初中英语语法归纳：形容词 6页

‎　‎ 初中英语语法归纳：形容词 二、形容词和副词 ‎　　1. 形容词的用法 ‎　　(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：‎ ‎　　Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语)‎ ‎　　The fish went bad. (作表语)‎ ‎　　We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语)‎ ‎　　(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。‎ ‎　　I have something important to tell you.‎ ‎　　Is there anything interesting in the film.‎ ‎　　(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。‎ ‎　　Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.‎ ‎　　You can take any box away, big or small.‎ ‎　　(4) the+形容词表示一类人或物 ‎　　The rich should help the poor.‎ ‎　　2. 副词的用法 ‎　　(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。‎ ‎　　He studies very hard. (作状语)‎ ‎　　Life here is full of joy. (作定语)‎ ‎　　When will you be back? (作表语)‎ ‎　　副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：‎ ‎　　1)时间副词 ‎　　时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：‎ ‎　　He often comes to school late.‎ ‎　　What are we going to do tomorrow?‎ ‎　　He is never been to Beijing.‎ ‎　　2)地点副词 ‎　　地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：‎ ‎　　I met an old friend of mine on my way home.‎ ‎　　He went upstairs.‎ ‎　　Put down your name here.‎ ‎　　3)方式副词 ‎　　方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily,‎ ‎ happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：‎ ‎　　The old man walked home slowly.‎ ‎　　Please listen to the teacher carefully.‎ ‎　　The birds are flying high.‎ ‎　　He runs very fast.‎ ‎　　4)程度副词 ‎　　程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：‎ ‎　　Her pronunciation is very good.‎ ‎　　She sings quite well.‎ ‎　　I can hardly agree with you.‎ ‎　　5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：‎ ‎　　How are you getting along with your studies?‎ ‎　　Where were you yesterday?‎ ‎　　Why did you do that?‎ ‎　　(2)副词在句中的位置 ‎　　1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：‎ ‎　　Mr Smith works very hard.‎ ‎　　She speaks English well.‎ ‎　　2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：‎ ‎　　He usually gets up early.‎ ‎　　I’ve never heard him singing.‎ ‎　　She is seldom ill.‎ ‎　　3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：‎ ‎　　It is a rather difficult job.‎ ‎　　He runs very fast.‎ ‎　　He didn’t work hard enough.‎ ‎　　4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：‎ ‎　　On my way home, I met my uncle.‎ ‎　　The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.‎ ‎　(3)部分常用副词的用法 ‎　　1) very, much ‎　　这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：‎ ‎　　She is a very nice girl ‎　　I’m feeling much better now.‎ ‎　　Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：‎ ‎　　I don’t like the idea much.‎ ‎　　They did not talk much.‎ ‎　　2) too, either ‎　　这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：‎ ‎　　She can dance, and I can dance, too.‎ ‎　　I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.‎ ‎　　3) already, yet ‎　　already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：‎ ‎　　He has already left.‎ ‎　　Have you heard from him yet?‎ ‎　　He hasn’t answered yet.‎ ‎　　4) so, neither ‎　　so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。‎ ‎　　例如：‎ ‎　　My brother likes football and so do I.‎ ‎　　My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.‎ ‎　　3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 ‎　　(1) 两个人或事物的比较时(不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物)，用比较级。‎ ‎　　Our teacher is taller than we are.‎ ‎　　The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.‎ ‎　　(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 "极,很,非常, 十分"。‎ ‎　　It's most dangerous to be here.‎ ‎　　在这儿太危险。‎ ‎　　(3) "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..."表示 " 越... 就越..."。‎ ‎　　The more you study, the more you know.‎ ‎　　(4) " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。‎ ‎　　It's getting hotter and hotter.‎ ‎　　(5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。‎ ‎　　This box is as big as mine.‎ ‎　　(6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。‎ ‎　　He always helps the poor.‎ ‎　　(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。‎ ‎　　Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.‎ ‎　　‎