备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点30 阅读理解之议论文 （教师版） 39页

考点30阅读理解之议论文议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。二、解题方法：一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断)。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图\n做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。ACanMoneyBuyHappiness?Canmoneybuyhappiness?Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionstowardmoney.Somepeoplethinkmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.Intheiropinion,everythingintheworldcanbeboughtwithmoney.However,othersthinkthatmoneyistherootofallevils.Forexample,somepeoplefightagainsteachotherformoney,somekillothersformoney.Alltheseevilsareunderthecontrolofmoney.Inmyopinion,moneycanbringuspainaswellashappiness.Onlywhenyourmoneyismadethroughyourhonestefforts,canyouliveagoodlife.Ifweusemoneytohelpthepoorandhomeless,wewillenjoythetruehappiness. JaspreetSethi,NewDelhi,IndiaCanmoneybuyhappiness?Itcertainlydoesn’tmakeonesad.Ifitcomesmyway,I’llbehappy.IfIhadmoney,I’dbuyabiggercar,abiggerhouse,abettereducationformychild,andabetterholidayformyfamily.\nAdamHassan,Abuja,NigeriaIthinkmoneycanbuyhappiness.Ifyouhavetopayschoolfees,youneedmoney.Ifyouneedahomeforyourself,youneedmoney.Ifyouwanttobuyyourselfsomethingtoeat,youneedmoney.Soifyoudon’thavemoneytogetthesethings,therewon’tbehappiness.IfIhadmoney,I’dgetmyselfahome,averygoodcar,andawife.ArsenyYatsechko,Moscow,RussiaMoneycanbuyanything.Ifyouhaveenoughmoney,youcanmakeyourselfhappy.Familycanchange,peoplecanchange,butmoneywon’tchange.IfIhadmoney,I’dprobablyspenditonatrip.I’dgotoParisorBerlin.I’mnotsoworriedabouttheeconomy.RichardWicks,London,UnitedKingdomI’veseenpeoplewithuntoldwealth.Theyneverseemedhappytome.Butwhatishappiness?Youknow,attheendoftheday,aslongasyou’vegotyourhealthandcangetup,brushyourteeth,getdressedinthemorning,andtalktooneanother,you’retherichestpersonintheworld.MiguelJosueMolano,Bogotá,ColombiaYoucanhavelotsofmoney,butifyoudon’thavehappinessinyourheart,youwon’tbeabletoshareit.IfIsuddenlyfoundmyselfwithlotsofmoney,Iwouldtrytohelppeople,becausethat’sthewaytobecomehappy.I’dhelppeopletrytoachieveadifferenttypeofhappiness.1.Accordingtothepassage,howmanypeoplethinkmoneycanbuyhappinessandhowmanydon’tthinksoA.Two;threeB.Three;twoC.Four,oneD.One;four2.FromRichardWicks,wecanknow____________________.A.goodhealthisthewealthB.moneyisthehappinessC.moneycanbuyeverythingD.who’stherichestintheworld3.IfMiguelJosueMolanohadmuchmoney,hewould______________________.A.getaverygoodcarandahomeB.gotodifferentcountriesforavisitC.helppeopleachievetheirhappinessD.buyamuchbiggerhouse4.WhatdoesAdamHassanthinkofthemoney?A.Withoutmoneywecan’thavehappiness.B.Onlymoneycanbringushappiness.C.Everythingneedsmoney.D.Moneycanmakeyouhealthy.\n1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmoney?A.Moneyistherootofallevils.B.Moneyisthesourceofhappiness.C.Moneymustbemadebyyourhonestefforts.D.Moneycanbringpainandhappiness.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文中首先阐述了作者的金钱和幸福观，然后列举了五个不同国家的人的对金钱和幸福的观点。1.综合判断题。根据五个人所阐述的不同观点，可总结归纳得知答案。2.主旨大意题。根据aslongasyou’vegotyourhealth,you’retherichestpersonintheworld.可知健康才是财富。3.细节理解题。根据IfIsuddenlyfoundmyselfwithlotsofmoney,I’dhelppeopletrytoachieveadifferenttypeofhappiness可知答案。4.主旨大意题。根据Soifyoudon’thavemoneytogetthesethings,therewon’tbehappiness可知没有钱就没有幸福。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段中Inmyopinion,moneycanbringuspainaswellashappiness可知作者的观点是金钱可带来痛苦也能带来幸福。BIsthereawaytoquicklyrecallinformationjustbeforetakinganexam?Walkingbackwardmightbeagoodsolution.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofRoehamptonintheUKsaidthisactivitycanhelppeopleimprovetheirshort-termmemory.Researchersasked114volunteerstowatchavideo.Afterwatchingthevideo,volunteersweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupwastoldtowalk10metersforward.Thesecondgroupwalked10metersbackward.Thethirdgroupstoodinoneplace.Allthreegroupswerethenasked20questionsaboutwhattheysawinthevideo.Thescientistsfoundthatthebackwardwalkinggroupgottwomoreanswerscorrectonaveragethantheothertwogroups.Thissuggeststhattherelationshipbetweentheconceptsoftimeandspaceisimportantconsideringhowourmindsformmemories.“Timeisreallyexpressedviaspace,”AleksandarAksentijevic,wholedthestudy,toldtheDailyMail.Whenyouwalkbackward,youseethingsfromadifferentwaycomparedtowalkingforward.Thisdifferencehelpspeoplerecallthingsthathappenedinthepast.Andwalkingbackwardisnotjustgoodforourbrains.Itisalsogoodfortherestofourbody,Comparedtowalkingforward,walkingbackwardismorechallenging.Thiscanameliorateourenergyinashorttimeandburns\nmorecalories.Besides,walkingbackwardputslessstressonourknees.Itcouldbehelpfulforpeoplewhooftenhavepainintheirknees,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofOregonintheUS.Walkingbackwardalsokeepsourspinesstrong,whichcanhelptoreducepainintheback.Thismightbewhymanyoldpeoplelikewalkingbackward.(WordBank:solution解决方法concept概念reduce减少)根据材料内容选择最佳答案16.Whatwasthefirstgroupaskedtodobytheresearchers?A.Tostayinoneplace.B.Towalkupanddown.C.Towalk10metersforward.D.Towalk10metersbackward.17.Thetestshowsthatwalkingbackward________.A.isonlygoodforourbrainsB.putslessstressonourkneesC.usesmoreenergyinashorttimeD.improvesourshort-termmemory18.Theunderlinedword"ameliorate"hastheclosestmeaningto"________".A.HarmB.improveC.controlD.spread19.Whydooldpeoplelikewalkingbackward?A.BecauseithelpsburnmorecaloriesB.Becauseithelpsthemrecalltheirpast.C.Becauseithelpsthemrememberthings.D.Becauseithelpsreducepainintheirback.20.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Walkingbackwardisgoodforusinseveralways.B.Walkingbackwardisagoodwaytokeephealthy.C.Walkingbackwardcanhelpusdobetterinexam.D.Walkingbackwardisbecomingmoreandmorepopular16.C第二自然段第二行得出答案选C\n17.D第一自然段第三句话这种活动能提高他们的短期记忆。18.B联系上下文得出这是提高意思。19.D最后一段Walkingbackwardalsokeepsourspinesstrong,whichcanhelptoreducepainintheback得出答案选D20.A这篇文章主要讲述倒走对保持健康有好处。CHaveyoutriedtorunorwalkforexerciseandthengivenup?Ifyouansweredyes,youshouldtryanewkindofexercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquaticexerciseislikeexerciseonland,butyoudoitinaswimmingpool.Moreandmorepeoplearetryingaquaticexercise.Aquaticexercisefeelseasierthanexercisingonland.Why?Youweighabout90%lessinthepool.Itisbetterforyourkneesthanrunningorwalking.Waterisabout1,000timesthickerandheavierthanair.Tomovethroughthewater,yourbodyhastoworkfourtimesashard.Asaresult,youcanburnmorecalories(卡路里).Infact,mostpeoplesaytheyfeelmorerelaxedinthewater.Theystopthinkingaboutthethingsthatmakethemworried.Theyfeelincontroloftheirbodies.Thecool,quietenvironmentmakesthemfeelgood.Butwhatifyouareafraidofthewater?Noproblem!Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Aquaticexerciseissafeandeasytolearn.Itdoesn’trequireanyspecialskills.Youdon’tevenneedtoknowhowtoswim.Aquaticexerciseisforeveryone.13.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Differencebetweenairandwater.B.Weightchangeofone’sbody.C.Theadvantagesofaquaticexercise.D.Thewaystodoaquaticexercise.14.Whatdomostpeoplethinkofaquaticexercise?A.Relaxing.B.Worrying.C.Challenging.D.Boring.15.Accordingtothetext,aquaticexerciseis_________.A.doneingroupsB.fitforeveryoneC.difficulttolearnD.donewithspecialskills16.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwereadthetext?A.Culture.B.Health.C.Nature.D.Travel.【文章大意】跑步或走路来锻炼身体总是很容易半途而废，那么就来尝试一下水中运动吧，它就像陆地上的锻炼一样，只不过是在游泳池里。这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害你的膝盖，还能让人们感觉很放松，因此受到了越来越多人的欢迎。\n13.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的文意可知，这一段介绍了水中运动比陆地运动更容易的原因，它不伤害你的膝盖，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。总而言之，这一段介绍的是水中运动的优点，故C选项符合文意。14.A【解析】细节理解题。大多数人认为水中运动怎么样？A.Relaxing令人放松的。B.是＂令人担心的＂；C.是＂有挑战性的＂；D.是＂无聊的＂。根据短文第三段中Infact,mostpeoplesaytheyfeelmorerelaxedinthewater…Thecool,quietenvironmentmakesthemfeelgood.可知，大多数人都觉得在水里很放松，感觉很好。由此可知应选A。15.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段Aquaticexerciseissafeandeasytolearn.Itdoesn’trequireanyspecialskills.Youdon’tevenneedtoknowhowtoswim.Aquaticexerciseisforeveryone可知，水中运动非常安全、学起来也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它适合每个人。由此可知应选B。16.B【解析】推理判断题。我们在杂志那个板块可以读到以上内容？A.是＂文化＂；C.是＂自然＂；D.是＂旅行＂。根据短文第一段Ifyouansweredyes,youshouldtryanewkindofexercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquaticexerciseislikeexerciseonland,butyoudoitinaswimmingpool.Moreandmorepeoplearetryingaquaticexercise可知，短文介绍的是一种越来越受人们欢迎的新运动—水中运动，这样的内容应该在杂志上的健康版块，故应先B。DManypeoplemightthinkthatiftheyhadmoremoney,thentheywouldbehappierinlife.Forexample,peoplemightlookatwhatothershave,likeexpensiveclothesornicecars,andwishtheycouldhavethesame.Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong.___①____Butisthatreallytrue?Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.__②____Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy.__③___Itcouldbebuyingapresentforafriendorafamilymember.___④___Itcouldhebuyingahomelesspersonfoodtoeat.Itcouldhegivingmoneytoapersoninneed.Justthinkaboutthelasttimeyouusedyourownmoneytodosomethingforsomeoneelse.Howdidyoufeel?Whetheritisasmallorlargeamountofmoney.Peoplefeelhappierwhentheygive.Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.ThisideaofconnectingyourhappinesstothehappinessofothersisdescribedasaubuntuinanAfricanlanguage.ThereisevenastoryaboutamanvisitingAfricawhoaskedsomekidstoracetoanearbytree.‘Thefirstchildtotouchthetreewouldgetasweettreat.Surprising,allthechildrenheldhandsandrantogether.Theyalltouchedthetreeatthesametime.Themanaskedwhytheyhaddonethis.‘Thechildrensimplysaidtheycouldonlyenjoyeatingthetreatifeveryonehadone.\n33.Thewritersaysthatbuyingthings_________.A.canmakepeopleworriedB.canmakepeoplenervousC.mayleadtosadnessforlongD.mayleadtohappinessforashorttime34.Wherecanwebestput"Butit’snothavingmoneythatbringshappiness."inParagraph2?A.①B.②C.③D.④35.Whydoesthewriterquote(引用)astoryinParagraph3?A.ToexplainAfricanslikesweets.B.Toshowexamplesarenotenough-C.Tomakethewriter’sopinionclearer.D.Toexpresshappinessisfromchildren.36.Whatdoesthewritertrytotellus?A.Buyingnewthingscanmakepeoplehappy.B.Thekeytohappinessismakingothershappy.C.Ifyouwanttobehappy,youcanvisitAfrica.D.Peoplewhohavealotofmoneymightnotbehappy.【文章大意】很多人都觉得如果他们有更多的钱，他们就会更快乐。是的，钱的确能使我们更快乐，但不是有钱能让我们快乐，而是给予别人钱能让我们快乐。人们在奉献的时候会更快乐，这是因为让别人快乐，同时也会使自己快乐。33.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong可知，用钱买东西不能长时间给我们带来快乐。由此可知应选D。34.B【解析】推理判断题。题干中这句话Butitsnothavingmoneythatbringshappiness.意为：但是不是拥有钱带来快乐。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.提到：事实上，钱使人们更开心；后面又提到Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy是给别人钱使人们开心。故这句话应放在②处，能使上下文意衔接，故选B。35.C【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文是议论文，讲述了真正让人们快乐的不是有钱，而是用钱来使别人快乐。第二段的最后提到Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.＂让别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。为了使读者更好地理解这一点，作者讲了下面的故事。因此C选项＂使作者的观点更清楚＂是正确的。36.B【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，作者先讲述了用钱买东西并不能长久地使人们快乐，然后引出作者的观点Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.＂使别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。故B选项＂快乐的关键是使别人快乐＂，符合文章大意和主旨，故应选B。E\nSomepeoplethinkonlyschoolchildrendonotagreewiththeirparents,however,itisnottrue.Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.Ifit’shardforyoutocommunicatewithyourparents,don’tworryaboutit.Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap（消除代沟）.Don’targue（争辩）withyourparents.Don’tgettoyourparentswhenyouareangry.Yourparentsprobablywon’consideryourideasifyouareshoutingatthem.Andyoucan’texpress（表达）yourselfwellifyouareangry.Gosomewheretocooloff.Makesureyouunderstandwhyyouareunhappy.Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucanspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletter.Trytoreachacompromise（和解）.Perhapsyouandyourparentsdisagreeonsomething.Youcankeepyourdisagreementandtryyourbesttoaccepteachother.Michael’smotherdidn’tagreewithhimaboutbuyingamotorcycle.Theyarguedoverit.Buttheyfinallycametoacompromise.Michaelboughtthemotorcycle,butonlydroveitoncertaindays.Ofcourse,yourparentsmightrefusetocompromiseonsomething.Inthesesituations,itisespeciallyimportanttoshowloveandrespect（尊敬）tothem.Showingrespectwillkeepyourrelationshipstrong.Talkaboutyourvalues.Thevaluesofyourparentsareprobablydifferentfromthoseofyourown.Tellyourparentswhatyoucareabout,andwhyunderstandingyourvaluesmighthelpthemseeyourpurposesinlife.Agoodrelationshipwithyourparentscanmakeyouabetterandhappierperson.Haveatry!5.Thepassagetellsus________haveacommunicationproblem.A.parentsandotherpeopleB.teachersandtheirstudentsC.parentsandchildrenofallagesD.schoolkidsandtheirparent6.Yourparentsprobablywon’tconsideryourideasifyou________.A.writealettertothemB.don’tgettothemoftenC.expressyourselfwellD.don’tspeaktothempolitely7.Theunderlinedphrase＂cooloff＂inthepassagemeans＂________＂.A.tohaveagoodrestB.tohideyourselfquicklyC.tomakeyourselfhappyD.togetyouquietandrelaxed8.Ifthere’sreallyagenerationgapbetweenyouandyourparents,you’dbetter________.A.haveatalkwiththemoftenB.keepawayfromthemC.agreewiththemallthetimeD.knowabouttheirvalues9.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.A.parentsandchildrenshouldnothaveagenerationgap\nB.therearesomegoodwaystobridgethegenerationgapC.parentsshouldshowloveandrespecttotheirchildrenD.therearesomanyseriousproblemsinfamiliestoday【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述家长和孩子之间有代沟，主要原因是缺少沟通，当我们彼此了解对方的观点和想法之后，就很容易理解对方，从而消除代沟。5.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages可知，沟通是所有年龄段的父母和孩子都要面临的问题，故选C。6.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Yourparentsprobablywon’consideryourideasifyouareshoutingatthem可知，如果你朝他们喊，他们就不会考虑你的主意，所以表示如果你没有礼貌地和他们说话，故选D。7.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据Andyoucan’texpress（表达）yourselfwellifyouareangry.Gosomewheretocooloff可知，如果你生气，你就不能很好地表达你自己，所以要到某个地方冷静并放松一下，故选D。8.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucanspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletter、Trytoreachacompromise以及Talkaboutyourvalues可知，要经常和父母交流，故选A。9.B【解析】推理判断题。根据Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap以及下文可知，我们可以知道一些很好的方法来消除代沟，故选B。F①April2ndisWorldAutismDay.Whatisautism?Autismiscausedbypervasivedevelopmentaldisorder*.Herearemainbehaviorcharacteristics*ofautism.②•Socialcommunicationdisorder,liveonlyintheirownworld.③•Languagecommunicationdisorder,difficulttocommunicatewithpeoplearound.④•Repeatstrangemovementsoften,unabletoacceptthechangesoffamiliarenvironment.⑤Fromthreecharacteristicsabove,peoplewithautismhavelotsoftroublecommunicating.Theylooklikenormalpeople,buttheyexperiencetheworldinaveryuniqueway.Thatistosay,thewayhowtheydealwiththingsandunderstandtheworldisnotthesameasnormalpeople.⑥Nowadays,thenumberofautismis67millionallovertheworld.Onein160childrenisautistic.AschoolinEnglandforchildrenwithautismisfindinganewuseforvirtualreality*andVRheadsets.PriorsCourtisakindofschoolinBerkshire,southernEngland.Theteachersatschoolareusinghightechnologytohelpandlearnmoreaboutchildrenwithautism.Aschildrenwithautismhaveproblemswithplacesandsituationstheyhaven’texperienced\nbeforewell,theylikewhatisfamiliarandtheyliketheirroutine*.VRheadsetsmakethewearersfeelliketheyareindifferentplaces.Forexample,someonewearingaVRheadsetcanhavea360-degreeviewofaplaceastheyturnaround.Withthevideo,theycanevenhearthesoundsoftheplace.TeachersareusingVRtointroducechildrentosituationslikevisitingashoppingmallorgettingonaplane.Theycandosointhesafetyoftheirclassroom.Inadditiontogettingusedtoeverydaydifferentplacesintherealworld,thechildrenmaylearntoenjoynewexperiencessuchasskiingordeep-seadiving.©Acomputerteacher,NunoGuerreirofromtheschoolsaid,"We'retryinganewdata*collectionsystemwithVRheadsetsatthesametime.Thesystemputstogetherinformationabouteachchildeveryday:whattheyhaveeaten,howmuchsleepandexercisetheyhavehadandalltheiractivities.Thenitcomparesthosefactstoknowhowtheyarebehavingformedicaltreatment."Guerreiroaddedtheschoolhopedtosharewhatitlearned."Hopetonotonlyimprovepeopletoknowmoreaboutthetreatmentandresearchoftheautism,butalsodrawpeople'sattentiontocareaboutautism."33.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.34.Theunderlinedword"unique"inParagraph5means_________________.A.greatB.wrongC.usefulD.different35.AccordingtoParagraph6,theuseofVRheadsetsisthat_________________.A.teacherscantakeclassesforchildreninotherplacesinsteadofclassroomsB.childrencanhavetheabilityofskiinganddeep-seadivingintherealworldC.VRexperiencescanhelpchildrenfeelbetteraboutchangesfromtheirroutineD.theycanmakeitpossibletotakechildrentolearnmoreabouthightechnology36.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferwhomaybethepersonwithautism?A.Jeffhastroublefallingasleepatnightandalwaysfeelssickintheday.\nB.Mariefeelsunconfidentandalwaysafraidtospeakinfrontoftheclass.C.Nickyalwaysstaysinherprivateworldandevencan'tunderstandothers.D.Stevecan'tconcentrateonhisstudyandoftenfightswithothersafterclass.【答案】33.A34.D35.C36.C【解析】本文主要讲述了自闭症的相关信息。患有自闭症的人会有社交、语言交际障碍和表现出不同于的正常人行为。一所在英格兰为自闭症孩子建立的学校正在利用VR虚拟现实耳机技术来帮助自闭症孩子克服这种障碍。同时通过运用VR虚拟现实耳机技术收集数据并进行分析以便让人们更好地了解和研究自闭症。【33题详解】篇章结构题。分析文章结构可知第一段开门见山引出“自闭症”这一文章主题，接着二三四段分别介绍了自闭症的一些表现，第五段是对自闭症的总结，第六段和七段为并列的两段，所以A项符合文章结构，故选A。【34题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段“Theylooklikenormalpeople,buttheyexperiencetheworldinaveryuniqueway他们看起来像正常人，但是他们以一种非常独特的方式体验世界”可知unique在文中的意思为独特的，different意为“不同的，独特的”符合题意，故选D。【35题详解】推理判断题。第六段主要讲述了运用VR虚拟现实耳机技术来帮助自闭症孩子体验以前他们没有体验过的地方和环境，从而帮助他们习惯现实世界的生活，虚拟现实体验能够帮助孩子们更好地感受到他们日常生活中的变化，故选C。【36题详解】推理判断题。患有自闭症的人会有社交、语言障碍，他们生活在自己的世界，不能够跟其他人正常交流，不能够接受熟悉环境的变化，可知C项符合题意，故选C。A【2020•黔南州】Doyoupaywithpapermoney,credit(信用的)card,oryourphonewhenyougosopping?PeopleinChinamaypaywithWeChat(微信)onthephones.Weseldomusepapermoney.WhileWeChatPayisnowapartoflifeinourcountry,thiswayofpayingalsoappearsinothercountries.Alotofforeigncompaniesandtradershavetoacceptit.AccordingtoXinhuaNews,about13foreigncountrieshaveWeChatPayservicesforChinesetravelers.\nIsitgoodorbadtouseWeChatPay?Willpeoplenolongerusepapermoneyinthefuture?SomediscussionsappearontheInternet."Idon'tthinkso.NearlyhalfofChinesepeopleliveinthecountryside.Peopletherecan'tenjoyitwithoutgoodInternetservice.Andmostoldpeopleliketousepapermoney."saidWinnie."WeChatPayisconvenientandsafe.Weneedn'ttellifthemoneyisrealorfake.Butpapermoneyisjusttheopposite.WeshouldencouragepeopletouseWeChatPaymore."saidawiseman."Foralongtime,peoplewillusedifferentpaymentways,"saidSunshine."Tradersshouldallowpeopletochoosethewaystheyliketopay."Willpapermoneydisappearinthefuture?What'syourideasaboutit?41.WhenwepaywithWeChat,weneedtouseour__________.A.phonesB.papermoneyC.creditcardsD.wallet42.Awisemanthought__________.A.itwasnotsafeifpeopledon'tusepapermoneyB.WeChatPaywasconvenientandsafeC.peoplewouldgoonusingpapermoneyinthefutureD.oldpeopleliketousepapermoneymore43.Theunderlinedword"fake"inParagraph5maymean__________.A.脏的B.麻烦的C.假的D.残缺的44.Fromthepassage,wecanknow__________.A.onlyChinesepeopleuseWeChatPayB.ChinesetravelerscanuseWeChatPayinabout13foreigncountriesC.peopleuseWeChatPaymorethanpapermoneyintheworldD.papermoneywillsurelydisappearinthefuture45.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.WhyPeopleUseWeChatPay?B.WeChatPaymentinChina.C.WillPaperMoneyDisappear?D.PaymentWaysintheFuture.本文主要介绍了微信支付越来越受人们的欢迎，然而纸币是否会消失呢?不同的人有不同的看法。41.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“PeopleinChinamaypaywithWeChat(微信)onthephones.”，可知中国人可以用手机微信支付，故选A。42.B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段awiseman说话的内容中“WeChatPayisconvenientandsafe.”，可知智者认为微信支付方便安全，故选B。43.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子“Weneedn'ttellifthemoneyisrealorfake.”中的real“真实的”\n，意为我们不需要去分辨钱是真的还是假的。可知fake表示“假的”之意，故选C。44.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“WhileWeChatPayisnowapartoflifeinourcountry,thiswayofpayingalsoappearsinothercountries虽然微信支付已经成为我国生活的一部分，但这种支付方式在其他国家也出现过。”，可知选项A是错误的；根据第二段“AccordingtoXinhuaNews,about13foreigncountrieshaveWeChatPayservicesforChinesetravelers.据新华社报道，大约有13个国家为中国游客提供微信支付服务。”，可知选项B是正确的；根据Winnie说话的内容，可知选项C表述错误；文章未提到纸币一定会消失，所以选项D表述错误。故选B。45.D【解析】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过微信支付引出纸币是否会消失，讨论了两种支付方式，以及未来的纸币是否会完全消失，可知，PaymentWaysintheFuture.是最佳标题，故选D。B【2020•河北省】Inclass,studentsaresharingtheirdreamjobs.Jacob:I'dliketobeamountain-climbingguideforseveralreasons.NumberOne,mountainclimbingisveryexciting.Mountain-climbingguidesgettoclimbtall,dangerousmountains,right?NumberTwo,Ienjoyworkingoutdoorsandhelpingothers.NumberThree,mountain-climbingguidestravelwidelyandmeetmanyfunpeople.Fred:Mychoiceistobeavet（兽医）.Why?Ilikeanimals.Animalsbringalotofjoytoourlives,buttheyaskforlittleinreturn.Ialsoenjoyhelpinganimalsandtheirownersfeelbetter.Petownersarehappywhentheirpetsarewell.Finally,vetsgettoworkwithotherpeoplewholikeanimals.Anne:Ha,mydreamjob?Anaccountant（会计）!Ithinkit'sinteresting.I'mgoodatnumbers,youknow,andIalsolikehelpingpeoplemanagetheirmoney.Goodaccountantsarewellpaid,andIwanttomanagemyownmoney,ofcourse.Butthemostimportantofall,accountantsmostlyworkalone,andIliketoworkalone.Jessica:I'dliketobecomeananimator（动画片制作者）andmakefilmslikeToyStory,Shrek,andCars.Yousee,IlovedrawingandIloveworkingoncomputers.I'dliketohelppeoplerelaxandenjoytheirlife.Animatorscanmakealotofmoney,too.21.Jacob'sdreamjobistobe.A.avetB.ananimatorC.anaccountantD.amountain-climbingguide22.WhatisAnne'smainreasonforherdreamjob？A.Thejobisinteresting.B.Thejobiswellpaid.C.Sheisgoodatnumbers.D.Shelikestoworkbyherself.23.Whatdothefourstudentshaveincommon?\nA.Theyenjoyworkingoutside.B.Theyenjoyofferinghelptoothers.C.Theyhopetomeetfunpeople.D.Theyhopetomakealotofmoney.文章大意：文中四个学生分享了各自梦想中的工作，并且分别给出了各自的原因。21.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中"I'dliketobeamountain-climbingguideforseveralreasons."可知Jacob梦想中的职业是成为一名登山向导。故选D。22.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中"Butthemostimportantofall,accountantsmostlyworkalone,andIliketoworkalone."可知最重要是会计可以独自工作，并且Anne很喜欢独自工作。故选D。23.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中"NumberTwo,Ienjoyworkingoutdoorsandhelpingothers."、第三段中"Ialsoenjoyhelpinganimalsandtheirownersfeelbetter."、第四段中"andIalsolikehelpingpeoplemanagetheirmoney."及最后一段中"I'dliketohelppeoplerelaxandenjoytheirlife."可知这四个学生的共同点是喜欢帮助其他人。故选B。C【2020•东营市】Atornado（龙卷风）isakindofstrongstormwithairwhichmovesinacirclequickly.Theycanmoveover200milesperhourandcausealotofdamage（损坏）.Astheymoveacrosstheland,theycaneasilypickupcars,trucks,andevenhouses,andthenthrowthemveryfar.Itisimportanttofindasafeplaceifatornadogetsclose.Asafeplacecouldbeabasement（地下室）orthelowestfloor.Ifyouareinahomewithoutabasement,trytofindafirst-floorbathroomorasmallroomwithoutwindowsinthemiddleofyourhouse.Youshouldcurlup（蜷缩）intoaballandcoveryourheadandneckwithyourhands.Buttherearesomepeoplewhoactuallywanttogetclosetotornadoes.Theyarescientistswhowanttolearnmoreabouttornadoes.Oneofthebestwaystodothisistogetascloseaspossibletothetornado.Theyusespecialtoolstomeasure（测量）whatishappeninginandaroundatornado.Onespecialtooliscalledatornadoprobe（探测仪）.Insidethetornadoprobe,therearesensors（传感器）tomeasurewindspeed,temperature,pressure,anddirection.Someprobesevenhavecameras,sothescientistscanseeandunderstandwhatit’sliketobeinatornado.Tobeabletogetthesemeasurements,thescientistshavetogetatornadoprobenearorintoatornado.Scientistswilltrytoguesswhereatornadowillgonext.Thentheydrivetothatlocationandputdowntheprobe.Iftheydonotguesscorrectly,theypickuptheirprobeandtryanotherplace.Iftheyareright,thetornadowillgonearorevenrightovertheprobe.Thentheytakeallofthemeasurementsfromtheprobeandusethemtopredictwherefuturetornadoesmayform（形成）andtravel.Andtheycangivepeoplesomewarningtokeepawayfromadangeroustornado.\n36.Ifatornadogetsclose,whatshouldpeopledotokeepsafe?A.Gotoabasement.B.Findasmallroom.C.Stayinabathroom.D.Curlthelegsup.37.WhatcanthesensorinaprobeNOTdo?A.Measurewindspeedandtemperature.B.Takephotosandvideos.C.Measurewindtemperatureandpressure.D.Measurewindspeedanddirection.38.WhichstatementaboutthescientistsisTRUE?A.Theyrisktheirlivesstudyingtornadoes.B.Theycaneasilyputtheprobeintherightplace.C.Theygetclosetoatornadotoadmireit.D.Withthehelpofthemeasurements,theycanpreventthetornadoforming.39.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.whatatornadoisB.howdangerousatornadoisC.whereatornadomayformandtravelD.howscientistsdoresearchworkontornadoes40.Youmayfindthispassagein________.A.anovelB.astorybookC.aguidebookD.asciencemagazine本文主要介绍了科学家如何探测及研究龙卷风。36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Itisimportanttofindasafeplaceifatornadogetsclose.Asafeplacecouldbeabasement（地下室）orthelowestfloor，可知，当龙卷风靠近时，要找一个最低层或地下室这样的安全地方。故选A。37.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Insidethetornadoprobe,therearesensors（传感器）tomeasurewindspeed,temperature,pressure,anddirection，可知，传感器可以测量风速，温度，压力及方向。结合所给选项，只有B不符合。故选B。38.A【解析】推理判断题。根据Tobeabletogetthesemeasurements,thescientistshavetogetatornadoprobenearorintoatornado，可知，为了得到这些测量数据，科学家必须冒着生命危险把探测器靠近龙卷风或进入龙卷风里，所以A选项正确。根据Scientistswilltrytoguesswhereatornadowillgonext.Thentheydrivetothatlocationandputdowntheprobe.Iftheydonotguesscorrectly,theypickuptheirprobeandtryanotherplace\n，可知，科学家要尝试猜测龙卷风下一步会去哪里，然后把探测器放在这个位置，如果猜错了，还要去尝试另外一个地方，说明把探测器放在合适的位置并不是那么容易，所以B选项错误。根据Theyarescientistswhowanttolearnmoreabouttornadoes，可知，科学家靠近龙卷风是为了更多地了解它，所以C选项错误。根据Thentheytakeallofthemeasurementsfromtheprobeandusethemtopredictwherefuturetornadoesmayform（形成）andtravel.Andtheycangivepeoplesomewarningtokeepawayfromadangeroustornado，可知，在测量数据的帮助下，科学家可以预测未来龙卷风在哪里形成，这样可以给到人们一些警示来远离危险的龙卷风，所以D选项错误。故选A。39.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据本文第二段到最后一段，可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风。故选D。40.D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风，这篇文章最有可能在科学杂志上看到。故选D。D【2020•广西北部湾经济区】ChinagetsgreenerPresidentXiJinpingsaid"clearwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets(绿水青山就是金山银山)".WiththeeffortsofChina'sgovernmentanditspeople,therateofforestcoverage(森林覆盖率)inChinahasreached22.96%,comparedto5.05%fortyyearsago,accordingtoarecentreportfromtheStateForestryandGrasslandAdministration(SFGA).Overthepastfortyyears,Chinaplantedbillionsoftreesaspartofitsfightagainstexpanding(延伸的)deserts,mostlyinitsnorth.Eachyear,peoplesowseedlings(播种)overanareanearlythesizeofIreland,accordingtoNature.In1978,Chinabegananationwidetree-plantingprogrammeknownastheThreeNorthShelterbeltForestProgramme,alsoknownas"theGreatGreenWall".Ithashelpedtoplantmorethan66billiontreesacross13provincesinthecountry'snorthtoactaswindbreaks(防风林),accordingtoChinaDaily.Since2018,SFGAhasmademoreeffortstobuildagreenercountry.Itspurposeistogrowatleast6.7millionhectares(公顷)offoresteveryyearinthenext15years.Besidesplantingmoretrees,Chinahastriedtobringbackgrasslands.Ithasalsousedstrictforestprotectionmethodsandbanned(禁止)allcommerciallogging(商业伐木)sincelastAugust.Thehigh-speedgrowthofforestscannothappenwithoutpublicparticipation(参与).Forexample,AntForest,anAlipaymobilepaymentapp,plantsrealteesforuserswhoget"greenenergy"bytakingpartinlow-carbon(低碳)activities.Since2016,ithashelpedtoplantabout122milliontreesinChina'sdriestareas.Chinawaspraisedas"oneofthemostsuccessfulcountriesworldwideingreeningthedesert"byUnited\nNationsEnvironmentProgrammeExecutiveDirectorErikSolheim.36.Whatwastherateofforestcoveragefortyyearsago?A.5.05%.B.17.91%.C.22.96%.D.28.01%.37.Overthepastfortyyears,Chinahasplantedbillionsoftreesto________.A.turndesertsintogreenlandB.createagreenareainthedesertC.stopdesertsfromexpandingD.buildanareanearlythesizeofIreland38.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.WindbreakshavecoveredacrossallprovincesofChina.B.In1978,Chinasucceededinbuilding"theGreatGreenWall.C.Chinahasgrown6.7millionhectaresofforestsince2018.D.Since1978,over66billiontreeshavebeenplantedtoactaswindbreaks.39.WhatdidChinadotobuildagreenercountry?A.Triedtobringbackgrasslands.B.Madestrictforestprotectionmethods.C.Bannedcommerciallogging.D.Alloftheabove.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.AntForestplantsrealtreesforallChinesepeople.B.Everybodycanhelpbuildagreenercountry.C.China'sforestcoverageisthehighestintheworld.D.ChinawaspraisedfornodesertsinnorthernChina.习近平总书记曾经说过“绿水青山就是金山银山”，中国在注重经济发展的同时，对于环境的保护也没有松懈过。这篇短文详细介绍了中国对保护环境、植树造林所做的努力。36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段“WiththeeffortsofChina'sgovernmentanditspeople,therateofforestcoverage(森林覆盖率)inChinahasreached22.96%,comparedto5.05%fortyyearsago”可知，四十年前，中国的森林覆盖率是5.05%。故选A。37.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Overthepastfortyyears,Chinaplantedbillionsoftreesaspartofitsfightagainstexpanding(延伸的)deserts,mostlyinitsnorth.”可知，中国种植了数以十亿计的树木，是为了抵抗不断扩大的沙漠。故选C。38.D【解析】推理判断题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，从1978年起，中国开始在全国范围内植树造林。种植了超过660亿棵树，作为防风林。D选项符合文意，故选D。根据第三段“Ithashelpedtoplantmorethan66billiontreesacross13provincesinthecountry'snorthtoactaswindbreaks(防风林),accordingtoChinaDaily.”\n可知A不对；根据“In1978,Chinabegananationwidetree-plantingprogrammeknownastheThreeNorthShelterbeltForestProgramme,alsoknownas"theGreatGreenWall".”可知，中国从1978年开始修建“绿色长城”，并不是已经成功建成，故B不对；根据第四段“Since2018,SFGAhasmademoreeffortstobuildagreenercountry.Itspurposeistogrowatleast6.7millionhectares(公顷)offoresteveryyearinthenext15years.”可知C不对。39.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段“Besidesplantingmoretrees,Chinahastriedtobringbackgrasslands.Ithasalsousedstrictforestprotectionmethodsandbanned(禁止)allcommerciallogging(商业伐木)sincelastAugust.”可知，为了建设更加绿色的国家，中国不仅种植更多的树木，还试图恢复草原、使用严格的森林保护方法、禁止商业伐木。A、B和C三个选项在文章中都提到了。故选D。40.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的开头“Thehigh-speedgrowthofforestscannothappenwithoutpublicparticipation(参与).”可知，中国森林覆盖率的高速增长离不开公众的参与，并举了支付宝的蚂蚁森林的例子。由此可知，为了建设一个绿色的国家，每个人都可以贡献自己的力量。故选B。E【2020•遵义市】Chinahasacceptedwesternfashionandtechnologyasithasdevelopedtheseyears,butalotofyoungpeopleareturningtothepastfortheirclotheschoicesandputtingontraditional"hanfu".Asthegovernmentencouragestherenaissance(复兴)oftraditionalculture,hanfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularwiththeteenagers.Everyyear,wecanenjoydifferenthanfushowsaroundthecities.TheseshowsbringusbacktoHandynasty.Welearnmoreaboutthehistory,cultureandbeautyfromthem.Hanfuhasn'tbeeninthesamestylesinceHandynasty.However,thiskindofclotheshassomethingincommon.Theyallhavelargesoftrobes(袍子),withsleevesthathangdowntotheknees,sothehandscan'tbeseen.InmodernChina,thehanfuloversarefromhistoryfans,cartoonfanstoclothesfans."Clothesarethebasicpartofculture,soboththetraditionalclothesandmodernclothesplaythesameroleinculture,"saidZhangJun,afamousreporter."Ifthepeopleandthecountrydonotevenunderstandourtraditionalclothesordon'twearthem,howcanwetalkaboutotherimportantpartsofourculture?"26.Whatclothesdoesthepassagetalkabout?A.B.C.D.27.Hanfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularbecause________.\nA.ChinahasacceptedwesternfashionB.ChinahasacceptedwesterntechnologyC.ChinahasdevelopedinrecentyearsD.thegovernmentencouragestraditionalculture28.WhoarehanfuloversinChinanowadays?A.Historyfans.B.Cartoonfans.C.Clothesfans.D.Alloftheabove.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sleeves"mean?A.衣领B.衣袖C.纽扣D.拉链30.AccordingtoZhangJun,hethinks________.A.clothesarenotthepartofcultureB.it'snotnecessaryforustowearhanfuC.clotheshelpusunderstandourculturebetterD.hanfuisn'tsoimportantasmodernclothes文章介绍的是随着传统文化的复兴，汉服变得越来越受欢迎了，以及汉服的样子，和所代表的文化意义。26.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Theyallhavelargesoftrobes(袍子),withsleevesthathangdowntotheknees,sothehandscan’tbeseen.它们都有大而柔软的长袍，袖子垂到膝盖，所以手看不见。可知与描述相符的是A选项中的图片，故选A。27.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Asthegovernmentencouragestherenaissance(复兴)oftraditionalculture,hanfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularwiththeteenagers.可知，随着政府鼓励传统文化的复兴，汉服越来越受到青少年的欢迎。故选D。28.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中InmodernChina,thehanfuloversarefromhistoryfans,cartoonfanstoclothesfans.可知，在现代中国，汉服爱好者从历史迷、卡通迷到服装迷。故选D。29.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文中Theyallhavelargesoftrobes(袍子),withsleevesthathangdowntotheknees,sothehandscan’tbeseen.他们都有大而柔软的长袍，……垂到膝盖，所以手看不见。可知，这里的sleeves指的是“袖子”，故选B。30.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Clothesarethebasicpartofculture,soboththetraditionalclothesandmodernclothesplaythesameroleinculture,”saidZhangJun,afamousreporter.“Ifthepeopleandthecountrydonotevenunderstandourtraditionalclothesordon’twearthem,howcanwetalkaboutotherimportantpartsofourculture?”著名记者张军说：“服装是文化的基本组成部分，所以传统服装和现代服装在文化中起着同样的作用。如果人民和国家连我们的传统服装都不懂，或者不穿，我们怎么谈我们文化的其他重要部分呢？”可知，衣服能帮助我们更好地了解我们的文化，故选C。F【2020•山西省】请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。\nThesedays,teenagersareheavilyinfluencedbythemedia.ManyofthemhavewatchedthousandsofhoursofTV.That'smoretimethantheyspendwithteachersatschool.Andwehaven'tyetconsideredthehourstheyspendusingtheInternetandreadingnewspapers.However,severalstudieshaveshownaseriousproblem:today'steenagerslackmedialiteracy(媒体素养).Inotherwords,theyhavedifficultlycriticallythinkingabouttheinformationtheysee.Onestudythatwasdoneonmiddleschoolstudentsshowedthatmorethan80percentofthemcouldn'ttellthedifferencebetweenrealstoriesandadsthatlookedlikenews.StandfordprofessorKevinJohnteachesaclasscalledMediaEffects.Hetriestohelphisstudentslearnmedialiteracy.Theprofessorgaveanexamplethatshowswhymedialiteracyisimportant.Intheexample,twonewsstationsreportasnowstorm.Onefocuseson(关注)theterribleroadconditions.Theotherfocusesonkidsplayinginthesnow."Withanewsstory.newsstationstellyouwhattheyfeelaretheimportantdetails(细节).Thesedetailsmostlydependontheopinionsofthenewsdirector."saidJohn."Apersonwhohasmedialiteracywouldrealizethateachstoryisaboutonesideatthistime.Thereismoregoingon."Someexpertsthinkshoeisthebestplacetoteachmedialiteracy.Otherbelieveeveryone—formparentstoreporters—shouldhelpteenagerslearntheskills.Asforthebesttimetostartlearningmedialiteracy,manyexpertssuggesttheageof12.Butsomebasicideascanbetaughtevenearlier."It'snevertooearlytostartlearningmedialiteracy,"Johnsaid.29.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearnthatteenagerstodayspendmoretime______.A.usingtheInternetthanwatchingTVB.watchingTVthanstudyingatschoolC.studyingatschoolthanreadingnewspapers30.Theunderlinedword"lack"inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.缺乏B.质疑C.误解31.Theexampleshowsthatapersonwhohasmedialiteracy_______aboutanewsstory.A.shouldhavethesameopinionsasothersB.couldthinkaboutisgoodandbadsides\nC.mustknowaboutalltheimportantdetails32.ProfessorKevinJohnwouldagreethat_______.A.everyoneissupposedtohelpchildrenlearndifferentskillsB.childrenshouldbetaughtmedialiteracyasearlyaspossibleC.newsdirectorsshouldreportthenewschildrenareinterestedin33.Themainideaofthepassageis_______.A.howtodevelopteenagers'medialiteracyB.whereteenagersshouldbetaughtmedialiteracyC.whyteenagersaresupposedtohavemedialiteracy这是一篇议论文，文章讲述学生对于看到的信息缺乏批判性的思考，有必要让学生有媒体修养；有媒体修养的人对于新闻故事会思考好的和不好的一面；越早教孩子们媒体修养越好。29.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“ManyofthemhavewatchedthousandsofhoursofTV.That'smoretimethantheyspendwithteachersatschool”可知和在学校的时间相比，现在的青少年花更多的时间看电视。故选B。30.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Inotherwords,theyhavedifficultlycriticallythinkingabouttheinformationtheysee”他们对于他们看到的信息缺乏批判性的思考，此处lack意思是“缺乏”。故选A。31.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Apersonwhohasmedialiteracywouldrealizethateachstoryisaboutonesideatthistime.Thereismoregoingon”可知举例是为了显示有媒体修养的人对于新闻故事会思考好的和不好的一面。故选B。32.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“It'snevertooearlytostartlearningmedialiteracy”可知KevinJohn教授认为越早教孩子们媒体修养越好，故选B。33.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是让学生有媒体修养的必要性。可概括为whyteenagersaresupposedtohavemedialiteracy。故选C。G【2020•绵阳市】Lifeiscompetitive-somekidscandosomethingfasterorbetterthanotherkids.Thismightnotseemfair,butallpeoplearedifferentandhowwellyoucandosomethingisdifferenttoothers.Thismeansthereare“winners"and“losers",andlotsofpeopleareneitherwinnersnorlosersbutin-between.Youcanchoosetobeagoodwinneroranevenbetterloserwhetheryouarecompetingagainstothersoryourself.Beinga“good”winnerNoonelikesa“showoff”.\nNoonelikessomeonewhotakesallthepraisefortheeffortsofateam.Noonelikespeoplewhoputothersdowntomakethemselveslookgood.Tobeagoodwinneryouneedto:◆Bemodest(谦虚).◆Thankthosewhohelpedyoufortheirefforts.◆Keeptryingtoimproveyourskills.◆Aimforthenextstepupinwhateveryouaredoingwell.BeinganevenbetterloserOfcourseit’sdisappointingtolose,especiallyifyouareclosetowinning.Behavingbadlyorangrily,name-callingandgoingonaboutthingsbeing“unfair”won’tchangethefinalresultandwillonlymakeyoulooklikeabadsport.Andnoonelikesbadsportseither.Tobeanevenbetterloseryouneedto:◆Behavepolitely,nicelyandkindly.◆Congratulatetheotherteam.◆Keepanynegative(消极的)thoughtstoyourself-atleastuntilyouareawayfromthegame.It’sOktoletoutyournegativethoughtstoyourbestfriendorparentslater.Andifyoudon’tdoverywellinagame,tryhardertolearnforthenextone.Improvingyourselfmakesyouawinnertoo.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Weareeitherlosersorwinners.B.Weshouldfacewinningandlosingproperly.C.Wecandonothingaboutwinningandlosing.D.Wearealwayscompetingwithothersnotourselves.2.Whatshouldabetterloserdowhenlosing?A.Letouthisangertohisparentsatonce.B.Expresshisnegativefeelingsinthegame.C.Tryhardertoimprovehimselfinthenextgame.D.Behavebadlytohisteammembersorcompetitors.3.Whichoneisnotproperifwesucceed?A.Goingonimprovingourskills.\nB.Tellingourteammemberstoaimhigher.C.Thankingourteammembersfortheirefforts.D.Puttingdownotherstomakeourselveslookgood.4.Whoisprobablyabadsport?A.Tomkeepssayingthegameisunfairwhenheloses.B.Jimencourageshisteammatesaftertheirteamloses.C.Annathankshercoachforwhathehasdonethoughshefails.D.Cindyshowshercongratulationstoothercompetitorsevenifshefails.5.Whatisthepassagewrittenfor?A.Tellinguswhatwecanlearnfromlosing.B.Offeringadviceonwhatwecandotowin.C.Encouragingustobecomeawinnerinsteadofaloser.D.Givingadviceonhowtodealwithwinningandlosing.本文是一篇议论文，文章就如何应对输赢给出了一些建议，自己可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家。1.B【解析】判断推理题。第一段主要介绍了生活中充满了竞争，很多人既不是赢家也不是输家，而是介于两者之间，所以无论是与别人还是与自己竞争，任何人都可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家，从中可以推断出我们应该正确地面对输赢，故选B。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Andifyoudon’tdoverywellinagame,tryhardertolearnforthenextone.”可知如果在一场比赛中表现不佳，那就更加努力地为下一场比赛学习，故选C。3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Tobeagoodwinneryouneedto部分中“Thankthosewhohelpedyoufortheirefforts.”和“Keeptryingtoimproveyourskills.”以及“Aimforthenextstepupinwhateveryouaredoingwell.”可知要成为一个好的赢家，需要感谢那些提供帮助的人、不断提高自己的技能以及着眼于下一个目标等，所以选项A、B和C是恰当做法。根据Beinga“good”winner部分中“Noonelikespeoplewhoputothersdowntomakethemselveslookgood.”可知没有人喜欢为了自己好看而贬低别人的人，所以选项D是不恰当的做法。题目要求选择不恰当的做法，故选D。4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Beinganevenbetterloser部分中“Behavingbadlyorangrily,name-callingandgoingonaboutthingsbeing“unfair”won’tchangethefinalresultandwillonlymakeyoulooklikeabadsport.”可知表现不佳，辱骂或者继续说一些“不公平”的事情不会改变最终的结果，只会让你看起来像个不受欢迎的人，故选A。\n5.D【解析】写作目的题。文章介绍了生活中充满了竞争，很多人既不是赢家也不是输家，而是介于两者之间，所以无论是与别人还是与自己竞争，任何人都可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家；接下来文章重点就如何成为一个好的赢家和一个更好的输家分别提出了一些注意事项和建议，故选D。H【2020•昆明市】YuanLongping,agreatscientist,isthefirstpersontodevelopakindofhybridrice（杂交水稻）whichhelpsfighthungerinChina.FoodwasabigprobleminChinainthepast.ThiswasbecauseChinahad22percentoftheworld'spopulation,butonly7percentofitsfarmland.Inthe1960s,Chinasuffered（遭受）serioushunger.Millionsofpeoplediedbecausetheyhadnofood.Asanagronomy（农学）teacher,Yuanwasverysadtoseethis.“HowcanIhelpthemhaveenoughfood?”hethought.Hedecidedtoworkonakindofhybridrice.Ithasahighoutput（产量）.Atthattime,otherscientistsdidn'tthinkhybridricewasworthstudying.ButYuanandhisteamworkedoniteveryday.Theytookverygoodcareoftheirriceseeds.Atlast,in1973,theygrewanewkindofhybridrice.Thisriceisstrong.Farmerscangrowitinmanydifferentkindsoffarmlandandalsoinbadweather.Itcanalsofightdisease.Itsoutputwasmuchgreaterthancommonkindsofnice.Withthenewkind,about70,000,000peoplecouldhavefoodeveryyear.YuansolvedthefoodprobleminChina.Butheisstillworkingonrice.Beforeheretires（退休）,hehopestogrowriceinthesea!根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。36.WhywasfoodabigprobleminChinainthepast?A.Becausefarmersdidn'tgrownice.B.Becausefarmersdidn'thavericeseeds.C.BecauseChinahadnomoneytobuyplentyoffood.D.BecauseChinahadalargepopulationbutalittlefarmland.37.HowdidYuanLongpinghelppeoplehaveenoughfood?A.Hediscoveredanotherkindoffood.B.Heborrowedenoughfoodfromothercountries.C.Hedevelopedakindofhybridricewithhisteam.D.Hestartedbeinganagronomyteachertostudynice.38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutthenewkindofhybridrice?A.Itisabletofightdisease.B.Itisgrownacrosstheworld.\nC.Itsoutputismuchhigher.D.Itcanbegrownindifferentfarmland.39.YuanLongpingwishestobeforeheretires.A.growriceintheseaB.haveagoodrestC.keepseveralpetcatsD.helppeopleinAfrica40.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thenewkindofhybridriceisworthstudying.B.ThenewkindofhybridricewasinventedinChina.C.YuanLongpinggrewthenewkindofhybridriceformanyyears.D.YuanLongpinghasplayedanimportantroleinsolvingChina'sfoodproblem.袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，他研究的杂交水稻，提高了粮食产量，为我国解决了重要的粮食问题。这篇短文给我们介绍了袁隆平研究杂交水稻的背景以及他做出的贡献。36.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“FoodwasabigprobleminChinainthepast.ThiswasbecauseChinahad22percentoftheworld'spopulation,butonly7percentofitsfarmland.”可知，在过去，粮食是中国的大问题，因为中国有世界22%的人口，但只有7%的耕地。故选D。37.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段““HowcanIhelpthemhaveenoughfood?”hethought.Hedecidedtoworkonakindofhybridrice.”和第四段“Atlast,in1973,theygrewanewkindofhybridrice.”可知，袁隆平和他的团队种植了一种新的杂交水稻，这种水稻能对抗疾病、产量高，因而解决了中国的粮食问题。故选C。38.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段“Atlast,in1973,theygrewanewkindofhybridrice.Thisriceisstrong.Farmerscangrowitinmanydifferentkindsoffarmlandandalsoinbadweather.Itcanalsofightdisease.Itsoutputwasmuchgreaterthancommonkindsofnice.”可知，文章中提到了这种水稻产量高、能抵抗疾病、能在不同的耕地上种植，B选项“它在全世界种植”没有提到。故选B。39.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段“Beforeheretires,hehopestogrowriceinthesea!”可知，袁隆平在退休之前，希望能够在大海里种植水稻。故选A。40.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文意以及短文第一段“YuanLongping,agreatscientist,isthefirstpersontodevelopakindofhybridricewhichhelpsfighthungerinChina.”可知，这篇短文主要讲述了袁隆平和他的团队是如何研究种植杂交水稻，帮助中国解决粮食问题的。D选项最符合文意，故选D。A【2020•内蒙古鄂尔多斯市东胜区中考一模】Takingonlineclassesisbecomingincreasinglypopular.Doyouknowwhatstudentsaroundtheworldthinkofit?\nTherearefourstudentsfromdifferentcountriesdiscussingit.LiMeifromWuhanTakingonlinecoursesgivesmealotmorechoicesandfreedom.Wecanchoosetolearnwhateverwewant.Also,onlineclassesmakeustostudywheneverandwhereverwewant.JennyfromNewYorkTherearemanytemptations(诱惑)ontheInternet.Studentscanbedistractedeasilywhentheyarehavingonlinecourses.Thelearningprocessisnotasorganizedasitisintheclassroom.ReiyufromTokyoWemightfeelmorefocusedonlearningwhenwearehavingonlinecourses,becausewearealoneinfrontofacomputerwithnoonetodistractus.Inaddition,takingonlinecoursesalsohelpsuspractiseourcomputerskills.MonicafromRomeIthinktheideaoftakingonlinecoursesiscrazy.Itcanincreaseourexposure（接触）tocomputersandtheradiationfromthemcoulddoharmtoourbodies,especiallyoureyes.31.LiMeithinksitis______totakeonlinecourses.A.tiringB.difficultC.convenientD.important32.Whoisagainstonlineclasses?A.LeiMeiandJenny.B.ReiyuandMonica.C.JennyandMonica.D.LiMeiandReiyu.33.Themainideaofthepassageis_____.A.GoodwaystotakeonlinecoursesB.SuggestionsforusingcomputerswiselyC.Onlineclassesindifferentcountries.D.Differentopinionsontakingonlinecourses.【答案】31.C32.C33.D【解析】文章讲述的是在线课程变得越来越流行，而世界各地的学生对此有不同的看法，文中举例四个来自不同国家的学生对于这个问题的意见。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“Takingonlinecoursesgivesmealotmorechoicesandfreedom.Wecanchoosetolearnwhateverwewant.Also,onlineclassesmakeustostudywheneverandwhereverwewant.”可知，李梅认为上网课很方便，故选C。\n【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文中“Therearemanytemptations(诱惑)ontheInternet.Studentscanbedistractedeasilywhentheyarehavingonlinecourses.”可知，Jenny反对上网课；根据文中“Ithinktheideaoftakingonlinecoursesiscrazy.Itcanincreaseourexposure（接触）tocomputersandtheradiationfromthemcoulddoharmtoourbodies,especiallyoureyes.”可知，Monica反对上网课，故选C。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的理解及文章的开头“Takingonlineclassesisbecomingincreasinglypopular.Doyouknowwhatstudentsaroundtheworldthinkofit.Therearefourstudentsfromdifferentcountriesdiscussingit.”可知，文章主要是介绍世界各地的学生对于上网课的不同的看法，故选D。B【2020•安徽省】Whenyouhavedinner,youfollowtablemanners.Whenyouhavealesson,youobeytherulesintheclassroom.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutneedingtomindyourmannersinthedigitalworldwhenyouusephones,e-mailsandsocialmedias,likeQQ,WeChat,Twitter,etc?AsnewresearchbyOxfordUniversitynoted.“It’sjustimportanttotreatpeoplewithrespectonlineasitisinreallife.”Thestudycameupwithsomerulesofgoodmannerstolivebyinthedigitalage.Theirfirstadviceisnot“over-sharing”onsocialmedia,whichmeansnotpostingeverydetailaboutyourlifeonline,becausesomeofusarenotcreativeenoughtoalwaysshowoffourthoughtsandlivesonsocialmedia.Themannersalsoincludenotlookingthroughothers’phonesandnotgossipingaboutothersovermessage,especiallywhenyouchoose“replyall”tosendamessagetoagroupofpeople.Althoughgossipisnotaharmfulchatthatcanmakeconversationsexciting,itcanalsobeawaytospreadsomethinguntrueaboutotherpeople.Gossipcanbeevenstrongeronsocialmediathaninreallife,soit’sbetternottogossip.Moreover,whenyouhavebadnewsforsomeone,donotleavetextmessagesonsocialmedia,chatwithhimorherbycallingorsendingpersonalmessages.Nowadaystechnologyhasofferedusdifferentwaystocontactothers.Itisimportanttorememberhowtobehavetowardsothersonline.38.Accordingtothepassage,weshouldn’tover-sharedetailsofourlifeonsocialmediabecause_____.A.itmayallowbadpeopletostealourpersonalinformationeasilyB.nobodyisinterestedinourpersonallifeunlessyouareastarC.over-sharingwilldisturbothersalthoughyoumayhavecreativethoughtsandlivesD.noteachofuscanexpressourthoughtsandlivescreatively\n39.What’stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“gossip”inthepassage?A.随笔B.恶意评论C.爱说长道短的人D.流言蜚语40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theauthormentions5kindsofsocialmedia.B.Noonewouldmindyourbehaviouronsocialmedia.C.Theauthorgivessomeadviceonhowtobehaveonsocialmedia.D.Onlyfewpeoplefollowthesocialmannersinthedigitalworld.41.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A.AB.BC.CD.D【答案】38.D39.D40.C41.B【解析】本文对在数字时代人们在社交媒体上需要注意的礼貌准则提出了一些建议。【38题详解】细节理解题。阅读第三段可知，我们不应该在社交媒体上“过度分享”我们生活的细节，是因为并不是我们中的每个人都能创造性地表达我们的想法和生活。故选D。【39题详解】词义猜测题。由倒数第三段句子“itcanalsobeawaytospreadsomethinguntrueaboutotherpeople”可知，“gossip”也可能是传播关于其他人不真实东西的一种方式，也就是说“gossip”是对别人的传言，其意思是“流言蜚语”，故选D。【40题详解】推理判断题。由第二段句子“Thestudycameupwithsomerulesofgoodmannerstolivebyinthedigitalage.（该研究提出了一些在数字时代生活的好的礼貌准则。）”以及下文可知，作者就如何在社交媒体上表现给出了一些建议，故选C。\n【41题详解】篇章结构题。作者在第一段提出问题，在社交媒体上是否要注意举止，在第二段指出牛津大学的研究提出了一些在数字时代生活需要的礼貌准则，所以第一、二段是并列关系。下面三段给出了具体建议，为第二段的展开描述，最后一段进行了总结，所以结构应该是选项B所示，故选B。C【2020•天津市东丽区中考二模】EveryyearonmybirthdaysinceIwas11，awhitegardenia（栀子花）wassenttomyhouse．Nocardevercamewithit．Callstotheflowershopwerenothelpfulatall．AftersometimeIstoppedtryingtofindoutthesender'snameandwasjustpleasedwiththebeautifulflower，insoftpinkpaper．Icouldn'tstopimaginingwhothegivermightbe．Someofmyhappiestmomentswerespentdaydreaming（幻想）aboutthesender．Mymotherencouragedthesedaydreams．She'daskmeifIhadbeenespeciallykindtosomeone．PerhapsitwasoneofmyclassmatesPerhapsitwastheoldmanwhoIoncehelped．Asagirl，IhadmorefunimaginingthatitmightbeaboythatIhadmet．Amonthbeforemyhighschoolgraduation（毕业），myfatherdied．IwassosadthatIbecamecompletelyuninterestedinmycominggraduationdance，andIdidn'tcarewhetherIhadanewdressornot．Mymother，inherownsadness，wouldnotletmemiss（过）anyofthosethings．Shewantedherchildrentofeelloved．Infact，mymotherwantedherchildrentoseethemselvesmuchlikethegardenia：lovely，strongandperfect．MymotherdiedtenyearsafterIwasmarried．Thatwastheyearthegardeniastoppedcoming．51.Thewriterreceivedonherbirthdaysinceshewas11．A.awhitegardeniaB.acardC.acardandsoftpinkpaperD.agardeniaandacard52.Thewriterwasverywhenshewasimaginingwhosenttheflower．A.happyB.sadC.worriedD.nervous53.Itcanbeinferred（椎断）fromthepassagethat．A.thewriterdidn'tgetanewdressforthedanceB.thewriterprobablyjoinedinthegraduationdanceC.thewriter'sfatherdiedtenyearsearlierthanhermotherD.thewriter'sfatherreceivedagardeniaoneachofhisbirthdays\n54.Thewritergotthegardeniasfromonherbirthdays．A.herclassmateB.theoldmanC.theboyD.hermother55.Thepassagemainlytalksabout．A.whatagardeniameantB.whatagirldreamedaboutC.howamotherlovedherchildrenD.howadaughtermissedherfather．【答案】51.A52.A53.B54.D55.C【解析】本文主要描述了母亲对作者的爱，通过事例阐述了母亲如何爱孩子的。【51题详解】根据文章第一句EveryyearonmybirthdaysinceIwas11，awhitegardenia（栀子花）wassenttomyhouse.可知，作者自从十一岁以来生日上会收到一束栀子花。故选A。【52题详解】根据第二段前两句Icouldn'tstopimaginingwhothegivermightbe．Someofmyhappiestmomentswerespentdaydreaming（幻想）aboutthesender可知，作者在想是谁送的花时非常高兴。故选A。【53题详解】根据第三段Mymother，inherownsadness，wouldnotletmemiss（过）anyofthosethings．Shewantedherchildrentofeelloved的描述可推知，作者的妈妈可能会让作者参加毕业聚会，她想让她的孩子感受到爱，希望孩子像栀子花一样：可爱、坚强、完美。故选B。【54题详解】根据短文最后一段MymotherdiedtenyearsafterIwasmarried．Thatwastheyearthegardeniastoppedcoming可知，作者的妈妈去世后，就没再收到栀子花，说明生日收到的栀子花是其妈妈送的。故选D。【55题详解】根据短文大意可知，本文主要描述了母亲对作者的爱，阐述了母亲如何爱孩子的。所以howamotherlovedherchildren为本文题目最合适。故选C。D【2020•浙江省宁波市中考一模】Ifyouareinchargeofaproject,thekeytosuccessisgettingeveryonetovolunteertohelpyou.Asadirector,Ipoint.Isuggest.IgentlypushtheactorsinthedirectionIwantthemtogo.Inthe1986movie,NothinginCommon,JackieGleason'scharacter,MaxBasner,getsfiredfromhisjobasaclothingsalesman.Thescene,shotonaboat,showsMax'sdespairaboutbeingoutofwork.Iwaslookingforsome\ngesturethatwouldallowMaxtoshowhisfeelings.JackiehadfarmoreexperienceateverythingthanIdid,andatfirstIwasfrightened.WhatcouldIpossiblytell"TheGreatOne"aboutacting?OutoffearIdecidedtodirectbysuggestion,andsatdownwithGleasontotalkaboutthescene."SoMaxissad,right?"Isaid.Gleasonnodded."Andhe'sprobablystillcarryinghispenswithnameonthem﹣theonesheusedtohandouttohiscustomers,right?"Gleasonnodded."Sowhatwouldyouwanttodowiththepensafteryouwerefired?"Hewassilentforamoment,"Whydon'tIthrowthemoverboard?"Istoodupandturnedtowardthecrew."Hey,everybody,Jackiehasawonderfulidea.Let'sshootit."Afterfilmingthescene,Gleasoncalledmeoverandsmiledatme,"Garry,whatkindofwonderfulideaamIgoingtohavetomorrow?"Youandyourteamcandiscovertheanswerstoproblemstogether.Whentherearenoprizesorgoldstarsforwhoevergetsthesolutionfirst,you'llallbenefitwheneverythingturnsoutright.37.Whatdidthewriterdotoachievesuccessasadirector?A.Hegaveordersandinstructionsdirectly.B.Hepushedhisteamhardtofollowhim.C.Hesaidrepeatedlywhohadthefinalsay.D.Heguidedtheactorswithgreatpatience..38.WecaninferthatJackieGleasonwas________ofthefilmNothinginCommon.A.thedirectorB.anactorC.thewriterD.ancharacter.39.WhatdidGleasonmeanbysmilingatthewriter?A.Heenjoyedthewriter'swayofdirectingfilms.B.Hewasself﹣confidentabouthisactingthenextday.C.Hehadmanagedtogetoverhisunpleasantfeelings.D.Hehaddiscoveredtheanswerstoalltheproblems..40.Thepurposeofthewriter'ssharinghisfilmingexperienceistotellus________.A.differentwaystodirectfilmsB.skillsofworkingwithfilmstars\nC.thekeytosuccessinaprojectD.awonderfulideaofshowingfeelings.【答案】37.D38.B39.A40.C【解析】文章告诉我们一个道理：如果您负责一个项目，成功的关键是让每个人都自愿为您提供帮助。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据4-9段出现了很多次Gleasonnodded都是在导演提问后的反应，可知导演一直引导着演员，特别有耐心。故选D。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Inthe1986movie,NothinginCommon,JackieGleason'scharacter,MaxBasner可知JackieGleason的角色是MaxBasner，所以他是电影中的一位演员。故选B。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Afterfilmingthescene,Gleasoncalledmeoverandsmiledatme,"Garry,whatkindofwonderfulideaamIgoingtohavetomorrow?"可知Gleason向我微笑着说：“明天我会有什么很棒的想法呢？”可知他很享受作者导演电影的方式。故选A。【40题详解】作者意图题。根据第一段Ifyouareinchargeofaproject,thekeytosuccessisgettingeveryonetovolunteertohelpyou.可知如果您负责一个项目，成功的关键是让每个人都自愿为您提供帮助。这也是作者为我们分享的。故选C。E【2020•浙江省杭州市下城区一模】Plasticisallaroundus.It'sintheTVswewatchathome,thedesksweuseatwork,andthepenswewritewithatschool,evenwrappedaroundthefoodwebuy.Somepeoplehavehadenoughofplastic,though,andhavechosenanewlifestyle.Thesepeoplehavebecomeplasticarians,meaningtheytrytolivelifewithoutbuyingorusingplastic.BritishstudentThomasSmithdecidedtogoplastic-free,tellingreporters,"Abitofplasticyouhadforasecondlastslongerthanyourlifetime."Smithtriedtoavoidbuyinganythingthathadplasticinit,whichmadegettingeventhesimplestitems,liketoiletpaper,difficult.Overaperiodofsixmonths,helostfivekilogramsinweightandfinallygaveup.BethTerry,awomaninCalifornia,haslivedmostlyplastic-freeformorethansixyears.ForBeth,choosingaplasticarianlifestylecameoutofconcernfortheplanetandherhealth.Studieshavelinkedsomekindsofplastictocancerandheartdisease,andchemicalsintheseplasticscaninfluenceababy'sdevelopment.That'swhysonicdoctorssayitisimportantthatwomenwhoarchavingbabiesintheirbodiesavoideatingfoodstoredinplastic\ncontainers.It'snevertoolatetostartreducingtheamountofplastic.Youcanstartbygivingupbottledwaterandteas.Instead,buyareusablestainless-steelbottleandbringdrinksfromhome.Youcanalsobuyfoodfromfarmers'markets,wherefreshproduceandmeatarenotpackagedinplastic.Finally,it'sbettertousesoapandshampoobarsthatarewrappedinpaperthanliquidsoapsandshampoosthatcomeinplasticbottles.Whilecuttingplasticoutofyourlifeallatoncemaybetoomuchtomanage,everyjourneybeginswithonestep.Chooseoneplasticitemtolivewithouttoday,andyouwillbeonyourwaytoahealthierlifeandacleanerplanet.12.Howdoesthewritershowthefactthatplasticisallaroundus?A.Bytellingastory.B.Bydescribingapicture.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byusingnumbers.13.WhydidBritishstudentThomasSmithdecidetogiveupplastic?A.Hewantedtoexperiencehowtolivewithoutplasticinhislife.B.Hethoughtthatplasticcouldhelphimloseweight.C.Hewantedtobehealthier.D.Hewantedtohelptheenvironment.14.WhichofthefollowingstatementsinNOTtrue,accordingtothearticle?A.Youshoulduseaplasticbottleandfillitwithwateroverandoveragain.B.Youcanstarttobringdrinksfromhomeratherthanbuybottledteasatastore.C.It'sbettertobuysoapandshampoobarswrappedinpaperD.Studieshaveshownthatchemicalintheplasticscanbeharmfultoababy'sdevelopment.15.Inthelastparagraph,thewriterismainly________.A.showingapredictionusingplasticinourdailylifeB.introducingtheresultsofcuttingplasticoutoflifeatonceCexpressingafeelingaboutstoppingusingplasticthingsD.givingadviceoncuttingdownplasticuse【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.D【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了塑料制品对人类及环境的危害，现在已经有越来越多的人选择无塑料的生活方式，并呼吁大家慢慢远离塑料，过更健康的生活。【12题详解】\n细节理解题。根据第一段“It'sintheTVswewatchathome,thedesksweuseatwork,andthepenswewritewithatschool,evenwrappedaroundthefoodwebuy”可知，作者通过举例子的方式，列举了如我们观看的电视、我们工作的桌子、我们写字的钢笔等来证明塑料无处不在。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Abitofplasticyouhadforasecondlastslongerthanyourlifetime”可知，我们所使用的塑料制品难以降解，所以他放弃使用塑料是为了保护环境。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。A选项：你应该用一个塑料瓶，一次又一次地往里面灌水。根据“Youcanstartbygivingupbottledwaterandteas”可知，选项错误；B选项：你可以从家里带饮料，而不是去商店买瓶装茶。根据“Instead,buyareusablestainless-steelbottleandbringdrinksfromhome”可知，选项正确；C选项：最好买纸包装的肥皂和洗发水棒。根据“Finally,it'sbettertousesoapandshampoobarsthatarewrappedinpaper”可知，选项正确；D选项：研究表明塑料中的化学物质对婴儿的发育有害。根据“Studieshavelinkedsomekindsofplastictocancerandheartdisease,andchemicalsintheseplasticscaninfluenceababy'sdevelopment”可知，选项正确。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“…everyjourneybeginswithonestep.Chooseoneplastichemtolivewithouttoday…”可知，本段主要介绍了减少塑料制品使用的建议，即一步步的减少塑料制品的使用，慢慢远离塑料制品。故选D。F【2020•浙江省杭州市江干区中考一模】Mostofusdon'tlikeaboutfooduntilwestartfeelinghungry,buteatingimportantinlife.Totalkaboutfoodandeatingistotalkaboutoneofthemostcommonsubjectsweknow.Eatingisjustlikebreathingorsleeping,soeveryday,soordinary,itdoesnotreceivemuchnotice.However,what,where,when,how,andwithwhomweeatsayagreatdealaboutwhoweare.Doyouusechopsticks?Doyouholdtheknifebackward?Doyouchewwithyourmouthopen?Alltheseeatinghabitssaysomethingaboutyou.Theyaremessagesevenwhenwearenottryingtosayanything.Foodandthewaysweeatit,likeclothesandthewaywewearthem,tellwhoandwhatweare.Welearnoureatinghabitsveryearlyinlife.Weusuallyhavestrongfeelingaboutourchildhoodfoods.Foodswelearntolikeourearlyyearsprobablyhaveaspecialmeaningforusforeverbecausetheyareconnectedtopeopleandthingswelove.Mom'scheersorthewayDadcutsthebreadcrustsjustrightbringingupfeelingsofloveandcomfort.\nPeopleusefoodandeatingtomarktheseasonsandtheimportantmomentsinlife（suchasgrowingupandgettingmarried）,ortohonorgods,andtosaysomethingaboutthemselves.Peoplewilleatdifferentfoodsfordifferentholidays.Sometimespeopleeverexplainwhytheyeatcertainthingsoncertaindays.AmericansdothatsortofexplainingatThanksgiving.TheyeatTurkey,corn,andIndianpuddingbecausetheirancestors（祖先）atethematthefirstThanksgiving.ThosefoodsmeansomethingtoAmericans.Asyoucansee,foodandeatingmarkpeople'ssharedexperiences,buttheycanalsomarkthedifferences.Inthesense,wetrulyarewhatweeat.12.Youcanprobablyreadthearticlefromamagazineabout_______________.A.travelingB.foodandcultureC.clothesandfashionD.sports13.Whydopeoplehavestrongfeelingaboutchildhoodfoods?A.Becausethefoodsmayconnecttothebelovedpeopleorthings.B.Becausemostofthepeoplelikeeatingcheeseandbread.C.BecausethecheesemadebyMomandDadtastesdelicious.D.Becausepeoplelearntheeatinghabitsveryearly.14.Whichofthefollowingshowstheproperstructureofthispassage?A.B.C.D.15.Whatdoesthesentence"wetrulyarewhatweeat"meanaccordingtothepassage?A.Weneedtoeathealthyfoodtokeepfit.B.Thewayweeattellsalotaboutus.C.Weeatsomespecialfoodonspecialdays.D.It'sthefoodthatmakesusdifferent.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B【解析】文章介绍了我们中大多数人直到感到饥饿时才会考虑食物，但是饮食在生命中是最重要的。对饮食和食物的讨论是我们现在所知的最基本的话题之一。本文结合食物和饮食习惯从小养成，反映出我们一些信息说明食物和饮食习惯会体现我们是怎样的人。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解及文章的开头Mostofusdon’tlikeaboutfooduntilwestartfeelinghungry…itdoesnotreceivemuchnotice及结尾Asyoucansee,foodandeatingmarkpeople’ssharedexperiences,\nbuttheycanalsomarkthedifferences.Inthesense,wetrulyarewhatweeat.可知，文章主要是说食物和饮食习惯方面的，所以B选项符合，故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Weusuallyhavestrongfeelingaboutourchildhoodfoods.Foodswelearntolikeourearlyyearsprobablyhaveaspecialmeaningforusforeverbecausetheyareconnectedtopeopleandthingswelove.可知，我们通常对童年的食物有强烈的感情。我们早年学会喜欢的食物可能对我们永远有着特殊的意义，因为它们与我们所爱的人和事有关。故选A。【14题详解】篇章结构题。根据文章的描述可以看出，第一段总的指出食物和饮食没有引起人们的重视；第二段指出通过食物和饮食习惯告诉我们是谁和我们是什么样的人；第三四段分别介绍人们饮食习惯很早就已经养成了，人们用食物和食物来纪念季节和生命中的重要时刻；最后一段再次总结食物和饮食习惯标志着人们的不同的经历，所以四个选项中C选项比较符合，故选C。【15题详解】句意猜测题。根据前句Asyoucansee,foodandeatingmarkpeople’ssharedexperiences,buttheycanalsomarkthedifferences.可知，这里说是食物和饮食习惯能够反映出我们是什么样的人，通过我们的饮食方式可以告诉我们很多关于我们的事情。故选B。G【2020•四川省泸州市泸县中考二模】Iwasonceinaclassinwhichnoneofthestudentswouldevergraduate.Eachstudentinourclassseemedtobeatroublemaker.NoneofourteachershadstayedforlongerthanaweekuntilMrsCosbycame.Onemorning,thedoortotheclassroomopenedandanewteacherwalkedin.ItwasMrsCosby.Shelookedverykind.Andwesurelygaveherahardtimeandthoughtshewouldn’tstayformorethanaweek.Butnomatterwhatwedid,shenevergotstroppywithus.Andslowlywegotworriedabouthowtodriveheraway.Thencamethelastdayofthefirstmonth.Shewentintotheclassroomwithsomepiecesofpaperinherhands.Wefearedthattheworstwouldhappen---atest.However,itwasn’tatest,butsomethingsurprisedus.MrsCosbygaveeachofusapieceofpaper.Oneachpieceofpapershehadwrittenwhatthestudenthadbeengoodatduringthelastmonth.Weweresurprised,Noonehadeverencouragedusbeforeshecame.Wehadbeenalwaystoldwewerethesilliestintheworld.Butshetolduswewereintelligentinsomeway.Fromthatdaywestartedtobelieveinourselves.Fromthatdaywestoppedmakingherlifehardandbegantostudyreallyhard.Otherteacherscouldn’tunderstandwhathappenedtous.Butweknewthereason---eachmonthwe\ngotapieceofpapertellinguswhatweweregoodatfromMrsCosby.Andthencamethedayofourgraduation.ThatdayMrsCosbytoldusthatshewasproudofus.Shesaidsheknewweweregoodstudentsandthatwecouldsucceed.Whatweneededwastobelieveinourselves.41.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thewriterfailedtograduatefromschool.B.Teachersinthatschoolwerenotfriendly.C.Thewriter’sclasswasdifficulttodealwith.D.Teachersintheschoolworkedforoneweekinturn42.Theunderlinedphrase“gotstroppy”probablymeans“_______________”.A.注意B.生气C.相处D.照看43.Whatwastheworstthingthestudentsfeartodoaccordingtothepassage?A.FinishingthehomeworkB.DoingsomethingwrongC.HavingatestD.Givingatalk44.Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthepassage?A.MrsCosbywasn’tproudofherstudents.B.Alltheteacherstoldthestudentstheywereintelligentintheclass.C.MrsCosby’sencouragementhelpedthewriterandtheclassmatesalot.D.mostofthestudentsintheclasswerefullofconfidencebeforeMrsCosbycame.45.Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe____________.A.TerriblestudentsB.MyEnglishteacherC.AnyonecanbecomeagoodstudentD.Thepowerofencouragementfromtheteacher【答案】41.C42.B43.C44.C45.D【解析】文章描述了一位因材施教的老师——Cosby。她告诉学生：大家都可以成功，需要做的是相信自己。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Eachstudentinourclassseemedtobeatroublemaker.NoneofourteachershadstayedforlongerthanaweekuntilMrsCosbycame.”可知我们班的每个学生似乎都是个捣蛋鬼且我们的老师都没有呆过一个星期以上。由此推知，作者的班级很难管理。故选C。【42题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词句的下一句“Andslowlywegotworriedabouthowtodriveheraway.”可知孩子们慢慢地开始担心如何把老师赶走。由此推知老师对他们的所作所为一点也不“生气”。故选B。\n【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Wefearedthattheworstwouldhappen---atest.”可知我们担心最坏的情况是测验。故选C。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Shesaidsheknewweweregoodstudentsandthatwecouldsucceed.Whatweneededwastobelieveinourselves.”可知Cosby经常鼓励孩子们，这对同学们帮助很大。故选C。【45题详解】最佳标题。根据最后一段“Shesaidsheknewweweregoodstudentsandthatwecouldsucceed.Whatweneededwastobelieveinourselves.”可知Cosby经常鼓励孩子们，孩子们更自信，文章介绍了老师鼓励的力量很重要。故选D。