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考点18疑问句命题趋势:陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的句子,陈述句分为肯定句和否定句,备战2017年中考时要牢记陈述句的肯定形式及否定形式等用法。疑问句可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句四大类。中考英语试题一般考查这些疑问句的结构及其回答。中考考查重点:1.掌握陈述句的肯定式、否定式;2.除no,not以外的表否定意义的词;3.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句的构成和基本用法;4.理解反意疑问句的构成和基本用法。陈述句陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。考向一:陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型:1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)Therainstopped.雨停了2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语Childrenareplayingbasketball.孩子们在打篮球。3.主语+连系动词+表语Leavesturnyellowinautumn.秋天树叶变黄。4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.我爸爸给我买了台电脑。5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语Hemadehissistercriedjustnow.他刚刚把他妹妹弄哭了。考向二:陈述句的否定句式1.若句中有连系动词be、情态动词或助动词,则分别在它们的后面加上not。Hismotherhasalreadycalledthepoliceforhelp.他的母亲已经报警求助了。→Hismotherhasn’tcalledthepoliceforhelpyet.他的母亲还没有报警求助。\nSometimesyou’resupposedtocomeearly.(变为否定句)Sometimesyou________________________supposedtocomeearly.2.原句中没有连系动词be、助动词或情态动词时,要在行为动词前加助动词(do,does,did)与否定副词not。并且要注意这时的行为动词要用原形。另外,还需要将原句中的some改为any,too改为either,already改为yet。TheoldmanhurthisleglastWednesday.这位老人上周三腿受伤了。→Theoldmandidn’thurthisleglastWednesday.这位老人上周三腿没有受伤。【2020黑龙江绥化中考】Hehassomegoodideas.(改为否定句)He______have________goodideas.3.英语中有些肯定句与not连用只表示部分否定,所以在变为否定句时,只需将其中的某一(些)词语变为否定词即可。常见的这类词有both→neither,all→none,bothand→neithernor,everyone/each→noone/nobody,each/either→neither,afew→few,alittle→little。Allthestudentsarelisteningcarefully.→Noneofthestudentsis/arelisteningcarefully.BothJoyandSamlikesingingBeijingOpera.→NeitherJoynorSamlikessingingBeijingOpera.【典例】【2020湖北宜昌中考】—It’sunbelievablethat5Gtechnologyisprogressinginsucharapidway!—_______isimpossible.A.SomethingB.AnythingC.NothingD.Everything.4.在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think时,如果要否定后面的宾语从句,习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。Ithinkshewillcomeheresoon.→Idon’tthinkshewillcomeheresoon.疑问句考向一:一般疑问句英语中的疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。所谓一般疑问句,就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。\n1.肯定形式的一般疑问句此类一般疑问句的结构为"连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?"。—Isheagoodstudent?他是一个好学生吗?—Yes,heis.是的,他是。/No,heisn’t.不,他不是。—Doeshegotoschoolbybike?他骑自行车去上学吗?—Yes,hedoes.是的,他骑。/No,hedoesn’t.不,他不骑。【2020贵州铜仁中考】—ArethereanynotebooksonCOVID-19(新冠肺炎病毒)inyourschool?—_______.Theytellushowtoprotectourselvesinthisbigevent.A.Yes,theyareB.Yes,thereareC.Yes,thereisD.Yes,itis2.否定形式的一般疑问句此类一般疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶,通常在连系动词be,情态动词或助动词后加not的缩略式n’t,并放在句首。—Aren’tyouawriter?难道你不是作家吗? —No,I’mnot.是的,我不是。【注意】在这样的句子中,要注意句子的翻译,yes翻译成"不",no翻译成"是的"。【2020青海中考】—Whatafineday!Let’sgoforapicnic,_______?—Soundslikeagoodidea.A.shallweB.don’tweC.canwe3.用yes,no之外的词回答的一般疑问句一般疑问句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词回答,如:certainly,sure,ofcourse,Ithinkso,allright,certainlynot,notatall,never,sorry,notyet,I’mafraidnot等。—Wouldyoumindmyjoiningyourtalk?我加入你们的讨论,你们介意吗?—Ofcoursenot.当然不介意。【2020江苏常州中考】—Doyouwanttotrysomewildduck?—_____.Weshouldprotectwildanimals.\nA.NoideaB.NoproblemC.NowayD.Nodoubt考向二:特殊疑问句以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的基本结构是"疑问词+一般疑问句"。常见的疑问词有what,who,whose,which,when,where,how,whattime,whatcolor,howmuch,howmany,howlong,howoften,howsoon等。1.特殊疑问句的语序疑问词作主语时,句子的语序与陈述句的语序相同。当疑问词作句子的宾语、状语等时,应用"疑问词+一般疑问句"结构。Whowillgiveusatalk?谁将给我们做报告?(who作主语)Whendoyougetupeveryday?你每天什么时候起床?(when作时间状语)到目前为止你看了多少部英文电影?(根据所给中文意思完成句子)_____________________________________________________________________________sofar?2.否定形式的特殊疑问句否定形式的特殊疑问句由"疑问词+一般疑问句的否定形式"构成,主要表示劝告、建议或责备等。Whydidn’tyoutellmeearlier?你为什么不早点告诉我呢?Whencan’thecome?他什么时候不能来?3.对画线部分提问这类题实际上就是将所给的陈述句变为特殊疑问句。解这类题时通常分三步完成:首先选准疑问词;然后改为疑问句语序;最后抄写剩余的部分。当对句子的主语提问时,其语序是"疑问词+谓语+其他成分?"。Jackisoverthere.→Whoisoverthere?HecomestoChinaonceayear. →HowoftendoeshecometoChina?LucywillleaveforLondononbusinessinthreehours.(对画线部分提问)________________________willLucyleaveforLondononbusiness?【答案】Howsoon\n【解析】"in+时间段"常与一般将来时连用,对此提问要用howsoon,表示"多久"。考向三:选择疑问句要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句的最后两个供选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句有两种:一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。—DoyoulikeTomorJerry?你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞?—IlikeJerry.我喜欢杰瑞。—Whichdoyoulikebest,apples,orangesorbananas?你最喜欢哪样,苹果、橘子还是香蕉?—Ilikeapplesbest.我最喜欢苹果。【注意】选择疑问句不能用yes或no来回答。【2020·湖北十堰】—Whatwouldyoulike,juiceorcoffee?—_________.Ijustwantaglassofwater.A.BothB.NeitherC.EitherD.None.考向四:反意疑问句1.反意疑问句的特点反意疑问句是由两部分构成的:前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。即"陈述句+附加疑问句"。反意疑问句前后两部分必须遵循的原则是"三同一反",即:人称相同,动词相同,时态相同,前肯后否,前否后肯。Maryisaworker,isn’tshe?玛丽是工人,是不是?Youwon’tgototheSummerPalacetomorrow,willyou?明天你不去颐和园,是吗?2.反意疑问句的答语对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就用yes回答;若事实是否定的,就用no回答。注意在"前否后肯"的反意疑问句的答语中,yes意为"不",no意为"是"。—Heisn’tgoingtothemeeting,ishe?他不去参加会议,是吗?—Yes,heis.不,他要去。/No,heisn’t.对,他不去。3.常考的反意疑问句初中阶段常考的反意疑问句有以下几种:(1)Therebe句型构成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句的主语应用there。(×)Thereisacatunderthechair,isn’tit?\n(√)Thereisacatunderthechair,isn’tthere?(2)如果陈述句中含有表示否定意义的词,如never,hardly,few,little等,在构成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句部分需用肯定式。Icouldhardlyseethebirdinthesky,couldI?我几乎看不见空中的鸟,对吗? Jim’sneverseensuchawonderfulfootballmatchbefore,hashe?吉姆以前从没看过一场如此精彩的足球赛,是吗? Hedislikesvolleyball,doesn’the?他不喜欢排球,是不是? Jennylooksunhappytoday,doesn’tshe?今天珍妮看起来不高兴,是不是?(3)祈使句之后的附加疑问句①一般祈使句之后的附加疑问部分常用"willyou?"或"won’tyou?"。(4)主从复合句构成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句部分通常与主句在主谓上保持一致;如果主从复合句为"I(don’t)think/believe+宾语从句",附加疑问部分应与宾语从句在主谓上保持一致。 IthinkTomrunsfastestofall,doesn’the?我认为在所有人中汤姆跑得最快,对吗?1.TheBrowswerewatchingTVwhentheygotthephonecalllastnight.(改为一般疑问句)__________theBrowns__________TVwhentheygotthephonecalllastnight?2.DrMalaidhispapersonthedeskfortheyoungdoctorstostudy.(改为一般疑问句)_______DrMa________hispapersonthedeskfortheyoungdoctorstostudy?3.TheBridgeconnectingNantongtoZhangjiagangis11,072metreslong.(对划线部分提问)_________________isthebridgeconnectingNantongtoZhangjiagang?4.ThemiddleschoolboycantelltraditionalChinesestoriesinEnglish.(改为一般疑问句)_________themiddleschoolboy_________traditionalChinesestoriesinEnglish?5.Peoplewillhaverobotsathomein20years.(对划线部分提问)______________willpeoplehaverobotsathome?6.Thedictionarycosthim120yuan.(对划线部分提问)________________didthedictionarycosthim?70.Howmuch7.Sheoftenreadswithherdaughterintheevening.(改为否定句)She_____often_____withherdaughterintheevening.8.(2020重庆中考B卷)70.UncleZhuismakingavegetablesaladfordinnernow.(对划线部分提问)\n__________UncleZhumakingfordinnernow?9.DavidcanhardlyspeakChinese.(改为反意疑问句)DavidcanhardlyspeakChinese,________________?87.canhe10.IimprovedmyChinesealotwiththeteachers’help.(就划线部分提问)______________youimproveyourChinesealot?Howdid1.【2020·云南中考】—________wasthecarinvented?—Itwasinventedin1885.A.WhenB.WhichC.WhoD.Where2.【2020湖北宜昌中考】—______didtherulesaboutkeepingcivilizeddogs(文明养狗)comeoutinYichang?—I’mnotsureabouttheexactdatebutItotallyagree.A.WhyB.WhenC.WhoD.What3.【2020湖北鄂州中考】—She'sneverheardofAbing,________she?—________.Shesaidthathispiece,ErquanYingyuewasherfavoritemusic.A.is;Yes,sheisB.has;Yes,shehasC.hasn't;No,shehasn'tD.isn't;No,sheisn't4.【2020湖北天门中考】—_______doyougotothelibrary?—Twiceaweek.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Howfar5.【2020上海中考】—_________isinchargeofthesummerconcert?—Jessie.Shehasalotofexperience.A.WhereB.WhyC.WhatD.Who6.【2020贵州黔南中考】—Mike,_____willthenewsciencemuseumbebuilt?—Itwillbebuiltinthecenterofthecity.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.why7.【2020贵州黔南中考】—It’sFather’sDay,_____?—Yes.Let’sbuyagiftfordad.Heworksveryhardforus.A.isn’titB.doesn’titC.isn’theD.doesn’the8.【2020贵州铜仁中考】—ArethereanynotebooksonCOVID-19(新冠肺炎病毒)inyourschool?—_______.Theytellushowtoprotectourselvesinthisbigevent.\nA.Yes,theyareB.Yes,thereareC.Yes,thereisD.Yes,itis9.【2020甘肃天水】Let’smeetattheschoolgate,________?A.shallweB.shallyouC.willweD.willyou10.【2020北京中考】—_______doyouvisityourgrandparents,Tom?—Twiceamonth.A.HowmuchB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howsoon1.【2020重庆市永川区一诊测试题】—______________isyourhomefromschool,Ben?—Oh,It’snotveryfar,only______________walk.A.Howlong;ten-minuteB.Howfar;tenminutesC.Howlong;tenminutes’D.Howfar;tenminutes’2.【2020北京市101中学中考三模】—_________doyouhavedinnerwithyourfamilyatrestaurants?—Hardlyever.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowmanyD.Howmuch3.【2020安徽省合肥市庐阳区中考二模】—Howabouttakingataxithere?It'sfaster.—__________.It'srushhournow,soitmaytakelonger.A.SoundsgreatB.Promise!C.BetternotD.Takeiteasy4.【2020安徽省合肥市瑶海区中考二模】—Shallwesitinthecornerorbythewindow?—___________.Idon’tmind.A.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.Either5.【2020甘肃省张掖市中考一模】—_____isyouruncle?Doeshestillworkasanengineer?—Yes,hehasbeenanengineerfortwentyyears.A.WhomB.WhatC.WhoD.Which6.【2020甘肃省张掖市中考一模】—Let’sgohiking,________?—OK.Let’sgo.A.doyouB.don’tyouC.willyouD.shallwe7.【2020甘肃省张掖市中考一模】—WouldyoumindifIturnontheradio?—________.Thebabyissleepinginthenextroom.A.No,Idon’tmindB.Notatall\nC.BetternotD.That’sallright8.【2020山东省济南市市中区中考二模】—________fathertookpartinthecharityactivityyesterday?—Peter’sfather,Mr.Williams.A.WhoseB.WhatC.WhichD.Who9.【2020江苏省徐州市六区县中考二模】—HowdoyoufindthetriptoNewYork?—______________________________.A.TheguidetookusthereB.FirstbytrainandthenbybusC.VerywonderfulD.It'snotfarfromourhotel10.【2020北京市昌平区中考二模】—Jennifer,________makesyousounhappy?—Ican'tgooutsideorplaywithmyfriends.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.who11.【2020北京市丰台区三模】—________mayIkeepthebook,madam?—Fortwoweeks.A.howmuchB.howmanyC.howoftenD.howlong