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考点三数词和主谓一致一、数词命题趋势:数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用数词的能力。中考考查重点:1.基数词;2.序数词;3.分数。数词的分类:数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序,往往与定冠词the连用。考向一:基数词的构成(1)0—12单独记。如:zero,one,two,three等。(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。(4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。48—forty-eight,97—ninety-seven等。(5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。156—onehundredandfifty-six,509—fivehundredandnine。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。3,610=threethousandsixhundredandten;94,295=ninety-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-five;考向二:序数词的构成\nfirst1stsecond2ndthird3rdfourth4thfifth5thsixth6thseventh7theighth8thninth9thtenth10theleventh11thtwelfth12ththirteenth13thfourteenth14thfifteenth15thsixteenth16thseventeenth17theighteenth18thnineteenth19thtwentieth20thtwenty-first21sttwenty-second22ndthirtieth30thfortieth40thfiftieth50thsixtieth60thseventieth70theightieth80thninetieth90thhundredth100thonehundredandfirst101st(1)"第一"、"第二"、"第三"分别是first,second,third。(2)"第四"到"第十九"除了fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth是特殊的拼写外,其余的都在相应基数词后面加"th"构成。如:fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i,再加"-eth"。如:thirty→thirtieth;fifty→fiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth;第一千thousandth;第一百万millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时,只变化个位数。如:twenty-one→twenty-first;onehundredandone→onehundredandfirst。基数词变序数词记忆口诀基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie,要是遇上两位数,十位基数,个位序,th最后加上去。考向三:分数的表达法分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。►1/3onethird7/9sevenninths\n【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法:►ahalf二分之一aquarter=onefourth四分之一threequarters=threefourth四分之三英语分数巧记英语分数不费事,"母序子基"四个字。分子若是大于一,分母还须加-s。【典例】【2020·辽宁丹东】ThewordsfromPage1toPage3areveryclear.Buttheonesonthe________pagearenot.A.firstB.twoC.threeD.fourth考向四:数词和主谓一致1.就近一致原则。2.意义一致原则。3.语法一致原则。【典例】【2020·湖北鄂州中考】Becauseofthespecialsituationthisyear,about________ofthestudentsinourschool________havingclassesontheInternetathome.A.twothirds;areB.twothird;isC.secondthirds;areD.twothirds;is主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复,牛人警察和船员。主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关。主语从句非谓语,manya再加morethanone,谓语动词均用单。or,nor,butalso,therebe,近主原则挂嘴边。主语neither,either,one,谓语总是用三单。主语虽有and连,and后面没有冠,仅指一人或一事,谓语仍然是单三。时间、价值度量衡,谓语常作单数看。no,each,every后用单,两件/种事物/情系一概念。二、主谓一致命题趋势:\n主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查,主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中,要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。中考考查重点:主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。考向一:主谓一致的三个原则1.意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如:Mathsisdifficultforus.数学对我们来说很难。Thepolicearetryingtosearchforthethiefonthehill.警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。【典例】【2020•四川达州】—MaYunaswellasRenzhengfei_______tonsofattentionwherevertheygo.—Yeah,theyareverysuccessful.Webelievethatstruggle(奋斗)createshistoryandhardworkmakesa_______future.A.gets;brightlyB.get;brightC.gets;brightD.get;brightly2.语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词,复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如:Mybikeisunderthetree.我的自行车在树下。Thesebooksareold.这些书是旧的。【典例】【2020•黑龙江绥化】Myfamily______fordinnernow.We'rebusy.A.ispreparingBarepreparingC.prepares3.就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时,谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。Eithermyfatherorbrotheriscoming.我父亲来,要不然就是我弟弟来。Notonlyyoubutalsotheyaregoodstudents.不仅你是好学生,而且他们也是好学生。【典例】【2020•辽宁营口】NotonlyJimbutalsoLucy______afewcitiessincetheycametoChina.A.willvisitB.visitedC.havevisitedD.hasvisited【知识归纳】含义例句\n语法一致指的是主语为单数形式时,谓语动词使用单数形式,主语如果为复数形式,那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。Tomisagoodstudent.汤姆是个好学生。Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。意义一致又称为概念一致原则,指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义,而不取决于表面上的语法联系。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.这本书20美元太贵了。就近一致又称为近邻一致原则,指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成,谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。考向二:并列结构作主语由and或bothand连接两个名词、代词作主语,表示不同的人或事物时,句子的谓语用复数。JohnandMikearegoodfriends.约翰和迈克是好朋友。Bothbreadandmilkaregoodforyou.面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语,在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。ThefamoussingeranddanceriscomingtoChongqing.那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。考向三:"名词+介词短语"作主语名词或代词后接aswellas,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except,but等短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。Sheaswellasotherstudentslikesplayingcomputergames.她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。Hewithhisparentsisworkinginthefields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobodybutyouandmeknowsit.除了你和我,没人知道。考向四:不定代词作主语1.当作主语的名词前有each,neither,either,every修饰或each,neither,either作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Eachstudenthasabook.每一个学生都有一本书。Eitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都是正确的。Neitherparentiswithhim.他的父母都没有和他在一起。\nEveryminuteisimportanttous.每一分钟对大家都很重要。2.当复合不定代词someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Somebodyiswaitingforyououtside.有人在外面等你。Iseverybodyheretoday?今天大家都到了吗?Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.我的手表出故障了。Nobodywasawayyesterday.昨天没有人离开。【典例】【2020•黑龙江齐齐哈尔】Toavoidgathering(聚集),neitherthestudentsnortheirteacher________goingtothepartythisevening.A.wasB.areC.is考向五:Therebe和Herebe的就近原则Therebe和Herebe结构后面接并列名词时,谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。Thereisapen,apencil,aknifeandthreebooksonthedesk.书桌上有一支钢笔,一支铅笔,一把刀和三本书。Herearesomeflowersandacard.这里有一些花和一张卡片。【典例】【2020•上海】There_________morethantwowaystosolvethismathsproblem.A.amB.isC.areD.be考向六:特殊名词作主语1.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时,即使其形式上是复数,谓语动词也要用单数。TheUnitedStatesliestotheeastofChina.美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engelswasgoodatlearningforeignlanguages.恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2."the+形容词"作主语时,表示某类人,谓语动词用复数。Thesickaretakengoodcareof.病人得到很好的照顾。Theoldaresupposedtobespokentopolitely.跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3.以-s结尾的名词,如maths,physics,politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词,如news,plastics等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。Physicsisverydifficultformetolearn.物理对我来讲很难Thenewswasveryexciting.这条新闻十分激动人心。4.单复数形式相同的名词,如Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。\nAChinesewantstoseeyou.一个中国人想见你。Tensheepareeatinggrassthere.那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese,Japanese,English等前加the表示一国人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。TheChinesespeakChinese.中国人说汉语。考向七:表数量概念的词或短语作主语1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。Tenyearshaspassedquickly.10年很快就过去了。Tendollarsisenough.10美元就够了。100kilometersisalongway.100千米是一段很长的路。2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数,其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Twoandtwois/arefour.2加2等于4。Sixtimesoneis/aresix.6乘以1等于6。3."manya/morethanone+单数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Thereismorethanoneanswer.有不止一个答案。Manyastudenthaspassedtheexam.许多学生通过了考试。4."oneandahalf+复数名词"作主语时,谓语用单数。OneandahalfdaysisallIcanspare.一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。Oneandahalfpearsisleftontheplate.一个半梨被留在盘子里。5.therestof短语作主语时,如果of后接复数名词,谓语用复数;如果of后接不可数名词,谓语用单数。Therestofthebikesareonsale.余下的自行车降价出售。Therestofthebreadisgone.剩余的面包不见了。6."noneof+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。Noneofthedogswas/werethere.那儿没有狗。7."anumberof+名词复数"表示"许多/大量的……",其后的谓语动词用复数;"thenumberof+名词复数"表示"……的数量",其中心词为number,故谓语动词用单数。Anumberoffarmersarestandingoverthere.许多农民站在那边。Thenumberofthestudentsinthisschoolhasreachedover2,000.这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。8."alotof/lotsof/plentyof+名词"作主语,谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;如果of后是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。\nAlotoftimeisneeded.需要大量的时间。Plentyofworkersareworking.许多工人在工作。考向八:动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数。Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourbody.做早操对你的身体有益。Toplaywithfirenearagasstationisverydangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危险。Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.他在会上的发言很重要。【典例】【2020江苏常州】Tothewestofourschool_____somebookstoresandapark.A.liesB.lieC.hasD.have【辨析】其他情况例句and连接并列主语时,谓语动词常常使用复数;但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时,谓语使用单数。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)"单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/alongwith/aswellas/ratherthan/suchas/togetherwith+名词或代词作主语,谓语使用单数形式,如果之前的名词或代词是复数,则谓语使用复数。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。"thenumberof+复数名词"作主语谓语用单数;"a(good/large)numberof+复数名词"作主语,谓语动词用复数。Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.学生人数超过八百。Anumberofteachersarepresenttoday,andthenumberofthemis500.许多教师今天都出席了,有500人。由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数,如chopsticks,glasses,shoes,socks,stockings,trousers,boots等。若此类名词被"akindof/apairof’’Thescissorsareontheshelfnexttothecupboard.剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。Apairofglassescostsquitealotthesedays.近些天,眼镜的售价很高。\n修饰时,谓语动词用单数。当notonlybutalso,notbut,or,eitheror….,neithernor等连接并列主语时,以及在therebe句型中,谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。NeitherJackandIhaveseenthisfilm.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Eitheryouorheistoattendthemeetingtomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。某些集体名词,如class,club,family,team,group等,作主语时,谓语动词采用意义一致原则,即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Thecompanyhasgrownrapidlyinthelastfiveyears.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。ThefamilyarecelebratingThanksgivinginthispicture.在这张相片里,全家人正在庆祝感恩节。【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词使用单数形式,如果这一类词指的是具体成员,则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。谓语动词只用单数的情况主语抽象表单一,集体名词整体看;and连接两名词,或人或物不可分;every,each以及no,并用and连名词;三"e"neither不定代,所构合成正式单;news,means,works,貌似复数实则单;还有ics结尾词,国,书,剧名兼格言;时重长度与价值,主单不受随行控;many,morethan连单数,名词数量一个半,谓语单数不多看。\n谓语动词可单可复的语法原则可单可复有8类,集体名词一大类,看作整体用单数,个体单看用复数;不定代词疑问词,部分、半数及剩余,这些作主看内容,该单该复看含义;The加分词形容词,指人一定是复数,若与分词指抽象,仍用单数莫迟疑;oneof引导定从句,修饰复数是真的,若有theonly在前头,从句指的是单一;人口数目与比例,大多、种类作主语;许多、分数、百分数,是单是复看意义;四则运算很随意。谓语动词用复数的情况人们加警察,家禽并牛群,常作复数没问题;服装鞋袜及手套,自然全是用复数。I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Thereare__________(seven)daysinaweek.The__________(seven)dayisSaturday.2.—Whatdoesthefreshjuicecontain?—Fourfifthsofthejuice__________(be)orange.It’sverypure.3.Nowthestudentseach_____________(have)anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.4.Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoI__________________________(be)goodatdrawing.\n5.Everyyear,__________(thousand)ofbooksaregivenawaytothepoorchildreninthecountryside.II.单项选择。1.Anumberofboys__________singingsongs.Thenumberofboys_________gettinglargerandlarger.A.are;isB.is;areC.is;isD.are;are2.Andy,withhisparents,______________toHongKong,andtheywillstaythereforaweek.A.havegoneB.hasgone C.havebeen D.hasbeen3.—Howmuch______________thepairofshoes?—Twentydollars______________enough.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are4.LiMingwillbe_______.Hisparentsaregoingtohaveapartyfor_______birthday.A.sixteen;sixteenthB.sixteenth;sixteenthC.sixteen;sixteenD.sixteenth;sixteen5.Pleasepassme________bookontheright.A.fourB.fourthC.thefourD.thefourth1.(2020·辽宁丹东中考)Freshwater________moreimportantthananythingelse.A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.(2020·贵州安顺)Asweallknow,usingpublicchopsticks______necessarywhenweeatwithothers.A.isB.areC.was3.(2020·甘肃天水)NotonlyJimbutalsohissister______afewcitiesinthesouthsincetheycametoChina.A.havevisitedB.hasvisitedC.visitedD.visits4.(2020·四川广元中考)Tom,togetherwithhisfriends,oftentotheoldpeople’shometocheertheoldup.A.goB.goingC.goes5.(2020·黑龙江牡丹江市)—ThetalentshowYouthWithYou(青春有你)isbecominghotterandhotteronline.—Exactly.Halfofourclassinterestedinitrecently.A.isB.areC.was\n6.(2020·黑龙江大庆)Ontheleftoftheplayground________thelibrary.There________manybooksandcomputersinit.A.are;isB.is;areC.are;areD.is;is7.(2020·广西百色)Theenvironmentherebecomesbetterandbetter.__________birdsarecomingback.A.HundredB.HundredsC.ThousandD.Thousandsof8.(2020·江苏镇江中考)PengMinfinallybecamethewinnerof________seasonofCCTV'sChinesePoetryConference.A.fiveB.fifthC.thefifthD.fifths9.(2020·四川达州中考)—It’ssaidthatthetwo_______doctorshavejustcomebackfromWuhan.—Yeah.Iknowthem.Theyarebothalreadyintheir_______.A.woman;sixtyB.women;sixtiethC.women;sixtiesD.woman;sixties10.(2020·贵州黔东南)—Dear,howisyourhomeworkgoing?—Oh,mom,I'vejustfinished________ofit.A.secondthreeB.twothirdC.secondthreesD.twothirdsI.单项选择。1.【2020•安徽省芜湖市九年级毕业暨升学模拟考试(三)】Thenumberofstudentsinourschool_______620andanumberofthem_______fromthesamevillage.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is2.【2020•上海市长宁区、金山区一模】NotonlyTombutalsoGailfondofwatchingfootballgameseverysummer.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.【2020•广东珠海市北大附属实验中学九年级上学期10月调研】—NotonlyTom’sparentsbutalsoTom______travelingisagoodwaytoexperiencedifferentcultures.—SodoI.A.thinksB.thinkC.doesn’tthinkD.don’tthink4.【2019•山东青岛市集团校联考初中学生学业水平模拟考试】Thenumberofthestudentsinmyclass_____fifty.Alargenumberofthem_____fromthecountryside.\nA.is,areB.is,isC.are,isD.are,are5.【2019•山东省蒙阴县九年级下学期期中测试一轮考试英语试题】There_____abasketballgamebetweenthesetwogradesinthegymthisafternoon.A.willB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.willhave6.【2020•天津河西区模拟】—Howoldisyourdaughter?—________.Wehadawonderfulpartyforher________birthdayyesterday.A.Nine;nineB.Nine;ninthC.Ninth;ninthD.Ninth;nine7.【2020•甘肃省张掖市第二学期第一次模拟考试】It’ssaidthat______ofthewateraroundtheworld______polluted.A.twothird;hasB.twothirds;haveC.twothird;areD.twothirds;is8.【2019•山东省滨州市无棣城区联考九年级初中学生学业水平模拟考试英语试题】visitorscametotakephotosofHongyadongduringthevacation.A.ThousandB.ThousandofC.ThousandsD.Thousandsof9.【2019•天津西青区模拟题】Heclimbedsofastthathereachedthe_______floorin_______minutes.A.nine;twoB.nine;secondC.ninth;secondD.ninth;two10.【2020•湖北省襄阳市襄阳阳光学校一模】—NowadaysChinahasabout25,000kilometersofhigh-speedrailways.—That'softheworld'stotal.A.twothirdB.two-thirdC.twothirdsD.twothreeII.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Neitherthechildrennortheteacher__________(know)anythingaboutit.2.Here_________(be)aletterandsomebooksforyou.3.There______(be)abananaandsomeapplesinmybag.4.Twokilometers______(be)alongwaytogoonfoot.5.Weareproudofourcountry.Theyear2019isher__________(seventy)birthday.