初中三年级人教新目标英语九年级同步辅导 5页

一. 教学内容：‎ Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?‎ 二. 学习目标：‎ ‎1. 学会如何有礼貌地获得信息，培养日常生活中问路与指路的能力。‎ ‎2. 掌握宾语从句 三. 教学重点难点： ‎ 宾语从句 四. 重点词和短语：‎ ‎1. make a telephone call 打电话 ‎2. save money     存钱 ‎3. on the second floor    在二楼 ‎4. take the escalator to the second floor 乘电梯去二楼 ‎ ‎5. turn right / left      向右/左转 ‎【即学即用】‎ 同义句转换：‎ Go across the bridge, and turn right at the first turning. ‎ Go across the bridge, and                                 on the right. ‎ ‎6. go past the bank＝pass the bank /＋n. 经过银行 come by＝go by（不及物） 经过 ‎7. go straight ahead      一直往前走 go out of the front door    走出前门 walk about three blocks   走大约3个街区 ‎8. on the left / right（of）    在……的左边/右边 between…and…    在……之间 next to     在……旁边 in front of    在……前面（外部）‎ in the front of    在……前面（内部）‎ across from       在……对面 ‎9. hang out with sb.   和某人闲荡 ‎10. dress up    穿上盛装；打扮 get dressed   穿衣服 dress oneself   给自己穿衣服 dress up as clowns  打扮成小丑 ‎11. both …and…  ……与……都（两者都）‎ ‎12. take dance lessons     上舞蹈课 ‎13. ask for information / help  寻求信息/帮助 ‎ ‎14. similar requests   同样的提问 ‎15. make requests    提出要求 ‎16. change the way we speak 改变我们说话的方式 ‎17. depend on   取决于 ‎18. lead in to a question   引入一个问题 ‎19. be sorry to do       遗憾做……‎ ‎20. in a way    在某方面 ‎21. in order（not）to do   为了（不）做某事 ‎【即学即用】‎ 同义句转换：‎ She went to England last year so that she could learn standard（标准的）English.‎ She went to England last year                         learn standard English.‎ ‎22. language etiquette    语言礼节 ‎23. hand in    上交 五. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释：‎ ‎1. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 请问洗手间在哪里？（标题）‎ 本句是问路或问处所的常用语，通常应先说excuse me，以引起对方注意，也表示尊重对方。‎ 句子中的where the restrooms are是由where引导的宾语从句，它在句中作动词tell的直接宾语，是由特殊疑问句where are the restrooms改变语序而成。再如：‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me where Yu Hong Middle School is?‎ 打扰了。请问育红中学在哪儿？‎ 知识拓展 问路的表示法 英语中表达问路或处所的句式有不少，下面介绍几种常用的问路的方法。‎ 试译：打扰了。请问去邮局怎么走？‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the post office?‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the post office?‎ 5‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me where the post office is?‎ Excuse me. Which is the way to the post office, please?‎ Excuse me. Where’s the post office, please?‎ Excuse me. How can I get to the post office, please?‎ ‎2. There’s always something happening. 总是有事情发生。（Section A, ‎3a）‎ 本句是there be句型的一个固定结构，即there be＋sb./ sth.＋doing sth.，意为“有……在做……”。‎ My friend said there was a truck collecting rubbish outside.‎ 我的朋友说外面有一辆卡车正在收集垃圾。‎ There is a Mr Wang waiting to see you outside your office.‎ 有一个姓王的人在门外等着要见你。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ There are many students         magazines in the reading-room.‎ A. read   B. to read   C. reading   D. are reading 知识拓展 ‎◎there be＋sb. /sth.＋to do sth.，表示“主语将做某事”。‎ There will be some Australian students to come to our class.‎ 有几个澳大利亚的学生要到我们班里来。‎ ‎◎根据意思上的需要，可以将there be句型中的be换成其他含有“存在”意义的不及物动词或词组。常见的这类动词（词组）有：lie, live, stand, appear, seem to be等。例如：‎ There stands a big tree in front of the house. 那座房子前有一棵大树。‎ There seems to be a misunderstanding between us. 我们之间好像有些误解。‎ ‎3. I also like to look at books in the bookstore. 我也喜欢在书店里看书。（Section A, ‎3a）‎ 汉语的“看书”既可表示“阅读”的意思，也可表示“翻看一下”，“随便看看”的意思。英语的表达在词语上就有所不同了。请“看”区别。‎ He looks at that book, takes it down and reads it carefully. ‎ 他看了看那本书，然后拿下来，认真地读了起来。‎ looks at that book与read it（the book）在内容上是完全不同的。look at that book仅指“看书”，用来表示“看了看”，不是以阅读为目的；而read it（the book）则是“读了读”书中的内容。‎ ‎4. Go past the park and turn left onto Oak Street.走过公园，然后向左拐到橡树街。（Section A, 4）‎ go past the park...是一种指路方式，go past表示“走过”的意思，past是介词，意为“途经”，“经过”。‎ When she went past the parking, Mary saw a man standing at a new car. ‎ 当玛丽走过停车场时，看见一个人站在一辆新车旁。‎ ‎【友情链接】常见的指路表达方式有：‎ Walk along/down this road, and take the first crossing on the right.‎ 沿着这条路向前走，在第一个十字路口向右拐。‎ Go along this street, and turn right.顺着这条路向前走，然后向右拐。‎ Walk on and turn left, and you will see the tall building on the right.‎ 继续向前走，然后左拐，在右边你就会看见那栋高楼了。‎ Go along/down this street to the traffic lights, and turn left.‎ 沿着这条路向前走，一直到交通灯处，然后向左拐。‎ ‎5. …and eat at Uncle Bob’s. ……在鲍伯叔叔的小店吃饭。（Section B, ‎3a）‎ 当名词表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格所修饰的名词常常省去。‎ Uncle Bob’s是名词“’s”所有格的一种特殊用法。在表示店铺，餐馆，某种职业，某人的家等名词的所有格后面的名词，常可以省略。如at the doctor’s＝at the doctor’s clinic“在大夫的诊所”；at Mr Green’s＝at Mr Green’s home“在格林先生家里”。‎ 特别提示 在表示店铺、场所及姓氏的名词前，要用定冠词the，在表示称呼语的名词前，要加物主代词。at the barber’s “在理发店”； at my uncle’s “在我叔叔家”‎ ‎6. They have organized games and the staff dressed up as clowns. 他们组织游戏活动，工作人员打扮成小丑的模样。（Section B, ‎3a）‎ ‎◎dress作为及物动词，指穿衣服的动作，后面不用表示衣服的名词作宾语，但可用指人的名词或代词作宾语，表示给某人穿衣服。‎ She dressed her children quickly.她很快给孩子们穿上衣服。‎ ‎◎dress的过去分词dressed与get连用表示“穿上衣服”。‎ Let’s get dressed and leave at once.咱们穿好衣服马上出发。‎ ‎◎dress up是“化装”，“穿上盛装”，“打扮”的意思。‎ They all dressed up as PLA men.他们都打扮成解放军的模样。‎ She likes to dress up for a party.她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮去参加晚会。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ 改错：‎ The little boy likes to dress up himself to a policeman.‎ ‎                                            ‎ ‎【析】dress up意为“穿上盛装；打扮”，可与as连用，即dress up as，“打扮成……”。因此第二个to应改为as。‎ ‎7. The expressions you use might depend on whom you are speaking to or how well you know them. 你的表达方式可能取决于你和谁说话或者你跟他们的熟悉程度。（Reading）‎ 句中whom you are speaking to 和how well you know them分别是由连接代词whom和连接副词how引导的宾语从句，作depend on的宾语。又如：‎ Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. ‎ 5‎ 我们的成功取决于我们彼此合作的好坏程度。‎ ‎8. In English, just like in Chinese, we change the way we speak when talking with different people. 用英语，就像用汉语一样，当和不同的人谈话时，谈话的方式也发生改变。（Reading）‎ 当用连词引导时间状语从句时，如从句的谓语含有动词，主语又与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和谓语动词be常常可以省略。如：‎ When waiting for the bus, I met a friend of mine. 我在等公共汽车时遇到了一个朋友。‎ ‎9. …“Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me.”（P92）……“打扰了，我不知道您是否能帮帮我”。（Reading）‎ 动词wonder在不同的句子结构中表达的意思不同：‎ ‎（1）后接“who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句”，“疑问词＋不定式”时，表示“想知道”。‎ The teacher wondered why she was late.老师想知道她为什么迟到。‎ He wondered what happened.他想知道发生了什么事情。‎ I’m just wondering how to do it.我正想知道怎么做那件事。‎ ‎（2）后接“that引导的宾语从句”，“不定式短语”时，表示“感到惊奇，对……感到惊讶”。‎ I wonder that he was off office.我对他下岗感到惊讶。‎ I wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很惊讶地发现她如此高兴。‎ ‎（3）后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。‎ I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.‎ 我不知道你是否能帮我一下。‎ She wondered whether you were free that morning.‎ 她不知道那天上午你是否有空。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ We all         how he made such great progress in a short time.‎ A. believed   B. thought   C. decided   D. wondered I wonder         it is true or not.‎ A. that   B. if    C. whether    D. what ‎ 六. 语法：‎ 宾语从句闯3关 宾语是句子的重要成分之一，在多数情况下，是由名词性的词类充当的。如果宾语部分是由一个句子充当的话，则被称为宾语从句。我们以前学过的间接引语实质上就是宾语从句。‎ 含宾语从句的句子是最常见的复合句之一，要想真正掌握宾语从句的用法，必须把握三个关键点：‎ ‎【闯关1】连接词 宾语从句的连接词是有规律可循的，通常分为三种类型：‎ ‎★由that引导的宾语从句，无意义，只起连接作用，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略。‎ ‎【小试身手】改为含有宾语从句的复合句：‎ ‎①“My father works in a bank,” Zhang Hui says.‎ Zhang Hui says         his father         in a bank.‎ ‎★当从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，要用连词if或whether引导，表示选择，意为“是否”。‎ ‎【小试身手】改为含有宾语从句的复合句：‎ ‎②“Do you have any rooms to rent?” she asked me.‎ She asked me         I         any rooms to rent.‎ ‎★由连接代词who / whom / which / what / whose或连接副词when / where / why / how引导的宾语从句，连接词在从句中都充当一定的句子成分，不可省略。‎ ‎【小试身手】根据汉语完成英语句子：‎ ‎③告诉我你是什么意思。‎ Tell me                         .‎ ‎④出租车司机问我想去哪里。‎ The taxi driver asked me                         to go.‎ ‎【闯关2】语序 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。即：连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。‎ 判断句子的正误并改正：‎ ‎⑤I don’t know who is he talking to. ‎ ‎                                  ‎ ‎⑥The teacher asked who was the first to get to the top of the mountain. ‎ ‎                                                         ‎ ‎【闯关3】时态 ‎★如果主句是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据实际情况选用所需的时态。‎ ‎【小试身手】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎⑦David says he        （like）Chinese food very much.‎ ‎⑧I know that you        （have）a meeting next week.‎ ‎★如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句通常选用相应的过去时态。‎ ‎【小试身手】改为含有宾语从句的复合句：‎ ‎⑨“I have been to Beijing,” Lucy said.‎ Lucy said she                 to Beijing. ‎ ‎★如果从句叙述的是永恒的真理或客观事实，从句仍用一般现在时。‎ ‎【小试身手】单选：‎ 5‎ ‎⑩Our physics teacher told us light        faster than sound last term.‎ ‎  A. travels   B. travel   C. traveled   D. traveling 参考答案：‎ ‎①that; works ②if / whether; had  ③what you mean  ④where I wanted ‎ ‎⑤错误。is he→ he is ‎ ‎⑥无错误。注意：当who在从句中作主语时，语序本来就是陈述语序，因此本句不必变动。‎ ‎⑦likes  ⑧will have  ⑨had been  ⑩A 最后，为了帮助同学们更好的掌握宾语从句，请同学们记住下面这一口诀：‎ ‎　　学习宾从三注意，连词时态和语序。‎ ‎　　that连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。‎ ‎　　从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。‎ 特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。‎ 主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；‎ ‎　　主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；‎ ‎　　宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。‎ ‎　　语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。‎ 三个问题需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。‎ ‎【典型例题】‎ 中考聚焦 考点1. between… and…‎ Before 2003, there was no direct airline         Taiwan and the mainland.（2006山东莱芜）‎ A. along   B. in   C. between   D. at ‎【要点简析】between … and… “在……和……（两者）之间”。选C。‎ 考点2. 不定式作定语 ‎—What about going swimming with me?‎ ‎—Sorry. I have a lot of homework         .（2005新疆课改区）‎ A. to do   B. done   C. do   D. to be done ‎【要点简析】不定式作定语时常放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，和它所修饰的名词或代词存在逻辑上的动宾关系。再如：I have nothing important to tell you today. 今天我没什么重要的事情要告诉你。这一句子也可说成：There is a lot of homework to be done. 选A。‎ 考点3. 宾语从句 I didn’t understand         . So I raised my hand to ask.（2007河北邢台）‎ A. what my teacher says   B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said   D. what did my teacher say ‎ ‎【要点简析】该题考查时态和语序。如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句通常选用相应的过去时态。排除A、B两项。宾语从句要用陈述语序。排除D项。选C。‎ 考点4. in order to ‎ In order         the world a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.（2007四川乐山）‎ A. makes   B. making   C. to make   D. make ‎【要点简析】in order to 意思是“为了……”，后接动词原形，表示目的，其否定形式是在to前加not，即in order not to。选C。‎ ‎ ‎ 考点5. 名词所有格 根据所给的汉语意思，写出单词的正确形式：‎ At the        （医务室）, Kate was looked over carefully by Mr Brown.（2007山东青岛）‎ ‎【要点简析】’s所属格后的名词如果指商店、家宅等地点时，该名词通常可以省略。如：at Uncle Bob’s在鲍勃大叔餐厅；to my uncle’s到我叔叔家。应填：doctor’s。‎ ‎【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）‎ I.‎‎ 单项选择 ‎1. There is a bookstore         the first floor.‎ ‎  A. on    B. of    C. in    D. at ‎2. —Where are you going?‎ ‎  —I’m going to the         to buy some medicine.‎ ‎  A. bookstore     B. restroom     C. drugstore     D. post office ‎3. Would you please         the window? It’s cold now.‎ ‎  A. open    B. to open    C. close    D. to close ‎4. Some students think the mall is a good place to         out.‎ ‎  A. carry    B. hang    C. watch    D. look ‎﹡5. The girl lives         next to a supermarket. It’s very convenient.‎ ‎  A. right    B. to right    C. on right    D. at right ‎﹡6. —Would you please tell me how long the movie         ?‎ ‎  —About half an hour.‎ ‎  A. has begun    B. had begun    C. has been on    D. had been on ‎ ‎7. —Do you know         Tom’s sister is a doctor or not?‎ ‎  —No, I don’t know.‎ ‎  A. that    B. whether   C. where    D. what 5‎ ‎﹡8. Could you please tell me         get to the railway station?‎ ‎  A. where can I    B. how can I    C. where I can     D. how I can ‎9. Tom got up early this morning in order         late for school again.‎ ‎  A. to be    B. not to    C. not to be    D. to ‎﹡10. —Shall we go now?‎ ‎   —Yes. There is a bus         at the gate. ‎ ‎  A. wait    B. waiting   C. waited    D. waits ‎﹡11. The boy will tell us         he saw and heard in America.‎ ‎  A. what    B. that    C. when    D. where ‎12. Look! They are having fun         with the ball.‎ ‎  A. play    B. to play   C. played   D. playing ‎13. They have spent many hours         through the History‎ ‎Museum.‎ ‎  A. to walk   B. walking   C. to walking   D. walked ‎14. Long, long ago people didn’t know that the earth         around the sun.‎ ‎  A. moves   B. moved   C. was moving   D. move ‎15. —Excuse me, could you please show me how to use this MP4 player?‎ ‎   —        .‎ ‎  A. Certainly! It’s here.   B. Yes, you can   C. Sure, with pleasure   D. Not at all ‎﹡II. 完形填空 Museums are often full of interesting and beautiful things, but in most museums you can only   16   the things there. You can’t touch them. This isn’t very   17   for most of us. People want to touch things. They want to use them and   18   them. This is   19   we learn about things. If we are interested in something, we learn about   20   . If we are bored we don’t learn very much. But some museums are   21   . For example, at the Boston Children’s Museum, young people can use computers and   22   modern machines. They can also   23   and play games there. In this kind of museum, children can have a（an）  24   time. They can   25  a lot in the museum. ‎ ‎16. A. buy       B. look at       C. find        D. borrow ‎17. A. sad       B. interesting    C. possible     D. comfortable ‎18. A. have      B. make        C. play with    D. speak to ‎ ‎19. A. when      B. where       C. what        D. how ‎ ‎20. A. more difficultly             B. more easily   ‎ C. more interesting            D. more slowly ‎21. A. different   B. difficult      C. good        D. the same ‎22. A. these      B. few         C. other        D. another ‎ ‎23. A. see movies                B. make movies   ‎ C. listen to the radio          D. watch TV ‎24. A. boring     B. ordinary     C. safe         D. enjoyable   ‎ ‎25. A. speak      B. wear        C. eat         D. learn III. 阅读理解 A A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit（深坑）. All the other frogs gathered around the pit. When they saw how deep the pit was, they told the unfortunate frogs that they would never get out. The two frogs didn’t listen to them and tried to jump up out of the pit. The other frogs kept telling them to stop.‎ Finally, one of the frogs listened to what the other frogs were saying and gave up. He fell down and died. The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could.‎ Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop, but he jumped even harder and finally got out. The other frogs asked him, “Why did you go on jumping?”‎ The frog explained to them that he was deaf. He thought they were encouraging him all the time.‎ ‎26. When two of the frogs fell into a deep pit, the other frogs ______.‎ A. told them to jump out of the pit ‎ B. told them it was impossible to get out C. told them to keep on jumping ‎ D. encouraged them to jump out of the pit 5‎