北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第五篇语法突破语法专题08动词和动词短语课件 27页

语法专题（八）动词和动词短语第五篇语法突破\n考点一行为动词行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两类,能独立作句子的谓语。1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。(正)YesterdayIboughtabook.(误)YesterdayIbought.2.不及物动词后面不跟宾语,句子的意思也完整。若不及物动词后要跟宾语,则动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词,构成动词短语。Shecriedyesterday.她昨天哭了。Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.请认真听老师讲课。\n3.延续性动词和非延续性动词。(1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”、“since+从句”、“since+表示时间点的名词”等。IhavelivedinBeijingfor13years.我在北京已经住了13年了。IhavebeenlikethissinceFriday.从周五开始我就一直这样。\n(2)非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的,不可以和表示时间段的状语连用。(误)Ihaveboughtthebikeforthreeyears.(正)Ihavehadthebikeforthreeyears.这辆自行车我买了三年了。\n非延续性→延续性非延续性→延续性leave→beawayborrow→keepbuy→havebegin/start→beondie→bedeadfinish→beoverbecome→bemarry→bemarriedputon→weargoout→beoutopen→beopen(3)常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。\n考点二系动词系动词有be,seem,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep,become,get,turn,grow等。系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起使用,构成“系表结构”,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。表示状态的系动词一般没有进行时态。类别例词例句表示状态的系动词beMyfatherisateacher.我的父亲是一位老师。Sheisverykind.她非常善良。\n类别例词例句表示持续的系动词keep,remain,lie,stayMygrandparentstakeexerciseeverymorningtokeephealthy.我的爷爷奶奶每天早上锻炼来保持健康。感官系动词look,sound,feel,smell,tasteThemilktastesalittlesour.牛奶尝起来有点酸。Theflowerslookverybeautiful.这些花看起来很漂亮。\n类别例词例句表示状态变化的系动词become,get,turn,go,growInspring,treesbegintoturngreen.春天,树开始变绿了。Insummer,foodgoesbadeasily.夏天,食物容易变质。\n考点三助动词助动词主要有be,do,does,did,have,has,had,will,would,shall,should等。助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。Weareworkinghardinthegarden.我们正在花园里辛勤劳动。(be动词构成现在进行时)Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。(doesn't构成否定句)DoyouliveinShanghai?你住在上海吗?(do构成一般疑问句)Haveyoufinishedthework?你完成工作了吗?(have构成现在完成时)\nThehousewaspaintedpurple.房子被刷成了紫色。(be动词构成被动语态)Iwillcallyouthisevening.今晚我会打电话给你。(will构成一般将来时)\n考点四情态动词初中阶段学过的情态动词有can/could,may/might,must,need,will/would,shall/should。情态动词有一定的含义,但不能单独使用,须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not,其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。\n分类用法例句can与beableto①两者都表示能力,意为“能够;可以”。beableto可用于任何时态,can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时②can和could(can的过去式)还可以表示请求或推测③can't可表示否定推测Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他们很快就能告诉你消息了。—CouldIhavethetelevisionon?我可以开着电视吗?(请求)—Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。Thatcan'tbeMr.Wang.HehasgonetoBeijing.那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。(推测)\n分类用法例句may与might①两者都表示“可能;可以;请求;许可”,might的语气较为委婉②might(may的过去式)有三种用法:表示过去式;使语气更加委婉、客气;表示的可能性更小—MayIuseyourpen?我能用你的钢笔吗?—Yes,youmay./No,youmustn't/can't.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。MightIborrowsomemoneynow?现在我可以借点钱吗?Hemightbealive.他可能还活着。\n分类用法例句haveto与must①两者都表示“必须”。must表示说话人的主观意愿;haveto表示客观需要②must可以表示肯定推测,意为“一定,准是”,其否定形式为mustn't,意为“禁止;不准;不许”③对must构成的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”,否定回答用“No,…needn't.”或“No,…don't/doesn'thaveto.”Mybrotherwasbadlyill.Ihadtocallthedoctor.我弟弟病得很重。我不得不把医生请来。Imustfinishmyworktoday.我今天必须完成我的工作。Themanmustbeourteacher.那个人一定是我们的老师。(推测)Youmustn'tdriveafterdrinking.你酒后一定不要驾车。—MustIgohomenow?我必须现在回家吗?—No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.不,你不必。\n分类用法例句shall与shouldshall常用于第一人称,表示提建议或请求;should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称,强调义务或责任,也可表示劝告或建议Shallwegooutforawalk?我们出去散步好吗?(提建议)Youshouldstudyhardatschool.你们在学校应该努力学习。(劝告)will与wouldwill用于第二人称疑问句时,表示征求意见或提建议;would为will的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示意愿Yourparentswilltrytheirbesttohelpyou.你的父母会尽最大的努力来帮助你。Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?你愿意和我去购物吗?\n分类用法例句need①need作情态动词时,表示“需要;有必要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn't,表示“没有必要;不必”;对need构成的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”,否定回答用“No,…needn't”②need还可以用作实义动词,常用于以下两种结构:needtodosth.需要做某事;needdoingsth.某事需要被做Sheneedn'tgothererightnow.她现在没必要去那里。—NeedIcome?我需要来吗?—Yes,youmust.是的,你必须来。Ineedtolearnmore.我需要学习更多。Myhairneedscutting.我的头发该剪了。\n【归纳】情态动词表推测的用法:1.在肯定句中一般用must(一定),may/might(可能),could(也许;或许),其中must表推测的语气最强,其余依次减弱。2.在否定句中一般用can't(不可能)。3.在疑问句中用can/could(可能)。—CantheredsweaterbeTom's?这件红色的毛衣会是汤姆的吗?—No,itcan't.Hecan'tstandred.不,不可能。他忍受不了红色。\n考点五动词短语1.动词+副词：常见的有takeoff,writedown,handin,fixup等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。Handinyourhomework.把你的作业交上来。2.动词+介词：常见的有askfor,careabout,lookfor,lookafter,laughat,hearof,leadto,waitfor等。Don'tlaughatthepeoplewhoareintrouble.不要嘲笑那些处于困境中的人。\n3.动词+名词：常见的有havefun,playsports,takeplace等。这类动词短语相当于不及物动词。Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.这个故事发生在三年前。4.动词+副词+介词：常见的有lookdownupon,goonwith,addupto,catchupwith,dowellin,runoutof等。Studyhard,andyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学。\n5.动词+名词+介词：常见的有takecareof,payattentionto等。Sheoftentakescareofheryoungersister.她经常照顾她的妹妹。\n对接中考专练语法综合演练1.[2019·西城一模]—Excuseme,Itakeaphotoofthisbeautifuldrawing?—I'mafraidnot.Thereisasign“NoPhoto”.A.mayB.mustC.shouldD.need2.[2019·大兴一模]—WherecanIparkmycar?—Youparkyourcaroverthere.A.canB.oughttoC.needD.must3.[2019·东城一模]Thereareplentyoftomatoesinthefridge.Youbuyany.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.wouldn'tD.couldn'tAAA\n对接中考专练语法综合演练4.[2019·丰台二模]—IsinganEnglishsong?—No,youneedn't.Youcansingwhateveryoulike.A.CanB.MayC.NeedD.Must5.[2019·石景山一模]Excuseme,sir,yousmokeintheforest.It'sdangerous.A.wouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't6.[2019·石景山二模]—youliketodrinksometea?—Yes,please.Thanksverymuch.A.WouldB.CanC.MightD.MustDCA\n对接中考专练语法综合演练7.[2019·怀柔一模]—Jack,youswim?—Yes.Ioftengoswimmingwithmyfatherinsummer.A.canB.mustC.mayD.should8.[2019·通州一模]—Mom,mustIcleantheroomrightnow?—No,you.Youcancleanitlater.A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't9.[2019·丰台一模]—CanIhandinmyhomeworktomorrow,Ms.Smith?—No.Youhanditintoday.A.canB.mayC.couldD.mustAAD\n对接中考专练语法综合演练10.[2019·海淀一模]—Iuseyourdictionary?—Sure,hereyouare.A.MustB.MayC.NeedD.Should11.[2019·海淀二模]I'msorryIgonow.Mypianolessonwillstartintenminutes.A.mustB.mightC.canD.could12.[2019·房山一模]—Mustweleavethelibrarybefore5o'clock?—No,you.Youcanstayhereuntil5:30.A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn'tBAA\n对接中考专练语法综合演练13.[2019·东城二模]Jennyisonlyeightyearsold,butshecook.A.mayB.mustC.shouldD.can14.[2019·怀柔期末]Bob,youkeepquietinthelibrary.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need15.[2019·昌平临川中学期末]—Ohdear!Where'smykey?Ifindit.—Mum,it'sonthekitchentable.A.can'tB.needn'tC.shouldn'tD.mustn'tDCA\n对接中考专练语法综合演练16.[2019·门头沟一模]—youswimacrosstheriver,Ann?—No,Ican't.A.CanB.MayC.NeedD.Must17.[2019·门头沟二模]—Ihaveacupoftea,MissAnderson?—Ofcourse.Hereyouare.A.MayB.MustC.NeedD.Should18.[2019·海淀期末]—MustIhandinmyreportnow?—No,you.Youcanfinishitbytheendofthisweek.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.can'tAAA\n对接中考专练语法综合演练19.[2019·顺义期末]Ithinkdogsareourfriends.Theylookafterourhome.A.mustB.mightC.canD.need20.[2019·朝阳二模]—MustIsendtheemailnow?—No,you.Youcandoittomorrow.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn'tCC