人教版八年级上册英语知识点 23页

‎ 人教版八年级上册英语知识点 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?‎ 重点短语 go on vacation去度假 stay at home 待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山 ‎ go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 quite a few 相当多 ‎ study for 为……而学习 go out 出去 most of the time 大部分时间 ‎ taste good 尝起来很好吃 have a good time 玩得高兴 of course 当然 ‎ feel like 给……的感觉；感受到 go shopping 去购物 in the past 在过去 ‎ walk around 四处走走 because of 因为 one bowl of… 一碗…… ‎ the next day 第二天 find out 找出；查明 go on 继续 ‎ take photos 照相 something important 重要的事 up and down 上上下下 ‎ come up 出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 ‎ taste + adj. 尝起来…… look+adj. 看起来…… seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来……‎ nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有 arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 ‎ try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 ‎ forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（做了） forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 （未做） ‎ enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想去做某事 start doing sth. 开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth. 继续做某事 ‎ Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做……呢？ so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于…… ‎ tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ‎ have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快 语法讲解 ‎1、something interesting有趣的东西 复合不定代词：1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。‎ somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。‎ somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。‎ ‎2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.‎ ‎3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？‎ ‎ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中 anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：‎ Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）‎ Why don’t you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）‎ If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。‎ 用不定代词或不定副词填空： ‎ 23‎ ‎1. I can’t hear anything = I can hear _________. ‎ ‎2. There is __________ on the floor. Please pick it up. ‎ ‎3. Did ________ go to play basketball with you ? ‎ ‎4. I phoned you last night, but ________ answered it. ‎ ‎5. Maybe __________ put my pencil _________. I can’t find it ___________. ‎ 单选 ‎ 1. No one ________ how to do it. ‎ A.know B. knows C. knowing D. knew ‎ ‎2. Everything_____OK, isn’t it? ‎ A. was B. are C. and D. is ‎ ‎3. There’s________in the newspaper. You should read it. ‎ A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. something important.‎ ‎2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.(翻译)___________________________ ‎ arrive为不及物动词，意为____,‎ arrive in 到达+大地方（国家 省 市） arrive at 到达+小地方（机场 商店等) ‎ get to 到达+地方 reach 到达+地方 ‎ The Smiths_____ New York at 8:00 last night. ‎ A.arrived at B. got to C.reach D.arrived ‎ ‎3. so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. (翻译)_____________ ‎ ‎ decide为及物动词，意为决定，决心。决定做某事：____________. ‎ ‎4. My sister and I tried paragliding. （翻译）____________________ ‎ try to do sth.意为______________;‎ try doing sth.意为________________ ‎ We shouldn’t try _______(study) English, we should try ________(study) English. ‎ ‎5.I felt like I was a bird.(翻译)_______ _________________________. ‎ feel like意为_____后常接_____.另外feel like还意为_____‎ Do you feel like a cup of tea? ‎ ‎6.I wonder what life was like here in the past.（翻译）_____________ ‎ wonder为及物动词，意为“想知道”，后常接疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。‎ I wonder _____ you are doing.(我想知道你正在做什么。) ‎ ‎7.What a difference a day makes! 感叹句，结构为What +名词+主语+谓语！‎ 感叹句的结构补充：________________________________________________ ‎ ‎8. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. ‎ ‎________ 为等候 ,后接人或物。‎ ‎________为太多，后接可数名词复数;‎ ‎ ________+不可数名词（money）; ‎ ‎________为太…后接形容词或副词（big） ‎ 23‎ ‎8 .My father didn’t bring enough money. ‎ Enough“足够”后可接________________，其形式分别为_________；_____________。‎ ‎ (adj/adv)＋enough+ (n) to do sth. 　足够…去做…‎ 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。‎ She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。‎ ‎= She is too young to go to school. (too… to… :太… 而不能…)‎ ‎=She is so young that she can’t go to school.‎ so+adj/adv+that 从句 “如此...以至于...”：She is so popular that everyone likes her.‎ so that 从句 “为了” 如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.‎ ‎9.few与little 的区别：‎ 修饰 肯定 否定 许多 可数 a few一些 few几乎没有 quite a few/not a few 不可数 a little一些 little几乎没有 quite a little/ not a little 如：There is little sugar in the bottle. Can you get some?‎ 10. bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；‎ boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：‎ I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。‎ 相类似的词语还有 interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised 修饰人 interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising 修饰物 11. because of + 名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因 because +　从句 I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。‎ 课后练习 ‎ 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 ‎ ‎1. I didn’t find ______ ( someone ) there. ‎ ‎2. Is there _______( something ) important in today’s newspaper? ‎ ‎3. Look! There is _______ ( anybody ) at home. The light is on. ‎ ‎4. Amy _______ ( meet ) a famous actor yesterday. ‎ ‎5. There _______ ( be ) forty-five students in our class last term. ‎ ‎6. Miss Green ________ ( come ) to China in 2008. ‎ ‎7. Little Tom _______ ( be ) here a moment ago. ‎ ‎8. She _________ ( buy ) a new bag yesterday. ‎ 二、单项选择 ‎ ‎( )1. ----_____ you ______ to the movies？ ---- Yes, I did. ‎ A. Did went B. Did go C. Are went ‎ ‎( )2. ----- How was your weekend? ------ Great! We _______ a picnic in the park. ‎ A. have B. has C. had ‎ 23‎ ‎( )3. Mrs Green with her little daughter _______ at home ______ that rainy night. ‎ A. was on B. were on C. was at ‎ ‎( )4. --- Who told you to clean the windows? ---Miss Wang ______ ‎ A. told B. did C. has told ‎ ‎( )5. ---- Do you always _______ to the zoo? ----- Yes, I ______ yesterday. ‎ A. go go B. go went C. went go ‎ ‎( )6. ---- ______ there any koalas in the zoo last year? ---- No, there ______. ‎ A. Are aren’t B. Were wasn’t C. Were weren’t ‎ ‎( )7.----- Did you go with ______? ------ Yes, I did. ‎ A. someone B. anyone C. somebody ‎ ‎( )8. ----- Did you buy ______ special? ----- No, I didn’t. ‎ A. something B. some things C. anything ‎ 三、句型转换 ‎ ‎1．Lucy played computer games yesterday. ( 改为一般疑问句 ) ‎ ‎______ Lucy _____ computer games yesterday? ‎ 1. We went to the Palace Museum. ( 对划线部分提问 ) ‎ ‎_______ ______ you ______? ‎ 2. There was someone here just now. （ 改为否定句 ）‎ ‎ ___________________________________________ . ‎ 3. She played volleyball just now. （ 改为否定句 ）‎ ‎ She _______ ________ ‎ 4. volleyball just now. They ate a lot of ice cream. ( 对划线部分提问 ) ‎ ‎________ ________ they ________? ‎ 5. My vacation was pretty good. ( 对划线部分提问 ) ‎ ‎________ _______ your vacation? ‎ Unit2 How often do you exercise?‎ such as例如；诸如 junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品 more than超过；多于； ‎ less than不到；少于 help with housework 帮助做家务 on weekends 在周末 ‎ how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不 once a week 每周一次 twice a month 每月两次 be free 有空 go to the movies 去看电影 ‎ swing dance 摇摆舞 stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 at least 至少 ‎ have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early 早点睡觉 ‎ play sports 进行体育活动 be good for 对……有好处 go camping 去野营 not…at all 一点儿也不…… in one’s free time 在某人的业余时间 ‎ the most popular 最受欢迎的 old habits die hard 积习难改 ‎ help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么样？‎ want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 ‎ 23‎ It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 ‎ by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……? 你最喜爱的……是什么？‎ the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 重点语法 ‎ ‎(一) 重点句型 ‎ ‎1.-----What do you usually do on weekends? -----I often go to the movies. ‎ ‎(1) on weekends/on the weekend在周末 (2) go to the movies 去看电影 ‎ ‎2. hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当于 hardly, ever起强调作用。‎ hardly为副词，意为“几乎不没有”，相当于almost not，本身具有否定含义，不能再使用其他否定词。 ‎ E.g. She hardly eats anything. ‎ 辨析: hardly 和hard ‎ hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。 ‎ hardly意为“几乎不” ‎ 练习：(1) The ground is too to dig ‎ ‎(2) I can understand them. ‎ ‎(3) It's raining ,the people can go outside. ‎ ‎3. ----How often do you watch TV? ----Twice a week. ‎ ‎(1) how often 意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”，用来提问频率。 ‎ ‎(2) twice a week 一周两次 ‎ 拓展: 一次 once 两次 twice ‎ 三次或三次以上 基数词+ times eg. three times four times ‎ ‎4. What's your favorite program? = What program do you like best? 你最喜欢的节目是什么？ ‎ ‎5. How come?怎么回事？怎么会？ 表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词why。但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。 ‎ E.g. How come you didn't tell me about it? = Why you didn't tell me about it? ‎ ‎6. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我也许一个月去看一次电影。 ‎ maybe 副词，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 ‎ E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park. ‎ 辨析：maybe 与 may be ‎ maybe副词，作状语，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 ‎ may be 属于“情态动词+be 动词”结构，意为“可能是”。 ‎ 练习：(1) The baby is crying she is hungry. ‎ ‎(2) The woman a teacher . ‎ ‎7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. ‎ ask ab. about sth. 询问某人某事 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人（不要）做某事 ‎8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent o 23‎ f them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. 我们都知道许多学生经常上网，但是让我们感到惊讶的是90%的学生每天都上网，而另外10%的学生一周至少上网达三至四次。 ‎ ‎(1) other adj. “其他的”+名词 ‎ the other adj. “其他的”+名词(在特定的范围内) ‎ one..., the other.... 一个.....另一个 ... ‎ E.g. One of them is blue，the other ones are purple. ‎ others 其他的东西 the others: 其他的东西(在特定的范围内) ‎ E.g. One of the children likes reading，the others like singing. ‎ 后句可替换为the other students like singing. ‎ ‎(2) at least 至少 at most 最多，至多 ‎ E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most. ‎ ‎9. go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：‎ Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking ‎ ‎10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.‎ 关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。 ‎ the answers to our questions 问题的答案 ‎ dance to the music 和着音乐的节奏跳舞 ‎ key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙 ‎ ‎11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. ‎ 尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目，但是娱乐节目是最流行的。 ‎ ‎12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。 ‎ ‎(1) It’s +adj.+to do sth 做某事....的 E.g. It’s very easy to learn English well. ‎ ‎(2) by doing sth. 通过做某事 ‎ ‎(3) the best way to do sth. is做某事的最好方式 ‎13. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。 ‎ stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康 ‎ 14. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。 ‎ ‎15.You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.‎ spend ‎ spend...with sb与...度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱）spend...(in) doing sth e.g. He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.‎ ‎ spend...on sth e.g. He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.‎ 辨析：spend, take, cost, pay区别 1) ‎. spend主语为人，固定搭配：sb spend...on sth或sb spend...(in) doing sth，‎ 可以指花费时间、也可以指花费金钱 ‎ 23‎ ‎2). take 用于 it takes sb ... to do sth句型，仅指花费时间，必须用it作形式主语。‎ ‎3). cost主语必须是物，用于 sth costs sb sth，多指花费金钱。‎ ‎4). pay主语为人，常与for搭配：(1)pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 ‎ It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.‎ The magazine cost him 20 yuan.‎ He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.‎ ‎(二)语法知识: 频度副词 ‎ ‎1. 频度副词的含义 ‎ ‎(1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。 ‎ 常用的频度副词按高低依次: always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never ‎ ‎100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% ‎ ‎(2) 表示具体的频率、次数时，一次用once，两次用twice，三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”表示E.g. three times, four times, six times ‎ ‎2. 频度副词在句中的位置：一般在实意动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后 ‎ E.g. We never eat junk food. ‎ Lucy is sometimes very busy. ‎ I can hardly say a word. ‎ ‎3. 对频度副词提问时，用how often ‎ E.g. ---How often do you go to the movies? ---Once a month Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.‎ 重点短语 ‎1、more outgoing 更外向 2、as…as… 与……一样…… ‎ ‎3、make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 4、be similar to 与……相像的/类似的 ‎ ‎5、the same as 和……相同；与……一致 6、be different from 与……不同 ‎ ‎7、care about 关心；介意 8、be like a mirror 像一面镜子 ‎ ‎9、the most important 最重要的 10、as long as 只要；既然 ‎ ‎11、bring out 使显现；使表现出 12、get better grades 取得更好的成绩 ‎ ‎13、reach for 伸手取 14、in fact 事实上；实际上 ‎ ‎15、make friends (with sb) （与...）交朋友 16、the other 其他的 ‎17、touch one’s heart 感动某人 18、be talented in music 有音乐天赋 ‎ ‎19、be good at 擅长…… 20、be good with 善于与……相处 ‎ ‎21、have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 22、be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 ‎ ‎23、It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。‎ 重点语法 ‎ ‎(一) 重点句型 ‎ 23‎ ‎1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. ‎ 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。 ‎ both (1) 表示“两者都”， both用在含有be动词的句中，应放在be动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面， ‎ ‎(2) both…and…表示“两者都”，both...and在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。 ‎ E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语) ‎ The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)‎ ‎【考例】My parents ________ doctors. ‎ A. both are B. all are C. are all D. are both ‎ 拓展：all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思，‎ every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，‎ each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。 ‎ 练习：用all,both,every,each填空 ‎ ‎1) My brothers and I are ________l at school. ‎ ‎2) ________ student may have one book. ‎ ‎3) ________Tom and Jim are my good friends. ‎ ‎4) Three students are flying kites,they are________ in Class 1. ‎ ‎2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。 ‎ as...as意为“与……一样……”，as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。‎ 其否定结构not as/so...as意为“不如……”。 ‎ E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。 ‎ Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。 ‎ Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。 ‎ 注意：(1) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./adv. +as。 ‎ E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. ‎ ‎(2) 若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。 ‎ E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。 ‎ ‎3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。 ‎ win此处用作不及物V，意为“赢；获胜”；‎ win还可用作及物V，意为“赢得；在…中获胜”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 ‎ E.g. He won the first prize. Who won the race？ ‎ 辨析：win与beat ‎ ① win表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。‎ ‎ E.g. We won the basketball game. ‎ ‎② beat表示“打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。 ‎ 23‎ E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.‎ ‎ (2) though此处作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而”，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。 ‎ E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though. ‎ 拓展：though作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although。 ‎ E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. ‎ 注意：although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中。 ‎ E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. ‎ ‎=He has no money, but he lives very happily. ‎ 4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. ‎ 但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。 ‎ (1) the most important意为“最重要的”，是important的最高级形式。 ‎ important的比较级为more important，形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词the。 ‎ ‎ E.g. I think English is the most important of all the subjects. ‎ The most important thing is to work hard. ‎ ‎(2) have fun意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴”。 ‎ E.g. It’s a good place to have fun. ‎ 拓展：have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣”。 ‎ E.g. Did you have fun visiting that country？ ‎ ‎5. ....truly cares about me... ‎ care about 关心，在意 take care当心 take care of 照顾 ‎ 练习：用适当的词组填空 ‎ ‎1) Your mother truly____________you. ‎ ‎2) He has to ____________ his sister. ‎ ‎3) ____________ not to fall into the river. ‎ ‎6. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。 ‎ ‎(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事” ‎ E.g. His father always makes him get up before five o’clock. ‎ 拓展：make的用法：① 固定搭配 eg. make food 做饭 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱 ‎ ① make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到……；使……处于某种状态 ‎ E.g. The soft music makes Tina sleepy. ‎ ② make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为…… ‎ E.g. The party made her a good teacher. ‎ ③ make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号to) ‎ E.g. Wars make the peace go away. ‎ 注意：当make用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号to. ‎ E.g. We were made to work all night. ‎ I was made to repeat the story. ‎ 23‎ (1) 辨析：laugh与smile ‎ ① laugh一般表示“出声地(大)笑”，不但有面部表情，而且还有声音。‎ laugh at...意为“嘲笑……；因……而发笑”。 ‎ E.g. Don’t laugh when you have a meal. ‎ ‎② smile一般表示“无声地微笑”，指的是面部表情。 smile at...意为“向……微笑”。 ‎ E.g. He smiled at me. ‎ ‎7. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too. ‎ talented为形容词，意为“有才能的，有才干的”，其比较级形式为more talented。‎ be talented in“在……方面有天赋”。 ‎ E.g. She is a talented musician. 她是一名天才音乐家。 ‎ ‎ The boy is talented in dancing. 这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。 ‎ ‎8.I’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。 ‎ ‎(1) serious为形容词，意为“严肃的；稳重的”。 E.g. My math teacher is very serious in class. ‎ 拓展：① nothing serious意为“没有什么严重的”。 ② be serious about... 意为“对……认真”。‎ E.g. Is she serious about giving up her job？‎ ‎9. That’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class. ‎ ‎ 那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。 ‎ That’s why...意为“那就是……的原因”，why引导的句子作表语，是表语从句。 ‎ E.g. That’s why I don’t want to leave here. I got up late, and that’s why I missed the bus. ‎ ‎10. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。‎ ‎ 形式主语结构：“It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。‎ E.g. It’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day. ‎ It’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone. ‎ 11. But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. ‎ 但是我认为朋友就像书一样——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。 ‎ as long as意为“只要；既然”，引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词can时，所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 ‎ ‎ e.g.You can leave here as long as you tell the truth. ‎ You will get good grades as long as you work hard. ‎ 12. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而，拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的一面。‎ ‎ bring out意为“使显现；使表现出”。 ‎ E.g. I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。 ‎ bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来 ‎ E.g. Please tell me how to bring out the best in me. ‎ ‎13. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. ‎ 我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。 ‎ 23‎ if作连词，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，常用于ask，know，wonder，find out等动词(短语)之后。‎ E.g. I don’t know if he is at home. He asks me if I like music. ‎ ‎14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. ‎ 真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。 ‎ (1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物”，reach此处作不及物动词，意为“伸手”。 ‎ E.g. He reaches for the box, but he is too short. ‎ 拓展：reach作及物动词，意为“到达；抵达”。 E.g. When will you reach Beijing？ ‎ 辨析：reach, get to与arrive ‎ ① reach为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。 E.g. They reached Hangzhou yesterday. ‎ ② get to后接地点名词，如果接there，here或home等地点副词，to必须省略。 ‎ E.g. How did you get to the station？ ‎ ‎③ arrive为不及物动词，后接地点名词时必须加介词at或in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用in，到迭学校、商店等小的地方用at。接there，here或home等地点副词时不用介词in或at。 ‎ E.g. I arrived at the company three hours ago. They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday. ‎ ‎(2) touch及物动词，意为“感动；触摸”。 ‎ E.g. The sad story touched us. He touched his son’s head lightly. ‎ 练习 1) Our hometown is more beautiful than before, ________？（济南中考） ‎ A. Isn’t it B．is it C．Doesn’t it D．does it ‎ 2) Li Hua’s shoes are as ________ as Zhang Hui’s. （湖南常德中考） ‎ A． cheap B．cheaper C．the cheaper ‎ 3) She sang a song I believe I can fly in Yangzhou English c1assics Reading Contest. I have never heard a ________ voice than that before. （江苏扬州中考） ‎ A．good B．well C．better D．best 形容词和副词的比较级 一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级 ‎2. 比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。‎ ‎3. 加more/most ~的情况：①.部分双音节和多音节词；②.-ed/ing结尾的词；③adj+ly→adv.‎ ‎4. 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。‎ big hot fat thin red wet sad 二．比较级基本句型：‎ ‎↗系动词+ adj.（比） 如： Lucy is slower than Lily.‎ ‎1．主语+谓语动词+adj./adv（比）+ than+ 对比成分 ‎↘实义动词+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.‎ ‎2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)‎ 同级比较 ‎ ‎3． … as+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “如同…一样…”‎ ‎ 否定：… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “不如……一样……”‎ ‎4．比较级＋and＋比较级：越来越…… e.g. They talked more and more loudly.‎ 23‎ ‎5. The比较级…,the＋比较级…：越…就越… The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be.‎ ‎6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?‎ ‎7. the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较…的一个 E.g. Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .‎ ‎8. 常用the one代单数可数名词, the ones /those 代替复数名词, that 代替不可数名词.‎ e.g. The book here is newer than the one on the desk．‎ The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box.‎ The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.‎ ‎9. 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。‎ e.g. I am (5 years) older than him．The room is (3 times) as large as that one.‎ 注意：1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。‎ ‎2. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用.‎ ‎3. than 后的比较状语结构: e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do).‎ ‎10. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化： ‎ ‎ 原 级 比较级 最高级 ‎ ‎ good/well better best ‎ ‎ bad/badly worse worst ‎ ‎ many/much more most ‎ ‎ little less least ‎ ‎ far farther（更远）/further（更深远） farthest(最远)/furthest（最深远） ‎ as…(原级)as与……一样…… not as/so…as不如 E.g.Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom. ‎ Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy. ‎ 练习：1).not as… as 之间要用原级 ‎2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= ‎ ‎ A + 形容词的反义词的比较级 + than + B ‎= B + 形容词的比较级 + than +A Tom is not as tall as I =‎ Tom is _____ ______ I.‎ I am ______ _____ Tom .‎ This book is not as expensive as that one .=‎ This book is ______ ______ than that one .‎ That book is ______ ______ than this book . ‎ Unit4 What's the best movie theater?‎ 重点短语 1. movie theater 电影院 close to… 离……近 clothes store 服装店 in town 在镇上 ‎ 2. so far 到目前为止 10 minutes by bu坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show 才艺表演 ‎ 23‎ 1. have…in common有相同特征 around the world 世界各地；全世界 and so on 等等 ‎ 2. ‎ all kinds of…… 各种各样的 be up to 是……的职责；由……决定 ‎ 3. not everybody 并不是每个人 make up 编造（故事、谎言等） take…seriously 认真对待 4. play a role in doing sth 在做某事方面扮演重要的角色 for example 例如 ‎ 5. give sb. sth . 给某人某物 come true （梦想、希望）实现；达到 ‎ 6. Can I ask you some…? 我能问你一些……吗？ How do you like…? 你认为……怎么样？ ‎ 7. Thanks for doing sth. 因做某事而感谢。 What do you think of…? 你认为……怎么样?‎ 8. much+ adj./adv.的比较级 ……得多 watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 ‎ 9. more and more…… 越来越…… one of+可数名词的复数 ……之一 最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。‎ 1. 最高级基本句型结构 ‎↗ 系动词+ the+adj.(最) of + 同类 ( of all/us..)‎ ‎1. 主语 + 谓语动词 + the + adj./adv.(最) +‎ ‎↘ 实义动词+ (the)+ adv.(最） in + 范围 (in China...)‎ 如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class.‎ 注：1). 副词的最高级前可省略 “the”： 如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适 ‎2). 最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the”： my best friend ‎2. Which / Who …+the + 最高级…, A, B or C ?‎ e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges?‎ ‎3. one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： “最…之一”。‎ e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world.‎ ‎4. the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China.‎ ‎5. This is the +最高级（形）+名（单）+ that 从句：‎ e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。‎ 原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换 ‎1、原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than → not...as/so...as...‎ e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. → I don’t speak as/so loudly as he/him.‎ ‎2、比较级与最高级的转换： ‎ the other +名（复）‎ ‎（在范围之内） the+最高级 → 比较级+than+ any other+名（单）‎ e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.‎ Jim is taller than any other student in our class.‎ Jim is taller than the other students in our class.‎ Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?‎ 重点短语 1. talk show 谈话节目 game show 游戏节目 soap opera 肥皂剧 go on 发生；继续 2. watch a movie 看电影 a pair of一双；一对 try one’s best 尽某人最大努力 ‎ 23‎ 1. as famous as 与……一样有名 have a discussion about 就……讨论 2. one day 有一天 such as 例如 dress up 打扮；梳理 take sb.’s place 代替；替换 ‎ 3. do a good job 干得好 something enjoyable 令人愉快的东西 one of…… 之一 ‎ 4. ‎ look like 看起来像 around the world 全世界 a symbol of ……的象征 ‎ 5. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 plan to do sth. 计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 ‎ 6. expect to do sth. 盼望做某事 How about doing…做……怎么样？‎ 7. be ready to do sth乐于做某事;准备好做某事 ‎ 8. try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事动词不定式做宾语 ‎ 9. think of 认为；想起 learn from 从……获得；向……学习 ‎ 10. find out 查明；弄清楚 interesting information 有趣的资料 ‎ ‎ 语法讲解 plan ‎ ‎1. (n)计划： make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth. 制定计划做…‎ ‎ make a plan for sth. 为…制定计划 如: make a plan for your trip.‎ ‎(v)计划;打算：plan (to do) sth 如: plan (to have) a trip (planning; planned)‎ stand ‎ 站立：stand up ‎ 容忍（否）: can’t stand (doing) sth. 如: I can’t stand telling lies.‎ ‎2. --- What do you think of soap operas? --- I don’t mind them.‎ think of ‎ ‎1). 认为；以为：如: What do you think of sitcoms.‎ 想起；记得：如: I can’t think of his name now.‎ 考虑；关心：如: Lei Feng always thought of other people first 想一想； 想象：如: Think of the past, you’ll feel happier.‎ think about: 考虑 如: He is thinking about going on vacation .‎ think highly/lightly of sb. /sth.: 对…评价甚高/ 轻视 ； 看重/看轻 如: Mr. Black thinks highly of his students.‎ ‎2). (n) 头脑；想法；心思 如: Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不烦 mind ‎ ‎ (v)注意；留心： 如: Mind your head! 当心别碰头！Mind your own business! 别管闲事 介意；反对（否，疑问，条状）+Ving 如: Would you mind opening the window?‎ ‎ make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做…..‎ change one’s mind：改变想法 out of one’s mind： 失去理智 to my mind：依我看 never mind： 没关系 ‎3. I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.‎ hope ‎ ‎(n)希望：如: He never gave up his hope.‎ ‎1). (v)希望：hope to do sth.（不能用hope sb to do sth这个结构） …hope +that从句.‎ I hope so. 我希望如此。 I hope not. 我不希望如此。‎ wish ‎ ‎2)． 但愿（虚拟）： …wish +that从句. 如: I wish that I were a bird.‎ 希望： …wish（sb.） to do sth. 如: Do you really wish me to go?‎ 祝愿：wish +sb.+ adj./n. 如: wish you success; wish you a happy New Year.‎ find ‎ ‎ 找到；发现 如: I found a wallet lying on the ground. 我发现一只钱包掉在地上 23‎ ‎3). 认为；发觉 如: I found it necessary to take exercise.‎ find out ：查明；弄清楚 如: You’d better find out who broke the window.‎ look for ：寻找 如: They looked for it everywhere, but they didn’t find it go on ‎ ‎4). 发生(happen)：What’s going on here?‎ 进展：How did you go on in your study? 你的学习进展得怎么样？‎ 继续：go on doing sth. = go on with sth. it will go on raining all day.‎ ‎4．We had a discussion about TV shows. 我们讨论了电视节目。 discussion(n); discuss(v)‎ have a discussion ‎ about sth. = discuss (about) sth. 讨论……‎ with sb. = discuss with sb. 与…… 讨论 ‎5. I like to follow the story and see what happens next. 我喜欢跟着故事的发展看看接下来发生什么。‎ follow ‎ ‎1). 跟随： 如： I followed her up the steps. 我跟着她上了楼梯 遵循；服从（命令；规则等） 如：Follow my advice.‎ 沿着…前进： 如： Follow the road to the bridge.‎ happen ‎ ‎2). 发生(go on)：What happened to you?= What’s wrong with you?‎ ‎ 巧遇/偶然做...：I happened to be out when you called . 你给我打电话时我正好不在家。‎ ‎6．You can expect to learn a lot/ much from sitcoms. 你能期望从情景喜剧中学到很多。‎ expect ‎ ‎1). 期望；盼望：expect sth/that+从句: I expect the result.‎ expect (sb. )to do sth. I expect (you) to win the game.‎ 预料；认为：I expect that he will come soon.‎ ‎2).learn… from ：从…中学到… ; learn from … ：向…学习 ‎7. famous be famous for...: 因（技能；特色）........出名 Edison was famous for his inventions 有名的；著名的 be famous as...: 作为（身份；产地）.......出名 He is famous as a magacian.‎ ‎8.appear 出现；露面 : My friend didn’t appear until 6 o’clock.‎ come out ‎ ‎9. 出来；花开；发芽 ： It’s wonderful to watch the stars come out at night.‎ ‎ (书刊、产品等）上市；发行：His new record（唱片）came out last week.‎ ‎ (秘密；真相）传出；大白： The truth will come out sooner or later.‎ ‎10. He become very rich and successful.‎ ‎1). rich: 有钱的；丰富的 He is rich in experience. 他经验丰富 ‎2). successful(adj)/ successfully(adv) 成功的 ‎11. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. 主要原因之一是米老鼠就像一个普通人，他总是尽力面对任何危险。‎ ‎1）reason: 理由 the reason for (doing) sth.做某事的理由/原因 It is his reason for being late.‎ try ‎ ‎2） 尽力做...: try to do sth. I try to solve the problem myself.我尽力自己解决问题 尝试做...: try doing sth. He tried opening the door, but he failed have a try: 试一试 try on：试穿（衣、鞋等）‎ any ‎ ‎3) 无论哪个;任何（肯）： You can ask me any question at any time.‎ 若干；一些(否、疑问)：Are there any messages for me?‎ ‎4) danger(n)--- dangerous(adj)危险的；in danger 处于危险中； out of danger 摆脱危险 ‎12. ready 愿意的；准备好的 be ready to do sth. 准备/乐于做... ; be ready for sth. 为...做准备 ‎ 23‎ get ready to do sth./ for sth. (为)准备（做...）‎ ‎13. She dresses up like a boy and takes her father’s place to fight in the army.‎ ‎(n) 女裙；礼服 ‎ dress ‎ ‎(vi) 穿衣 : She dresses casually. 她穿着随意。‎ ‎(vt) 给...穿衣+sb: The little girl can dress herself.‎ ‎ dress up: 化妆;打扮 dress up as sb.化妆成某人 be /get dressed (in...)穿...衣 ‎ take one’s place = take the place of sb. : 代替；替换 take place : 发生(happen)‎ Unit6 I'm going to study computer science.‎ ‎ 重点短语 ‎ make sure 确信；务必 send…to… 把……送到…… be able to能够做某事 ‎ the meaning of ……的意思 different kinds of 不同种类的 write down 写下；记下 ‎ have to do with 关于；与……有关系 take up 开始做；学着做 hardly ever 几乎不；很少 ‎ too…to… 太……而不能……/太……以至于不能 be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 ‎ practice doing 练习做某事 keep on doing sth 不断地做某事 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 ‎ finish doing sth. 做完某事 promise to do sth许诺去做某事 remember to do sth. 记住做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 love to do sth. 喜爱做某事 ‎ want to do sth. 想要做某事 agree with同意 grow up 成长；长大 ‎ be sure about 对……有把握 语法讲解 ‎1. What do you want to be when you grow up?‎ grow up 长大；成长 ‎ 1. I’m going to keep on writing stories 我将继续写故事。‎ 保持（状态）： 如： keep healthy. Keep the door open keep ‎ 记（日记、账簿） 如： keep a diary 抚养（人）；饲养（动物） 如： keep his family; keep a pet.‎ 保留；留下 如： You can keep the book for two days.‎ 持续 keep (sb.)doing sth. (不停)做… 如：They kept me talking.‎ keep on doing sth. 继续做某事… 如：keep on trying ‎3. Just make sure you try your best.‎ be sure ‎ ‎ to do sth. 一定会... 如：She is sure to pass the text.‎ ‎ of /about sth. 对...有把握 如：I’m sure of the result.‎ ‎ that 从句 确信... 如：I’m sure that he will succeed.‎ sure ‎ ‎ 确信的 Be sure to do sth. 一定要/务必 如：Be sure to come tomorrow.‎ ‎ 有把握的 make sure of sth. 如：You should make sure of the time.‎ ‎ 务必 确保；核实+ that 从句 如：Make sure (that) anyone else knows the secrets ‎ sure = certainly = of course 当然（回答请求）‎ ‎4、I’m going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers.‎ send ‎ 邮寄；发送 如：send a letter/ message 23‎ send sb sth =send sth to sb 给某人寄某物 ‎ ‎5.Sounds like a good plan. (=That sounds like a good plan.) 听起来像一个好计划。‎ sound ‎ ‎(n)声音 voice： 嗓音；说话声 noise：噪音 ‎ (v)听起来 sound+adj That sounds wonderful.(feel/smell/taste/look )‎ 听起来像sound like sth. It sounds like a good idea.‎ ‎6.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos.‎ 有些人也许会说他们将会开始一项业余爱好，比如绘画或摄影 拿起 please take up your book and read.‎ take up 开始做（兴趣） He took up (playing) golf when he was a child.‎ ‎ 占用（时、空） The desk takes up too much room. I’m sorry to take up your time.‎ 1. Make resolutions. 下决心 ‎8.For this reason 为此；因此；因为这个原因 ‎ ‎9. Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork.‎ 有些决心是与更好地计划有关，比如为学习做周计划。‎ have to do with... 与...有关 have nothing to do with...与...无关 ‎ 10. Most of the time, we make promises to other people. 大部分时候，我们向别人做出承诺。‎ promise ‎ ‎(n)承诺；诺言 make promises （to sb.）to do sth. 许下承诺...‎ ‎ promise (sb.) to do sth. I promise (you) not to tell anyone.‎ ‎ (v)承诺 promise that从句 He promised (that) he would help me.‎ ‎ 保证 promise sb.sth.=promise sth. to sb. I can’t promise you anything.‎ ‎ I promise myself to travel around the world one day.‎ keep a promise :遵守承诺 break a promise 违背承诺 11. The first resolution is about my own personal improvement. 第一个决心与自我提高有关。‎ own ‎ ‎1) (v) 拥有 ： He owned his own study. 他拥有自己的书房。‎ ‎ (adj)自己的 ： I saw the accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到的这起事故。‎ owner: 所有者；拥有者 ；主人 ‎2). improve(v):(使）好转；改善 I expect to improve my English. improvement (n) 改进；改善 improve on sth. 对…做出改进： He improved on his plan.‎ Unit 7 Will people have robots?‎ 重点短语 on computer 在电脑上 on paper 在纸上 live to do 200 years old 活到200岁 ‎ free time空闲时间 in danger 处于危险之中 on the earth 在地球上 ‎ play a part in sth 参与某事 space station 太空站 look for寻找 ‎ computer programmer 电脑编程员 in the future 在未来 hundreds of 许多；成百上千 ‎ the same…as… 与……一样 over and over again 多次；反复地 get bored 感到厌烦的 ‎ wake up 醒来 fall down 倒塌 will+动词原形 将要做…… ‎ fewer/more+可数名词复数 更少/更多…… less/more+不可数名词 更少/更多…… ‎ have to do sth.不得不做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 ‎ 23‎ such+名词（词组） 如此…… play a part in doing sth. 参与做某事 ‎ There will be + 主语+其他 将会有…… There is/are +sb./sth.+doing sth.有……正在做某事 ‎ make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的 fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌 语法讲解 ‎1. Books will only be on computers, not on paper. 书将只在电脑里， 而不是在纸上。‎ paper ‎ ‎(u.n)纸：a piece of paper一张纸The paper is too small. Could you give me a big piece ？ ‎ ‎ (c.n)试卷；论文；报纸： The students are busy doing their papers.‎ ‎2. There will be more pollution. 将会有更多的污染。‎ ‎1). There will be + n = There is/are going to be + n 将会有… (不能have与连用)‎ e.g. There will be a football match this Friday.=There is going to be a football match this Friday.‎ ‎2). pollution(u.n): 污染；公害 pollute(v)：污染；弄脏 polluted(adj)：受污染的 ‎3. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 每个人应该参与挽救地球。‎ part ‎ ‎ 部分；参加；零件；器官 some parts of the machine；every part of the body.‎ 参加；参与 = take part in …‎ play a part in (doing) sth. 在…起作用/有影响 = play a role in…‎ ‎4. I’ll fly rockets to the moon.= I’ll go to the moon by rocket. 我将乘火箭去月球。‎ ‎5. Today there are already robots working in factories. 现在已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。‎ There be sb. doing sth. 有某人正在做… There is a bird singing in the tree.‎ ‎6.They agree it may take hundreds of years. 他们同意这可能花费几百年的时间。‎ ‎1).It takes + 时间 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人花费时间区做某事。‎ It took me half an hour to finish my homework.‎ 1) ‎. agree to do sth.同意做某事 We agree to meet up later and talk things over(认真商量)‎ agree ‎ agree to sth Is she going to agree to our idea?‎ agree with sb./opinion（观点）/what he said.‎ ‎3). hundreds of 具体数字+ hundred ‎7. Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future.‎ believe ‎ ‎1). believe +that 从句 “相信......”‎ believe sb. 相信某人的话。‎ ‎ 2). believe in sth. 信仰；信赖；相信(…的存在) Do you believe in God?‎ ‎3). believe it or not. 信不信由你；I believe so. 我这样认为；I believe not. 我不这样认为 ‎8. Which side do you agree with? 你同意哪一方的观点？‎ side:一方;一边;一面;一侧等 change sides 改变立场、观点 side by side 肩并肩 ‎9. If buildings fall down with people inside, these snake robots can help look for people under the building. 如果楼房倒塌而里面还有人，蛇形机器人就能帮助寻找人。‎ fall ‎ ‎(n)秋天（美）= autumn Leaves turn red in the fall.‎ ‎（物）落下；掉落 The rain began to fall again.‎ ‎ (v) （价格、温度、声音等）下降 The temperature fell to below 00C.‎ 变为（状态） fall asleep ; fall ill 23‎ 词组：fall down: 跌倒; (物) 倒塌 ‎ ‎10.I think I’ll take a holiday in Hong Kong when possible.我想如果可能的话我会去香港度假。‎ take a holiday: 去度假 ; when possible = if possible: 如果可能的话 一般将来时 ‎1. 含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.‎ ‎1). In the future, there will be less fresh water.‎ ‎2). They’re going to buy some food right away.‎ ‎2. 常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:in the future, in + 一段时间, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next (month), later等 ‎3. 结构: 1) will +动词原形 （第一人称用shall） 2) be going to +动词原形 ‎3). 否定： 一加二改 ： 一加（助动词 + not ）; 二改 （some 改为 any ）‎ He will visit you tomorrow. --- He won’t visit you tomorrow.‎ They aren’t going to buy any food.‎ ‎4). 一般疑问：一提二改三升调：把（will / be）提 到句首；把some改为any、句号改为问好；‎ ‎ Will he visit you tomorrow? ------ Yes, he will. / No, he won’t.‎ ‎ Are they going to buy any food? ------ Yes , they are. / No, they aren’t.‎ ‎4. 注意：‎ ‎1). 在口语中， will常缩写为’ll， will not常缩写为won’t.‎ ‎2). 在疑问句中， 主语为第一人称（I 和we）时，常用助动词shall：‎ Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow？‎ ‎3). be going to 也可以表示将要发生的动作或安排，含有“计划，准备”的意思。更强调主观：‎ I’m going to take a trip this weekend；‎ 而will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情: He will be twenty years old next month.‎ 从不严格的语法角度而言 ，be going to与 will二者可以.‎ ‎4). There be 句型的一般将来时结构为：‎ There is/are going to be + n... 或 There will be + n...: 将会有... (不能与have连用)‎ ‎5). come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将来：‎ He is arriving at 8 o’clock tomorrow.‎ Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?‎ 重点短语 milk shake奶昔 turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 ‎ pour…into…把……倒入…… a cup of yogurt一杯酸奶 a good idea好主意 ‎ cut up切碎 put…into…把……放入…… one more thing还有一件事 ‎ a piece of一片/张/段/首…… a few一些；几个 fill… with…用……把……装满 ‎ cover…with…用……覆盖…… one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次 ‎ how many+可数名词复数 多少…… how much+不可数名词 多少…… ‎ It’s time (for sb.)+to do sth. 到（某人）做某事的时间了 ‎ First…Next…Then…Finally 首先……接下来……然后…….最后…… ‎ 23‎ want to do sth.想要做某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 how to do sth.如何做某事 ‎ need to do sth.需要做某事 make+宾语+形容词 使……怎样 let sb do sth.让某人做某事 ‎ 语法讲解 ‎1. How do you make a banana milk shake? 你怎样制作一份香蕉奶昔?‎ ‎2. Turn on the blender. 打开搅拌器。‎ turn on：打开（电、煤气、水等） Will you please turn on the light? It’s too dark.‎ turn off: 关掉（电、煤气、水等） Please turn the light off when you leave the building.‎ ‎3. cut up the bananas. 把香蕉切碎。cut：(n)切口；伤口；(v) 切，割，剪，砍，削等 cut… into… ：把…切成… cut the turkey into pieces.‎ cut off： 切断；中断 He almost cut off his finger while working.‎ cut up 切碎；剁碎 cut the onion up in small pieces.‎ cut down：砍倒；削减 They cut down the old trees in order to build a new factory.‎ ‎4. A: How much yogurt do we need? B: We need one cup of yogurt.‎ ‎1). how many: 多少 + 可数名词： how many watermelons do you need?‎ how much 多少 + 不可数名词： How much cheese/sugar do we need?‎ 多少钱= What’d the price of…? How much is the butter?‎ ‎2). (n) : There’s no need for you to hurry. 你没有必要慌张。‎ need ‎ Sb. need sth. She needs help.‎ ‎(v实) Sb. need to do sth. You need to get it back tomorrow.‎ ‎ (v情: ) You needn’t tell me. 你没有必要告诉我。‎ ‎ Need I go there? Yes, you must./have to. No, you needn’t.‎ 4. Next，fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接下来，把这个面包混合物填充到火鸡里。‎ fill ‎ 1) ‎. 使充满；装满: fill ...with... ‎ ‎ be filled with = be full of ‎ Fill the bottle with water. = The bottle is filled with / is full of water.‎ ‎(n)混合物(=mixture)；食品混合干配料 a cake mix mix ‎ 使掺和；使混合： She mixes the flour and milk together.‎ 2) ‎. （v） mix…and/with…: 把…与…调在一起 He mixed red paint and yellow pain ‎ ‎6.When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.‎ 当一切就绪后，将火鸡放在一个大盘子里，再用调味汁将它覆盖。‎ cover ‎ ‎(n) 盖子；封面；罩： The book has a blue cover.‎ 覆盖；遮盖： cover … with… = …be covered with…‎ ‎(v) She covered the table with a cloth. = The table was covered with a cloth.‎ 掩饰；隐瞒 Jim tried to cover his mistake with a joke.‎ ‎7.Finally, serve it to your friends with some vegetables. 最后与其它食物一起端出来供朋友使用。‎ 为…服务/工作/效力： serve people.‎ serve ‎ ‎ 接待；服侍（顾客）：Are you being served? 你点过菜了吗？/有人接待你吗？‎ Serve sth to sb=serve sb sth用...招待...：serve the fish to the guests.‎ ‎8. Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles! 现在，到了享用米粉的时候了。‎ 23‎ It’s time ‎ for sth. : It’s time for supper.‎ to do sth. It’s time to have supper 是…的时候了 for sb. to do sth. It’s time for you to get up.‎ 可数名词与不可数名词 一．初中常见的不可数名词有：‎ ice ice cream glass hair air water milk bread sugar rice meat cheese weather traffic homework advice housework information peace trouble food fish tea drink coffee fruit snow education knowledge music paper orange chicken friendship pollution work news salad popcorn corn salt pepper gravy honey soup porridge sunshine light money rain wind Chinese Japanese English beef pork oil juice...‎ 二．1．既可修饰可数名词也可修饰：all, some, most, a lot of, lots of, plenty of …‎ ‎2．修饰可数名词的词有：数词（one...）, few, a few, many, a number of...‎ ‎3. 修饰不可数名词的词有：little, a little, a bit of, much...‎ ‎4. 不可数名词通常用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”表示复数： three pieces of paper 祈使句 一． 定义：祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。‎ 二．结构：‎ ‎1. 肯定的祈使句：动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. Be careful!‎ ‎2．否定的祈使句: 1). Don't + 动词原形 Don’t laugh at others.‎ ‎2). No + v-ing/n. No smoking! No noise, please.‎ ‎3). Let’s not do sth. Let’s not waste time.‎ Unit 9 Can you come to my party?‎ 重点短语 have the flu患感冒 help my parents帮助我的父母 come to the party来参加聚会 ‎ another time其他时间 last fall去年秋天 go to the party去聚会 ‎ hang out常去某处；泡在某处 the day after tomorrow后天 the day before yesterday前天 ‎ have a piano lesson上钢琴课 look after照看；照顾 accept an invitaton接受邀请 ‎ turn down an invitation拒绝邀请 take a trip去旅行 at the end of this month这个月末 ‎ look forward to盼望；期待 the opening of… ……的开幕式/落成典礼 ‎ reply in writing书面回复 go to the concert去听音乐会 not…until直到……才 ‎ meet my friend会见我的朋友 visit grandparents拜访祖父母 study for a test为考试学习 ‎ have to不得不 too much homework太多作业 invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 ‎ what引导的感叹句结构：What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！ ‎ What+adj.+名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！ ‎ help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事 be sad to do sth.做某事很悲伤 prepare for为……做准备 ‎ see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事 see sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 ‎ the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式 have a surprise party for sb.为某人举办一个惊喜派对 ‎ 23‎ ‎ 语法讲解 ‎1、prepare意为“准备”   prepare for sth. 为…做准备 prepare to do sth 准备做某事。‎ prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。‎ get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。‎ ‎ 常见结构有：①be ready(for sth．) ②be /get ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)‎ We _____ the mid-term examination. Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______before class.‎ ‎2.have the flu 患感冒 ‎3. hang out 常去某处，泡在某处 hang out with sb 与某人闲逛 ‎4. catch you =see you = bye bye ‎ catch a cold感冒 catch sb’s eye引起某人注意 catch the train 赶上火车 catch up with =keep up with 赶上，跟上 ‎ ‎5.accept 接受 , 反义词为： refuse。 ‎ accept指主观上愿意接受，receive 收到，指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。 ‎ e.g. I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.‎ ‎6. at the end of 在…末尾，在…尽头， by the end of 到…末为止 in the end of 终于 ‎7. surprised 形容词，感到意外的，主语是人 be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到意外 surprising 形容词，令人惊讶的，主语是物 The news was surpring.‎ surprise 名词，惊奇、惊讶: to one’s surprise使某人吃惊 动词，使惊奇，使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth.‎ 1. look forward to 期待，盼望，to 是介词，后跟n/代词/Ving作宾语。‎ 2. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb. hear of = hear about 听说 3. make it 在约定的时间内到达，能够来 = arrive in time; Glad you could make it.‎ 商量确定的时间，表示将来某项计划的安排，后接时间状语。 Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday.‎ 成功办成某事 = succeed After years of hard work, he finally made it.‎ ‎11.reply 回答;回复，指用口头或书面形式回答，不及物动词 reply to sb/sth. 对…..作出回答。‎ 作及物动词，意为 回答，回答说。作名词，意为：答道，回信，答复，后跟介词 to .‎ answer 是最普通的用语，包括口头，书面或行动的回答，可作及物和不及物动词。‎ Unit10 If you go to the party,you 'll have a great time!‎ 重点短语 stay at home 待在家里 have a class party 进行班级聚会 half the class 一半的同学 ‎ make some food 做些食物 order food 订购食物 have a class meeting 开班会 ‎ at the party 在聚会上 potato chips 炸土豆片，炸薯条 in the end 最后 ‎ make mistakes 犯错误 go to the party 去参加聚会 have a great/good 玩得开心 ‎ give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议 go to college 上大学 ‎ make（a lot of）money 赚（许多）钱 travel around the world 环游世界 ‎ get an education 得到教育 keep…to oneself 保守秘密 talk with sb. 与某人交谈 ‎ in life 在生活中 be angry at/about sth. 因某事生气 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 ‎ 23‎ run away 逃避；逃跑 the first step 第一步 in half 分成两半 ‎ solve a problem 解决问题 school clean-up 学校大扫除 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 ‎ give sb. sth. 给某人某物 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 ‎ too…to do sth. 太……而不能做某事 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 ‎ advise sb. to do sth. 劝告某人做某事 It’s best (not) to do sth. 最好（不）做某事 ‎ ‎ 语法讲解 一、If引导的条件状语从句 (主将从现) if 用做连词时，可以表示“如果；假如”，用来引导一个条件状语从句。如：  I will go if he asks me. If you eat bad food, you may be ill.  注意：在主句和条件状语从句中的动词都表示将来的动作时，主句中常用一般将来时，含有情态动词的句子或祈使句，也可以是谓语含有want, hope, wish等动词的句子，但从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。如：  We will come to see you if we have time. You won’t be able to pass the exam if you don’t work hard.   I  hope to visit her if  I  am free.‎ ‎ 1、 I  think  I  am going to the party  with  Karen and Ann. 2、Half of class won ’ t come.   half  一半（的）。 half 常用于名词或修饰名词的冠词前面，即half a/an/the/one ’s +n. 还可以用于a half +n. 这种结构。如：  P lease cut the cake into halves.  T he little boy drank half a bottle of water.== the little boy drank a half bottle of water.  注意：half 短语作主语时，谓语动词与half后的名词保持一致：Half of the children are from  Chinese . 二、should的用法 ‎ 23‎