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初中英语人教版八年级上册知识点整理

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八年级英语上册知识点整理 Unit1 Where did you goon vacation?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。‎ 用法注意 ‎1.some 和any+可数名/不可数名。‎ some 多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。‎ ‎2. 由some, any, no,every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单。‎ ‎3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如:something interesting ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth  为某人买某物 ‎2. taste + adj. 尝起来……‎ ‎3. nothing...but + V.(原形)除了……之外什么都没有 ‎4. seem + (to be) + adj  看起来 ‎5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 ‎6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 ‎7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 ‎8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事         ‎ ‎9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 ‎10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.‎ ‎11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分:stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 ‎12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 ‎14. so + adj + that + 从句   如此……以至于……‎ ‎16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事 ‎17. keep doing sth.   继续做某事 ‎18. forget to do sth.  忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth   忘记做过某事 ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照 quite a few+名词复数 “许多…”‎ ‎2. seem + 形容词  看起来…... You seem happy today.‎ seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事  I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句 似乎..….  It seems that no one believe you.‎ seem like ... 好像,似乎…..  It seems like a good idea.‎ ‎3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名   “到达......”‎ arrive at +小地点  ‎ ‎(注:若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如:arrive here; get home)‎ ‎4. feel like sth 感觉像…‎ feel doing sth. 想要做某事 ‎5. wonder(想知道)+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。‎ ‎6. because of  +名/代/V-ing because+从句 He can’t take a walk because ofthe rain.‎ I don’t buy the shirt because itwas too expensive.‎ ‎7. enough +名词 足够的…... 形容词/副词+enough 17‎ Unit2 How often do youexercise?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 频率副词: always,usually, often, sometimes, never 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。‎ ‎2.“次数”的表达方法 一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上:基数词+ times, 如:three times, five times,‎ ‎3. how often“多久一次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。‎ 常见的how疑问词:‎ ‎1)How soon 多久(以后)‎ ‎—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?‎ ‎—He will be back in amonth. 他一个月后能回来。‎ ‎2)how long “多久”‎ ‎—How long did it take you toclean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?‎ ‎—It took me half an hour to cleanthe house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。‎ ‎3)How many+名复 How much+不可名 ‎“多少” 问数量(how much 还可问价格)‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. go to the movies 去看电影               ‎ ‎2. look after = take care of 照顾 ‎3. surf the internet 上网                    ‎ ‎4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 ‎5. go skate boarding 去划板                 ‎ ‎6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 ‎7. eating habits 饮食习惯                   ‎ ‎8. take more exercise 做更多的运动          ‎ ‎9. the same as 与什么相同                ‎ ‎10. be different from 不同                 ‎ ‎11. once a month一月一次                  ‎ ‎12. twice a week一周两次          ‎ ‎13. make a difference to 对......有影响/作用        ‎ ‎14. most of the students=moststudents ‎15. shop=go shopping=do someshopping 购物 ‎ ‎16. be good for 对......有益                    ‎ ‎17. be bad for 对......有害                    ‎ ‎18. come home from school放学回家   ‎ ‎19. of course = certainly = sure 当然             ‎ ‎20. get good grades 取得好成绩     ‎ ‎21. keep/be in good health 保持健康          ‎ ‎22. take a vacation 去度假  ‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎1.maybe / may be maybe 是副词,意为“大概, 可能,或许”,一般用于句首。May be是情态动词,意为“可能是...,也许是...,大概是...”.‎ The baby iscrying. Maybe she is hungry.‎ The woman may be ateacher.‎ 17‎ ‎2. a few / few / alittle / little a few (少数的,几个,一些)‎ a little (一点儿,少量)‎ 表示肯定 few (很少的,几乎没有的)‎ little  (很少的,几乎没有的)‎ 表示否定 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 People can live to 100, butfew people can live to 150.‎ There is little timeleft. I won’t catch the first bus.‎ Could you give me alittle milk?‎ ‎3. hard / hardly hard作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地”。hardly为副词,意为“几乎不”。‎ The ground is too hard to dig.‎ I can hardly understandthem.‎ It’s raining hard. The peoplecan hardly go outside.‎ ‎4. As for homework, most students do homework every day .  ‎ as for...意思是“至于;关于”,+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。‎ 如:As for him,I never want to see him here.‎ 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。‎ As for the story,you'dbetter not believe it.‎ 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。‎ ‎5. That soundsinteresting. ‎ 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:‎ It tastes good.  这味道好。‎ The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。‎ The smoke grew heavier andheavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。‎ ‎6. percent  名词,意为“百分之……” ‎ 百分数的表示方法:基数+ percent (不用复数形式),percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。‎ ‎50%:fifty percent 百分之五十 Fifty percent of the apples arebad. 50%的苹果都坏了。‎ Twenty percent of the meat is inthe  fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱 ‎7. not… at all 意为“一点也不”,not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。‎ The story isn’t interesting atall. 那个故事一点也没有趣。‎ ‎8. It is +adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。‎ It is interesting to playcomputer games. 玩电脑很有趣。‎ ‎9. take,spend, pay It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人……时间来做某事”。‎ 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。‎ 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。‎ pay 的主语必须是人,而“花钱买某物”为pay...for...‎ ‎10. however 副词,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末。‎ Unit3 I’m more outgoingthan my sister.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 形容词和副词的比较等级 ‎(1)形容词和副词的原形就是原级 17‎ ‎(2)比较级,表示较……或更……‎ ‎(3)最高级, 表示最...。‎ ‎2. 比较级句型: ‎ ‎(1)A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”(注意:A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)‎ ‎(2)“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”‎ ‎(3)比较A ,B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型:‎ ‎“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,A or B ?”‎ Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?‎ ‎3. 比较级的特殊用法 ‎(1)“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”‎ ‎(2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.‎ ‎(3)主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”‎ ‎4. 两者在某一方面相同:A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.‎ Helen is as tall asAmy.‎ Peter studies as hard as Tom.‎ 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”‎ I am not as tall as my sister.‎ ‎5. 形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。‎ 当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, alittle, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗 ‎2. as...as...与…… 一样 ‎3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛 ‎4. the most important 最重要的 ‎5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋 ‎6. the same as 与……相同 ‎7. care about 关心/留意/关注 ‎8. be different from 与…...不同 ‎9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子 ‎10. as long as 只要;与…...一样长 ‎11. bring out 显示/显出 ‎12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 ‎13. reach for 伸手达到/达到 ‎14. touch one’s heart 感动 ‎15. in fact 事实上 ‎16. make friends 交朋友 ‎17. be good at 在某方面成绩好 ‎18. the other 另一个 ‎19. be similar to 与…相似 ‎20. be good with 与…和睦相处 ‎21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心  ‎ have fun doing sth 做某事很开心 ‎22. do the same thingsas me. 做和我一样的事情 ‎23. It’s+adj+(forsb.)to do sth. “做某事(对某人来说)是...的 ” ‎ ‎24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 ‎ ‎25. as long as  只要;既然,引导条件状语从句 17‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎1. be good at=do well in ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词,表示擅长...... ‎ ‎2. care about 关心 ‎ care for 关爱 take care (当/小心)  ‎ take care of (照顾)=lookafter ‎3. make sb. do sth.: 让(使)某人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)‎ His father always make me get upbefore five o'clock.‎ make sb. +形容词:使某人保持某种状态 My friends always make me happy.‎ ‎4. be like“就像…”I am like your sister.‎ look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.‎ ‎5. That’s why+句子:那就是…的原因/那就是为什么…‎ That's why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。‎ ‎6. be differentfrom 与……不同 反:be the same as 与…… 相同 ‎7. though   ‎ ‎① adv. 不过;可是;然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱)‎ ‎② conj. 虽然;尽管=although,与but 不能同时用在一个句子中 He said he would come. He didn’t,though.  他说他要来,可是并没有来。 ‎ Though/Although he has been deadfor many years, many people still remember him.‎ 尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他。‎ ‎8. get bettergrades 取得更好的成绩 ‎9. does(助动词do/did),为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词。‎ ‎10. be good withsb. 与某人相处得好 Unit4 What’s the bestmovie theater?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 形容词最高级: 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。‎ 标志词:表比较范围时用in/of 形容词最高级前须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可省略the。‎ ‎2. 表示“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型 ‎1)A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围(in/of介词短语)‎ ‎2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语 ‎ ‎3. 常用句式 ‎1) Who/ Which…+ 最高级…, A, B or C ?‎ ‎2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式,  意为“最…之一”。‎ ‎3)序数词后跟形容词最高级 ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. so far 到目前为止,迄今为止 ‎2. no problem 没什么,别客气 ‎3. have….in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同 ‎4. be up to 由…...决定/是…...的职责 ‎5. all kinds of … 各种各样的……‎ ‎6. play a role in doing sth./sth. 发挥作用,有影响 ‎7. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)‎ 17‎ ‎8. for example=e.g. 例如 ‎9. take …..seriously 认真对待 ‎10. not everybody 并不是每个人 ‎11. close to 离..….近 ‎12. more and more 越来越……‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎1. How do you like+名/代/V-ing=What do you think of :“ 你认为…怎么样?”‎ ‎2. Thanks for=Thankyou for +名/代/V-ing:“感谢…”‎ ‎3. You’re welcome.=Not at all. 不客气 ‎4. talent 名(可)天赋  ‎ talent show 才艺表演 talented adj. 有天赋的 be talented in 在......方面有天赋 ‎5. be good at 擅长… (= do well in)  ‎ 反义短语:be poor / weak in  在...方面薄弱 be good for 对……有益,后跟人或事物;其反义短语是be bad for be good to 对……好(和善;慈爱),相当于 befriendly to,后面通常接人 ‎6. all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的 a kind of  一种…...‎ ‎* kind of  有点+adj.:  kind of boring / fat /thin ‎7. win vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n. 赢者 ‎8. watch  sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事 watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事 ‎9. 举例:such as 常列举几个例子,不能穷尽,可和and so on(等等)连用;like可和such as互换;for example 一般只列举一个,作插入语用逗号隔开,可置于句首/句中/句末。‎ ‎ ‎ Unit5 Do you want towatch a game show?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法:Whatdo you think of …?=How do you like…?‎ ‎2. 描述喜好I love/like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…‎ ‎3. 复习巩固一般现在时态:主语+V+其他;主语(三单)+V(三单)+其他)‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. find out 查出/发现 ‎2. be ready to do 准备做…‎ ‎3. dress up 打扮/化妆成 ‎4. take one's place 代替某人 ‎5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色 ‎6. think of 想到/思考 ‎7. game show 游戏节目 ‎8. learn from 向…...学习 ‎9. talk show 访谈节目 ‎10. soap opera 肥皂剧 ‎11. go on 继续 ‎12. watch a movie 看电影 ‎13. one of… 其中之一 ‎14. try one’s best to =do one’sbest to 竭尽全力 17‎ ‎15. a pair of 一双 ‎16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名 ‎17. look like 看起来像 ‎18. around the world 世界各地 ‎19. have a discussion about 讨论…...‎ ‎20. one day 有一天/某一天 ‎21. such as 例如 ‎22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志 ‎23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情 ‎24. interesting information 有趣的信息 ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎1. want + n  想要……‎ want to do sth  想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事……‎ ‎2. mind 介意,其后+名词/代词/V-ing ‎3. stand  ‎ ‎1)“站, 站立”  e.g. Stand up! 起立 ‎2) “忍受”(多用于否定句、疑问句) , 后可+名/代/V-ing ‎4. plan vt. &vi.计划, 打算,plan to do sth.‎ plan 还可作名词,如:make plans 制定计划 ‎5. v. discuss (讨论) + ion→ n. discussion had a discussion about sth. 对某事进行讨论 ‎6. happen v. 发生; 出现 sth+ happens to sb.”或“sthhappened + 时间/地点”句式 ‎7. 情态动词 may 语气弱于can,意为“可能”‎ might 表推测,语气最弱,意为“可能”‎ may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱,意为“可能不”‎ They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。‎ ‎8. expect to dosth. 期盼做某事   ‎ hope to do sth: 希望干某事 很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如:‎ want, like, hope, wish, learn,start, begin, prefer, try, ask ‎9. be famousas 作为……而出名 be famous for sth.  因为......而出名 ‎10. one of… 后跟可数名词复数,表示…之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。‎ One of my favorite movies is Mr.Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。‎ ‎11. show  ‎ n. 节目 TV shows/talent shows;‎ v. 展示 show sth. tosb.= show sb. sth.‎ Unit6  I’m going to study computer science.‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1.want to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为…..”‎ I want to be (be) a scientistwhen I grow up.‎ ‎2.write stories 写故事   ‎ tell stories 讲故事 17‎ ‎3.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事(表动作的反复)‎ keeping doing sth. 保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)‎ ‎4. besure about +名/代/V-ing“肯定”‎ Are you sure about that?‎ make sure (that)+从句“…...确保...…”‎ Make sure that both doors are closed whenyou go out.‎ ‎5.learn sth.  We must learn English every day.‎ learn to do sth.   I amgoing to learn to play ( play) the piano.‎ ‎6. discuss v. 讨论;商量    名词是discussion discuss with sb. 与某人讨论  :‎ Discuss this question with yourpartner.  ‎ Let’sdiscuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。        ‎ All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动,不是讨论。‎ ‎7. beable to do sth. 能够做某事 ‎ ‎(1)can : can+动词原形,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,不能用于将来时。‎ be able to + 动词原形,有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态。‎ ‎(2)can 常指客观上能够;be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。‎ He will be able to(能够) speak English next year.(在此不能填can)‎ ‎8.promise  n. 承诺;诺言  v. 许诺;承诺;答应        ‎ make a promise(to sb) (对某人)许下诺言 keep a promise 遵守诺言    ‎ break a promise 违背诺言 promise (sb) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事 promise (sb) +that 从句 He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。‎ I promised that I study hard from nowon. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。‎ ‎9.have to do with  关于;与……有关系 The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。‎ ‎10. takeup sth./doing sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做 I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。‎ ‎11. Sometimesthe resolutions may be too difficult to keep.‎ too+形容词/副词 to+动词原形,表示“太…...而不能...…”如:‎ The kid is too young to play thisgame. 这个小孩太小,不能玩这个游戏。‎ ‎12.one’sown +名词 “某人自己的东西”, 强调某物为个人所有 my own book 我自己的书本 ‎【重点语法】‎ 一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构 ‎1. 基本形式 否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形 一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?‎ 特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?‎ He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。‎ Look at the dark clouds. There is going tobe a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。‎ Is he going to collect any data forus? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?‎ What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?‎ ‎2. 基本用法 ‎(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。‎ 17‎ Dad and I are going to watch an opera thisafternoon. ‎ 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。‎ ‎(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。‎ Look! There come the dark clouds. It isgoing to rain. ‎ 瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。‎ Unit7 Will people have robots?‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1.many+可数名词  许多......‎ much+不可数名词  许多......‎ ‎2.live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”‎ ‎3. bein great danger 处在极大的危险中 ‎4.play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事 Everyone should play a part in saving theearth.‎ ‎5.help (sb.) with sth. 帮助(某人)做某事 He often helps me with my English.   ‎ help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)做……  ‎ He often helps me study English.‎ help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)  ‎ Help yourself to the fish.  请随便吃鱼 ‎6.the same as… 和……一样......  反义短语:be different from  ‎ ‎7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定)   ‎ It takes me an hour to get to my office.   ‎ spend time/moneyon sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)‎ sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。‎ I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。‎ They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。‎ ‎8.hundreds of + 名词复数   许多/大量...... ‎ 数词+hundred + 名词复数  几百......‎ 类似的数词还有thousand(千) ,  million(万)‎ There are four hundred students in ourgrade.‎ There are hundreds of tourists in Beijingevery year.‎ ‎9.during  在…期间 ‎ during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend ‎10.the meaning of  …的意思 Can you tell me the meaning of the words?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 一般将来时  ‎ 一、一般将来时的含义 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,或将来经常发生的动作或状态。‎ 二、一般将来时的基本结构 ‎1. will/shall+动词原形  ‎ will 在陈述句中用于各种人称;shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。‎ 否定式:will not=won't;shall not=shan't 一般疑问式:will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?‎ 特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?‎ Iwill/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。‎ Oiland water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。 ‎ 17‎ ‎—Willhe help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?‎ ‎—Yes,he will./No, he won't. 是的,他会。/不,他不会。‎ ‎—Whenwill you arrive for America? 你什么时候去美国?‎ ‎—Tomorrow. 明天。‎ ‎2.am/is/are going to +动词原形 否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形 一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?‎ 特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?‎ He isgoing to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。‎ Lookat the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。‎ Is hegoing to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?‎ Whatare you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?‎ 三、一般将来时的用法 will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。‎ ‎1.will主要用于在以下三个方面:‎ ‎(1)表示主观意愿的将来。‎ Theywill go to visit the factory tomorrow. ‎ 明天他们将去厂参观工厂。‎ I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. ‎ 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。‎ ‎(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。‎ Todayis Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. ‎ 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。‎ Hewill be thirty years old this time next year. ‎ 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。‎ ‎(3)表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。‎ ‎—Maryhas been ill for a week.‎ 玛丽病了一周了。‎ ‎—Oh,I didn't know. I will go and see her.‎ 噢,我不知道。我去看看她。‎ ‎2. begoing to主要用于一下两个方面:‎ ‎(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。‎ Dadand I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. ‎ 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。‎ ‎(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。‎ Look!There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. ‎ 瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。‎ Unit8 Howdo you make a banana milk shake?‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1.cut是“切, 割”的意思,过去式为cut。‎ cut up 意为“切碎”‎ Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.      ‎ Cut it /them up.‎ ‎2.turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)  ‎ turn off 关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)‎ 17‎ turn up 开大,调高(音量、热量等)   ‎ turn down 调低,关小(音量、热量等)‎ ‎3.one more thing 另外一件事情      ‎ another ten minutes 再多十分钟 数字+ more + 物品  指“另外的……‎ another + 数字 +物品  指“另外的……‎ 当数字为one时,常与more连用或只用 another。‎ Give me two more hamburgers?‎ another two hamburgers ‎4. forgetto do sth. 忘记(去)做某事 forgetdoing sth. 忘记已做过某事。‎ ‎5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth.  该是(某人)做某事的时期了 It’stime (for sb.)to dosth. =It’s time for sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时间了。‎ It’sa time for you to study English.‎ It’stime for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)‎ ‎6.give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”‎ We should give thanks for our parents.‎ He gave thanks for life and food.‎ ‎7.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a bigmeal.‎ by+sth./doing :‎ ‎1)以…...方式 I study English by listening toEnglish songs.‎ ‎2)在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.     ‎ ‎3)在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.  ‎ ‎4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.‎ ‎8.Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句 Here is a photo of my family.‎ Here are+名复                         ‎ Here are some English books.‎ 当宾语是代词时,要用顺装。如:Here you are.(对)  Here are you.(错)‎ ‎9.fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)‎ be full of“装满…”(强调状态)‎ I filled the cup with themilk.   ‎ The cup is full of the milk.‎ ‎10.put…in(into)…把…...放到...… 里 ‎11.cover…with…用…...覆盖 ‎12.cut …into把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.‎ cutup… 切碎 ‎13.serve v. 服务  n. service serve +名/代“提供…” The shop serves nice food.‎ serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.‎ serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 名词:名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象及其它抽象概念名称的词。 ‎ 一、名词分为专有名词和普通名词。‎ 专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。‎ 如:Guangzhou,Mike,UNESCO等。‎ 专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写。‎ 普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。‎ 17‎ 如:police,eggs,rice等。‎ 二、普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。‎ 个体名词:表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。‎ 如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。 ‎ 集体名词:表示一群人或一类事物的总称。‎ 如:family,police,class,people等。 ‎ 物质名词:表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。‎ 如:Water,air,milk等。 ‎ 抽象名词:表示抽象概念词。‎ 如:hope,love,spirit。‎ 英语的名词有可数名词和不可数名词两种。‎ 一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。‎ 三、名词单数变复数的规则总结 ‎1. 规则变化 ‎(1)一般在名词词尾加"-s", ‎ map—maps地图 bird—birds鸟 orange—oranges 桔子 bike—bikes自行车 ‎ ‎(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加"-es"‎ box—boxes盒子 class—classes班级 watch—watches手表 dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具 ‎(3)以o结尾的无生命的名词后面加"-s"‎ photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园 ‎ 以o结尾的有生命的名词后面加"-es"‎ tomato—tomatoes西红柿 potato—potatoes土豆 ‎ hero—heroes英雄 negro—negroes黑人 ‎(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加"-es "‎ baby—babies婴儿 family—families家庭 以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加"-s" ‎ boy—boys男孩 toy—toys 玩具 ‎(5)以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为v加”-es “‎ knife—knives小刀 ‎ wife—wives妻子 ‎ leaf—leaves树叶。 ‎ ‎2. 不规则变化 ‎(1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth ‎ mouse---mice 17‎ man---men woman---women ‎ 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 ‎ 如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。‎ 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans。‎ Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 ‎ ‎(2)单复同形的名词 如:deer鹿,sheep绵羊,fish鱼,‎ Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人 ‎ li里,jin斤,yuan元 注意:除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: ‎ a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters ‎ ‎(3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 ‎ 如:people人, police警察,cattle牛等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,apolice,a cattle.‎ 但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle theEnglish,the British,theFrench,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。 ‎ 如:The Chinese are hard-working and brave.‎ 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 ‎ ‎3. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词 ‎(1)maths数学,politics政治(学),physics物理学等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。‎ ‎(2)news消息、新闻是不可数名词。 ‎ ‎(3)the United States美国,the United Nations联合国应视为单数。 ‎ The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 ‎ ‎(4)以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也视为单数。 ‎ ‎"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. ‎ ‎<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 ‎ ‎4. 注意两点 ‎(1)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套);a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers ‎(2)还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼 四、不可数名词 不可数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数,没有复数形式,不能与数目字如one, two等连用,也不能加不定冠词a(n)。‎ 不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量,我们于是采用这种方法:a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词,‎ 如:acup of tea,a box of milk,apiece of paper等。‎ 如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。‎ 如:acup of tea---3 cups of tea,a box of milk---12 boxes ofmilk,A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper ‎【注意】‎ a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。例如:‎ Cakeis a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物(不可数)‎ Thesecakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)‎ b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:‎ Thisfactory produces steel.这个工厂生产钢材。(不可数)‎ 17‎ Weneed various steels.我们需要各种各样的钢材。(可数) ‎ c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:‎ Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。‎ Twoteas, please. 请来两杯茶。‎ d. 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:‎ fourfreedoms 四大自由 thefour modernizations 四个现代化 Unit9 Can you come to my party?‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1. one…another… 表示不确定数目中的另一个 one…theother… 表示两者中的另一个 I don't like this one, canyou show me another?‎ I have two brothers. One is a lawyer andthe other is a manager.‎ some…others…表示没有范围限定的“一些…...另一些...…”‎ some…theothers… 表示某一范围的“一些...…其余的…...” ‎ Some go to school by bike and others go toschool by bus.‎ Some go to school by bike and the others goto school by bus.‎ ‎2. invite v. 邀请  n. invitation invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事”      ‎ invite sb. to+地点名词 ‎1) Mr. Green invited me to visit hisfactory last week.‎ ‎2) Thanks a lot for your invitation ‎3) Thanks for inviting me to yourparty.‎ ‎3.(1)What’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号?” It’s +月+日。‎ ‎(2)What day isit today? 意为“今天是星期几?”It’s + 星期几。‎ ‎—What’s thedate? —It’s September 10th.‎ ‎—What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday.‎ ‎4.have a lesson(class) 上课 have an English lesson ‎5.prepare  v. 准备   n. preparation prepare sth. “准备某物”,所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。‎ prepare for sth. “为……做准备”,指为后面的宾语做准备 prepare to do sth. “准备做某事”‎ ‎6.  bring...to…“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方 take…to…“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。(两者方向相反)‎ Bring your homework here, and take the bookaway.‎ 把你的作业拿过来,把这本书带走。‎ ‎7.without(介词)没有  反义词:with“具有”‎ We can’tlive without water.     ‎ Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.‎ ‎8. sothat +从句: 以便于;目的是   ‎ I study hard so that I can get good grades.‎ ‎9.surprise  n. 惊奇  ‎ surprised adj. 感到惊奇的(指人)‎ surprising  adj. 令人惊奇的(指物)‎ be surprised at sth.“惊奇于某事”   ‎ 17‎ to one’ssurprise “令某人惊奇的是”‎ ‎① I’m surprisedat the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。‎ ‎② To my surprise, he left withoutleaving a word. 令我惊奇的是,他一声不响地离开了。‎ ‎10.look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复。‎ I look forward to seeing you again.‎ ‎11.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信。‎ I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got aletter from my friend yesterday.‎ ‎12.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.‎ ‎13.how to do that. “该怎么做”,疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语 I don’tknow how to make a banana milk shake.‎ I don’tknow what to do.‎ ‎14.at the end of “在…末尾”  ‎ Now, it is at the end of 2014.  ‎ 反义短语:at the beginning of “ 在…开始”‎ ‎15.be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴/难过做某事     ‎ I  am glad to see you.‎ ‎16.reply to sb./sth.“回复…”‎ Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信形式回复这份邀请函”‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 一. 表示邀请的句型 ‎1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?‎ ‎2. Would you like to..( Would youlike to my party)?‎ 接受:Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.‎ 拒绝::① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 )‎ ‎② I’d love/liketo, but I … (理由) ‎ ‎3.I’mafraid not. I…(理由)‎ 二. must与have to ‎1. must 表示主观“必须”;must 表示“主观上的要求”,无人称和时态的变化,否定回答: needn’t 或 don't have to (不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.‎ ‎2. have to表客观需要,有人称和时态变化,否: don’t / doesn’t /didn’t have to (没必要)‎ ‎—Must I be home before eight o’clock?  8点之前我必须回家吗?‎ ‎—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No,you don't have to.‎ Unit10  Ifyou go to the party,‎ you’llhave a great time!‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1. have agreat time 意为“玩得愉快”,=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good /wonderful / nice time have a great / good time in(doing) sth. 做某事很开心 ‎2. ask sb.(not)to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事 The teachers ask us to do (do)lots of homework.‎ ‎3. order sth. from+地点“从某地订购食物”‎ I want to order some books fromthe book store.‎ ‎4. keep…to oneself 保守秘密 ‎5. unless conj. 除非;如果不    ‎ 17‎ unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下,才决定做或不做一件事。=if...not The concert will be held asschedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule ifthere is not a typhoon.‎ ‎6. be afraidto do sth. 害怕干某事 ‎ I’m afraid to speak in front ofother people.‎ be afraid of sth. 害怕某事      ‎ He told me not to be afraid ofdifficulties.      ‎ be afraid +that从句 I’m afraid that I can’t finish ontime     ‎ ‎7. be angry withsb.‎ We were angry with him forkeeping us waiting.‎ be angry at/about sth.‎ He is angry at/about your answer.  ‎ I was very angry at what he said. ‎ ‎8. in the end 最后;终于= at last/ finally at the end of  在...末端;到...尽头 He married the nice girl in theend/at last/finally. ‎ The school is at the end of thestreet.     ‎ ‎9. careless adj. 粗心的;反义词:careful, 意为“小心的”。‎ The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心。‎ He is more careful than me. 他比我认真。      ‎ ‎10. advise v.“劝告;建议”n. advice, 是不可数名词.‎ Give me some advice!‎ advise doing sth. 建议做某事。‎ advise sb.(not)to do sth. 建议某人(不)做某事 I advise waiting till the righttime. 我建议等到适当的时候。‎ I advise him not to sleep lateevery day. 我建议他不要每天睡懒觉。‎ ‎11. It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好(不)做某事 It’s best to speak English everyday.‎ ‎12. run away from“ 从…逃离” “逃避”  ‎ ‎13. cut …in half “切成两半”‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ if条件句 if条件句:条件句用于陈述语气,表示假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是“如果”的意思,引导条件状语从句,if从句用一般现在时,主句则用一般将来时。‎ ‎(主将从现)‎ 构成 if从句 主句(主将从现)‎ 时态 一般现在时:‎ 主+be(is/am/are)+其它(名/形)。‎ 主+V原+其它。‎ 主(三单)+V(三单)+其它。 ‎ ‎1.一般将来时:‎ ‎  主语+shall/will+V原 ‎2.主句是祈使句 ‎3.主句含有情态动词Can, may , must等词 ‎4.主句含有want, hope , wish 等表愿望的词 17‎ 例句 If   I am an teacher,‎ If   you come back,‎ If  he comes,‎ If   you can come,‎ If   I have much money I  will be busy.‎ call  me please.‎ he  will take us to the zoo.‎ please  let me know.‎ I  may take a trip.‎ 注意:在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时,而不用be going to 表示将来时。‎ PS:在when(当…时候), after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句为一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。‎ 如:I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打电话。‎ 17‎