九年级Unit 1 Topic 2基础知识梳理 7页

九年级Unit 1 Topic 2基础知识梳理 一、词汇 ‎1.yet adv 还，仍（yet 一般用在否定句和疑问句中，常放在句末；already一般用在肯定句中，放在句中。）‎ I haven’t received a letter from him yet.我还没有收到他的来信。‎ Have you finished your homework yet?你完成作业了吗？‎ not yet 还没 ‎-Have you heard of the news?‎ ‎-Not yet.What is it about?‎ ‎2.probably[ˈprɒbəbli]adv.很可能，大概(通常位于系动词助动词之后，实义动词之前。）‎ She has probably gone home.‎ It will probably rain tonight.‎ probable adj 可能的 ‎3.cinema[ˈsɪnəmə]n.电影院=movie theater Let’s go to the cinema.去看电影 ‎4.department store百货公司 I will go shopping in the department store near my home.‎ ‎5.nearby['nɪəbaɪ]adj.附近的，邻近的adv.在附近，‎ You can go the nearby railway station.‎ He lives nearby.‎ ‎6.population[ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃən]n.人口，人数 China has a population of 1.405 billion by the end of 2019.‎ What is the population of Beijing?（这个句型中，what 不能用how many替换。）‎ 修饰population的词不用many，few，用large 或small The population of China is growing .‎ ‎7.billion['bɪljən]num．十亿 The company has spent billions of dollars on this project.‎ 这家公司已经在这个项目上花费了几十亿美元。‎ More than 3.5 billion people watched the 2018 World Cup.超过35亿的人观看了2018年世界杯。（billion前有具体数字的时候，billion不加s）‎ ‎8.increase[ɪn'kriːs]v.(使)增加，(使)增大n.增加 Pork price is increasing these years.这几年猪肉价格在上涨。‎ The population of the city has increased by 30%,compared with that of 5 years ago.‎ 7‎ 和五年前相比，这个城市的人口已经增加了百分之三十。‎ There is an increase in road accidents.道路交通事故增多了。‎ 9. reach[riːtʃ]v.到达；够得着；实现；达到；‎ We reached the top of the mountain in the end.到达 辨析：reach，arrive，get reach直接加地点；arrive后接in或at加地点；get后接to加地点。‎ He is too short to reach the apples on the tree.够着 We have to work hard to reach our goals. 实现 The high temperature will reach 40℃.达到 ‎10.luckily['lʌkɪli]adv.幸运地，运气好地 unluckily 不幸运地 He had an accident yesterday.Luckily,he didnit hurt himself seriously.‎ luck n. lucky adj.‎ ‎11.policy[ˈpɒlɪsi]n.政策，方针 It is against our policy.这有悖于我们的政策。‎ Some policies should be changed.有些政策应该改变。‎ ‎12.Russia[ˈrʌʃə]n.俄罗斯 Russia is the largest country in the world.‎ ‎13.measure[ˈmeʒə]n.措施，方法 v.测量；计算 It is a good measure.‎ take measures to do The government will take measures to make students have enough sleep.‎ 政府将要采取措施保证孩子们有充足的睡眠。‎ He climbed the highest mountain and measured the height.‎ 他登上了最高的山并测量了它的高度。‎ We are taking measures to improve the environment.‎ ‎14.social[ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l]adj.社会的；社交的 She likes to take part in the social activities.‎ We must follow the social rules.‎ society n.社会 ‎15.supply[səˈplaɪ]v.提供，供应n.供应量；供应 This restaurant supplies good services.‎ supply sth to sb/supply sb with sth The media supplies a lot of information to us./The media supplies us with a lot of information.媒体给我们提供大量的信息。‎ 7‎ Water in this area is in short of supply.这个地区水供应不足。‎ 16. natural['nætʃərəl]adj.天然的；天生的；正常的 I prefer natural vegetables.‎ The natural world is filled with living things.大自然充满了各种生物。‎ Children are natural dreamers.孩子们是天生的梦想家。‎ It’s natuarl to forget new words.忘记新单词是很正常的。‎ naturally adv. 自然地；天生地；当然地 nature n.大自然；自然界；天性 ‎17.worse[wɜːs]adj.更差的,更糟的adv.更差,更糟 The weather today is worse than yesterday.‎ The environment is becoming worse and worse.‎ I didn’t do well in this exam.Unluckily,he did it worse.‎ What’s worse！更糟糕的是 He was ill.What’s worse,his parents weren’t at home.‎ ‎18.so far到目前为止 We haven’t seen her so far.‎ ‎19.government[ˈɡʌvənmənt]n.政府，内阁 The government should serve the people.‎ ‎20.thanks to sb./sth.幸亏，由于 Thanks to your help,I succeeded in the exam.‎ Thanks to her husband,she has become a famous film star.‎ ‎21.paragraph[ˈpærəɡrɑːf]n.段；段落 Read the first paragragh,please.‎ ‎22.opportunity[ /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪti ]n.机会，时机 If I have an opportunity,I will go abroad.‎ ‎23.newbornadj.新生的，初生的 What a lovely new-born baby.‎ ‎24.percent[pəˈsent]n.百分之······‎ Sixty percent of students in our class are boys .‎ 25. offer['ɔːfə]v.提供（东西或机会）；主动提出;n.提议；提供 Thank you for offering me help.‎ offer sb sth=offer sth to sb Offer your seat to someone who needs it.‎ offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 I wanted to see the Beijing Opera,so she offered to take me to see it.‎ 7‎ He got an offer from a Germany company.谋得一份职位。‎ ‎26.surround[səˈraʊnd]v.围绕，环绕 The lake is surrounded by trees.‎ ‎27.garbage[ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ]n.（生活）垃圾，废物，垃圾场 Don’t throw gabage anywhere.‎ 28. discourage[dɪˈskʌrɪdʒ]v.阻拦，阻止；使灰心 courage“勇气” dis表否定，discourage“使气馁”，引申为“劝阻”‎ Don’t be discouraged by the first failure.‎ ‎29.local[ˈləʊk(ə)l]adj.当地的，本地的 Local people like dancing.‎ ‎30.capital['kæpɪtl]n.首都；资本；大写字母；大写的 Beijing is the capital of China.‎ Write the notice in capitals.用大写字母写通知。‎ a capital letter 一个大写字母 ‎31.huge[hjuːdʒ]adj.巨大的，极多的 This is going to be a huge problem for us.‎ The Bird Nest is like a huge nest.‎ ‎32.market['mɑːkɪt]n.集市，市场 I usually buy vegetables at the market.‎ ‎33.transportation[ˌtrænspə'teɪʃən]n.运输，运送 Trains are an important form of transportation.一种重要的运输工具 ‎34.excellent['eksələnt]adj.极好的，优秀的（无比较级最高级）‎ He made an excellent speech.‎ ‎-Why don’t we go out for a trip!‎ ‎-Excellent!好极了！‎ 二、重点短语和句子 SectionA ‎1.I got lost and couldn’t find each other.‎ get lost 迷路 They got lost on the way to the bookstore.‎ 2. Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？‎ 3. Let’s call him up now.‎ call up 打电话 I called up my friends and invited them to my birthday party.‎ 7‎ ‎3.—I really hate going to a place like that. 我真的讨厌去那种地方。‎ ‎—So do I.我也是。‎ hate(sb) doing sth=hate (sb) to do sth 讨厌/不喜欢(某人)做某事 I hate being late.‎ My mother hates me watching TV too much.‎ So do I.是倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个人或物。结构为“so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语”。如:‎ ‎—He is a student. —So am I.‎ ‎—They can speak English well. —So can we.‎ ‎—Li Ming went to the cinema last night. —So did his brother.‎ 如果表示上文提到的否定情况也同样适合另外一个人或物，则用“neither/ nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语”。如:‎ ‎—I don't like playing computer games. —Neither does she.‎ Section B ‎1. What a large population! 人口真多啊!‎ population是名词，可以用large/big/small等形容词修饰;population作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。‎ The population of China is very large. ‎ 针对人口数量提问时，特殊疑问词用what.如:‎ ‎—What's the population of China?中国人口有多少？‎ ‎—China has a population of 1.37 billion.中国有十三亿七千万人口。‎ What's the population of.....? ......有多少人口？‎ have a population of...... 有......的人口 ‎2. And it is increasing by 90 million every year. 它(世界人口)在以每年九千万的幅度增长。‎ increase by意为“增加了.增长了”。如:‎ The price of oil increased by 2%.石油的价格增长了2%。‎ ‎3.—What’s more, the population in developing countries is growing faster. 而且，发展中国家的人口在更快地发展。‎ ‎—So it is.的确是这样。‎ So+主语+be/情态动词/助动词，表示对上文情况的肯定和同意，意为“确实如此”。—Michael works very hard.迈克尔工作很努力。‎ ‎—So he does.他确实很努力。‎ Section C 7‎ ‎1....about one fifth of the people in the world live in China .世界上大约五分之一的人生活在中国。‎ one fifth是分数。英文分数表达方法:分子用基数词，分母用序数词，先读分子后读分母:当分子大于1时，分母的序数词用复形式,直接在词尾加“s”。如:‎ ‎1/2 a/one half 1/4 one fourth或a quarter 2/3 two thirds ‎2.So far,our government has taken many measures to solve the population problem.‎ 截止到目前，我们的政府已采取了许多解决人口问题的措施。‎ so far 截止到目前；take measures to do sth采取措施做某事 ‎2. One was known as the one-child policy.其中一项措施是独生子女政策。‎ be known as......意为“以......而闻名；被称作；被认为”(be famous as)。如:‎ Mo Yan is known as a writer.‎ He’s known as the fastest runner in the school.他被认为时学校跑得最快的人。‎ be known for...意为“因......而闻名 ”。(be famous for)如:‎ Her mother is known for her wonderful cooking.他的妈妈因高超的厨艺而闻名。‎ Guizhou is known for Huangguoshu Waterfall.Thousands of visitors come to visit it every year.‎ be known to......意为“为......所熟知”。如:‎ Hong Kong is known to be a good place for eating .‎ ‎3.It worked well in controlling China’s population.它在控制人口方面效果显著。‎ work well in doing…在……方面起作用 ‎ 2. We still have a long way to go.我们仍然有很长的路要走。‎ ‎ have a long way to go有很长的路要走 Section D 1. I live in a small mountain town called Fairrmont. 我住在一个叫菲尔蒙特的小山城。called Fairmont过去分词短语作定语，修饰town。 ‎ a town called... 一个叫做......的镇 ‎2.The small town is surrounded by trees. 小城四周绿树环绕。‎ be surrounded by意为“被......环绕”。如:‎ The city is surrounded by a river.那座城市被一条河流环绕。‎ 2. People are careful with garbage and discourage cutting trees.‎ be careful with 对.......仔细 You should be more careful with your work.你对工作应该更加仔细。‎ discourage doing sth 劝阻/不鼓励做某事 We should diacourage wasting water.‎ 7‎ 三、重点语法——现在完成时（ǀǀ） ‎ ‎1.现在完成时可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用，如already, yet,just, ever, never, before, lately, once，recently.等。‎ I have just called you.‎ ‎—Have you ever been to the USA?‎ ‎—No, I’ve never been there.‎ ‎—Have you seen him yet? ‎ ‎—Yes, I have seen him already.‎ Have you heard from your friend lately?你最近收到你朋友的来信了吗？‎ ‎2..现在完成时也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用。如this week, this morning, today, this year等。‎ They have moved three times this year.‎ 今年他们已经搬了三次家。‎ ‎3.现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用,如yesterday, last week, in 1990, two days ago,just now, when I came in等。‎ 7‎