ‎8. She never stops talking. 她总是讲个不停。‎ ‎ stop to do sth. “停下来去做某事”。指停止原来做的事情，去做另一件事情。‎ ‎ stop doing sth. “停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事情，即不做某事了。‎ ‎ 1）He stops to do his homework. 他停下来开始做家庭作业。‎ ‎ He stops doing his homework. 他停止做家庭作业。‎ ‎ 2）Class begins, please stop talking. 上课了，请不要说话。‎ ‎ 3）We are all tired, stop to have a rest. 我们都累了，停下来休息一会儿吧。‎ ‎9. like 喜欢 ‎ 1）like sb. / sth.喜欢某人/某物 ‎ 2) like to do sth.喜欢/想要做某事（表一次性或特指的某一具体的动作）‎ ‎ 3) like doing sth喜欢做某事（表习惯性的动作或爱好）‎ ‎ ①我喜欢每天打篮球。I like playing basketball every day. ‎ ‎ ②今天很冷，我喜欢呆在家里。Today is cold. I like to stay at home.‎ ‎10. people, person, man ‎ 1) people:‎ ‎①泛指“人，人们”，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ There are many people there. 那儿有许多人。‎ ‎②the people 常用来指“人民”。‎ ‎ We study hard for the people. 我们为人民而努力学习。‎ ‎③指“民族”是可数名词。‎ ‎ There’re 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。‎ ‎ 2) person“人；人物”，无性别之分，可指男人，也可指女人。常用于指数目不大，而且数目比较精确的“人”。‎ ‎ Everyone likes the honest person. 每个人都喜欢诚实的人。‎ ‎ There are only three persons in the room. 房间里只有三个人。‎ ‎ 3）man: 指“男人”（复数形式为men），也可指“人类”。‎ ‎ He is a man of few words. 他是个少言寡语的人。‎ ‎ Man has languages. 人类有语言。‎ ‎11. glass ‎ 1) “眼镜”，常用复数glasses. a pair of glasses一副眼镜 ‎ 2）“玻璃”，不可数名词。‎ ‎ 3）“玻璃杯”，可数名词。‎ ‎ These glasses are made of glass. 这些玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。‎ ‎12.beard （络腮）胡须，可数名词。‎ ‎ The old man has a beard. 这位老人满脸胡须。‎ ‎13. remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事 （事情已做）‎ ‎ remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记要去做某事 （事情还没做）‎ ‎ 1）Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.‎ ‎ 当你离开教室时，别忘了关灯。‎ ‎ There’re not any apples to have. Please remember to buy some.‎ ‎ 没苹果吃了，请记得买一些。‎ ‎ 2）I remember telling you about it. 我记得告诉过你这件事。‎ ‎ He forgot having this kind of fruit. 他忘记他吃过这种水果了。‎ ‎14.Do you remember Jonny Dean, the pop singer with funny glasses and long curly hair?‎ ‎ 你还记得约翰尼．迪安——那个戴着滑稽眼镜，留着长卷发的流行歌手吗？‎ ‎ 1）the pop singer with funny glasses and long curly hair是Jonny Dean的同位语，指的就是Jonny Dean。‎ ‎ 2）with funny glasses and long curly hair是介词短语，修饰the pop singer ‎ 介词短语作定语，放在它所修饰的名词之后。‎ ‎ The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。‎ ‎ Do you know the boy under the tree? 你认识树下的那个男孩吗？‎ ‎15. look ‎ 1) 看 ‎ ‎ Look! Tom is crying. 看，汤姆在哭。‎ ‎ Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。‎ ‎ 2）看起来 ‎ He looks like his father. 他看起来像他的父亲。‎ ‎ 3）外表，外貌 ‎ He has a new look. 他有了一个新形象。‎ ‎16. no more, not….any more., no longer, not….any longer ‎ 1) no more = not….any more表示数量和程度的“不再（增加）”，常修饰终止性动词。‎ ‎ We won’t go there any more.我们不再去那里了。‎ ‎ The baby watched and listened, and she cried no more.那个婴儿看着、听着，不再哭了。‎ ‎ 2) no lo0nger = not….any longer表示时间上“不再（延长）”，常修饰延续性动词。‎ ‎ He no longer lives here. 他不再住在这儿了。‎ ‎ You can’t stay here any longer.你不能再留在这儿了。‎ ‎17. I don’t think he’s so great. ‎ ‎ I think + that从句，如果表示否定含义，常把否定词放在主句上，一般不在从句上进行否定，而译成汉语时，则否定在从句上。这种现象叫否定前移。‎ ‎ I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对。‎ ‎18. nobody“没有人，没人”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎ Nobody knows me. 没有人认识我。‎ ‎ There’s nobody in the room.房里没有人。‎ ‎19. 两个或两个以上形容词同时作定语的排列顺序：‎ ‎ 限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等）+ 描述性形容词+大小、形状、长短、高低 + 新旧、长幼 + 颜色 + 产地、材料、用途 + 被修饰名词 ‎ a small old yellow wooden table 一张黄色的旧木头小桌子 ‎ an expensive new Japanese sports car 一辆昂贵的新型的日本跑车 Unit 10‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. would like 想要 ‎ ‎2. take one’s order 点菜 ‎3. beef soup 牛肉汤 ‎ ‎4. one bowl of… 一碗……‎ ‎5. what size 什么尺寸 ‎ ‎6. mapo tofu with rice带米饭的麻婆豆腐 ‎7. what kind 什么种类 ‎ ‎8. small / medium / large bowl 小/ 中/大碗 ‎9. green tea 绿茶 ‎ ‎10. orange juice 橘汁 ‎11. around the world 世界各地 ‎ ‎12. birthday cake 生日蛋糕 ‎13. the number of… 的数量 ‎ ‎14. make a wish 许个愿望 ‎15. blow out 吹灭 ‎ ‎16. in one go 一口气 ‎17. come true 实现 ‎ ‎18. cut up 切碎 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. would like + sth. 想要某物 ‎ ‎2. would like + to do sth. 想要做某事 ‎3. Why don’t you + do sth.? 何不做某事？ ‎ ‎4. the number of + 名词复数 ……的数量，a number of+名词复数 许多……‎ ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪种面条？‎ ‎2. I’d like beef noodles, please. 我想要牛肉面。‎ ‎3. What size would you like? 你想要多大的？‎ ‎4. I’d like a medium bowl, please. 我想要一个中碗的。‎ ‎5. Would you like a large bowl? 你想要一个大碗的吗？‎ ‎6. Yes, please. 好吧。‎ ‎7. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.‎ ‎ 假如他或她一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛，愿望将实现。‎ ‎◆话题写作 My Favorite Food I’m a middle school student. I like to eat healthy food. I have milk, eggs and bread for breakfast. For lunch I would like rice, fish and vegetables. I like chicken, juice, rice and hamburgers for supper. Of all the food, my favorite food is chicken and apple juice.‎ ‎◆用法 ‎1. would like“想要”，相当于want, 用法亦同want，但比want委婉。‎ ‎1）want/would like sth. 想要某物 I’d like some noodles ‎ 2）want/would like to do sth. 想要做某事 I’d like to play the piano 我想要弹钢琴。‎ ‎ 3）want/would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 I would like him to help me. 我想要他帮助我。‎ ‎ 4）What would sb. like? 某人想要什么？‎ ‎ 5）What would sb. like to do? 某人想要做什么？‎ ‎ 6）would you like sth. 你想要某物吗？（委婉地询问对方的要求时的用语）‎ ‎ 肯定回答：Yes, please.‎ ‎ 否定回答：No, thanks.‎ ‎ 7) Would you like to do sth？你想要/愿意做某事吗？（向对方有礼貌地提出建议或邀请）‎ 肯定回答：Yes, I’d like/love to. 是的，我愿意。‎ 否定回答：Sorry, + 原因。‎ ‎2. noodle “面条”，可数名词，复数noodles。‎ ‎3.What kind of….would you like?你想要那种……？‎ ‎ What kind of noodles would you like?你想要那种面条？‎ ‎ Beef and tomato noodles, please.‎ kind ‎ ‎1)种类 ‎ ‎①a kind of．．．．一种．．．．．．‎ ‎②many kinds of．．．．多种．．．．．‎ ‎③all kinds of．．．．各种各样的．．．．．．‎ ‎2)仁慈的，和蔼的，好意的，友爱的 ‎ ‎①He is a kind man. ‎ ‎②He is kind to everyone.他与人为善。‎ ‎③It’s very kind of you to help me.‎ ‎3)kind of + adj/adv 稍微/有几分……(相当于a little) He is kind of /a little shy.‎ ‎4. special ‎ 1) n. 特色/价商品，可数名词。‎ ‎ 2）adj. 特殊的，特别的，专门的 Today is a special day. 今天是个特别的日子。‎ ‎5. What size…..“多大……”‎ ‎ ①What size bowl of noodles would he like? 他想要多大碗的面条？‎ He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles.他想要一个小/中/大碗的面条。‎ ‎ ②What size shoes do you wear? 你穿多大号的鞋？‎ I wear size 40. 我穿42码的鞋。‎ ‎6. fish 鱼；鱼肉 ‎ 1）指多少条“鱼”，为可数名词。复数：fish或fishes，通常用复数fish.‎ ‎ 2) 指多少种“鱼”， 为可数名词。复数： fishes ‎ 3）指“鱼肉”，为不可数名词。‎ ‎ There’re hundreds of fish in the pool. 在这水池里有几百条鱼。‎ ‎ There’re all kinds of fishes in the lake. 这个湖里有各种各样的鱼。‎ ‎ Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。‎ ‎7. 英语中表示食物的一些词的特殊用法 ‎ 1）beef, fish, chicken, pork, meat, mutton等表示肉类的食物，是不可数名词。‎ ‎ 2）vegetable蔬菜，可数名词 ‎ 3）fruit, salad, ice cream, food等指总称时是不可数名词，指种类时是可数名词。‎ ‎ 4）cabbage, onion, fish, chicken指食物时是不可数名词，指植物和活着的“鱼”“鸡”时是可数名词。‎ Unit 11‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. go for a walk 去散步 ‎ ‎2. milk a cow 挤牛奶 ‎3. ride a horse 骑马 ‎ ‎4. feed chickens 喂小鸡 ‎5. talk with 与……谈话 ‎ ‎6. take photos 拍照 ‎7. quite a lot 相当多 ‎ ‎8. show… around 带领……参观 ‎9. learn about 了解 ‎ ‎10. from… to… 从……到……‎ ‎11. grow strawberries 种植草莓 ‎ ‎12. pick strawberries 采草莓 ‎13. in the countryside 在乡下 ‎ ‎14. go fishing 去钓鱼 ‎15. at night 在夜晚 ‎ ‎16. a lot of 许多；大量 ‎17. come out 出来 ‎ ‎18. go on a school trip 去学校郊游 ‎19. along the way 沿线 ‎ ‎20. after that 之后 ‎21. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 ‎ ‎22. all in all 总的来说 ‎23. take a / the train 乘火车 ‎ ‎24. be interested in 对……感兴趣 ‎25. not… at all 根本不……‎ ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. How + be…? + like? ……怎么样？‎ ‎2. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…… ‎ ‎3. teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人怎样做某事 ‎4. quite + a / an + 形容词+可数名词单数 = a + very + 形容词 ‎ +可数名词单数一个相当 / 很……‎ ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. —How was your school trip? 你的学校郊游怎么样？‎ ‎—It was great! 好极了！‎ ‎2. —Did you go to the zoo? 你去动物园了吗？‎ ‎—No, I didn’t. I went to a farm. 不，没有。我去农场了。‎ ‎3. —Did you see any cows? 你看见一些牛奶了吗？‎ ‎—Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot. 是的，我看见了，我看见相当多（的牛奶）‎ ‎4. —Were the strawberries good? 这些草莓是好的吗？‎ ‎— Yes, they were. 是的，它们是。 / No, they weren’t. 不，它们不是。‎ ‎5. Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that.‎ ‎ 一切都是关于机器人的，我对那方面不感兴趣。‎ ‎◆话题写作 I had a busy weekend. On Saturday morning, I did my homework, and then I played computer games. In the afternoon, I visited my grandmother. We talked for a long time.‎ On Sunday morning, I cleaned my room and did some reading. Then I cooked for m parents. In the afternoon, I watched a football match on TV and listened to music. I had a good time.‎ ‎◆重点语法：‎ 一般过去时态 结构：主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 + 宾语 ‎ 谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态 ‎ do/does 的一般过去时态形式：did 例句：‎ Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)‎ She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。)‎ The weather was beautiful.(那儿的天气很好。)‎ I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)‎ Unit 12‎ ‎◆短语归纳 ‎1. do my homework 做我的家庭作业 ‎ ‎2. go to cinema 去看电影 ‎3. go boating / camping 去划船 / 去野营 ‎ ‎4. play badminton 打羽毛球 ‎5. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上 ‎ ‎6. work as 以……身份而工作 ‎7. have a good weekend 周末过得愉快 ‎ ‎8. kind of 有点儿 ‎9. stay up late 熬夜 ‎ ‎10. run away 跑开 ‎11. shout at 对……大声叫嚷 ‎ ‎12. fly a kite 放风筝 ‎13. high school 中学 ‎ ‎14. put up 搭起，举起 ‎15. in the countryside 在乡下 ‎ ‎16. get a surprise 吃惊 ‎17. make a fire 生火 ‎ ‎18. each other 互相 ‎ ‎19. so… that… 如此……以至于…… ‎ ‎20. go to sleep 入睡 ‎21. the next morning 第二天早上 ‎ ‎22. look out of…向……外看 ‎23. shout to 冲……呼喊 ‎ ‎24. up and down 上上下下 ‎25. wake…up 把……弄醒 ‎ ‎26. move into… 移进……‎ ‎27. a swimming pool 一个游泳池 ‎◆用法集萃 ‎1. go + doing 去做某事 ‎ ‎2. play + 球类 玩……球 ‎3. 时间段+ ago ……前 ‎4. keep + sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 使……保持……‎ ‎5. so + 形容词 / 副词+ that 句子 如此……以至于……‎ ‎6. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 ‎7. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 ‎ ‎8. start to do / doing sth. 开始做某事 ‎◆典句必背 ‎1. —What did you do last weekend? 上个周末你做什么了？‎ ‎—I did my homework. / We went boating. 我做了我的家庭作业。/我们去划船了。‎ ‎2. —Who visited her grandma? 谁看望了她的奶奶？— Becky did. 贝姬看望了。‎ ‎3. My sister finished high school two weeks ago. 我的姐姐两周前中学毕业了。‎ ‎4. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我是如此疲倦，以至于我很早就睡着了。‎ ‎◆话题写作 My friend Li Hua came to visit me on May Day. During the following days I showed him around the city. We went to the Guangzhou Museum on the morning of May 2. We learned much about the history of Guangzhou. In the afternoon., we climbed the Baiyun Hills. It was really great fun! In the evening. I took Li Hua to the night zoo. It was interesting to see animals at night. The next day, we went to the bookshops to buy books. Though we were very tired, we enjoyed ourselves very much.‎ ‎◆一般过去时(past tenses)：‎ 定义：表示过去某时间的动作或状态。‎ 结构:“主语+动词的过去式”‎ ‎1.规则动词的过去式：‎ ‎1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed ‎2)以不发音e结尾的加-d ‎3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed ‎4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed watch---watched practice---practiced study---studied stop---stopped ‎2.不规则动词的过去式：‎ am,is-was are-were have,has-had do-did write-wrote go-went