初中英语语法归纳：连词 3页

初中英语语法归纳：连词 ‎　　连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。‎ ‎　　第一类表示并列关系的连词 ‎　　并列连词：并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。‎ ‎　　1)　and 和 ‎　　判断改错：‎ ‎　　(错) They sat down and talk about something.‎ ‎　　(错) They started to dance and sang.‎ ‎　　(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.‎ ‎　　(对) They sat down and talked about something.‎ ‎　　(对) They started to dance and sing.‎ ‎　　(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.‎ ‎　　解析：‎ ‎　　第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。‎ ‎　　第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。‎ ‎　　第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。‎ ‎　　注意：1. and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法)‎ ‎　　Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.‎ ‎　　= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.‎ ‎　　One more effort, and you'll succeed.‎ ‎　　= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed ‎　　2, A and B 当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数, 当and连接的单数名词前分别有each，every，many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。‎ ‎　　bread and butter a knife and fork ‎　　The mother and teacher is very strict with her son.‎ ‎　　No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.‎ ‎　　3. and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示“渐渐”，或加强语气 ‎　　Read it again and again ‎　　2)　both …and　两者都 ‎　　She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.‎ ‎　　3) neither…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。‎ ‎　　Neither you nor he is to blame.‎ ‎　　4)　not only…but (also)不但······而且······‎ ‎　　She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.‎ ‎　　注意： not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。‎ ‎　　Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.‎ ‎　　5) as well as 以及，也，与···同样 ‎　　The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.‎ ‎　　比较and和or ‎　　1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。‎ ‎　　2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：‎ ‎　　There is no air or water in the moon.‎ ‎　　There is no air and no water on the moon.‎ ‎　　在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。‎