备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点30 阅读理解之议论文 （学生版） 27页

考点30阅读理解之议论文议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。二、解题方法：一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断)。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图\n做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。ACanMoneyBuyHappiness?Canmoneybuyhappiness?Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionstowardmoney.Somepeoplethinkmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.Intheiropinion,everythingintheworldcanbeboughtwithmoney.However,othersthinkthatmoneyistherootofallevils.Forexample,somepeoplefightagainsteachotherformoney,somekillothersformoney.Alltheseevilsareunderthecontrolofmoney.Inmyopinion,moneycanbringuspainaswellashappiness.Onlywhenyourmoneyismadethroughyourhonestefforts,canyouliveagoodlife.Ifweusemoneytohelpthepoorandhomeless,wewillenjoythetruehappiness. JaspreetSethi,NewDelhi,IndiaCanmoneybuyhappiness?Itcertainlydoesn’tmakeonesad.Ifitcomesmyway,I’llbehappy.IfIhadmoney,I’dbuyabiggercar,abiggerhouse,abettereducationformychild,andabetterholidayformyfamily.\nAdamHassan,Abuja,NigeriaIthinkmoneycanbuyhappiness.Ifyouhavetopayschoolfees,youneedmoney.Ifyouneedahomeforyourself,youneedmoney.Ifyouwanttobuyyourselfsomethingtoeat,youneedmoney.Soifyoudon’thavemoneytogetthesethings,therewon’tbehappiness.IfIhadmoney,I’dgetmyselfahome,averygoodcar,andawife.ArsenyYatsechko,Moscow,RussiaMoneycanbuyanything.Ifyouhaveenoughmoney,youcanmakeyourselfhappy.Familycanchange,peoplecanchange,butmoneywon’tchange.IfIhadmoney,I’dprobablyspenditonatrip.I’dgotoParisorBerlin.I’mnotsoworriedabouttheeconomy.RichardWicks,London,UnitedKingdomI’veseenpeoplewithuntoldwealth.Theyneverseemedhappytome.Butwhatishappiness?Youknow,attheendoftheday,aslongasyou’vegotyourhealthandcangetup,brushyourteeth,getdressedinthemorning,andtalktooneanother,you’retherichestpersonintheworld.MiguelJosueMolano,Bogotá,ColombiaYoucanhavelotsofmoney,butifyoudon’thavehappinessinyourheart,youwon’tbeabletoshareit.IfIsuddenlyfoundmyselfwithlotsofmoney,Iwouldtrytohelppeople,becausethat’sthewaytobecomehappy.I’dhelppeopletrytoachieveadifferenttypeofhappiness.1.Accordingtothepassage,howmanypeoplethinkmoneycanbuyhappinessandhowmanydon’tthinksoA.Two;threeB.Three;twoC.Four,oneD.One;four2.FromRichardWicks,wecanknow____________________.A.goodhealthisthewealthB.moneyisthehappinessC.moneycanbuyeverythingD.who’stherichestintheworld3.IfMiguelJosueMolanohadmuchmoney,hewould______________________.A.getaverygoodcarandahomeB.gotodifferentcountriesforavisitC.helppeopleachievetheirhappinessD.buyamuchbiggerhouse4.WhatdoesAdamHassanthinkofthemoney?A.Withoutmoneywecan’thavehappiness.B.Onlymoneycanbringushappiness.C.Everythingneedsmoney.D.Moneycanmakeyouhealthy.\n1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmoney?A.Moneyistherootofallevils.B.Moneyisthesourceofhappiness.C.Moneymustbemadebyyourhonestefforts.D.Moneycanbringpainandhappiness.BIsthereawaytoquicklyrecallinformationjustbeforetakinganexam?Walkingbackwardmightbeagoodsolution.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofRoehamptonintheUKsaidthisactivitycanhelppeopleimprovetheirshort-termmemory.Researchersasked114volunteerstowatchavideo.Afterwatchingthevideo,volunteersweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupwastoldtowalk10metersforward.Thesecondgroupwalked10metersbackward.Thethirdgroupstoodinoneplace.Allthreegroupswerethenasked20questionsaboutwhattheysawinthevideo.Thescientistsfoundthatthebackwardwalkinggroupgottwomoreanswerscorrectonaveragethantheothertwogroups.Thissuggeststhattherelationshipbetweentheconceptsoftimeandspaceisimportantconsideringhowourmindsformmemories.“Timeisreallyexpressedviaspace,”AleksandarAksentijevic,wholedthestudy,toldtheDailyMail.Whenyouwalkbackward,youseethingsfromadifferentwaycomparedtowalkingforward.Thisdifferencehelpspeoplerecallthingsthathappenedinthepast.Andwalkingbackwardisnotjustgoodforourbrains.Itisalsogoodfortherestofourbody,Comparedtowalkingforward,walkingbackwardismorechallenging.Thiscanameliorateourenergyinashorttimeandburnsmorecalories.Besides,walkingbackwardputslessstressonourknees.Itcouldbehelpfulforpeoplewhooftenhavepainintheirknees,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofOregonintheUS.Walkingbackwardalsokeepsourspinesstrong,whichcanhelptoreducepainintheback.Thismightbewhymanyoldpeoplelikewalkingbackward.(WordBank:solution解决方法concept概念reduce减少)根据材料内容选择最佳答案16.Whatwasthefirstgroupaskedtodobytheresearchers?A.Tostayinoneplace.B.Towalkupanddown.\nC.Towalk10metersforward.D.Towalk10metersbackward.17.Thetestshowsthatwalkingbackward________.A.isonlygoodforourbrainsB.putslessstressonourkneesC.usesmoreenergyinashorttimeD.improvesourshort-termmemory18.Theunderlinedword"ameliorate"hastheclosestmeaningto"________".A.HarmB.improveC.controlD.spread19.Whydooldpeoplelikewalkingbackward?A.BecauseithelpsburnmorecaloriesB.Becauseithelpsthemrecalltheirpast.C.Becauseithelpsthemrememberthings.D.Becauseithelpsreducepainintheirback.20.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Walkingbackwardisgoodforusinseveralways.B.Walkingbackwardisagoodwaytokeephealthy.C.Walkingbackwardcanhelpusdobetterinexam.D.WalkingbackwardisbecomingmoreandmorepopularCHaveyoutriedtorunorwalkforexerciseandthengivenup?Ifyouansweredyes,youshouldtryanewkindofexercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquaticexerciseislikeexerciseonland,butyoudoitinaswimmingpool.Moreandmorepeoplearetryingaquaticexercise.Aquaticexercisefeelseasierthanexercisingonland.Why?Youweighabout90%lessinthepool.Itisbetterforyourkneesthanrunningorwalking.Waterisabout1,000timesthickerandheavierthanair.Tomovethroughthewater,yourbodyhastoworkfourtimesashard.Asaresult,youcanburnmorecalories(卡路里).Infact,mostpeoplesaytheyfeelmorerelaxedinthewater.Theystopthinkingaboutthethingsthatmakethemworried.Theyfeelincontroloftheirbodies.Thecool,quietenvironmentmakesthemfeelgood.Butwhatifyouareafraidofthewater?Noproblem!Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Aquaticexerciseissafeandeasytolearn.Itdoesn’trequireanyspecialskills.Youdon’tevenneedtoknowhowtoswim.Aquaticexerciseis\nforeveryone.13.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Differencebetweenairandwater.B.Weightchangeofone’sbody.C.Theadvantagesofaquaticexercise.D.Thewaystodoaquaticexercise.14.Whatdomostpeoplethinkofaquaticexercise?A.Relaxing.B.Worrying.C.Challenging.D.Boring.15.Accordingtothetext,aquaticexerciseis_________.A.doneingroupsB.fitforeveryoneC.difficulttolearnD.donewithspecialskills16.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwereadthetext?A.Culture.B.Health.C.Nature.D.Travel.DManypeoplemightthinkthatiftheyhadmoremoney,thentheywouldbehappierinlife.Forexample,peoplemightlookatwhatothershave,likeexpensiveclothesornicecars,andwishtheycouldhavethesame.Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong.___①____Butisthatreallytrue?Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.__②____Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy.__③___Itcouldbebuyingapresentforafriendorafamilymember.___④___Itcouldhebuyingahomelesspersonfoodtoeat.Itcouldhegivingmoneytoapersoninneed.Justthinkaboutthelasttimeyouusedyourownmoneytodosomethingforsomeoneelse.Howdidyoufeel?Whetheritisasmallorlargeamountofmoney.Peoplefeelhappierwhentheygive.Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.ThisideaofconnectingyourhappinesstothehappinessofothersisdescribedasaubuntuinanAfricanlanguage.ThereisevenastoryaboutamanvisitingAfricawhoaskedsomekidstoracetoanearbytree.‘Thefirstchildtotouchthetreewouldgetasweettreat.Surprising,allthechildrenheldhandsandrantogether.Theyalltouchedthetreeatthesametime.Themanaskedwhytheyhaddonethis.‘Thechildrensimplysaidtheycouldonlyenjoyeatingthetreatifeveryonehadone.33.Thewritersaysthatbuyingthings_________.A.canmakepeopleworriedB.canmakepeoplenervousC.mayleadtosadnessforlongD.mayleadtohappinessforashorttime34.Wherecanwebestput"Butit’snothavingmoneythatbringshappiness."inParagraph2?\nA.①B.②C.③D.④35.Whydoesthewriterquote(引用)astoryinParagraph3?A.ToexplainAfricanslikesweets.B.Toshowexamplesarenotenough-C.Tomakethewriter’sopinionclearer.D.Toexpresshappinessisfromchildren.36.Whatdoesthewritertrytotellus?A.Buyingnewthingscanmakepeoplehappy.B.Thekeytohappinessismakingothershappy.C.Ifyouwanttobehappy,youcanvisitAfrica.D.Peoplewhohavealotofmoneymightnotbehappy.ESomepeoplethinkonlyschoolchildrendonotagreewiththeirparents,however,itisnottrue.Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.Ifit’shardforyoutocommunicatewithyourparents,don’tworryaboutit.Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap（消除代沟）.Don’targue（争辩）withyourparents.Don’tgettoyourparentswhenyouareangry.Yourparentsprobablywon’consideryourideasifyouareshoutingatthem.Andyoucan’texpress（表达）yourselfwellifyouareangry.Gosomewheretocooloff.Makesureyouunderstandwhyyouareunhappy.Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucanspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletter.Trytoreachacompromise（和解）.Perhapsyouandyourparentsdisagreeonsomething.Youcankeepyourdisagreementandtryyourbesttoaccepteachother.Michael’smotherdidn’tagreewithhimaboutbuyingamotorcycle.Theyarguedoverit.Buttheyfinallycametoacompromise.Michaelboughtthemotorcycle,butonlydroveitoncertaindays.Ofcourse,yourparentsmightrefusetocompromiseonsomething.Inthesesituations,itisespeciallyimportanttoshowloveandrespect（尊敬）tothem.Showingrespectwillkeepyourrelationshipstrong.Talkaboutyourvalues.Thevaluesofyourparentsareprobablydifferentfromthoseofyourown.Tellyourparentswhatyoucareabout,andwhyunderstandingyourvaluesmighthelpthemseeyourpurposesinlife.Agoodrelationshipwithyourparentscanmakeyouabetterandhappierperson.Haveatry!5.Thepassagetellsus________haveacommunicationproblem.A.parentsandotherpeopleB.teachersandtheirstudentsC.parentsandchildrenofallagesD.schoolkidsandtheirparent6.Yourparentsprobablywon’tconsideryourideasifyou________.\nA.writealettertothemB.don’tgettothemoftenC.expressyourselfwellD.don’tspeaktothempolitely7.Theunderlinedphrase＂cooloff＂inthepassagemeans＂________＂.A.tohaveagoodrestB.tohideyourselfquicklyC.tomakeyourselfhappyD.togetyouquietandrelaxed8.Ifthere’sreallyagenerationgapbetweenyouandyourparents,you’dbetter________.A.haveatalkwiththemoftenB.keepawayfromthemC.agreewiththemallthetimeD.knowabouttheirvalues9.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.A.parentsandchildrenshouldnothaveagenerationgapB.therearesomegoodwaystobridgethegenerationgapC.parentsshouldshowloveandrespecttotheirchildrenD.therearesomanyseriousproblemsinfamiliestodayF①April2ndisWorldAutismDay.Whatisautism?Autismiscausedbypervasivedevelopmentaldisorder*.Herearemainbehaviorcharacteristics*ofautism.②•Socialcommunicationdisorder,liveonlyintheirownworld.③•Languagecommunicationdisorder,difficulttocommunicatewithpeoplearound.④•Repeatstrangemovementsoften,unabletoacceptthechangesoffamiliarenvironment.⑤Fromthreecharacteristicsabove,peoplewithautismhavelotsoftroublecommunicating.Theylooklikenormalpeople,buttheyexperiencetheworldinaveryuniqueway.Thatistosay,thewayhowtheydealwiththingsandunderstandtheworldisnotthesameasnormalpeople.⑥Nowadays,thenumberofautismis67millionallovertheworld.Onein160childrenisautistic.AschoolinEnglandforchildrenwithautismisfindinganewuseforvirtualreality*andVRheadsets.PriorsCourtisakindofschoolinBerkshire,southernEngland.Theteachersatschoolareusinghightechnologytohelpandlearnmoreaboutchildrenwithautism.Aschildrenwithautismhaveproblemswithplacesandsituationstheyhaven’texperiencedbeforewell,theylikewhatisfamiliarandtheyliketheirroutine*.VRheadsetsmakethewearersfeelliketheyareindifferentplaces.Forexample,someonewearingaVRheadsetcanhavea360-degreeviewofaplaceastheyturnaround.Withthevideo,theycanevenhearthesoundsoftheplace.TeachersareusingVRtointroducechildrentosituationslikevisitingashoppingmallorgettingonaplane.Theycandosointhesafetyoftheirclassroom.In\nadditiontogettingusedtoeverydaydifferentplacesintherealworld,thechildrenmaylearntoenjoynewexperiencessuchasskiingordeep-seadiving.©Acomputerteacher,NunoGuerreirofromtheschoolsaid,"We'retryinganewdata*collectionsystemwithVRheadsetsatthesametime.Thesystemputstogetherinformationabouteachchildeveryday:whattheyhaveeaten,howmuchsleepandexercisetheyhavehadandalltheiractivities.Thenitcomparesthosefactstoknowhowtheyarebehavingformedicaltreatment."Guerreiroaddedtheschoolhopedtosharewhatitlearned."Hopetonotonlyimprovepeopletoknowmoreaboutthetreatmentandresearchoftheautism,butalsodrawpeople'sattentiontocareaboutautism."33.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.34.Theunderlinedword"unique"inParagraph5means_________________.A.greatB.wrongC.usefulD.different35.AccordingtoParagraph6,theuseofVRheadsetsisthat_________________.A.teacherscantakeclassesforchildreninotherplacesinsteadofclassroomsB.childrencanhavetheabilityofskiinganddeep-seadivingintherealworldC.VRexperiencescanhelpchildrenfeelbetteraboutchangesfromtheirroutineD.theycanmakeitpossibletotakechildrentolearnmoreabouthightechnology36.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferwhomaybethepersonwithautism?A.Jeffhastroublefallingasleepatnightandalwaysfeelssickintheday.B.Mariefeelsunconfidentandalwaysafraidtospeakinfrontoftheclass.C.Nickyalwaysstaysinherprivateworldandevencan'tunderstandothers.D.Stevecan'tconcentrateonhisstudyandoftenfightswithothersafterclass.\nA【2020•黔南州】Doyoupaywithpapermoney,credit(信用的)card,oryourphonewhenyougosopping?PeopleinChinamaypaywithWeChat(微信)onthephones.Weseldomusepapermoney.WhileWeChatPayisnowapartoflifeinourcountry,thiswayofpayingalsoappearsinothercountries.Alotofforeigncompaniesandtradershavetoacceptit.AccordingtoXinhuaNews,about13foreigncountrieshaveWeChatPayservicesforChinesetravelers.IsitgoodorbadtouseWeChatPay?Willpeoplenolongerusepapermoneyinthefuture?SomediscussionsappearontheInternet."Idon'tthinkso.NearlyhalfofChinesepeopleliveinthecountryside.Peopletherecan'tenjoyitwithoutgoodInternetservice.Andmostoldpeopleliketousepapermoney."saidWinnie."WeChatPayisconvenientandsafe.Weneedn'ttellifthemoneyisrealorfake.Butpapermoneyisjusttheopposite.WeshouldencouragepeopletouseWeChatPaymore."saidawiseman."Foralongtime,peoplewillusedifferentpaymentways,"saidSunshine."Tradersshouldallowpeopletochoosethewaystheyliketopay."Willpapermoneydisappearinthefuture?What'syourideasaboutit?41.WhenwepaywithWeChat,weneedtouseour__________.A.phonesB.papermoneyC.creditcardsD.wallet42.Awisemanthought__________.A.itwasnotsafeifpeopledon'tusepapermoneyB.WeChatPaywasconvenientandsafeC.peoplewouldgoonusingpapermoneyinthefutureD.oldpeopleliketousepapermoneymore43.Theunderlinedword"fake"inParagraph5maymean__________.A.脏的B.麻烦的C.假的D.残缺的44.Fromthepassage,wecanknow__________.A.onlyChinesepeopleuseWeChatPayB.ChinesetravelerscanuseWeChatPayinabout13foreigncountriesC.peopleuseWeChatPaymorethanpapermoneyintheworldD.papermoneywillsurelydisappearinthefuture45.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?\nA.WhyPeopleUseWeChatPay?B.WeChatPaymentinChina.C.WillPaperMoneyDisappear?D.PaymentWaysintheFuture.B【2020•河北省】Inclass,studentsaresharingtheirdreamjobs.Jacob:I'dliketobeamountain-climbingguideforseveralreasons.NumberOne,mountainclimbingisveryexciting.Mountain-climbingguidesgettoclimbtall,dangerousmountains,right?NumberTwo,Ienjoyworkingoutdoorsandhelpingothers.NumberThree,mountain-climbingguidestravelwidelyandmeetmanyfunpeople.Fred:Mychoiceistobeavet（兽医）.Why?Ilikeanimals.Animalsbringalotofjoytoourlives,buttheyaskforlittleinreturn.Ialsoenjoyhelpinganimalsandtheirownersfeelbetter.Petownersarehappywhentheirpetsarewell.Finally,vetsgettoworkwithotherpeoplewholikeanimals.Anne:Ha,mydreamjob?Anaccountant（会计）!Ithinkit'sinteresting.I'mgoodatnumbers,youknow,andIalsolikehelpingpeoplemanagetheirmoney.Goodaccountantsarewellpaid,andIwanttomanagemyownmoney,ofcourse.Butthemostimportantofall,accountantsmostlyworkalone,andIliketoworkalone.Jessica:I'dliketobecomeananimator（动画片制作者）andmakefilmslikeToyStory,Shrek,andCars.Yousee,IlovedrawingandIloveworkingoncomputers.I'dliketohelppeoplerelaxandenjoytheirlife.Animatorscanmakealotofmoney,too.21.Jacob'sdreamjobistobe.A.avetB.ananimatorC.anaccountantD.amountain-climbingguide22.WhatisAnne'smainreasonforherdreamjob？A.Thejobisinteresting.B.Thejobiswellpaid.C.Sheisgoodatnumbers.D.Shelikestoworkbyherself.23.Whatdothefourstudentshaveincommon?A.Theyenjoyworkingoutside.B.Theyenjoyofferinghelptoothers.C.Theyhopetomeetfunpeople.D.Theyhopetomakealotofmoney.C【2020•东营市】Atornado（龙卷风）isakindofstrongstormwithairwhichmovesinacirclequickly.Theycanmoveover200milesperhourandcausealotofdamage（损坏）.Astheymoveacrosstheland,theycaneasilypickupcars,trucks,andevenhouses,andthenthrowthemveryfar.Itisimportanttofindasafeplaceifatornadogetsclose.Asafeplacecouldbeabasement（地下室）orthelowestfloor.Ifyouareinahomewithoutabasement,try\ntofindafirst-floorbathroomorasmallroomwithoutwindowsinthemiddleofyourhouse.Youshouldcurlup（蜷缩）intoaballandcoveryourheadandneckwithyourhands.Buttherearesomepeoplewhoactuallywanttogetclosetotornadoes.Theyarescientistswhowanttolearnmoreabouttornadoes.Oneofthebestwaystodothisistogetascloseaspossibletothetornado.Theyusespecialtoolstomeasure（测量）whatishappeninginandaroundatornado.Onespecialtooliscalledatornadoprobe（探测仪）.Insidethetornadoprobe,therearesensors（传感器）tomeasurewindspeed,temperature,pressure,anddirection.Someprobesevenhavecameras,sothescientistscanseeandunderstandwhatit’sliketobeinatornado.Tobeabletogetthesemeasurements,thescientistshavetogetatornadoprobenearorintoatornado.Scientistswilltrytoguesswhereatornadowillgonext.Thentheydrivetothatlocationandputdowntheprobe.Iftheydonotguesscorrectly,theypickuptheirprobeandtryanotherplace.Iftheyareright,thetornadowillgonearorevenrightovertheprobe.Thentheytakeallofthemeasurementsfromtheprobeandusethemtopredictwherefuturetornadoesmayform（形成）andtravel.Andtheycangivepeoplesomewarningtokeepawayfromadangeroustornado.36.Ifatornadogetsclose,whatshouldpeopledotokeepsafe?A.Gotoabasement.B.Findasmallroom.C.Stayinabathroom.D.Curlthelegsup.37.WhatcanthesensorinaprobeNOTdo?A.Measurewindspeedandtemperature.B.Takephotosandvideos.C.Measurewindtemperatureandpressure.D.Measurewindspeedanddirection.38.WhichstatementaboutthescientistsisTRUE?A.Theyrisktheirlivesstudyingtornadoes.B.Theycaneasilyputtheprobeintherightplace.C.Theygetclosetoatornadotoadmireit.D.Withthehelpofthemeasurements,theycanpreventthetornadoforming.39.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.whatatornadoisB.howdangerousatornadoisC.whereatornadomayformandtravelD.howscientistsdoresearchworkontornadoes\n40.Youmayfindthispassagein________.A.anovelB.astorybookC.aguidebookD.asciencemagazineD【2020•广西北部湾经济区】ChinagetsgreenerPresidentXiJinpingsaid"clearwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets(绿水青山就是金山银山)".WiththeeffortsofChina'sgovernmentanditspeople,therateofforestcoverage(森林覆盖率)inChinahasreached22.96%,comparedto5.05%fortyyearsago,accordingtoarecentreportfromtheStateForestryandGrasslandAdministration(SFGA).Overthepastfortyyears,Chinaplantedbillionsoftreesaspartofitsfightagainstexpanding(延伸的)deserts,mostlyinitsnorth.Eachyear,peoplesowseedlings(播种)overanareanearlythesizeofIreland,accordingtoNature.In1978,Chinabegananationwidetree-plantingprogrammeknownastheThreeNorthShelterbeltForestProgramme,alsoknownas"theGreatGreenWall".Ithashelpedtoplantmorethan66billiontreesacross13provincesinthecountry'snorthtoactaswindbreaks(防风林),accordingtoChinaDaily.Since2018,SFGAhasmademoreeffortstobuildagreenercountry.Itspurposeistogrowatleast6.7millionhectares(公顷)offoresteveryyearinthenext15years.Besidesplantingmoretrees,Chinahastriedtobringbackgrasslands.Ithasalsousedstrictforestprotectionmethodsandbanned(禁止)allcommerciallogging(商业伐木)sincelastAugust.Thehigh-speedgrowthofforestscannothappenwithoutpublicparticipation(参与).Forexample,AntForest,anAlipaymobilepaymentapp,plantsrealteesforuserswhoget"greenenergy"bytakingpartinlow-carbon(低碳)activities.Since2016,ithashelpedtoplantabout122milliontreesinChina'sdriestareas.Chinawaspraisedas"oneofthemostsuccessfulcountriesworldwideingreeningthedesert"byUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeExecutiveDirectorErikSolheim.36.Whatwastherateofforestcoveragefortyyearsago?A.5.05%.B.17.91%.C.22.96%.D.28.01%.37.Overthepastfortyyears,Chinahasplantedbillionsoftreesto________.A.turndesertsintogreenlandB.createagreenareainthedesertC.stopdesertsfromexpandingD.buildanareanearlythesizeofIreland38.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.WindbreakshavecoveredacrossallprovincesofChina.\nB.In1978,Chinasucceededinbuilding"theGreatGreenWall.C.Chinahasgrown6.7millionhectaresofforestsince2018.D.Since1978,over66billiontreeshavebeenplantedtoactaswindbreaks.39.WhatdidChinadotobuildagreenercountry?A.Triedtobringbackgrasslands.B.Madestrictforestprotectionmethods.C.Bannedcommerciallogging.D.Alloftheabove.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.AntForestplantsrealtreesforallChinesepeople.B.Everybodycanhelpbuildagreenercountry.C.China'sforestcoverageisthehighestintheworld.D.ChinawaspraisedfornodesertsinnorthernChina.E【2020•遵义市】Chinahasacceptedwesternfashionandtechnologyasithasdevelopedtheseyears,butalotofyoungpeopleareturningtothepastfortheirclotheschoicesandputtingontraditional"hanfu".Asthegovernmentencouragestherenaissance(复兴)oftraditionalculture,hanfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularwiththeteenagers.Everyyear,wecanenjoydifferenthanfushowsaroundthecities.TheseshowsbringusbacktoHandynasty.Welearnmoreaboutthehistory,cultureandbeautyfromthem.Hanfuhasn'tbeeninthesamestylesinceHandynasty.However,thiskindofclotheshassomethingincommon.Theyallhavelargesoftrobes(袍子),withsleevesthathangdowntotheknees,sothehandscan'tbeseen.InmodernChina,thehanfuloversarefromhistoryfans,cartoonfanstoclothesfans."Clothesarethebasicpartofculture,soboththetraditionalclothesandmodernclothesplaythesameroleinculture,"saidZhangJun,afamousreporter."Ifthepeopleandthecountrydonotevenunderstandourtraditionalclothesordon'twearthem,howcanwetalkaboutotherimportantpartsofourculture?"26.Whatclothesdoesthepassagetalkabout?A.B.C.D.27.Hanfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularbecause________.A.ChinahasacceptedwesternfashionB.Chinahasacceptedwesterntechnology\nC.ChinahasdevelopedinrecentyearsD.thegovernmentencouragestraditionalculture28.WhoarehanfuloversinChinanowadays?A.Historyfans.B.Cartoonfans.C.Clothesfans.D.Alloftheabove.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sleeves"mean?A.衣领B.衣袖C.纽扣D.拉链30.AccordingtoZhangJun,hethinks________.A.clothesarenotthepartofcultureB.it'snotnecessaryforustowearhanfuC.clotheshelpusunderstandourculturebetterD.hanfuisn'tsoimportantasmodernclothesF【2020•山西省】请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thesedays,teenagersareheavilyinfluencedbythemedia.ManyofthemhavewatchedthousandsofhoursofTV.That'smoretimethantheyspendwithteachersatschool.Andwehaven'tyetconsideredthehourstheyspendusingtheInternetandreadingnewspapers.However,severalstudieshaveshownaseriousproblem:today'steenagerslackmedialiteracy(媒体素养).Inotherwords,theyhavedifficultlycriticallythinkingabouttheinformationtheysee.Onestudythatwasdoneonmiddleschoolstudentsshowedthatmorethan80percentofthemcouldn'ttellthedifferencebetweenrealstoriesandadsthatlookedlikenews.StandfordprofessorKevinJohnteachesaclasscalledMediaEffects.Hetriestohelphisstudentslearnmedialiteracy.Theprofessorgaveanexamplethatshowswhymedialiteracyisimportant.Intheexample,twonewsstationsreportasnowstorm.Onefocuseson(关注)theterribleroadconditions.Theotherfocusesonkidsplayinginthesnow."Withanewsstory.newsstationstellyouwhattheyfeelaretheimportantdetails(细节).Thesedetailsmostlydependontheopinionsofthenewsdirector."saidJohn."Apersonwhohasmedialiteracywouldrealizethateachstoryisaboutonesideatthistime.Thereismoregoingon."Someexpertsthinkshoeisthebestplacetoteachmedialiteracy.Otherbelieveeveryone—formparentstoreporters—shouldhelpteenagerslearntheskills.Asforthebesttimetostartlearningmedialiteracy,manyexpertssuggesttheageof12.Butsomebasicideascanbetaughtevenearlier."It'snevertooearlytostartlearningmedialiteracy,"Johnsaid.\n29.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearnthatteenagerstodayspendmoretime______.A.usingtheInternetthanwatchingTVB.watchingTVthanstudyingatschoolC.studyingatschoolthanreadingnewspapers30.Theunderlinedword"lack"inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.缺乏B.质疑C.误解31.Theexampleshowsthatapersonwhohasmedialiteracy_______aboutanewsstory.A.shouldhavethesameopinionsasothersB.couldthinkaboutisgoodandbadsidesC.mustknowaboutalltheimportantdetails32.ProfessorKevinJohnwouldagreethat_______.A.everyoneissupposedtohelpchildrenlearndifferentskillsB.childrenshouldbetaughtmedialiteracyasearlyaspossibleC.newsdirectorsshouldreportthenewschildrenareinterestedin33.Themainideaofthepassageis_______.A.howtodevelopteenagers'medialiteracyB.whereteenagersshouldbetaughtmedialiteracyC.whyteenagersaresupposedtohavemedialiteracyG【2020•绵阳市】Lifeiscompetitive-somekidscandosomethingfasterorbetterthanotherkids.Thismightnotseemfair,butallpeoplearedifferentandhowwellyoucandosomethingisdifferenttoothers.Thismeansthereare“winners"and“losers",andlotsofpeopleareneitherwinnersnorlosersbutin-between.Youcanchoosetobeagoodwinneroranevenbetterloserwhetheryouarecompetingagainstothersoryourself.Beinga“good”winnerNoonelikesa“showoff”.Noonelikessomeonewhotakesallthepraisefortheeffortsofateam.Noonelikespeoplewhoputothersdowntomakethemselveslookgood.Tobeagoodwinneryouneedto:◆Bemodest(谦虚).\n◆Thankthosewhohelpedyoufortheirefforts.◆Keeptryingtoimproveyourskills.◆Aimforthenextstepupinwhateveryouaredoingwell.BeinganevenbetterloserOfcourseit’sdisappointingtolose,especiallyifyouareclosetowinning.Behavingbadlyorangrily,name-callingandgoingonaboutthingsbeing“unfair”won’tchangethefinalresultandwillonlymakeyoulooklikeabadsport.Andnoonelikesbadsportseither.Tobeanevenbetterloseryouneedto:◆Behavepolitely,nicelyandkindly.◆Congratulatetheotherteam.◆Keepanynegative(消极的)thoughtstoyourself-atleastuntilyouareawayfromthegame.It’sOktoletoutyournegativethoughtstoyourbestfriendorparentslater.Andifyoudon’tdoverywellinagame,tryhardertolearnforthenextone.Improvingyourselfmakesyouawinnertoo.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Weareeitherlosersorwinners.B.Weshouldfacewinningandlosingproperly.C.Wecandonothingaboutwinningandlosing.D.Wearealwayscompetingwithothersnotourselves.2.Whatshouldabetterloserdowhenlosing?A.Letouthisangertohisparentsatonce.B.Expresshisnegativefeelingsinthegame.C.Tryhardertoimprovehimselfinthenextgame.D.Behavebadlytohisteammembersorcompetitors.3.Whichoneisnotproperifwesucceed?A.Goingonimprovingourskills.B.Tellingourteammemberstoaimhigher.C.Thankingourteammembersfortheirefforts.D.Puttingdownotherstomakeourselveslookgood.4.Whoisprobablyabadsport?\nA.Tomkeepssayingthegameisunfairwhenheloses.B.Jimencourageshisteammatesaftertheirteamloses.C.Annathankshercoachforwhathehasdonethoughshefails.D.Cindyshowshercongratulationstoothercompetitorsevenifshefails.5.Whatisthepassagewrittenfor?A.Tellinguswhatwecanlearnfromlosing.B.Offeringadviceonwhatwecandotowin.C.Encouragingustobecomeawinnerinsteadofaloser.D.Givingadviceonhowtodealwithwinningandlosing.H【2020•昆明市】YuanLongping,agreatscientist,isthefirstpersontodevelopakindofhybridrice（杂交水稻）whichhelpsfighthungerinChina.FoodwasabigprobleminChinainthepast.ThiswasbecauseChinahad22percentoftheworld'spopulation,butonly7percentofitsfarmland.Inthe1960s,Chinasuffered（遭受）serioushunger.Millionsofpeoplediedbecausetheyhadnofood.Asanagronomy（农学）teacher,Yuanwasverysadtoseethis.“HowcanIhelpthemhaveenoughfood?”hethought.Hedecidedtoworkonakindofhybridrice.Ithasahighoutput（产量）.Atthattime,otherscientistsdidn'tthinkhybridricewasworthstudying.ButYuanandhisteamworkedoniteveryday.Theytookverygoodcareoftheirriceseeds.Atlast,in1973,theygrewanewkindofhybridrice.Thisriceisstrong.Farmerscangrowitinmanydifferentkindsoffarmlandandalsoinbadweather.Itcanalsofightdisease.Itsoutputwasmuchgreaterthancommonkindsofnice.Withthenewkind,about70,000,000peoplecouldhavefoodeveryyear.YuansolvedthefoodprobleminChina.Butheisstillworkingonrice.Beforeheretires（退休）,hehopestogrowriceinthesea!根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。36.WhywasfoodabigprobleminChinainthepast?A.Becausefarmersdidn'tgrownice.B.Becausefarmersdidn'thavericeseeds.C.BecauseChinahadnomoneytobuyplentyoffood.D.BecauseChinahadalargepopulationbutalittlefarmland.37.HowdidYuanLongpinghelppeoplehaveenoughfood?\nA.Hediscoveredanotherkindoffood.B.Heborrowedenoughfoodfromothercountries.C.Hedevelopedakindofhybridricewithhisteam.D.Hestartedbeinganagronomyteachertostudynice.38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutthenewkindofhybridrice?A.Itisabletofightdisease.B.Itisgrownacrosstheworld.C.Itsoutputismuchhigher.D.Itcanbegrownindifferentfarmland.39.YuanLongpingwishestobeforeheretires.A.growriceintheseaB.haveagoodrestC.keepseveralpetcatsD.helppeopleinAfrica40.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thenewkindofhybridriceisworthstudying.B.ThenewkindofhybridricewasinventedinChina.C.YuanLongpinggrewthenewkindofhybridriceformanyyears.D.YuanLongpinghasplayedanimportantroleinsolvingChina'sfoodproblem.A【2020•内蒙古鄂尔多斯市东胜区中考一模】Takingonlineclassesisbecomingincreasinglypopular.Doyouknowwhatstudentsaroundtheworldthinkofit?Therearefourstudentsfromdifferentcountriesdiscussingit.LiMeifromWuhanTakingonlinecoursesgivesmealotmorechoicesandfreedom.Wecanchoosetolearnwhateverwewant.Also,onlineclassesmakeustostudywheneverandwhereverwewant.JennyfromNewYorkTherearemanytemptations(诱惑)ontheInternet.Studentscanbedistractedeasilywhentheyarehavingonlinecourses.Thelearningprocessisnotasorganizedasitisintheclassroom.ReiyufromTokyoWemightfeelmorefocusedonlearningwhenwearehavingonlinecourses,becausewearealoneinfrontofacomputerwithnoonetodistractus.Inaddition,takingonlinecoursesalsohelpsuspractiseourcomputerskills.MonicafromRome\nIthinktheideaoftakingonlinecoursesiscrazy.Itcanincreaseourexposure（接触）tocomputersandtheradiationfromthemcoulddoharmtoourbodies,especiallyoureyes.31.LiMeithinksitis______totakeonlinecourses.A.tiringB.difficultC.convenientD.important32.Whoisagainstonlineclasses?A.LeiMeiandJenny.B.ReiyuandMonica.C.JennyandMonica.D.LiMeiandReiyu.33.Themainideaofthepassageis_____.A.GoodwaystotakeonlinecoursesB.SuggestionsforusingcomputerswiselyC.Onlineclassesindifferentcountries.D.Differentopinionsontakingonlinecourses.B【2020•安徽省】Whenyouhavedinner,youfollowtablemanners.Whenyouhavealesson,youobeytherulesintheclassroom.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutneedingtomindyourmannersinthedigitalworldwhenyouusephones,e-mailsandsocialmedias,likeQQ,WeChat,Twitter,etc?AsnewresearchbyOxfordUniversitynoted.“It’sjustimportanttotreatpeoplewithrespectonlineasitisinreallife.”Thestudycameupwithsomerulesofgoodmannerstolivebyinthedigitalage.Theirfirstadviceisnot“over-sharing”onsocialmedia,whichmeansnotpostingeverydetailaboutyourlifeonline,becausesomeofusarenotcreativeenoughtoalwaysshowoffourthoughtsandlivesonsocialmedia.Themannersalsoincludenotlookingthroughothers’phonesandnotgossipingaboutothersovermessage,especiallywhenyouchoose“replyall”tosendamessagetoagroupofpeople.Althoughgossipisnotaharmfulchatthatcanmakeconversationsexciting,itcanalsobeawaytospreadsomethinguntrueaboutotherpeople.Gossipcanbeevenstrongeronsocialmediathaninreallife,soit’sbetternottogossip.Moreover,whenyouhavebadnewsforsomeone,donotleavetextmessagesonsocialmedia,chatwithhimorherbycallingorsendingpersonalmessages.Nowadaystechnologyhasofferedusdifferentwaystocontactothers.Itisimportanttorememberhowtobehavetowardsothersonline.38.Accordingtothepassage,weshouldn’tover-sharedetailsofourlifeonsocialmediabecause_____.\nA.itmayallowbadpeopletostealourpersonalinformationeasilyB.nobodyisinterestedinourpersonallifeunlessyouareastarC.over-sharingwilldisturbothersalthoughyoumayhavecreativethoughtsandlivesD.noteachofuscanexpressourthoughtsandlivescreatively39.What’stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“gossip”inthepassage?A.随笔B.恶意评论C.爱说长道短的人D.流言蜚语40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theauthormentions5kindsofsocialmedia.B.Noonewouldmindyourbehaviouronsocialmedia.C.Theauthorgivessomeadviceonhowtobehaveonsocialmedia.D.Onlyfewpeoplefollowthesocialmannersinthedigitalworld.41.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A.AB.BC.CD.DC【2020•天津市东丽区中考二模】EveryyearonmybirthdaysinceIwas11，awhitegardenia（栀子花）wassenttomyhouse．Nocardevercamewithit．Callstotheflowershopwerenothelpfulatall．AftersometimeIstoppedtryingtofindoutthesender'snameandwasjustpleasedwiththebeautifulflower，insoftpinkpaper．Icouldn'tstopimaginingwhothegivermightbe．Someofmyhappiestmomentswerespentdaydreaming（幻想）aboutthesender．Mymotherencouragedthesedaydreams．She'daskmeifIhadbeenespeciallykindtosomeone．PerhapsitwasoneofmyclassmatesPerhapsitwastheoldmanwhoIoncehelped．Asagirl，IhadmorefunimaginingthatitmightbeaboythatIhadmet．Amonthbeforemyhighschoolgraduation（毕业），myfatherdied．IwassosadthatIbecamecompletely\nuninterestedinmycominggraduationdance，andIdidn'tcarewhetherIhadanewdressornot．Mymother，inherownsadness，wouldnotletmemiss（过）anyofthosethings．Shewantedherchildrentofeelloved．Infact，mymotherwantedherchildrentoseethemselvesmuchlikethegardenia：lovely，strongandperfect．MymotherdiedtenyearsafterIwasmarried．Thatwastheyearthegardeniastoppedcoming．51.Thewriterreceivedonherbirthdaysinceshewas11．A.awhitegardeniaB.acardC.acardandsoftpinkpaperD.agardeniaandacard52.Thewriterwasverywhenshewasimaginingwhosenttheflower．A.happyB.sadC.worriedD.nervous53.Itcanbeinferred（椎断）fromthepassagethat．A.thewriterdidn'tgetanewdressforthedanceB.thewriterprobablyjoinedinthegraduationdanceC.thewriter'sfatherdiedtenyearsearlierthanhermotherD.thewriter'sfatherreceivedagardeniaoneachofhisbirthdays54.Thewritergotthegardeniasfromonherbirthdays．A.herclassmateB.theoldmanC.theboyD.hermother55.Thepassagemainlytalksabout．A.whatagardeniameantB.whatagirldreamedaboutC.howamotherlovedherchildrenD.howadaughtermissedherfather．D【2020•浙江省宁波市中考一模】Ifyouareinchargeofaproject,thekeytosuccessisgettingeveryonetovolunteertohelpyou.Asadirector,Ipoint.Isuggest.IgentlypushtheactorsinthedirectionIwantthemtogo.Inthe1986movie,NothinginCommon,JackieGleason'scharacter,MaxBasner,getsfiredfromhisjobasaclothingsalesman.Thescene,shotonaboat,showsMax'sdespairaboutbeingoutofwork.IwaslookingforsomegesturethatwouldallowMaxtoshowhisfeelings.\nJackiehadfarmoreexperienceateverythingthanIdid,andatfirstIwasfrightened.WhatcouldIpossiblytell"TheGreatOne"aboutacting?OutoffearIdecidedtodirectbysuggestion,andsatdownwithGleasontotalkaboutthescene."SoMaxissad,right?"Isaid.Gleasonnodded."Andhe'sprobablystillcarryinghispenswithnameonthem﹣theonesheusedtohandouttohiscustomers,right?"Gleasonnodded."Sowhatwouldyouwanttodowiththepensafteryouwerefired?"Hewassilentforamoment,"Whydon'tIthrowthemoverboard?"Istoodupandturnedtowardthecrew."Hey,everybody,Jackiehasawonderfulidea.Let'sshootit."Afterfilmingthescene,Gleasoncalledmeoverandsmiledatme,"Garry,whatkindofwonderfulideaamIgoingtohavetomorrow?"Youandyourteamcandiscovertheanswerstoproblemstogether.Whentherearenoprizesorgoldstarsforwhoevergetsthesolutionfirst,you'llallbenefitwheneverythingturnsoutright.37.Whatdidthewriterdotoachievesuccessasadirector?A.Hegaveordersandinstructionsdirectly.B.Hepushedhisteamhardtofollowhim.C.Hesaidrepeatedlywhohadthefinalsay.D.Heguidedtheactorswithgreatpatience..38.WecaninferthatJackieGleasonwas________ofthefilmNothinginCommon.A.thedirectorB.anactorC.thewriterD.ancharacter.39.WhatdidGleasonmeanbysmilingatthewriter?A.Heenjoyedthewriter'swayofdirectingfilms.B.Hewasself﹣confidentabouthisactingthenextday.C.Hehadmanagedtogetoverhisunpleasantfeelings.D.Hehaddiscoveredtheanswerstoalltheproblems..40.Thepurposeofthewriter'ssharinghisfilmingexperienceistotellus________.A.differentwaystodirectfilmsB.skillsofworkingwithfilmstarsC.thekeytosuccessinaproject\nD.awonderfulideaofshowingfeelings.E【2020•浙江省杭州市下城区一模】Plasticisallaroundus.It'sintheTVswewatchathome,thedesksweuseatwork,andthepenswewritewithatschool,evenwrappedaroundthefoodwebuy.Somepeoplehavehadenoughofplastic,though,andhavechosenanewlifestyle.Thesepeoplehavebecomeplasticarians,meaningtheytrytolivelifewithoutbuyingorusingplastic.BritishstudentThomasSmithdecidedtogoplastic-free,tellingreporters,"Abitofplasticyouhadforasecondlastslongerthanyourlifetime."Smithtriedtoavoidbuyinganythingthathadplasticinit,whichmadegettingeventhesimplestitems,liketoiletpaper,difficult.Overaperiodofsixmonths,helostfivekilogramsinweightandfinallygaveup.BethTerry,awomaninCalifornia,haslivedmostlyplastic-freeformorethansixyears.ForBeth,choosingaplasticarianlifestylecameoutofconcernfortheplanetandherhealth.Studieshavelinkedsomekindsofplastictocancerandheartdisease,andchemicalsintheseplasticscaninfluenceababy'sdevelopment.That'swhysonicdoctorssayitisimportantthatwomenwhoarchavingbabiesintheirbodiesavoideatingfoodstoredinplasticcontainers.It'snevertoolatetostartreducingtheamountofplastic.Youcanstartbygivingupbottledwaterandteas.Instead,buyareusablestainless-steelbottleandbringdrinksfromhome.Youcanalsobuyfoodfromfarmers'markets,wherefreshproduceandmeatarenotpackagedinplastic.Finally,it'sbettertousesoapandshampoobarsthatarewrappedinpaperthanliquidsoapsandshampoosthatcomeinplasticbottles.Whilecuttingplasticoutofyourlifeallatoncemaybetoomuchtomanage,everyjourneybeginswithonestep.Chooseoneplasticitemtolivewithouttoday,andyouwillbeonyourwaytoahealthierlifeandacleanerplanet.12.Howdoesthewritershowthefactthatplasticisallaroundus?A.Bytellingastory.B.Bydescribingapicture.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byusingnumbers.13.WhydidBritishstudentThomasSmithdecidetogiveupplastic?A.Hewantedtoexperiencehowtolivewithoutplasticinhislife.B.Hethoughtthatplasticcouldhelphimloseweight.C.Hewantedtobehealthier.D.Hewantedtohelptheenvironment.14.WhichofthefollowingstatementsinNOTtrue,accordingtothearticle?A.Youshoulduseaplasticbottleandfillitwithwateroverandoveragain.\nB.Youcanstarttobringdrinksfromhomeratherthanbuybottledteasatastore.C.It'sbettertobuysoapandshampoobarswrappedinpaperD.Studieshaveshownthatchemicalintheplasticscanbeharmfultoababy'sdevelopment.15.Inthelastparagraph,thewriterismainly________.A.showingapredictionusingplasticinourdailylifeB.introducingtheresultsofcuttingplasticoutoflifeatonceCexpressingafeelingaboutstoppingusingplasticthingsD.givingadviceoncuttingdownplasticuseF【2020•浙江省杭州市江干区中考一模】Mostofusdon'tlikeaboutfooduntilwestartfeelinghungry,buteatingimportantinlife.Totalkaboutfoodandeatingistotalkaboutoneofthemostcommonsubjectsweknow.Eatingisjustlikebreathingorsleeping,soeveryday,soordinary,itdoesnotreceivemuchnotice.However,what,where,when,how,andwithwhomweeatsayagreatdealaboutwhoweare.Doyouusechopsticks?Doyouholdtheknifebackward?Doyouchewwithyourmouthopen?Alltheseeatinghabitssaysomethingaboutyou.Theyaremessagesevenwhenwearenottryingtosayanything.Foodandthewaysweeatit,likeclothesandthewaywewearthem,tellwhoandwhatweare.Welearnoureatinghabitsveryearlyinlife.Weusuallyhavestrongfeelingaboutourchildhoodfoods.Foodswelearntolikeourearlyyearsprobablyhaveaspecialmeaningforusforeverbecausetheyareconnectedtopeopleandthingswelove.Mom'scheersorthewayDadcutsthebreadcrustsjustrightbringingupfeelingsofloveandcomfort.Peopleusefoodandeatingtomarktheseasonsandtheimportantmomentsinlife（suchasgrowingupandgettingmarried）,ortohonorgods,andtosaysomethingaboutthemselves.Peoplewilleatdifferentfoodsfordifferentholidays.Sometimespeopleeverexplainwhytheyeatcertainthingsoncertaindays.AmericansdothatsortofexplainingatThanksgiving.TheyeatTurkey,corn,andIndianpuddingbecausetheirancestors（祖先）atethematthefirstThanksgiving.ThosefoodsmeansomethingtoAmericans.Asyoucansee,foodandeatingmarkpeople'ssharedexperiences,buttheycanalsomarkthedifferences.Inthesense,wetrulyarewhatweeat.12.Youcanprobablyreadthearticlefromamagazineabout_______________.A.travelingB.foodandculture\nC.clothesandfashionD.sports13.Whydopeoplehavestrongfeelingaboutchildhoodfoods?A.Becausethefoodsmayconnecttothebelovedpeopleorthings.B.Becausemostofthepeoplelikeeatingcheeseandbread.C.BecausethecheesemadebyMomandDadtastesdelicious.D.Becausepeoplelearntheeatinghabitsveryearly.14.Whichofthefollowingshowstheproperstructureofthispassage?A.B.C.D.15.Whatdoesthesentence"wetrulyarewhatweeat"meanaccordingtothepassage?A.Weneedtoeathealthyfoodtokeepfit.B.Thewayweeattellsalotaboutus.C.Weeatsomespecialfoodonspecialdays.D.It'sthefoodthatmakesusdifferent.G【2020•四川省泸州市泸县中考二模】Iwasonceinaclassinwhichnoneofthestudentswouldevergraduate.Eachstudentinourclassseemedtobeatroublemaker.NoneofourteachershadstayedforlongerthanaweekuntilMrsCosbycame.Onemorning,thedoortotheclassroomopenedandanewteacherwalkedin.ItwasMrsCosby.Shelookedverykind.Andwesurelygaveherahardtimeandthoughtshewouldn’tstayformorethanaweek.Butnomatterwhatwedid,shenevergotstroppywithus.Andslowlywegotworriedabouthowtodriveheraway.Thencamethelastdayofthefirstmonth.Shewentintotheclassroomwithsomepiecesofpaperinherhands.Wefearedthattheworstwouldhappen---atest.However,itwasn’tatest,butsomethingsurprisedus.MrsCosbygaveeachofusapieceofpaper.Oneachpieceofpapershehadwrittenwhatthestudenthadbeengoodatduringthelastmonth.Weweresurprised,Noonehadeverencouragedusbeforeshecame.Wehadbeenalwaystoldwewerethesilliestintheworld.Butshetolduswewereintelligentinsomeway.Fromthatdaywestartedtobelieveinourselves.Fromthatdaywestoppedmakingherlifehardandbegantostudyreallyhard.Otherteacherscouldn’tunderstandwhathappenedtous.Butweknewthereason---eachmonthwegotapieceofpapertellinguswhatweweregoodatfromMrsCosby.Andthencamethedayofourgraduation.ThatdayMrsCosbytoldusthatshewasproudofus.Shesaidsheknewweweregoodstudentsandthatwecouldsucceed.Whatweneededwastobelieveinourselves.\n41.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thewriterfailedtograduatefromschool.B.Teachersinthatschoolwerenotfriendly.C.Thewriter’sclasswasdifficulttodealwith.D.Teachersintheschoolworkedforoneweekinturn42.Theunderlinedphrase“gotstroppy”probablymeans“_______________”.A.注意B.生气C.相处D.照看43.Whatwastheworstthingthestudentsfeartodoaccordingtothepassage?A.FinishingthehomeworkB.DoingsomethingwrongC.HavingatestD.Givingatalk44.Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthepassage?A.MrsCosbywasn’tproudofherstudents.B.Alltheteacherstoldthestudentstheywereintelligentintheclass.C.MrsCosby’sencouragementhelpedthewriterandtheclassmatesalot.D.mostofthestudentsintheclasswerefullofconfidencebeforeMrsCosbycame.45.Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe____________.A.TerriblestudentsB.MyEnglishteacherC.AnyonecanbecomeagoodstudentD.Thepowerofencouragementfromtheteacher