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九上Unit3单词释义
allow
allowance n. allowable adj.
l To let do or happen; permit:准许,容许:准许:We allow smoking only in restricted areas.
l To permit the presence of:允许…的进入:No pets are allowed inside.
allow+(名)/doing: I’ll never allow such behavior.
allow+(名)人+to do: My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.
pierce
piercing adj. piercingly adv.(副词)
(常与with连用)刺穿;戳入
The man pierced it with a knife.
The needle pierced the material.
license
n. 执照;许可证
a license to drive a car驾驶汽车的执照
The policeman asked to see his driving license.警察要求看他的驾驶执照。
vt.准许;发给执照;批准
We are sure that these purchases will soon be licensed.我们相信订货不久可得到批准。
〔注意在美语中名词和动词均为license,而在英语中license是动词,而名词则为licence。〕
silly
sil.li.er, sil.li.est sillily adv. silliness n.
be silly to do=it is silly +of +人+to do
You are silly to spend so much on clothes.=It’s silly of you to spend so much money on clothes.
earring
通常用复数形式 She wore golden earrings.她戴金耳环。
instead of
prep.(介词)In place of; rather than:代替;宁愿:
ordered chicken instead of fish.点了鸡而不是鱼
stay up 熬夜 stay on 续留;不走 stay away from 离开某人; 缺席 stay out 在外过夜
strict
be strict with 对于…严格 First of all, you must be strict with yourself.
in the strict sense of word 严格说来
concentrate
l 集中(注意力、思想等+on)
Concentrate on your work.集中精神工作。
A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.
l 集中于某处;使集中于一点
concentrate rays of light into a focus
Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.
volunteer
vt., vi.(常与to连用)自愿去做,主动请求去做We all volunteered to paint the house.
(常与for连用)作为志愿者,志愿参军 volunteer for the army
n. 常与for连用, 表“对…的(自愿)” Are there volunteers for the event?
local
locally adv.) localness n.
adj. 某地的〔特别是自己所居住的〕
local news 当地新闻 local customs某地特有的风俗 local government 地方政府
n.c. 通常用复数形式locals, 本地人,当地居民
local color 地方色彩 local time 当地时间
perform
[per-彻底,完全+form形状。造成完全的形状即为完成,执行]
performance n.
perform a trick 表演特技 perform one’s promise 履行承诺
[perform, execute [5eksikju:t], accomplish [E5kCmpliF], achieve [E5tFi:v], effect [i5fekt], fulfill [ful5fil], discharge [dis5tFB:dV]] 这些动词都表示执行以完成。
l Perform 是采取某行动、任务或步骤;通常暗含对适当形式的遵守或技艺或小心的执行:
The orchestra and chorus performed an Easter oratorio. 乐团和合唱队表演了复活节圣乐。
l Execute 暗指根据计划或设计来完成任务或使某事产生影响:
execute the terms of a will 执行遗嘱
l Accomplish 暗示成功地完成某事,常指需要坚韧与才能来完成的事:
“Make one brave push and see what can be accomplished in a week” (Robert Louis Stevenson).
“做一次勇敢的尝试看看一周后能获得什么” (罗伯特·路易丝·史蒂文森)。
l Achieve 尤指通过努力或克服困难而获得某物; 本词常意指重大的结果:
“Some are born great . . . Some achieve greatness . . . And some have greatness thrust upon them” (Shakespeare).
“一些人天生伟大…一些人取得英名…而一些人则具有强加于他们的伟大” (莎士比亚)。
l Effect 指某因素造成预定结果的力量:
The new manager effected several changes in the company.新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。
l Fulfill 指达到某期望或满足某要求、愿望或需求:
It is unrealistic to hope that all one's desires can be fulfilled. 希望自己的所有欲望都得到满足是不现实的。
She fulfilled her obligations〔[7Cbli5^eiFEn]n.义务, 职责〕 to her parents.她尽了自己对父母的责任。
primary
adj. more~, most~ primarily adv.
l 主要的;首要的a matter of primary importance头等重要大事
l 根本的,原始的[无比较级变化]the primary meaning of a word
l 初级的,初等的〔无比较级变化〕primary education
material
n. c/u
l 素材,材料〔for〕: material for a comedy喜剧的素材
l 用具、设备[用复数]:writing materials书写工具
raw material 原料
Plastic is a widely used material. 塑料是使用广泛的材料。
adj.——spiritual
l 物质的material civilization 物质文明
l 决定性的,关键的〔有比较级变化〕material evidence{ [5evidEns]证据, 证物}
chat
谈天;闲聊〔with〕
n. [An informal, light conversation ] to have a chat闲聊
v. The two friends sat in a corner and chatted away about their vacation plan.两个朋友坐在角落里闲聊假期安排。
chatter[5tFAtE] :喋喋不休的谈
speak: 演说
相关词汇:
babble[5bAbl]:呀呀学语 talk:谈论或讨论,说服某人做事 prattle [5prAtl]:说孩子气的话, 说半截话, 闲聊
gossip[5^Csip]:流言蜚语;背后议论人长短 lecture[5lektFE]:学术演讲,训诫, 说教
lifestyle
相关词组:
lifetime 一生
lifelike 逼真的
lifeboat 救生船
lifeless 无生气的
the latest style 最新流行样式
a friendlier style 更亲切的态度
out of style 过时
in a formal style 正式的文体
include
inclusive adj. including prep. inclusion n. exclude[反] contain [同]
〔include, comprise, comprehend, embrace, involve, contain〕
这些动词都有把某事物包括进另一些大的事物,使之成为其一部分的意思。
l Include 和comprise[kEm5praIz] 均指把人或事物包括进去并成为其组成的部分。
l Comprise 通常指所有的成分都是固定的:
The book comprises (that is, consists of or is composed of) 15 chapters. 这本书有(意思是由…组成) 15章。
l Include 和其余的几个词语一样,更多是指不完全的纳入:
The price will include an amount for postage in my payment. 我的付款将包含邮费。
l Comprehend [7kCmpri5hend] 和embrace[im5breis] 通常指纳入一些附属性的成分:
The study of art comprehends both aesthetic and intellectual considerations. 艺术学习中既包括美学,又包括知识的学习。
No single theory can embrace and explain every facet of human behavior. 没有一种理论能包括并阐释人类行为的每个方面。
l Involve[in5vClv] 通常作为一种逻辑推理的结果或必需条件而被包括进去:
All the children were involved in the school play.所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
l Contain [kEn5tein] 表示包含或拥有(某物)以作为一部分或一组分:
This drawer contains all the cutlery[5kQtlEri] we own. 这个抽屉里盛放着我们所有的刀叉餐具。
stuff
n. u.[口语中指不知名字的情形或不需要清楚说出来的东西或事情]
l 材料;物品green stuff 蔬菜
l 原料;物质There's some white stuff on this plate. 这个盘子上有些白色的东西。
do one’s stuff 发挥本领 know one’s stuff 能干,内行Stuff and nonsense! 胡说! That’s the stuff! 不错,好主意!
recent
more~, most~; recently adj. new,modern [同]
The way of life has changed a great deal in recent years.
equipment
n.u. equip装备+ -ment名词后缀 apparatus[7ApE5reitEs] [同]
l 必需品;设备
office equipment办公室设备
Our school has been given some new equipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
l (工作中必备的)知识、技术
linguistic equipment 语言的素养〔知识〕
equip v. equipped, equipping [ 常与with 连接,表装备于…; 与for 连接,表为…而准备…]
factories equipped with all the modern machinery 备有全新机器的工厂
Proper{[5prCpE]一定的} education will equip one for a job.接受一定的教育就使你具备就业的能力。
digital
digit n. [阿拉伯数字,0-9中的任何一个]; digitally adv.
"A digital watch shows the time by electronically lit up numbers, e.g. 1021." "数字手表是用电子显示数字来表示时间的,例如1021。"
tropical
tropic n./adj.[=tropical]
l 热带的; 热带性的 a tropical plant热带植物
l 炎热的,酷热的 tropical weather炎热的天气
develop
vt., vi. developer n. [开发商人,启发者]; developed/developing adj. development n.
l 发展;壮大;完善;生长
Plants develop from seeds植物由种子发育而成。
Several industries are developing in this area.几种工业正在这个地区发展。
Some children develop more slowly than others.有的儿童比其他儿童发育得慢。
l 详述;规划出
to develop an idea详细地说明一个概念
l 显影;冲洗
develop a photograph冲洗照片
net
n.
网, 网络a butterfly net捕蝶网 a mosquito net 蚊帐
adj.
l 纯的:扣除所有开支后剩下的,如开销:net profit.净利润
l 扣除皮重剩下的:net weight.净重
l 最后的;结束的:the net result.最后成绩
flash
n.c. (光、火焰等的)闪烁; v. 闪光 adj. 瞬间的
flash, gleam[^li:m], glance[^lB:ns], glint[^lint], sparkle[5spB:kl], glitter[5^litE], glisten[^lisn], shimmer, glimmer[5FimE], twinkle[5twiNkl], scintillate[5sintileit]
这些动词都指发光。
l Flash 指的是突然的、明亮的但短暂的发光:
A bolt of lightning flashed across the horizon. 一道闪电划过地平线。
l Gleam 暗指在黑色的背景上不断出现的短暂亮光:
“The light gleams an instant, then it's night once more.” “光亮闪了一会儿,然后马上又变成了黑夜”
l Glance 最常用于指间接反射的光:
Moonlight glanced off the windows of the darkened building. 月光照在黑暗的建筑物的窗户上。
l Glint 用以指短暂的发光或闪亮:
Rays of sun glinted among the autumn leaves. 太阳光穿过秋叶照射下来。
l Sparkle 指一系列迅速闪动的高亮度小闪光
crystal that sparkled in the candlelight在烛光下闪烁的水晶
l glitter 是具有更高亮度的相似的一系列光点
glittering mirrors闪亮的镜子
l glister 是发亮并伴随有闪闪的光泽:
The snow glistened in the dawn light. 雪在黎明的曙光中闪耀。
l Shimmer 意思是以柔和的、颤动的光照射:
“Everything about her shimmered and glimmered softly, as if her dress had been woven out of candle-beams” (Edith Wharton).
“她四周的所有物体都发出柔和的光,仿佛她的衣服是由烛光织成的” (埃迪斯·瓦顿)。
l Glimmer 指的是微弱的、迅速消失的光:
a glimmer of hope一线希望
Twinkle 就是迅速地、间歇地发光或闪亮:
“a few stars, twinkling faintly{[`feIntlI]微弱地, 朦胧地} in the deep blue of the night sky” “几颗星星在深蓝色的夜空中微微闪烁着”
Scintillate 用来指如同源源不断的河流上发出的光:
“ammonium {[E5mEunjEm] 铵} chloride{[5klC:raid]氯化物} . . . depositing{ [di5pCzitiN]
沉降, 沉积} minute scintillating crystals on the windowpanes” (Primo Levi). “氯化铵…在窗玻璃上凝结成闪烁的晶体” (普里莫·列维)
animation
animate v. [使…有活力] animated [有生气的,栩栩如生的] inanimation 〔反〕
n.u. 活气,朝气 n.c.卡通片
direction
n. c/u [for +n. …的指示]
l 命令;指示;指令under my direction由我指挥
l 前进的方向;方位In which direction are you going, north or south?你准备往哪个方向走?向北还是向南?
What direction does this exhibition hall face?展览馆朝什么方向?
l (pl) 用法说明 Full directions inside.内附详细说明书。
natural
adj. unnatural 〔反〕; nature n. naturally adv.
l 天然的,自然的; 非人造的 Milk is the natural food for young babies.牛奶是婴儿的天然食物。
l 非人力控制的;非人可以解释的a natural explanation for the strange event奇异事件的自然解释
l 通常的;平常的;普通的 It's natural to shake hands with sb. you've just met.跟初次见面的人握手是件平常的事情。
l 本来的;不做作的 A small child's behavior is usually natural.小孩儿的举止一般是不做作的。
l 生来的;天赋的 natural gifts天赋的才能
l 无须人教导的;天生的;本能的a natural musician天生的音乐家
effort
n. u/c effortless [反] {ef=off 出来,fort 来自拉丁语fortis 力量。把力量使出来,就是“努力”的意思}
effort+at+n. effort +to do
Make an effort to arrive promptly.尽力早些赶到 redouble one’s effort 加倍努力
spare no effort 不遗余力 make an effort 尽力
〔effort, exertion[i^5zE:FEn], endeavor[in5devE], application[7Apli5keiFEn], pains[pein], trouble〕
这些名词表示为完成某事而耗费体力或精力。
l Effort 指或大或小的尝试来做某事,没有其它限定词时,常表示花了不少时间、精力或人力:
“What is written without effort is in general read without pleasure” (Samuel Johnson). “不费劲写出的东西常会读之无趣” (塞缪尔·约翰生)。
l Exertion 表示充沛精力的耗费:
“England has saved herself by her exertions” (William Pitt the Younger). “英格兰通过自己的努力解救了自己” (小威廉·庇特)。
l Endeavor 意指完成某一严肃的目标而努力:
“There must be positive endeavors to preserve peace” (Franklin D. Roosevelt). “肯定会有人尽力维护和平的” (弗兰克林·D·罗斯福)。
l Application 暗指勤奋、持之以恒和努力工作之意:
He succeeded in his studies by dint of steadfast application. 由于坚持不懈的努力他获得了学业上的成功。
l Pains 暗指集中的或勤劳的努力:
“Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains” (Jane Ellice Hopkins). “天才往往吃无尽的苦” (简·爱丽丝·霍布金斯)。
l Trouble 指那些引起不便或干扰的努力:
Many people watch the news on television to save themselves the trouble of reading the newspaper. 许多人看电视新闻而省去读报的麻烦
youth
n. youths
l 青年时期;青少年时期In his youth he was a soldier.他年轻时当过兵。
l 年轻人;男青年His brother is a member of a youth fellowship {[5felEuFip]团体}. 他哥哥是青年联谊会的会员。
l 青少年the youth of the country这个国家的青少年
proud
adj. ~er;~est proudly (proud) adv. pride n.
be proud of 以…自豪; be proud to do 因做…而自豪
l 自尊的;自重的They're poor but proud.他们虽然穷但很自重。
l 骄傲的;自负的He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。
l 自豪的;引以为荣的He is proud that his wife is amenable{ [E5mi:nEbl]有义务的} to reason."他的妻子是个通情达理的人,为此他引以为豪。"
do a person proud 使某人满意,厚待某人
value
n.价值
What is the value of your house?你的房子值多少钱?
Your help has been of great value.你的帮助很有价值。
vt.
l 估价;定价He valued the ring at $80.他估计这枚戒指值80美元。
l 尊重;珍视I value your advice.我尊重你的劝告。
independence
in-不+depend 依赖+-ence 名词后缀
independent adj. independently adv. dependence [反]
freedom
free adj. {~er, ~est }freely adv.{more, most}
freedom + of …的自由 freedom +to do 做…的是自由的
[freedom, liberty [5libEti]]
这些名词都指不受外界强加的限制的行动、言论或思考的权利。
l Freedom 是最常用的词条
“In giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the free” (Abraham Lincoln).
“给奴隶自由之后,我们保证所有自由人的自由” (亚伯拉罕·林肯)。
l Liberty 常和freedom 交替使用; 但它常常特别强调自由选择的权利:
liberty of opinion思想自由; liberty of worship [5wE:Fip]信仰自由;
at liberty to choose whatever occupation she wishes; 自由地选择她希望的任何职业;
advise
advice n. adviser n.顾问
[advise, counsel [5kaunsEl], recommend [rekE5mend]]
这些动词所共的中心意思为“向某人提出有关决定或行为过程的建议”:
advised him to take advantage of the opportunity; 建议他利用这个机会;
will counsel her to be prudent; 劝告她要审慎;
recommended that we wait. 建议我们等待。
advise + on +n.就…提出建议 advise + n./doing 提建议 advise +人+to do 忠告某人做…
normal
adj. more, most normality n. normalize v. normally adv. abnormal [反]
l 正常的;常态的; The normal price of a ticket if $230!一张票的正常价格是230英镑。
l 智力正常的;身心健全的a normal child智力正常的儿童
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