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【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十二讲 被动语态 原卷
考点分析
被动语态是历年来中考的考点之一。在备考被动语态时,我们一定要彻底地弄明白,英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。被动语态的考题一般出现在单线选择、完型填空和句型转换中。
知识梳理
一、被动语态概述
思维导图记知识点
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。例如:Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+taught
一般过去时:was/were+taught
一般将来时:will/shall be+taught
现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时:have/has been+taught
现在完成时:have/has been+taught
歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.
歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留。例如:
We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题:
①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
如:His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如:His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)
②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如:The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)
③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如:The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)
④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如:
He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)
He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)
七、 句型转换中主动语态变被动语态的方法:
在句型转换中主动语态变被动语态我们一定要按“一变二套三注意”
一变 变主动为被动或变被动为主动时 ,把原句的主语和宾语互换,注意被动语态的构成“be + 过去分词”。
如:We grew a tree yesterday. →A tree was grown yesterday by us.
二套 被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中,过去分词保持不变,而be动词随着时态有不同的变化,如:am/ is/ are(一般现在时);was/ were (一般过去时);have/ has been( 现在完成时);am/ is/are being (现在进行时)等。若含有情态动词,则用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。
例如:The flowers are being watered by them. 他们正在浇花。
The plan has been found by me. 钢笔已经被我找到了。
Homework must be finished first. 必须要先完成作业。
三注意
① 句中含有双宾语如give/ buy sb sth 时,一般要把间接宾语(sb)变成被动句的主语,若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语,则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的介词有give, show, pass, hand, lend, send 等;常用介词for 的动词有borrow, buy, make 等。
如:The eraser was passed to me at last. 最后,橡皮被传递给了我。
A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.
他给我买了一个玩具,作为我的生日礼物。
② 主动句中,谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语,变为被动句时,介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有listen to, take care of, pay attention to 等。
如:We often talk with the old politely. →The old are often talked with politely by us.
③ 主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式,变被动时要加上to.常见的词组有hear/ see sb do sth, make sb do sth 等。
如:we make the boy stand outside.→The boy was made to stand by us.
考点突破
考点一:将语态与主谓一致、倒转、介词结合起来命题
典例1 (2018重庆)32. --- Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?
--- It’s me. This photo _______ when I was five.
is taken B. takes C. was taken D. took
【答案】C
【解析】根据was知道用过去时,排除A和B,而主语无法发出动作,只能是承受者,故用被动语态,排除D。
举一反三
( )1.(2018河北省)34. Look at the picture. The top five TV plays ________ in it.
A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed
( )2.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)13. This kind of pen _____, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some.
A. writes well B. writes good C. is written well D. is written good
( )3.(2018安徽省)44. The weatherman says a rain shower _____ this afternoon in the south.
A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected
( )4.(2018 北京)11. A new international airport in the city next year.
A. completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed
( )5.(2017•湖北咸宁) 33.一What do you think of the latest TV play the Name of People?
一It’s very popular. Millions of families _________ by it during that time.
A attracted B. are attracted C. were attracted D. were attracting
考点二、 在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题
典例1(2017·广东省)42. The waiter told me that free parking _______ for the hotel guests.
A. provides B. provided C. will be provided D. was provided
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。宾语从句的主语free parking与动词provide存在被动关系,应用被动语态,排除A与B两项;又根据前面told可知此空用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
举一反三
( )1.(2017·河北) 35. Hangzhou ______ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A. knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known
( )2.(2017·甘肃天水)40. The boy was seen ____________ computer games in the net bar.
A. play B. played C. playing D. to play
( )3. (2017·四川乐山) 22. It’s not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over there until you ______.
A. are calling B. have called C. are called
( )4.(2017•天津) 34. Let’s wait and see whether books _______ by the Internet in the future.
A. replace B. replaced C. will be replaced D. were replaced
( )5. (2017·安徽)Mr. Green ______ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.
A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites
真题在线
1. (2018▪山东莱芜) 33- — Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years.
一Yes. And the high-speed rail _______ in 2020.
A. completes B. is completed C. will be completed D. will complete
2.(2018•云南曲靖)Nowadays China ____ for its new “four great inventions”—shared bicycle, electronic payment, high-speed railways and online shopping.
A. was knowing B. was known C. is knowing D. is known
3.(2018•新疆乌鲁木齐) --Can you go to the movies with me tonight?
--I have to ask my mum. If I , I will go with you.
A. allow B. allowed C. am allowed D. was allowed
4.(2018·广西玉林)—What do you know about the 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup?
—Oh, I only know that the last game ________ on July 15.
A. was played B. is played C. will be played D. will play
5. (2018·辽宁葫芦岛)—Light-rail vehicle(轻轨) in our city in two years.
—Good news.
A. builds B. built C. will be built D. is built
6. (2018·辽宁辽阳)As far as we know, the 2022 Winter Olympics △ in China.
A. hold B. are hold C. will hold D. will be held
7. (2018·辽宁盘锦)—______ the theme park ______ in Shanghai two years ago?
—Yes, it's about Chinese traditional culture.
A. Does; build B. Did; build C. Is; built D. Was; built
8. (2018•辽宁沈阳)There will be fewer workers in factories because most work by robots in the future.
A.is done B. was done C. will be done D. will do
9. (2018·广西梧州)—Your hometown is beautiful, and the air is really fresh.
—Yes. Many trees and flowers ______ around here every year.
A. plant B. are planted C. was planted D. will plant
10.(2018.吉林)33. The school music festival ______ next Monday.
A. was held B held C will be held
11. (2018·江苏徐州) The latest mobile phone _______ in China.
A. will make B. has made C. is making D. is made
12.(2018·辽宁本溪)A new primary school _____ in this village next year.
A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. is building
13. (2018 • 吉林长春) We Chinese ________ by the touching documentary Amazing China.
A. encourage B. encourages C. are encouraged D. are encouraging
14.(2018·内蒙古呼和浩特)10.— People,especially the young, by their friends.
— That’ s true.Friends play an important part in everyone’ s life.
A.easily influences B.is easily influenced C.are easily influenced D.influenced easily
15.(2018·青海) 28. —Why are you working so hard on telling stories in English?
— Because the best story tellers _________ to an international Summer Camp.
A. are chosen B. were chosen C. will be chosen
16.. (2018·新疆阜康米泉) The boy thinks he shouldn't ________ what to do because he is 18 now.
A. tell B. tells C. telling D. be told
17. (2018·广东省)Many shops in China to shut down as a new law against ivory(象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018.
A. ordered B. didn’t order C. were ordered D. weren’t ordered
18. (2018·湖南湘西) —Your ring looks nice.
—Yes, and it _____in Thailand.
A. makes B. made C. was made
19. (2018·湖南湘潭) Chinese _______ by more and more people around the world.
A. is spoken B. speak C. speaking
20. (2018•湖北十堰)34. Too much time______ on computer games by most teenagers every day. And their parents are worried about their health and study.
A. spends B. is spent C. has spent D. spending
21.(2018 湖北恩施)34. If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you by your boss.
A. will fire B. are fired C. will be fired
22. (2018• 湖北咸宁)—The 19th National Congress of the CPC(中共十九大) ________ in Beijing last year.
— Our country has been into a new era (时代) since then.
A. held B. was held C. has held D. had held
23. (2018•四川泸州)Two bridges over the river five years ago in our city.
A. build B. built C. were built D. are built
24. (2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) FIFA World Cup ________ every four years. Guess which team will win in 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup?
A. is held B. was held C. will be held
25. (2018·河北) Look at the picture. The top five TV plays _______ in it.
A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed
模拟演练
1.(2018·海南中考) Look at the trees on both sides of the streets. They ______ last spring.
A. planted B. were planted C. were planting
2. (2018•广西贵港中考)Children under 12 years old ride sharing bikes. It’s too dangerous.
A. shouldn’t allow to B. shouldn’t allow
C. shouldn’t be allowed to D. shouldn’t be allowed
3. (2018·湖南岳阳)Our classroom by students every afternoon.
A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. cleans
4. (2018江苏扬州)12. —What are you watching?
— The Story of China. This part ______ at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2014.
A. filmed B. was filmed C. has filmed D. is filmed
5. (2018·江西)34. Kids have to take many after-school classes. They _____ hard to study for good grades.
A. push B. are pushed C. are pushing D. have pushed
6. (2018·四川资阳)Tea, the most popular drink in the world, ______ by accident in China.
A. discovered B. is discovered
C. will be discovered D. was discovered
7. (2018·湖北襄阳)—The Forum(论坛)on China-Africa Cooperation Meeting will take place in Beijing this year.
—Yes. I hear thousands of guests ______to the meeting then.
A. will be invited B. will invite C. are invited D. invite
8.(2018·广西桂林)If you use mobile phone while driving, you ______ by police.
A. are caught B. will catch C. will be caught
9.(2018·广西河池) 36. A new high speed train railway station _______ in Hechi in five years.
A. will build B. will be built C. has built D. has been built
10. (2018. 贵州安顺)Andy, with his parents, Hong Kong, and some shopping by them.
A. have gone to; will do B. has gone to; will be done C. have been to ; will do D. has been to; do
11.(2018·北京中考)A new international airport ______ in the city next year.
A.completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed
12. (2018福建A卷) 32. Paper-making _____ by the Chinese in the Western Han dynasty(朝代).
A. is invented B. invented C. was invented
13.(2018山东菏泽)23. It is believed that tea ___ to Korea and Japan from China during 6th and 7th
centuries.
A. brought B. was brought C. is brought
12. (2018·甘肃天水)31.A new robot by a middle school student last term.
A.invented B.was invented C.invents D.is invented
15.(2018·四川达州)—Final exam is coming,Tom.Don’t watch TV for too long.
—I’m not a child any more.I ______ what to do.
A.should always be told B.should always tell C.shouldn’t always be told D.shouldn’t always tell
16.(2018·四川达州)—I have a bad cold,mom.
—Oh,dear!You’d better ______ a doctor with me in a minute.
A.will see B.see C.not see D.seeing
17. (2018·四川南充)—What a terrible rainstorm it was last night!
—Yes, many old trees and houses .
A. pull down B. were pulling down C. were pulled down D. pulled down
18. (2018·重庆A)The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _________in China. I'm sure
it will be a great success.
A. hold B. will hold C. were held D. will be held
19. (2018·安徽)The weatherman says a rain shower ______ this afternoon in the south.
A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected
20. (2018·湖南益阳)29. If you are over 18 years old, you _____ to drive a car in our country.
A. can allow B. can’t allow C. can be allowed
21. (2018·南京) —Simon, do you know who invented the kite?
—Sure! It ________ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.
A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. will be invented
21. (2018·山东临沂) 20. Jane _______ to call me last night, but she didn’t.
A. supposed B. supposes C. was supposed D. is suppose
23. (2018四川成都中考)The opening of the 2018 Word Cup ______ in Russia this evening. So after our English exam, let's go and watch it to relax ourselves!
A. would be held B. is held C. will be held
22. (2018·四川德阳)23. The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A. invent B.was invented C. is invented D. invented
25.(2018·四川乐山) — Look, what an old bridge! It looks so special!
— Yeah, it ______ nearly 500 years ago.
A. was building B. was built C. has built
26.(2018·天津) Dr Bethune ____________ still_________ in both China and Canada today.
A. is; remembered B. is remembering C. will; remember D. has; remembered
27. (2018·重庆B卷)—Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?
—It’s me. This photo _____ when I was five.
A. is taken B. takes C. was taken D. took
28. (2018·湖南郴州)—Do you know when and where the 24th Winter Olympic Games ________?
—In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022.
A. is held B. will be held C. will hold
29. (2018·湖南邵阳)28. _______ Wugang Airport _______ last year?
A. Did; build B. Had; built C. Was; built