初中8年级英语教案：第17讲 写作指导 14页

辅导教案 学员姓名： 学科教师：‎ 年 级： 八年级 辅导科目：英语 ‎ 授课日期 ‎××年××月××日 时 间 A / B / C / D / E / F段 主 题 教学内容 ‎（本次课的重点、难点以及达到怎样的情感目标）‎ ‎1.　掌握议论文写作的三要素；‎ ‎2. 熟练运用写作常用句型；‎ ‎3. 能够灵活运用连词。‎ ‎、‎ 教学建议：‎ 1． 图片上的文字主要阐述议论文写作的三要素，由于文字有点难度，需要老师学生一定的提示；‎ 2． 采取优先选择的方式，每个学生负责一个要点对文字内容进行解释并表达镜子的看法；‎ 3． 最后提取关键词进对议论文写作三要素进行总结。‎ 教学建议：‎ 1． 范文赏析建议让学生之间相互讨论，找出文章的亮点及不足之处，对好词好句进行积累并模仿造句；‎ 1． 写作句型部分要让学生多造句，并提供一定的语境，比如在某种主题的写作中可以用到那个句型；‎ 2． 写作句型不仅仅局限于教案上所提到的，也可以进行拓展；‎ 3． 每一类的连词建议让学生挑出自己擅长或者喜欢的两个左右进行积累即可，不需要全部掌握。‎ 议论文写作 一、议论文三要素 论点，论据和论证是议论文的三要素，论点是作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张；论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段应有主题句（topic sentence）来确定论点。文章结尾往往重申自己的看法、意见或建议。论证有立论和驳论两种，作者证明自己的论点正确，是立论；反之，证明别人的论点错误，是驳论。‎ 二、基本题型 三、真题解析 之 观点议论型 ‎94. Write at least 60 words with the topic “Heavy Haze” .（以“茫茫雾霾”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）‎ 提示：去年12月上旬，申城笼罩在茫茫的雾霾（was shrouded in heavy haze）中，陷于重度污染（severe pollution）。人们戴口罩（wear masks）出行，雾霾天给人们的健康带来危害，给生活和工作带来不便（inconvenience）。请你谈谈雾霾的成因及可行的解决方法。(2014杨浦/黄浦一模)‎ Heavy Haze ‎ The winter in 2013 impressed people not for its extreme coldness but the heavy haze hanging over 25 provinces. It caused great disturbance to our daily life.‎ Obviously, haze comes from pollution. Many factories let the smoke into the air without any filtering process. Day by day, it is no wonder that smoke, dirt, and dust accumulate in the air and finally turn into dense haze. ‎ How can we curb haze then? Levying heavy penalty on those irresponsible factories is definitely a must-do. Before the air is once again purified, we should also take some actions to protect ourselves such as wearing a mask and reducing exposure outdoors. ‎ We should all try our best to contribute to a cleaner environment for mutual survival and easier life. (126 words)‎ ‎94. Write at least 60 words about the topic “A good way to ________”（在生活中，在学习技能等各方面，每个人都会有做某件事独特的非常有效的好方法，请以“一个______的好方法”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）(2014徐汇一模)‎ A good way to shop          19.5分 When people say they want to go shopping, they usually think of going to a shopping mall. However, shopping in a mall can be extremely tiring. You must walk on your feet for hours and hours. I think a good way to shop is to shop online. ‎ With the help of modern technology, we can browse through hundreds and thousands of items without having to leave our home. Shopping online can give you a chance to compare the prices easily. Once you have decided on what you want, all you have to do is click a button and your item will arrive at your doorstep within a few days. ‎ From my point of view, shopping online is a good way to shop. It is not only a comfortable way to shop, but also a convenient way to shop. (138 words)‎ Beginning—TS ________________________________________‎ Main Body—Supporting Detail1 ___________________________; SD2 ___________________________‎ Conclusion ________________________________________‎ 四、遣词造句 ‎①词汇 ‎1) 同义词法: My school is in the west of the city.‎ My school lies in the west of the school.‎ My school is located in the west of the city.‎ ‎2) 反义词法: You can easily remember these words if you use them every day.‎ You’ll have no trouble/difficulty remembering these words if you use them every day.‎ ‎3) 构词法: The party is very successful. ‎ The party is a great success.‎ The party is of great success.‎ ‎4) 同义结构替换法: If the weather is fine, we’ll go hill climbing tomorrow. ‎ Weather permitting, we’ll go hill climbing tomorrow.‎ 练习：‎ Health is very important to us.‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ We work hard to pass the exam.‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ ‎②句子 ² There is no doubt that + 句子 (毫无疑问的……) ‎ There is no doubt that our educational system is far from satisfaction.‎ There is no doubt that money can’t buy everything in our daily life.‎ ² An advantage of … is that + 句子 (……的优点是……)‎ An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create/produce any pollution.‎ An advantage of taking exercises is that it can make us keep healthy.‎ ² The reason why + 句子is that + 句子 (……的原因是……)‎ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.‎ ‎ The reason why I prefer music is that it gives me a sense of satisfaction.‎ ² The more…the more… (愈……愈……)‎ The harder you work, the more progress you make.‎ The more books we read, the more learned we become.‎ Sentence Making ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ² It is +adj. of/for sb. to do sth. (做…是怎么样…)‎ It is wise of you to book the tickets in advance or we may miss the show.‎ It is necessary for us to take actions to protect the water from various pollution.‎ ² spare no effort to do =do one's utmost to do = try one's best to do (尽全力去……)‎ We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.‎ ‎　　We should try our best to achieve our goal in life.‎ We should do our utmost to help others.‎ ² have a great influence on… (对……有很大的影响)‎ Smoking has a great influence on our health.‎ Parental education has a great influence on our general development.‎ ² It is said (that)+ 句子 (据说…)‎ ‎　　It is thought (that)+ 句子 (一般认为…)‎ ‎　　It is known (that) + 句子 (大家都知道…)‎ ‎　　It is reported (that) + 句子 (据报导…)‎ ‎　　It is expected (that) + 句子 (一般预料…)‎ ‎　　It is estimated (that) + 句子 (据估计… )‎ ‎　　It is believed (that) + 句子 (一般相信…) ‎ It's known that Hangzhou is a beautiful city.‎ It’s believed that more physical exercises will do good to our health.‎ Sentence Making ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎③段落—-关联词 ² 并列与递进: and, also, as well as, besides, moreover, in addition, what’s more, etc.‎ ² 转折: but, however, although, though, etc.‎ ² 对比: or, while, instead of, on the other hand, on the contrary, etc.‎ ² 因果: because, as, for, since, so, thus, therefore, as a result, because of, etc.‎ ² 总结: in brief, in a (one) word, in general, in short, on the whole, generally speaking, etc.‎ ² 顺序: and then, next, after that, firstly, secondly, and finally, lastly, etc.‎ 范文赏析 My View on E-books Nowadays E-books become more and more popular but the attitude towards to E-books differs. As far as I am concerned, e-books are helpful because of the following reasons. ‎ Firstly, e-books are very convenient. With the little body size, we can put it in the pocket and go anywhere with them. In this way, we have much time to read books and enlarge our knowledge. Besides, e-books can combine study and entertainment perfectly. With its various function, we can use it not only for learning but also for fun. Furthermore, e-book can play the role of friends. It gives us books to read, it plays games with us, what is more, we can put many things we like into it and so on. ‎ To sum up, we can draw a conclusion that e-books are very important for us, especially, our young. ‎ 五、复查 ‎2遍—— 1遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题；‎ ‎2遍不出声读查，靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等；‎ 教学建议：‎ 1． 写作部分根据课堂时间安排灵活调整，如果时间不充足，可以让学生写出大纲和要点即可；‎ 2． 在限定的时间内完成；‎ 3． 相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ 4． 做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；‎ 5． 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。‎ PART I. Write a passage of at least 80 words on the topic “A suggestion to my dear school!” (以“给学校的一个建议！”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。) （2014静安一模）‎ ‎（注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名，校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）‎ Questions for reference only(以下问题仅供参考)‎ What aren’t you satisfied with in your school? Your reasons?‎ What is your suggestion?‎ Would you give your possible solution(s)?‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ 70’‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________91’‎ PART II 期末综合 （2010延安初三摸底卷）‎ I. Multiple Choices (26’)‎ ‎1. This is a story about __________ one-eyed monster.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. / D. the ‎2. My son will return to college __________ the end of August.‎ ‎ A. on B. in C. at D. for ‎3. They need little bread, __________ they?‎ ‎ A. needn't B. don't C. need D. do ‎4. Every winter Simon and _________ get together to look at each other's drawings,‎ ‎ A. we B. our C. us D. ours ‎5. I hope my brother _________ well soon.‎ ‎ A. will be B. is C. to be D. would be ‎6. You'd better _________ out to tell the boys _________ play football.‎ ‎ A. go, not to B. go, don't C. to go, not to D. to go; don't ‎7. She likes walking along Huaihai Road so, she _________ many world's top designer names.‎ ‎ A. is familiar with B. was familiar to ‎ C. is familiar to D. was familiar with ‎8. When you meet a new word in a passage, don't _________ the dictionary at once. Try to guess the meaning of it first.‎ ‎ A. look up B. use C. look out D. look for ‎9. – If there are _________ people driving, there will be _________ air pollution.‎ ‎ -- Yes, the air will be fresher.‎ ‎ A. less, less B. less, fewer C. fewer, fewer D. fewer, less ‎10. I remember Mum _________ you about his return to Shanghai at the table this morning.‎ ‎ A. is telling B. told C. has told D. to tell ‎11. Gardeners are very helpful to keep our housing estates _________.‎ ‎ A. wonderfully B. beautiful C. clearly D. well ‎12. Shanghai is bigger than _________ in Australia.‎ ‎ A. any other city B. any other cities ‎ C. all the other cities D. any city ‎13. We ate _________ for dinner during our stay in Thailand.‎ ‎ A. something special B. special something ‎ C. anything special D. special anything ‎14. _________ people Celebrated Disneyland's 50th birthday in California on July 17, 2005.‎ ‎ A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Thousands D. Ten thousands ‎15. _________ day it is! It's going to rain again.‎ ‎ A. What a B. How a C. What D. How ‎16. -- Is it difficult _________ driving?‎ ‎ -- Someone finds it difficult, but I don't.‎ ‎ A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learnt ‎17. He must be honest, _________ he is loved by all.‎ ‎ A. but B so C. for D. or ‎18. His aunt _________ live in the country, but now she _________ the life in the city.‎ ‎ A. is used; is used to B. used to; is used ‎ C. used to; is used to D. is used to; used to ‎19. Three years have passed _________ David and Piere became pen friends.‎ ‎ A. since B. before C. that D. when ‎20. You _________ decide now. You can tell me your decision later.‎ ‎ A. don't have to B. mustn't C. cannot D. shouldn't ‎21. -- _________ do you have your hair cut?‎ ‎ -- Once a month.‎ ‎ A. How often B. How much C. How long D. How many ‎22. -- When _________ the train _________?‎ ‎ -- In ten minutes.‎ ‎ A. has...left B. will be...leave C. is...leaving D. did...leave ‎23. It is amazing that Shakuntala's brain took 50 seconds to find the answer the underlined part means _________.‎ ‎ A. funny B. exciting C. amusing D. surprising ‎24. If you study harder, you can learn your English better. The underlined part means _________.‎ ‎ A. explain B. change C. achieve D. improve ‎25. Could you tell me _________?‎ ‎ A. why did you go to London B. that you have been to ‎London ‎ C. if you have gone to London D. whether you have been to ‎London ‎26. -- I'm so sorry I left my homework at home.‎ ‎ -- _________ Remember to bring it tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. That's all right. B. You're welcome.‎ ‎ C. I'm glad to hear that. D. My pleasure.‎ II. Word Derivation (8’)‎ ‎1. Guilin is one of the most _________ (scenery) areas in China.‎ ‎2. Can you give me an _________ (explain) for being late?‎ ‎3. The _________ (chemistry) that it this factory produced has polluted the environment.‎ ‎4 It is the _________ (two) time for me to go to Xi'an.‎ ‎5. The air was so cold that we could hardly _________ (breath).‎ ‎6. The family had a _________ (pleasure) trip to Beijing this summer.‎ ‎7. China is becoming more and more _________ (attract) to people around the world.‎ ‎8. The experience in Australia in July was _________ (true) unforgettable.‎ III. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the given words. (7*2’)‎ Three Things to Do Before You Are 18‎ Are you bored with your daily life? Here are some things you should try before you are 18, because after that it’s too late.‎ Camp out in the garden If you don’t have your own garden, find a friend who has one! You will need: two or three friends, a small tent, sleeping bags and warm blankets. Take a lot of food and drink with you into the tent and play games u 1 ‎ ‎ it gets dark. When it gets dark, tell ghost stories, and at midnight, eat all your sweets. You will need a torch or else you won’t be able to see all your sweets, and it m 2 get too scary.‎ Learn to swim Seriously, this is so important that it can s 3 your life. If you can’t swim well, you won’t be able to do water sports like waterskiing, surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous for you. Make sure you do it.‎ Collect something One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things. You could collect k 4 of stamps, or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done, like cinema tickets for films you have seen or emails from friends. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing m 5 to you. That way you won’t forget.‎ Try at least one kind of team sports Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can’t just think of yourself, but have to work well with other people. Other advantages of team sports like basketball, football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good s 6 life too – you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends.‎ Write your family tree When you are young, get to know all the older people in your family and find out as m 7 as you can about when they were young, Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you won’t forget.‎ ‎ ‎ Keys: until might save kinds means social much ‎ ‎（以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）‎ ‎1.议论文三要素: 论点，论据和论证 ‎2. 遣词造句:同义词法 反义词法 构词法 同义结构替换法 ‎3. 句子 There is no doubt that + 句子 An advantage of … is that + 句子 The reason why + 句子is that + 句子 The more…the more…It is +adj. of/for sb. to do sth. ‎ spare no effort to do =do one's utmost to do = try one's best to do have a great influence on…‎ 教学建议：‎ ‎1. 包含预习下次课单词与短语和复习本次课内容两部分； ‎ ‎2. 规定学生在30分钟内完成；‎ ‎3. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；‎ ‎4．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ ‎5．让作对的学生给做错的学生讲题，老师进行补充；‎ ‎6．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。‎ ‎【巩固练习】‎ I. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) (2010延安初三10月月考)‎ ‎1. sigh here stands for mistake.‎ ‎ A) A…a B) A…the C)The…a D)The…the ‎2. Tom will sell stamps to help the poor children in the west of China.‎ ‎ A) thousand of B)two thousand of C)two thousand D) two thousand ‎3. Nowadays people usually get information from TV, newspaper and the Internet.‎ ‎ A)quite a few B)a number of C)a lot of D)a pair of ‎ ‎4.--Jack, how are you feeling today?‎ ‎ --Much .I think I can go to school tomorrow.‎ ‎ A)good B)better C)well D)best ‎5. A: Is Lucy knocking at the door?‎ ‎ B: It be Lucy. She is in American now.‎ ‎ A)needn’t B)mustn’t C)can’t D)may not ‎6. It’s raining heavily .We home on foot.‎ ‎ A)had better not to go B)would better not go C)had better not go D)would better not to go ‎ ‎7. Mary has bought three tickets for the 2010 World Expo. One is for and are for her parents.‎ ‎ A)her, the others B)herself, the other ‎ C)her, others D)herself, the rest ‎8. He’s never seen this film before, he?‎ ‎ A)isn’t B)hasn’t C)is D)has ‎9. —Would you like some snacks or a piece of chocolate cake?‎ ‎ — .I don’t have any food before going to bed.‎ ‎ A)Neither B)Both C)Either D)None ‎10. His joke sounded , and it made all the people laugh a lot.‎ ‎ A)amazing B)clearly C)amusing D)well ‎11. It’s your duty to the light before you leave the classroom.‎ ‎ A)turn over B)turn up C)turn off D)turn on ‎12. Tom will return the CD to me as soon as he finishes watching it.‎ ‎ A)come back B)give back C)turn back D)take back ‎ ‎13. The policeman finally seized the robbers and sent them to prison.‎ ‎ A)took care of B)took hold of C)took the place of D)took charge of ‎ ‎14. Tom very soon decided .‎ ‎ A) what he would do next. B) when would he leave.‎ ‎ C) how would he spend the holiday. D) where would he live.‎ ‎15. —I’m sorry I am late for the party. — .‎ ‎ A) All right B) That’s all right C)That’s right D)You’re right.‎ II. Fill the blanks with the verb in their proper forms. (用动词的适当形式填空) ‎ ‎1. Tom a report when I telephone him yesterday afternoon.(write)‎ ‎2. They’ve just finished down the old trees along the road.(cut)‎ ‎3. Can you feel me if it tomorrow?(rain)‎ ‎4. The old houses with a garden 80 years ago.(build)‎ ‎5. you ever crabs?(eat)‎ III. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (2011中考复习卷3)‎ A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 students. It shows that most students considered understanding s___1____ English to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking. Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading remained as a significant (显著的）problem.‎ The information gained helped us in determining where special a____2___ should be paid in our course. A___3____ many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation（动机）, we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English t___4____ in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation, especially if it has f___5____ in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different.‎ Variety of activity was a___6____ seen as a way of maintaining (保持) or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This l___7____ us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.‎ spoken attention Although teaching failed also led IV. Writing (作文) (2011延安初三12月月考)‎ Write an article of at least 80 words about the topic “___________ make(s) me ‎ happy”（以“________让我快乐”为题写一篇不少于80个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）‎ Use the following points as a reference.‎ ‎1. What/Who make(s) you happy?‎ ‎2. Why do you think so? (List at least two reasons)‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________‎ ‎_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________70’_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ __________________________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________84’_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________91‎