2020-2021学年人教版初二英语上册 第六单元语法单词 6页

‎2020-2021学年人教版初二英语上册 第六单元语法单词 ‎ 语法 一般将来时 be going to ‎ 1. 结构 ‎①肯定句 be going to表示决定、打算要做某事，或有迹象表明即将发生、可能会出现什么情况。其后常有表示将来的时间状语， 如tomorrow，next week/month/year等，其基本结构为： am/is/are+going to+动词原形。‎ 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+going to+动词原形+其他. ‎ 如：I am going to buy a hat tomorrow morning.‎ 我明天早上要去买一顶帽子。‎ I'm not feeling well. I think I'm going to be ill.‎ 我感觉不舒服。我想我要生病了。‎ ‎②否定句 be going to表示决定、打算要做某事，或有迹象表明即将发生、可能会出现什么情况。其后常有表示将来的时间状语， 如tomorrow，next week/month/year等，其基本结构为： am/is/are+ going to +动词原形。‎ 否定句：主语+am not/is not(isn't)/are not(aren't)+going to+动词原形+其他. ‎ 如：She isn't going to visit her grandma this afternoon.‎ 今天下午她不打算去拜访她的外祖母。‎ ‎③一般疑问句 be going to表示决定、打算要做某事，或有迹象表明即将发生、可能会出现什么情况。其后常有表示将来的时间状语， 如tomorrow，next week/month/year等，其基本结构为： am/is/are+ going to +动词原形。‎ 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?‎ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+am/is/are.‎ 否定回答：No, 主语+isn't/aren't./No, I'm not.‎ 如：-Is he going to work abroad?‎ ‎-Yes, he is./No, he isn't.‎ ‎—他打算出国工作吗？‎ ‎—是的，他打算。/不，他不打算。‎ ‎④特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词（作主语）+ be(is/are)+going to+动词原形+其它？‎ Who is going to give us a speech tomorrow?‎ 明天谁来给我们做一个演讲？‎ 特殊疑问词（不作主语）+ be(am/is/are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其它？‎ How are you going to solve the problem?‎ 你将要如何解决这个问题？‎ 1. 用法 be going to意为“将要，将会”，是一般将来时的一种表现形式。‎ ‎①用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思，其主语常是人。‎ 如：We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.‎ 我们今天下午打算开个班会。‎ ‎②表示根据现有情况、某种迹象，判断将要或即将发生的动作。此时主语可以是人，也可以是物。‎ 如：Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.‎ 看那些乌云。马上要下雨了。‎ ‎ ‎ 含有be going to结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如： ‎ ‎(1) 含next的短语。如：next day /next week /next month /next term。‎ ‎(2) 含tomorrow的短语。如：tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening ，the day after tomorrow。‎ ‎(3) 含this的短语，表示与现在相比较将来的某个时候。如：this Wednesday/weekend。‎ too...to ‎“too...to”结构常表示否定含义，即“太……而不能……”。‎ 其构成通常为：too＋形容词/副词＋动词不定式。‎ 1. 可表达一个否定的结果，意为“太……而不能……”。‎ 例：He is too tired to go on working.‎ ‎  他太累了，不能继续工作了。‎ 2. 可在不定式前加介词for引出逻辑主语。‎ 例：The box is very heavy. The little boy cannot carry it.‎ ‎   =The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.‎ ‎     这个箱子太重了，小男孩搬不动。‎ 3. ‎“too...to”结构可以和“enough…to”转换。‎ too后的形容词与enough前的形容词意思相反。两者可以进行同义句转换。‎ 例：The little girl is too young to go to school.‎ ‎   =The little girl is not old enough to go to school.‎ ‎  这个小女孩太小了，不能上学。‎ ‎ 单词 Take短语 ‎1. take up意为“（尤指为消遣）开始做；学着做”‎ My father took up the study of English at the age of forty.‎ 我父亲在40岁时开始学英语。‎ take up还可意为“占用，花费（时间、空间或精力等）”，是及物动词短语。‎ This desk takes up too much room. 这张桌子占了太多的空间。‎ ‎2.take down意为“取下来（从高处）；记下”‎ Take down the picture and put up the map of the world.‎ 取下这张画，挂上一幅世界地图。‎ You should take down this piece of information.‎ 你应该把这条信息记录下来。‎ ‎3. take off 意为“脱下；飞机等（起飞）”‎ Excuse me. You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room. ‎ 不好意思，在进入电脑室之前，得先脱鞋。  ‎ The plane is going to take off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。‎ ‎4. take care意为“提防，当心；保重”，take care of 意为“照顾”，后需加宾语。‎ Take care when you cross the street! 过马路时要当心。‎ Bye! Take care! 再见！多保重！‎ I can take care of my little brother. 我能照顾我的弟弟。‎ ‎ promise ‎ promise n. 承诺；诺言 make/keep/break a/one's promise许下 / 信守 / 违背诺言 If you make a promise, you should keep it. 如果做出了承诺，就应该遵守。‎ promise v. 许诺；承诺 promise (sb.) that 承诺……‎ promise sb. sth./ promise sth. (to sb.)许诺某人某事 promise to do sth.许诺做某事 You promised me (that) you'd be home early tonight.‎ 你曾向我保证今晚会早回家的。‎ We promise you an exciting trip.‎ 我们保证你在旅途中玩得开心。‎ I promised to take my children to the funfair on Saturday.‎ 我答应周六带孩子们去游乐场。‎ sure sure adj. 确信的；有把握的；一定的（不用在名词前）‎ I am pretty sure that he'll agree.‎ 他会同意的，对此我有相当的把握。‎ be sure to do sth. 一定要做某事，务必要做某事（用于告诉某人记住做某事）‎ Be sure to give your family my regards.‎ 务必代我向你的家人问好。‎ be sure about/of  对……有把握 I'm quite sure about getting the scholarship.‎ 我很确信能得到奖学金。‎ 另外be sure后也常用how/where/when等+不定式 David was not sure how to deal with the problem.‎ David不确定该如何应对这个问题。‎ make sure (of sth./that) 确保；查明 You'd better make sure of the time and place for the meeting.‎ 你最好把开会的时间和地点弄清楚。‎ Make sure that you put down every word she says.‎ 确保要记下她说的每一个字。‎ Begin begin/start to do sth. = begin/start doing sth. 表示“开始做某事”‎ to begin with起初，开始,首先=at first The child began/started to cry/crying when her mother left home.‎ 当妈妈离开家时，这个孩子开始哭了。‎ beginning n.开头；开端 at the beginning of 在……开始 in/at the beginning 开始，起初=at first from the very beginning一开始 from beginning to end意为“从头到尾”‎ At the beginning of this term, I find it hard to learn math.‎ 这学期初，我发现数学很难学。‎