山西专版2020中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题11复合句课件 38页

专题（十一）复合句第二篇　语法专题突破\nClause1宾语从句考点一　引导词引导词用法例句that如果宾语从句是陈述句,常用that引导,that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略Theradiosays(that)itwillraintomorrow.收音机说明天要下雨。if,whether如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转化而来,用if或whether引导,在句中意为“是否”Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。\n引导词用法例句who,whose,which,when,where,why,how,what如果宾语从句由特殊疑问句转化而来,应用连接代词或连接副词引导Couldyoutellmewhathesaidtoyou?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?\n[注意]下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether:(1)表示“是否”,尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether。Idon'tknowwhetherornothehascomeback.我不知道他是否已经回来了。(2)在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。Thisdependsuponwhetherwearedeterminedtodoit.这要看我们是否有决心去做。(3)和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.他不知道是否要留下来。(4)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan.我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。\n考点二　语序无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,除了引导词放在从句的句首外,要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+……”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+……”。TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslatethismorning.老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。Idon'tknowwhoistherichestofthem.(who在宾语从句中作主语)我不知道他们中谁最富有。\n考点三　时态宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况:1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。DoyouknowwhohewastalkingwithateightlastSunday?你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗?2.主句是一般过去时,从句也应用过去的某种时态。Theteacherwantedtoknowifherstudentshadfinishedtheirhomework.这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。\n3.当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。Shesaidthesunrisesintheeast.她说太阳从东方升起。Ididn'tknowyoulikeclassicalmusic.我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。\n考点四　否定前移在含有think(认为),believe(相信),suppose(设想),expect(期待)等动词的宾语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主句的谓语动词think,believe,suppose,expect等变为否定形式。Idon'tthinkyouareright.我认为你不对。[注意]如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在宾语补足语之后。Ithoughtitstrangethatshedidn'tcome.我认为她没来很奇怪。\n考点五　宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+todo”结构的简单句。Idon'tknowwhatIshouldsay.→Idon'tknowwhattosay.我不知道要说什么。\nClause2状语从句状语从句的考查点主要集中在引导状语从句的连词和状语从句的时态等方面。状语从句分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。现归纳如下:类型连词例句地点状语从句where,whereverCrossthestreamwhereitistheshallowest.从最浅的地方过河。We'llgowhereveryousay.你说的任何地方我们都去。\n类型连词例句时间状语从句when,while,after,before,since,till,until,as,assoonas,whenever,eversinceI'llphoneyouassoonasIarriveinShanghai.我一到上海就给你打电话。Iwaitedtill/untilhecameback.我一直等到他回来。I'lltellhimwhenhecomes.当他来的时候,我将告诉他。Wheneverwe'reintrouble,they'llhelpus.无论何时我们有麻烦,他们都会帮助我们。\n类型连词例句原因状语从句as,because,since,nowthatSusandidn'tcometoschoolyesterdaybecauseshewasill.苏珊昨天没来上学,因为她病了。Sinceherbrotherwasbusy,hedidn'tcome.她哥哥因为忙没有来。Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourhomework,youcanplaybasketball.既然你已经完成了家庭作业,你可以打篮球。条件状语从句if,unless,aslongasYouwon'tpasstheexamunlessyouworkharder.如果不更加努力学习,你将通不过考试。Idon'tmindaslongasitdoesn'train.只要不下雨就行了。\n类型连词例句比较状语从句than,as…as…,notso/as…as…Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.这本书比那本书有趣。Mathsisasimportantasphysics.数学和物理同样重要。目的状语从句incase,sothat,inorderthatShestoodupsothatshemightseemoreclearly.她站起来以便能看得更清楚。Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot.随身带一顶帽子,以防太晒。\n类型连词例句结果状语从句so…that…,such…that…Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tspeak.他是如此生气,以至于说不出话来。Sheissuchalovelygirlthateveryonelovesher.她是一个如此可爱的女孩,大家都喜欢她。让步状语从句although,though,eventhough,nomatter,whatever,whoeverThoughitwaslate,wewentonworking.虽然晚了,但是我们继续工作。Nomatterwhattheweatherislike,theywillgoouttohavesportstomorrow.无论天气怎样,他们明天都将出去进行体育运动。\n【拓展】1.主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句的时态一致一般分为下列三种情况:(1)主现从现:若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.过马路时要小心。Thetrafficmuststopwhenthelightsarered.当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。\n(2)主将从现:主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenIhavetime.当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。Ifsheisheretomorrow,Iwillgototheparkwithher.如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。(3)过去时态:若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。MysisterwasplayingthepianowhenIgothomeyesterday.昨天我到家时,我妹妹正在弹钢琴。\n2.宾语从句和状语从句同时出现Idon'tknowif(是否)hewillcome.If(如果)hecomes,Iwilltellhimabouttheaccident.我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。Idon'tknowwhen(什么时候)hewillcometomorrow.When(当……的时候)hecomes,Iwilltellhimaboutthenews.我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。\n3.so…that…和such…that…的用法用法例句so+形容词或副词+that+从句Sheissolovelythatweallloveher.她如此可爱,我们所有人都喜欢她。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句Itissointerestingabookthatheenjoysreadingit.如此有趣的一本书,他很喜欢读。so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句Thereweresomanypeopleinthesupermarketthatwehadtowaitforalongtime.超市里的人如此多,我们不得不等了很长时间。so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that从句Hehassomuchmoneythathecanaffordthehouse.他有那么多的钱,能买得起这座房子。\n用法例句such+a/an(+形容词)+可数名词单数+that从句Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.他是那么好的一位老师,我们所有人都尊重他。such(+形容词)+可数名词复数+that从句Theyaresuchinterestingmoviesthatchildrenlovethemverymuch.如此有趣的电影,孩子们非常喜欢它们。such(+形容词)+不可数名词+that从句Itwassuchbadweatherthatwehadtostayathome.天气太糟糕了,我们不得不待在家里。\nClause3定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。HeisthemanwhoIwanttosee.他就是我想要见的那个人。先行词关系词　定语从句引导定语从句的有关系代词who,that,which,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why。一般情况下,如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词,关系词应用who,whom,whose或that;先行词如果是表示物的名词或代词,关系词应用whose,that或which。关系词有三个作用:1.引导定语从句;2.代替先行词;3.在定语从句中充当某种成分。\n考点一　关系代词的用法关系代词例句that在从句中作主语或宾语Hewrotedownthethingsthatweretalkedaboutatthemeeting.(作主语)他写下了在会议上讨论的事情。IwillneverforgetthemanthatIsawlastyear.(作宾语)我永远不会忘记我去年见到的那个人。which在从句中作主语或宾语ThisisthenovelwhichiswritteninEnglish.(作主语)这是那本用英语写的小说。TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdaywasfromafriendofmine.(作宾语)我昨天收到的信来自我的一个朋友。\n关系代词例句who在从句中作主语或宾,whom在从句中作宾语Theteacherwillhelpanyonewhoisintrouble.(作主语)老师会帮助任何一个有困难的人。Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.(作主语)打破窗户的人必须要赔偿。Thegirlwho/whomyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.(作宾语)你上周见到的那个女孩已经离开小镇了。ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(作宾语)刚才和你交谈的那个人是李先生。\n关系代词例句whose意为“谁的”,是一个属格词。当先行词是人时,whose相当于“ofwhom”;当先行词是物时,whose相当于“ofwhich”Heistheonlystudentinourclasswhosefatherisapoliceman.=Heistheonlystudentinourclass,thefatherofwhomisapoliceman.他是我们班唯一一个父亲是警察的学生。\n关系代词例句as主要用在such,thesame后,在从句中作主语、宾语等Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.(作主语)他提到的那些人是诚实的。Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'tunderstand.(作宾语)不要看你不懂的书。ThisisthesamebookasIlost.(作宾语)这是一本跟我丢失的那本一样的书。(同类型但不是同一本)\n【归纳】1.关系代词只能用that的情况分类例句先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时Thisisthefourthfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.这是我们学校本学期放映的第四部电影。先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等修饰时ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。(同一辆车)\n分类例句先行词里同时含有人或物时IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用thatWhoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用thatThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上有汤姆的一本书。\n2.关系代词只能用which的情况:(1)当关系词前面有介词,指物时常用which。Thecompanyinwhichheworksisbig.他工作的那家公司很大。(2)非限制性定语从句指物时,多用which。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichpleasedus.实验的结果很好,这令我们十分高兴。(3)如果先行词本身是that或those,只能用which。Thisisthatwhichheboughtyesterday.这就是他昨天买的那个(东西)。\n考点二　关系副词的用法关系副词例句when表示时间,在从句中作时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemeteachother.我不会忘记我们相遇的那一天。where表示地点,在从句中作地点状语It'stheplacewhereIwasborn.这是我出生的地方。why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,先行词是reasonThisisthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.这就是他上学迟到的原因。\n关系副词与关系代词的转换:·when=介词+whichIstillremembertheyearwhenIenteredschool.(when=inwhich)我仍然记得我进校的那一年。·where=介词+whichThisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.(where=inwhich)这是我父亲工作的工厂。·why=forwhichThatisthereasonwhyhedidn'tcometoschool.(why=forwhich)那是他没来上学的原因。\n【比较】1.ThisistheplacewhereIspentmychildhood.(表地点,在定语从句中作地点状语)Thisistheplacewhich/thatIvisitedlastsummer.(在定语从句中作visited的宾语)2.I'llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(在定语从句中作spent的宾语)I'llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogetherinthecountry.(表时间,在定语从句中作时间状语)\n3.Thereasonwhich/thathegaveisthathegotuplate.(在定语从句中作gave的宾语)Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.(表原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)\n对接中考专练|宾语从句|1.[2019·山西]—Someschoolshaveusedsmartuniforms.Iwonder.—Theycantellparentswheretheirchildrenare.A.whoinventedthemB.whattheyareusedforC.whenstudentswearthem语法综合演练B\n对接中考专练2.[2018·山西]—Sir,it'struethatbeinghappyisanability.Socanyoutellme?—Yes.JustasPresidentXisays,“Happinessisachievedthroughhardwork.”A.howwecanfindhappinessB.whocanhelpachievehappinessC.whyhappinessissoimportanttous语法综合演练A\n对接中考专练3.[2017·山西]—Afterweenterthehighschool,wewillhavethecoursesaboutlifemanagement.Wecanchoosewhatwelike.Iwonder.—Physics.Iwanttostudyscienceinthefuture.A.whatchoosingcoursesisforB.whatcoursesyouwanttotakeC.whatyouthinkofchoosingcourses语法综合演练B\n对接中考专练4.[2016·山西]—IjustcamebackfromShanghaiDisneyland.Canyouguess?—Ihavenoidea.Butitcan'tbecheap.I'veheardeverythingisveryexpensivethere.A.howIcamebackhomeB.howmanydaysIstayedthereC.howmuchIpaidfortheMickeyMousetoy语法综合演练C\n对接中考专练5.[2015·山西]—2015isanElNino(厄尔尼诺)year.Manyplacesmaybeshortofwater.Beingastudent,Iwanttodosomething.Iwonder.—Oh,youcandosomesmallthingssuchasturningoffthetapwhilebrushingteeth.A.whatIamsupposedtodoB.howshouldIprotectourhomeC.whyitcancausesuchbadweather语法综合演练A\n对接中考专练6.[2013·山西]—Wewillhaveanewforeignteacherthisterm.Doyouknowwhenhewasinhishometown?—Apoliceman.A.whathedidB.whatwasheC.whathisjobis语法综合演练A\n对接中考专练|定语从句|1.[2016·山西]Theearthistheplanetprovidesuswitheverythingweneed,freshair,cleanwaterandsoon.It'sourdutytoprotectit.A.whoB.thatC.where2.[2013·山西]It'sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahousehasnewfurnitureinit.A.whoB.whereC.that语法综合演练BC