中考英语 拓展复习 154页

九年级 英语 义 务 教 育 教 科 书 人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所 英 语 课 程 教 材 研 究 开 发 中 心 编著 圣 智 学 习 集 团 （中国） （美国） ·北 京· 九年级  全一册 英 语 义 务 教 育 教 科 书 致同学 同学们，你们好！欢迎你们进入九年级的英语学习！ 本套教材是根据你们的心理特点、认知水平和兴趣爱好来编写的。 相信在新学年，教材的以下特点会继续帮助你们学好英语： 1. 教材不仅要帮助你们学习英语语言知识，更重要的是要帮助你们 发展语言运用能力，让你们学会用英语表达思想、与人交流。 2. 教材充分考虑了你们的生活实际和学习需求，教材的内容和活动 都与你们的生活和兴趣紧密相连，目的是让你们在英语学习中不感到枯 燥乏味，而是有话可说、有话想说、有话能说。 3. 教材在重视培养你们的语言运用能力的同时，更加重视培养你们 的语言学习策略和技能。这些策略和技能是帮助你们进一步学好英语的 基础。 4. 教材为你们设计了许多具有交际意义的任务或活动，目的是让你 们在英语课堂上“活”起来、“动”起来。英语课堂教学需要你们的充分 参与，英语学习需要你们与老师合作、与同学交流。通过参与和互动， 你们的英语水平才会得到不断提高。 5. 教材进一步丰富了文化教学的内容，包括我们的民族文化、英语国 家的文化和非英语国家的文化。通过文化内容的学习，你们的视野会更开 阔，思想会更丰富，思维会更活跃，交流会更得体。 要想学好英语，光靠课本是不够的，你们还需要继续接触更多的英语 学习资源。学习英语没有捷径，只有多听、多说、多读、多写、多记、多 用才是最有效的办法。因此，你们要充分利用各种资源和机会来学习英 语。 同学们，继续努力吧！祝你们英语学习取得更大进步！ 编者 2012年12月 II Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling ➊ How can we become good learners? Page 1 Learning how to learn Talk about how to study Verb + by with gerund How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group. Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups. ability, att ention, brain, conversation, expression, grammar, knowledge, note, pronunciation, secret, speed, textbook connect, create, discover, increase, pronounce, repeat, review active, patient pay att ention to, connect ... with, fall in love with work, read, listen, ask, help, study, watch, practice, improve, under- stand, learn, develop, remember, prepare be interested in, look up, be good at, in common, get bored, fi nd out, take notes, learn from How questions ➋ I think that mooncakes are delicious! Page 9 Festivals Give a personal reaction Objective clauses with that, if and whether Exclamatory statements I know that the Water Festival is really fun. I wonder if they’ll have the races again next year. I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong. What fun the Water Festival is! How prett y the dragon boats were! business, Christmas, dessert, fool, garden, novel, present, pound, relative, stranger, tie, treat, warmth admire, lay, lie, punish, spread, steal, warn wash away, lay out, dress up, put on fantastic, crowded, delicious, fun, traditional, prett y, beautiful, exciting, interesting, special, scary, popular be similar to, remind ... of ➌ Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Page 17 Gett ing around Ask for information politely Follow directions Objective clauses with wh- questions Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine? Sure. Th ere’s a supermarket down the street. Could you please tell me how to get to the post offi ce? Sorry, I’m not sure how to get there. I wonder where we should go next. You should try that new ride over there. address, bathroom, choice, corner, direction, postcard, restroom, speaker, stamp rush, suggest central, convenient, correct, direct, east, polite, underground money, magazine, dictionary, dinner, newspaper, information, town, shoes, bookstore, supermarket, bank, park, ride, restaurant, post offi ce, library, museum excuse me, go along, turn right/ left , second/third fl oor, next to Modal verbs Contents Page PB III Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling ➊ How can we become good learners? Page 1 Learning how to learn Talk about how to study Verb + by with gerund How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group. Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups. ability, att ention, brain, conversation, expression, grammar, knowledge, note, pronunciation, secret, speed, textbook connect, create, discover, increase, pronounce, repeat, review active, patient pay att ention to, connect ... with, fall in love with work, read, listen, ask, help, study, watch, practice, improve, under- stand, learn, develop, remember, prepare be interested in, look up, be good at, in common, get bored, fi nd out, take notes, learn from How questions ➋ I think that mooncakes are delicious! Page 9 Festivals Give a personal reaction Objective clauses with that, if and whether Exclamatory statements I know that the Water Festival is really fun. I wonder if they’ll have the races again next year. I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong. What fun the Water Festival is! How prett y the dragon boats were! business, Christmas, dessert, fool, garden, novel, present, pound, relative, stranger, tie, treat, warmth admire, lay, lie, punish, spread, steal, warn wash away, lay out, dress up, put on fantastic, crowded, delicious, fun, traditional, prett y, beautiful, exciting, interesting, special, scary, popular be similar to, remind ... of ➌ Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Page 17 Gett ing around Ask for information politely Follow directions Objective clauses with wh- questions Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine? Sure. Th ere’s a supermarket down the street. Could you please tell me how to get to the post offi ce? Sorry, I’m not sure how to get there. I wonder where we should go next. You should try that new ride over there. address, bathroom, choice, corner, direction, postcard, restroom, speaker, stamp rush, suggest central, convenient, correct, direct, east, polite, underground money, magazine, dictionary, dinner, newspaper, information, town, shoes, bookstore, supermarket, bank, park, ride, restaurant, post offi ce, library, museum excuse me, go along, turn right/ left , second/third fl oor, next to Modal verbs IV Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling ➍ I used to be afraid of the dark. Page 25 How we have changed Talk about what you used to be like Used to I used to be short. I didn’t use to be popular in school. You used to be short, didn’t you? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. Did he use to wear glasses? Yes, he did./No, he didn’t. ant, background, examination, guard, introduction, pride, score, speech fail, infl uence, interview, require absent, general, helpful, humorous, private, proud, silent be proud of, from time to time, take pride in, deal with, in person tall, short, outgoing, funny, shy, serious, quiet, friendly, active, brave, thin, strong, famous, popular, afraid, normal straight/curly hair, wear glasses, pay att ention to Present perfect tense ➎ What are the shirts made of? Page 33 Th ings made in China Talk about what products are made of and where they were made Passive voice (present tense) Are your shirts made of cott on? Yes, they are. And they were made in the US. What’s the model plane made of? It’s made of used wood and glass. How is tea grown? It’s planted on the sides of mountains. balloon, blouse, cap, chopstick, coin, fork, form, glass, glove, grass, handbag, heat, leaf, material, product, scissors, steel, surface avoid, complete, paint, process international, lively, local no matt er, even though stamp, wood, gold, paper, silk, model plane, painting, tea, mountain, health, business, camera, clothes, watch, toy, kite, festival, competition, art, bamboo Objective clauses ➏ When was it invented? Page 41 Inventions Talk about the history of inventions Passive voice (past tense) When was the zipper invented? It was invented in 1893. Who was it invented by? It was invented by Whitcomb Judson. What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for? It’s used for serving really cold ice- cream. basket, customer, fridge, hero, instrument, doubt, pioneer, pleasure, project, purpose, smell, style, website divide, list, mention, produce, translate by accident, by mistake, look up to, take place, without doubt, all of a sudden invention, TV, car, telephone, special, ice-cream, shoes, tea, century, country, inventor, potato chip, history, mistake, basketball, idea invent, discover, create popular, sweet, salty It is said that ... It is believed that ... ➐ Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Page 49 Rules Talk about what you are allowed to do Agree and disagree Should + be allowed to Modal verbs used in the passive voice I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. I agree. Th ey aren’t serious enough. Teenagers must not be allowed to have part-time jobs. I disagree. Th ey can learn a lot from working. part-time job, chance, community, license, safety, society cry, educate, enter, hug, lift , manage, regret, smoke, support get in the way of, keep away from, talk/shout back, make one’s own decision parent, decision, rule, test, choice drive, choose, work, agree, disagree, decide young, silly, serious, old, strict, worried take photos, move out, take care of, look aft er, care about Adverbial clauses with when Page PB V Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling ➍ I used to be afraid of the dark. Page 25 How we have changed Talk about what you used to be like Used to I used to be short. I didn’t use to be popular in school. You used to be short, didn’t you? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. Did he use to wear glasses? Yes, he did./No, he didn’t. ant, background, examination, guard, introduction, pride, score, speech fail, infl uence, interview, require absent, general, helpful, humorous, private, proud, silent be proud of, from time to time, take pride in, deal with, in person tall, short, outgoing, funny, shy, serious, quiet, friendly, active, brave, thin, strong, famous, popular, afraid, normal straight/curly hair, wear glasses, pay att ention to Present perfect tense ➎ What are the shirts made of? Page 33 Th ings made in China Talk about what products are made of and where they were made Passive voice (present tense) Are your shirts made of cott on? Yes, they are. And they were made in the US. What’s the model plane made of? It’s made of used wood and glass. How is tea grown? It’s planted on the sides of mountains. balloon, blouse, cap, chopstick, coin, fork, form, glass, glove, grass, handbag, heat, leaf, material, product, scissors, steel, surface avoid, complete, paint, process international, lively, local no matt er, even though stamp, wood, gold, paper, silk, model plane, painting, tea, mountain, health, business, camera, clothes, watch, toy, kite, festival, competition, art, bamboo Objective clauses ➏ When was it invented? Page 41 Inventions Talk about the history of inventions Passive voice (past tense) When was the zipper invented? It was invented in 1893. Who was it invented by? It was invented by Whitcomb Judson. What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for? It’s used for serving really cold ice- cream. basket, customer, fridge, hero, instrument, doubt, pioneer, pleasure, project, purpose, smell, style, website divide, list, mention, produce, translate by accident, by mistake, look up to, take place, without doubt, all of a sudden invention, TV, car, telephone, special, ice-cream, shoes, tea, century, country, inventor, potato chip, history, mistake, basketball, idea invent, discover, create popular, sweet, salty It is said that ... It is believed that ... ➐ Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Page 49 Rules Talk about what you are allowed to do Agree and disagree Should + be allowed to Modal verbs used in the passive voice I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. I agree. Th ey aren’t serious enough. Teenagers must not be allowed to have part-time jobs. I disagree. Th ey can learn a lot from working. part-time job, chance, community, license, safety, society cry, educate, enter, hug, lift , manage, regret, smoke, support get in the way of, keep away from, talk/shout back, make one’s own decision parent, decision, rule, test, choice drive, choose, work, agree, disagree, decide young, silly, serious, old, strict, worried take photos, move out, take care of, look aft er, care about Adverbial clauses with when VI Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling ➑ It must belong to Carla. Page 57 Mysteries Make inferences Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences Whose volleyball is this? It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball. Whose hair band is this? It could be Mei’s hair band. Or it might belong to Linda. Th ey both have long hair. What did you see that night? I’m not sure, but it can’t be a dog. circle, coat, enemy, laboratory, leader, noise, picnic, policeman, rabbit, truck, period, suit, victory att end, express, prevent, receive medical, valuable anybody, somebody, whose not only ... but also volleyball, magazine, book, CD, toy, music, schoolbag, idea remember, believe, think, agree favorite, unusual, strange, special, nervous, worried thousands of, run aft er Adverbial clauses with but, however and as ➒ I like music that I can dance to. Page 65 Music and movies Express preferences Relative clauses with that, who and which What kind of music do you like? I love music that/which I can sing along with. What kind of movies do you like? I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about. What kind of musicians does Carmen like? She likes musicians who play diff erent kinds of music. dialogue, director, master, pain, pity, praise, total, war, wound perform, prefer, refl ect, sense, shut, suppose national, plenty, smooth, electronic, spare in that case, plenty of, in total dance, sing, relax, laugh, enjoy, like, love, prefer loud, quiet, slow, funny, serious, down, tired, sad, exciting, scary, happy, comfortable, sweet, salty, interesting, beautiful, favorite don’t mind, feel like, cheer up ➓ You’re supposed to shake hands. Page 73 Customs Talk about customs and what you are supposed to do Supposed to + infi nitive What are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the fi rst time? You’re supposed to shake hands. Am I supposed to wear jeans? No, you’re expected to wear a suit and tie. Is it important to be on time? Yes, it’s important to be on time. blackboard, capital, chalk, coast, kiss, noon, passport, season, suggestion, traffi c, value, worth behave, greet, knock, value drop by, get mad, make an eff ort, go out of one’s way, make ... feel at home kiss, meet, wear, arrive, behave late, polite, impolite, important, strange shake hands, on time Should for advice If clauses Sad movies make me cry. Page 81 Feelings Talk about how things aff ect you Make + sb. + infi nitive without to Make + sb. + adjective Th e loud music makes me nervous. Money and fame don’t always make people happy. She said that the sad movie made her feel like crying. agreement, coach, courage, friendship, goal, lemon, palace, queen, king, shoulder, wealth, weight cancel, examine, kick, nod the more ... the more, neither ... nor, leave out, let ... down, kick off , be hard on oneself, rather than, pull together rainy, cloudy, sad, uncomfortable, comfortable, soft , relaxed, loud, nervous, sleepy, mad, unhappy, worried, angry, lucky drive ... crazy, in common, even though Passive voice Page PB VII Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling ➑ It must belong to Carla. Page 57 Mysteries Make inferences Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences Whose volleyball is this? It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball. Whose hair band is this? It could be Mei’s hair band. Or it might belong to Linda. Th ey both have long hair. What did you see that night? I’m not sure, but it can’t be a dog. circle, coat, enemy, laboratory, leader, noise, picnic, policeman, rabbit, truck, period, suit, victory att end, express, prevent, receive medical, valuable anybody, somebody, whose not only ... but also volleyball, magazine, book, CD, toy, music, schoolbag, idea remember, believe, think, agree favorite, unusual, strange, special, nervous, worried thousands of, run aft er Adverbial clauses with but, however and as ➒ I like music that I can dance to. Page 65 Music and movies Express preferences Relative clauses with that, who and which What kind of music do you like? I love music that/which I can sing along with. What kind of movies do you like? I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about. What kind of musicians does Carmen like? She likes musicians who play diff erent kinds of music. dialogue, director, master, pain, pity, praise, total, war, wound perform, prefer, refl ect, sense, shut, suppose national, plenty, smooth, electronic, spare in that case, plenty of, in total dance, sing, relax, laugh, enjoy, like, love, prefer loud, quiet, slow, funny, serious, down, tired, sad, exciting, scary, happy, comfortable, sweet, salty, interesting, beautiful, favorite don’t mind, feel like, cheer up ➓ You’re supposed to shake hands. Page 73 Customs Talk about customs and what you are supposed to do Supposed to + infi nitive What are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the fi rst time? You’re supposed to shake hands. Am I supposed to wear jeans? No, you’re expected to wear a suit and tie. Is it important to be on time? Yes, it’s important to be on time. blackboard, capital, chalk, coast, kiss, noon, passport, season, suggestion, traffi c, value, worth behave, greet, knock, value drop by, get mad, make an eff ort, go out of one’s way, make ... feel at home kiss, meet, wear, arrive, behave late, polite, impolite, important, strange shake hands, on time Should for advice If clauses Sad movies make me cry. Page 81 Feelings Talk about how things aff ect you Make + sb. + infi nitive without to Make + sb. + adjective Th e loud music makes me nervous. Money and fame don’t always make people happy. She said that the sad movie made her feel like crying. agreement, coach, courage, friendship, goal, lemon, palace, queen, king, shoulder, wealth, weight cancel, examine, kick, nod the more ... the more, neither ... nor, leave out, let ... down, kick off , be hard on oneself, rather than, pull together rainy, cloudy, sad, uncomfortable, comfortable, soft , relaxed, loud, nervous, sleepy, mad, unhappy, worried, angry, lucky drive ... crazy, in common, even though Passive voice VIII Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling Life is full of the unexpected. Page 89 Bad days Narrate past events Review of key structures When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home. When I woke up, it was already 8:00 a.m. Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left . As I was waiting in line with the other offi ce workers, I heard a loud sound. backpack, bean, block, boss, course, cream, discovery, east, lady, market, offi cer, pie, west, worker burn, miss, oversleep give ... a lift , take off , take place bus, shower, key, clock, plane, bus stop, airport, earthquake, joke wake up, brush one’s teeth, wash one’s face, miss, go off , get dressed, show up, get up late, stay up, put on Simple past tense Adverbial clauses We’re trying to save the earth! Page 97 Protecting the environment Talk about pollution and environmental protection Review of key structures We’re trying to save the earth. Th e river used to be so clean. It was considered the nicest river in town. Th e air has become really polluted. advantage, bott le, bott om, coal, cost, fi sherman, gate, industry, law, metal, method, president aff ord, cost, litt er, recycle harmful, low, public, ugly, wooden cut off , make a diff erence clean up, take the bus/subway, ride a bike, cut down, throw away, pull down, set up Present progressive tense Present perfect tense Passive voice I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. Page 105 School days Share past memories and experiences Look ahead to the future Review of key structures I think that I’ll have to study much harder for exams. I’m going to join the school volleyball team. I remember being a volunteer. I’m looking forward to going to senior high school. degree, gentleman, instruction, keyboard, level, manager, row, secretary, standard, survey, task, text, wing congradulate, double, separate, shall, overcome in a row, make a mess, believe in, be responsible for no matt er, fi rst of all, full of, deal with, be proud of, give up, along with, set out, grow up, work out Objective clauses Be going to Page 113 Grammar Page 119 Words and Expressions in Each Unit Page 132 Vocabulary Index Page 143 Irregular Verbs Page PB IX Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling Life is full of the unexpected. Page 89 Bad days Narrate past events Review of key structures When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home. When I woke up, it was already 8:00 a.m. Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left . As I was waiting in line with the other offi ce workers, I heard a loud sound. backpack, bean, block, boss, course, cream, discovery, east, lady, market, offi cer, pie, west, worker burn, miss, oversleep give ... a lift , take off , take place bus, shower, key, clock, plane, bus stop, airport, earthquake, joke wake up, brush one’s teeth, wash one’s face, miss, go off , get dressed, show up, get up late, stay up, put on Simple past tense Adverbial clauses We’re trying to save the earth! Page 97 Protecting the environment Talk about pollution and environmental protection Review of key structures We’re trying to save the earth. Th e river used to be so clean. It was considered the nicest river in town. Th e air has become really polluted. advantage, bott le, bott om, coal, cost, fi sherman, gate, industry, law, metal, method, president aff ord, cost, litt er, recycle harmful, low, public, ugly, wooden cut off , make a diff erence clean up, take the bus/subway, ride a bike, cut down, throw away, pull down, set up Present progressive tense Present perfect tense Passive voice I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. Page 105 School days Share past memories and experiences Look ahead to the future Review of key structures I think that I’ll have to study much harder for exams. I’m going to join the school volleyball team. I remember being a volunteer. I’m looking forward to going to senior high school. degree, gentleman, instruction, keyboard, level, manager, row, secretary, standard, survey, task, text, wing congradulate, double, separate, shall, overcome in a row, make a mess, believe in, be responsible for no matt er, fi rst of all, full of, deal with, be proud of, give up, along with, set out, grow up, work out Objective clauses Be going to Page 113 Grammar Page 119 Words and Expressions in Each Unit Page 132 Vocabulary Index Page 143 Irregular Verbs 1 Page PB Language Goal: Talk about how to study How can we become good learners? Section A UNIT 1 1c Make conversations about how you study for a test. A: How do you study for a test? B: I study by working with a group. 1a Check (✔) the ways you study English. Th en add other ways you sometimes study. Listen. How do these students study for a test? Write lett ers from 1a above.1b 1. Meiping 2. Peter 3. Tony I study by making word cards. a. by working with friends b. by making word cards c. by reading the textbook d. by listening to tapes e. by asking the teacher for help 2 UNIT 1 Listen again. Match each answer below with a question above.2b a. Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way. b. Oh, yes. It improves my speaking skills. c. I do that sometimes. I think it helps. d. No. It’s too hard to understand the voices. 2c Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2b. A: Have you ever studied with a group? B: Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way. Listen and check (✔) the questions you hear. 2a Questions Answers 1. Do you learn English by watching videos? 2. Do you ever practice conversations with friends? 3. What about listening to tapes? 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 5. Have you ever studied with a group? 2d Role-play the conversation. Jack: Annie, I’m a little nervous. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday. Annie: Th at doesn’t sound too bad. Jack: But I’m a very slow reader. Annie: For the fi rst time, just read quickly to get the main ideas. Don’t read word by word, read word groups. Jack: But I don’t understand many of the words. I have to use a dictionary. Annie: Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and aft er it. You probably understand more than you think. Jack: Th at sounds diffi cult! Annie: Well, be patient. It takes time. You can become bett er by reading something you enjoy every day. Th e more you read, the faster you’ll be. 3 How can we become good learners? Page PB UNIT 1 3a Read the passage about Wei Fen and answer the questions. 3b Complete the sentences with what Wei Fen learned from watching movies. Use words and phrases from the passage. 1. I can understand the meaning by watching their and the on their faces. 2. I can get the meaning by listening for just the . 3. My pronunciation improved by listening to the in English movies. 4. I learned sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” by watching the movies. 5. I can get the meaning of the new words by looking them up in a . 1. Why did Wei Fen fi nd it diffi cult to learn English? 2. What did she do in English class? 3. What is the secret to language learning? How I Learned to Learn English Last year, I did not like my English class. Every class was like a bad dream. Th e teacher spoke too quickly. But I was afraid to ask questions because my pronunciation was very bad. So I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything. Th en one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie! So then I began to watch other English movies as well. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning. I also realized I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. My pronunciation also improved by listening to the interesting conversations in English movies. I discovered that listening to something you are interested in is the secret to language learning. I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.” I did not understand these sentences at fi rst. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked up the words in a dictionary. Now I really enjoy my English class. I want to learn new words and more grammar. Th en I can have a bett er understanding of English movies. 4 UNIT 1 I learn English by ... My partner learns English by ... yes no how often yes no how often doing grammar exercises. taking notes in English. reading English books/magazines. writing in an English diary. using an English dictionary. ... How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group. Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups. How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes. Grammar Fo c u s 4c Check (✔) what you do to learn English. Th en interview your partner. 4a Match the questions and answers. How do you practice speaking? By watching English programs. How do you learn new words? By listening to a tape and repeating out loud. How do you improve your writing? By having conversations with friends. How do you practice listening? By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot. How do you improve your pronunciation? By making word cards. How do you learn grammar? By writing e-mails to my pen pals. A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises? B: Yes, I do. A: How oft en do you do them? B: ... 4b Complete these statements. Use information that is true for you. a. I like to practice my English by . b. I like to learn math by . c. I like to practice my physics by . d. I like to improve my chemistry by . e. I like to practice my Chinese by . f. I like to improve my history and geography by . taking notes / reading books and newspapers / speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns 5 How can we become good learners? Page PB UNIT 1 Section B 1e Role-play conversations using the information in 1c and 1d. A: I don’t have a partner to practice English with. B: Maybe you should join an English club. Learning English can be diffi cult. What things are diffi cult for you? Read the list. Check (✔) the statements that are true for you. 1a I can’t pronounce some of the words. I can’t understand spoken English. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed. I can’t spell some English words. I make mistakes in grammar. 1b What other things are diffi cult for you? Make a list. 1. 2. 3. I don’t know enough words to write well. Listen again. Complete the solutions.1d Solutions 1. can help. 2. He can always in his notebook and study them at home. 3. He can to practice speaking. 4. He should fi nd a to practice writing. Paul fi nds it diffi cult to learn English. Listen and complete the learning challenges he talks about. 1c Challenges 1. He can’t get the right. 2. He a lot of new words. 3. He can’t always when people talk to him. 4. He doesn’t get much practice. 6 UNIT 1 2a What good learning habits can you think of? Discuss them with your partner. How Can You Become a Successful Learner? Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. Research shows that successful learners have some good habits in common. Creating an interest in what they learn Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay att ention to it for a long time. Good learners oft en connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. For example, if they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English. Th is way they will not get bored. Practicing and learning from mistakes Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more. Remember, “use it or lose it”! Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. Practice makes perfect. Good learners are also not afraid of making mistakes. Alexander Graham Bell did not invent the telephone overnight. He succeeded by trying many times and learning from his mistakes. Developing their study skills It is not enough to just study hard. You have to know how to study. Good learners fi nd out the best ways to learn well. For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps. Good learners also look for ways to review what they have learned. Th ey may do this by reading their notes every day or by explaining the information to another student. Asking questions Good learners oft en ask questions during or aft er class. Th ey even ask each other and try to fi nd out the answers. Knowledge comes from questioning. Learning is a life-long journey because every day brings something new. Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well. 2b Read the passage quickly. Which four habits of successful learners are mentioned? USING DICTIONARIES This can help you fi nd the defi nition that matches the context of the word in the text. 7 How can we become good learners? Page PB UNIT 1 3a Your friend wants to improve his/her English and asks you for help. What are the three best ways to learn and why? Make some notes in the chart. Best ways to learn Reasons Examples 1. 2. 3. 2c Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. Does the writer think that everyone is born with the ability to learn well? Do you agree? Why or why not? 2. Why is it a good idea to connect something you need to learn with some- thing you are interested in? 3. What do the sayings “use it or lose it” and “practice makes perfect” mean? Do you agree with them? 4. Do good learners learn from mistakes or are they afraid of making mistakes? 5. What study skills does the writer talk about? Do you have those study skills? 6. Do you agree that learning is a life-long journey? Why or why not? 2d Find the following words from the passage in the dictionary. Th en write a sentence using each word in the context of the reading. brain n. connect v. overnight adv. att ention n. review v. knowledge n. ability n. active adj. wisely adv. e.g. brain: A good way to train the brain is to do some math exercises every day. 2e Can you think of other ways to become a successful learner? Discuss with your group and share your ideas with the class. A: I think another way to become a successful learner is by trying to think about the same thing in diff erent ways. B: I agree. I believe that ... 8 UNIT 1 3b Write a lett er to your friend. Give him/her some advice about the best ways to learn English. Use your notes in 3a. Dear ..., There are three good ways to learn English. The fi rst way is ... The second way is ... The third way is ... Your friend, ... Try to use the following expressions: I think you should ... If you do this, you will ... It is also a good idea to ... because ... You could try to improve your English by ... Th is will help you to ... Self Check 1 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. 3 Give advice to these people. 2 Number these sentences in order to make a conversation. 1. Jane is a very slow reader. She should improve her reading speed . 2. Li Ming wants to improve his listening. He could practice his listening . 3. Meiping doesn’t know many English words. She could learn more words . Are you out each time you have a test? You don’t have to be if you smart study skills. Remember to notes in class and review them on your own or with friends aft er class. Th en what you learned by doing . Try to study and information bit by bit instead of waiting the last minute to study at once. If you well for a test, then there’s nothing to about! practice develop remember prepare take until worry everything stressed exercises What’s the matt er? Well, I practice my listening by listening to the tape over and over again until I can understand everything. So you want to practice your listening? Hi, Jake, I need your help. Uh-huh. Do you have any advice? OK, I’ll try that. I have a listening test next week. 9 Page PB Language Goal: Give a personal reaction I think that mooncakes are delicious! Section A UNIT 2 1a Match the pictures with the descriptions. 1. Bill thinks that the races were not that interesting to watch. T F 2. Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic. T F 3. Bill wonders whether they’ll have the sweet rice dumplings again next year. T F 4. Bill and Mary believe that they’ll be back next year to watch the races. T F Listen and circle T for true or F for false.1b 1c Talk about the festivals in 1a. A: What do you like best about the Dragon Boat Festival? B: I love the races. I think that they’re fun to watch. 1. Th e Water Festival in Th ailand 2. Th e Dragon Boat Festival in Hong Kong 3. Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing 4. Th e Lantern Festival in Jiangxi ca d b What a great day! What did you like best? I loved the races! But I guess that it was a little crowded. 10 UNIT 2 2d Role-play the conversation. Listen to the conversation between Wu Ming and Harry and circle the correct words in the sentences. 2a 1. Wu Ming and Harry are cousins / strangers / friends. 2. Wu Ming went to Singapore / Hong Kong / Macao for his vacation. 3. He visited his relatives / friends / classmates. 4. He enjoyed eating out / shopping / the Dragon Boat Festival best. Wu Ming did a lot of fun activities, but these also have down sides. Listen again and fi ll in the chart. 2b Fun activities Down sides Eating out Shopping Dragon Boat Festival in June 2c Role-play conversations between Wu Ming and Harry. Use the information in 2a and 2b or make up your own conversations. A: What did you do on your vacation? B: I visited my cousins. I think that we ate fi ve meals a day! I’ve put on fi ve pounds! A: I guess the food was delicious, right? Clara: Guess what? I’m going to Chiang Mai in two weeks. Ben: Wow, sounds like fun! But I believe that April is the hott est month of the year there. Clara: Yes, that’s true. But there’s a Water Festival from April 13th to 15th. Ben: I wonder if it’s similar to the water festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province. Clara: Yes, I think so. Th is is the time of the Th ai New Year. People go on the streets to throw water at each other. Ben: Cool! But why do they do that? Clara: Because the new year is a time for cleaning and washing away bad things. Th en you’ll have good luck in the new year. 11 I think that mooncakes are delicious! Page PB UNIT 2 3b Read the passage again. Put the events in the correct order. Feng Meng tried to steal the medicine. A goddess thanked Hou Yi by giving him a magic medicine. Chang’e refused to give Feng Meng the medicine and drank it all. Hou Yi shot down the nine suns and saved the people on the earth. Hou Yi was very sad and watched the moon at night, and wished his wife could come back. As a result, Chang’e became light and flew up to the sky. Hou Yi planned to drink the medicine with his wife. 1 3c Without looking at the passage, try to complete the sentences with the correct words. 1. People like to a the full moon on Mid-Autumn night. 2. The story of Chang’e is one of many t folk stories. 3. Hou Yi got a m medicine for shooting down the nine suns. 4. Feng Meng wanted to s the medicine. 5. Hou Yi l out fruits and desserts in the garden. 3a Read the passage about Mid-Autumn Festival and answer the questions. 1. How do people celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival? 2. What do mooncakes look like? What meaning do they carry? 3. What story is the reading about? Full Moon, Full Feelings Chinese people have been celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries. Mooncakes have the shape of a full moon on mid-autumn night. They carry people’s wishes to the families they love and miss. There are many traditional folk stories about this festival. However, most people think that the story of Chang’e is the most touching. Chang’e was Hou Yi’s beautiful wife. After Hou Yi shot down the nine suns, a goddess gave him a magic medicine to thank him. Whoever drank this could live forever, and Hou Yi planned to drink it with Chang’e. However, a bad man, Feng Meng, tried to steal the medicine when Hou Yi was not home. Chang’e refused to give it to him and drank it all. She became very light and flew up to the moon. Hou Yi was so sad that he called out her name to the moon every night. One night, he found that the moon was so bright and round that he could see his wife there. He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden. How he wished that Chang’e could come back! After this, people started the tradition of admiring the moon and sharing mooncakes with their families. 12 UNIT 2 I know that the Water Festival is really fun. What fun the Water Festival is! I wonder if they’ll have the races again next year. How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong. How pretty the dragon boats were! I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand. How delicious the food is in Hong Kong! Grammar Fo c u s 4b Read the passage below and underline the objective clauses. Th en write your own sentences about Mother’s Day and Father’s Day using objective clauses. Dear Xia Yu, Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America? One is Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May and the other is Father’s Day on the third Sunday of June. On these two days, American children oft en give gift s to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner. Common gift s are fl owers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers. I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mother’s Day and Father’s Day in China. I wonder if children over there also give similar gift s to their parents. I believe that there are many ways to show our love. Actually, we don’t have to spend a lot of money. It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead. June 4c Which festival do you like best? Ask your group and report to the class. e.g. In our group, David’s favorite festival is ... He thinks that ... 4a Write sentences using the words given. e.g. think/Lantern Festival/beautiful 1. don’t know/whether/he/come home/for the festival 2. believe/Water Festival/most/fun 3. wonder/if/mooncakes/delicious 4. how/exciting/races 5. what/interesting/city I think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful. 13 I think that mooncakes are delicious! Page PB UNIT 2 Section B 1d What do you think of Halloween? Discuss your ideas with a partner. Look at the pictures and words related to Halloween. What do you think this festival is about? 1a scary dress up haunted house black cat candy ghost trick or treat October spider Listen and answer the questions.1b 1. Where is Halloween popular? 2. When do people celebrate Halloween? 3. What does Wu Yu think of this festival? Listen and fill in the blanks.1c 1. Many people make their look scary. They may the lights and light candles. They also put things like spiders and ghosts around the doors and . 2. Little kids and even parents as ghosts or black cats. They can also as fun things like characters. 3. Parents take their children the neighborhood to ask for and treats. 4. “Trick or treat” means kids will a trick on you if you don’t them a treat. I guess it’s quite fun. But I wonder whether I’d be too scared. What do you think of Halloween? I think it’s a fun festival! 14 UNIT 2 Th e Spirit of Christmas Many would agree that when we think of Christmas, we probably think of gift s, Christmas trees and Santa Claus. But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas: the importance of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us. Th e story in A Christmas Carol is perhaps the best example of this. A Christmas Carol is a famous novel writt en by Charles Dickens. It is about an old man named Scrooge who never laughs or smiles. He is mean and only thinks about himself, and doesn’t treat others nicely. He just cares about whether he can make more money. And he hates Christmas. One Christmas Eve, Scrooge sees the ghost of Jacob Marley, his dead business partner. Marley used to be just like Scrooge, so he was punished aft er he died. He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesn’t want to end up like him. He also tells Scrooge to expect three spirits to visit him. Th at night, three ghosts visit Scrooge. First, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes him back to his childhood and reminds Scrooge of his happier days as a child. Th en the second spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Present, takes him to see how others are spending Christmas this year. Everyone is happy, even poor people. Th e last one, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, takes him to the future. He sees that he is dead but nobody cares. Scrooge is so scared that he wakes up in his bed and fi nds out it is already the next morning on Christmas Day! He decides to change his life and promises to be a bett er person. He happily celebrates Christmas with his relatives. He also gives gift s to people in need. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes. And that is the true spirit of Christmas! 2b Read the passage about Christmas and answer the questions. 1. What are the common things that people think of for Christmas? 2. Who wrote A Christmas Carol? 3. What is the true meaning or spirit of Christmas? 2a Do you know when these special days are? Try to match each day with the correct date. Christmas Fourth Th ursday in November April Fool’s Day February 14th Halloween April 1st St. Valentine’s Day October 31st Th anksgiving December 25th INFERRING This means you have to “read between the lines” to get the meanings that are not clearly stated in a text. 15 I think that mooncakes are delicious! Page PB UNIT 2 2c Read the passage again and complete the chart. What does Scrooge see when he’s with ... the Ghost of Christmas Past? the Ghost of Christmas Present? the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come? 3a Your English-speaking pen pal wants to know about your favorite Chinese festival. Make some notes about the festival. What is the name of the festival? When is it? What do people eat? What do people do? Why do you like it so much? 2e What else do you know about Christmas? Make a list of things that you know about this festival with your group. Use the questions to help you. When is this festival? Why do people celebrate it? Who do they celebrate it with? Do they eat or drink anything special? What other things do they do as part of the celebrations? Do you know any old stories about this festival? How do people feel when they celebrate it? 2d Answer the questions. Some answers need to be inferred. 1. Why does Scrooge hate Christmas? 2. Does Scrooge have a lot of friends? Why or why not? 3. Why was Jacob Marley punished aft er he died? 4. Does Jacob Marley want to help Scrooge? How do you know? 5. What does Scrooge do aft er seeing the three spirits? 16 UNIT 2 Dear ..., My favorite Chinese festival is ... It is celebrated in/on ... During this festival, people ... They eat ... It is my favorite festival because ... It makes me feel ... ... Self Check 3b Write a lett er to your pen pal and tell him/her about your favorite Chinese festival. Use your notes in 3a. In your letter: First, introduce the festival and when it is celebrated.  en talk about what people do and eat. Finally, explain why you like it best and how it makes you feel. 2 Rewrite these sentences as exclamations. 1. Th e mooncakes are delicious. ➠ How ! 2. Th e festival will be fun. ➠ What ! 3. Th is concert is boring. ➠ How ! 4. I’m really excited. ➠ How ! 5. Th e band played really loud music. ➠ What ! 3 Make sentences about a festival/festivals you like using these words + that/whether/if. I think . I know . I believe . I wonder . 1 Complete the passage with the words in the box. Many Western countries celebrate Easter. Th is holiday is always on a Sunday March 22nd and April 25th. It celebrates the birth of new life. Hens eggs, giving birth to life. So an egg is a symbol of new life. A popular activity during Easter is to hide eggs around your home or for friends or to fi nd. Th ese can be real eggs, but they are more oft en chocolate eggs. Not only do people them around in diff erent hiding places for an egg hunt, but they also give out these as gift s. So just like Christmas, Easter creates good for supermarkets and chocolate stores. garden spread between treats business lay relatives 17 Page PB Language Goals: Ask for information politely; Follow directions Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Section A UNIT 3 1c Make conversations using the information in 1a. Th en talk about your own city. A: Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the bookstore? B: Sure, just go along Main Street until you pass Center Street. Th e bookstore is on your right, next to the bank. A: Th anks. Do you know when they close today? B: Th ey close at 7:00 p.m. today. 1a Where can you do the things below? Match each thing with a place in the picture. Many diff erent answers are possible. Listen and complete the conversations in the picture in 1a.1b get some money get some information about the town get some magazines buy a newspaper have dinner buy some stamps get a dictionary get a pair of shoes b c a e d b f Excuse me, do you know where I can (4) ? Sure. There’s a (5) on (6) . Yes. There’s a (2) on (3) .Excuse me, could you tell me where I can (1) ? 18 UNIT 3 Listen again. Show how the boy walks to the supermarket. Draw a line in the picture above. 2b A: Excuse me, do you know where I can get some postcards? B: Sure. Go to the second fl oor. Th ere’s a bookstore between the bank and the supermarket. 2c Make conversations about the other places in the picture in 2a. Listen. You will hear some of the directions below. Number the directions in the order that you hear them. 2a Go to the third fl oor. Turn left . Go to the second fl oor. Turn right. Th e supermarket is between the fl ower store and the bookstore. Go past the bookstore. 1 2d Role-play the conversation. He Wei: Th is is Fun Times Park — the biggest amusement park in my city! Alice: I’m excited to try the rides! He Wei: Where should we start? Th ere’s Space World, Water World, Animal World ... Alice: Oh, could you tell me where the restrooms are fi rst? He Wei: Pardon? Restroom? You already want to rest? But we haven’t even started yet! Alice: Oh no, I don’t mean a room for resting. I mean ... you know, a washroom or bathroom. He Wei: Hmm ... so you mean ... the toilets? Alice: Yes! Sorry, maybe the word “restroom” is not commonly used in China. He Wei: Right, we normally say “toilets” or “washrooms”. Th ey’re just over there. Alice: OK. I’ll be quick! I wonder when the park closes today. He Wei: Nine-thirty, so you don’t need to rush! 19 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Page PB UNIT 3 3a Read the conversation and answer the questions below. Fun Times Park — Always a Fun Time! [Alice and He Wei are in Space World] Alice: I wonder where we should go next. He Wei: How about that new ride over there? Alice: Oh ... it looks prett y scary. He Wei: Come on! I promise it’ll be fun! If you’re afraid, just shout or hold my hand. [Aft er the ride] Alice: You were right, that was fun! I was scared at fi rst, but shouting really did help. He Wei: See, that wasn’t so bad, right? You never know until you try something. Alice: Yes, I’m so glad I tried it. Now I know I can do it and it’s actually fun! He Wei: Do you want to go to Water World now? Alice: Sure, but I’m really hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food quickly? He Wei: Of course! I suggest Water City Restaurant in Water World. It’s a fast food place. It serves delicious hamburgers and hot dogs. Alice: Th at sounds perfect! [On their way to Water City Restaurant, Alice and He Wei pass by Uncle Bob’s.] Alice: Oh, look! Th is restaurant looks interesting. It seems a rock band plays there every evening. He Wei: Maybe we can come here for dinner later. Let’s ask what time the band starts. [Alice and He Wei walk up to a staff person at the door.] He Wei: Excuse me, could you tell us when the band starts playing this evening? Staff : Eight o’clock. It’s always busy, so come a litt le earlier to get a table. He Wei: OK, thanks! 1. Why did Alice not want to go on the new ride? How did she feel aft er the ride? 2. What is special about Uncle Bob’s restaurant? Should Alice and He Wei get there early for dinner? Why? 3c Find sentences in 3a with similar meanings to the ones below. 1. You’ll enjoy it for sure. 2. You need to do something before you know what it’s like. 3. It looks like there’s live rock music there every night. 3b Underline the questions or statements in the conversation that ask for information. Rewrite them in a diff erent way. e.g. I wonder where we should go next. Could you tell me where we could go next? 20 UNIT 3 Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine? Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street. Could you please tell me how to get to the post offi ce? Sorry, I’m not sure how to get there. Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening? It starts at 8:00 p.m. I wonder where we should go next. You should try that new ride over there. Grammar Fo c u s 4a Rewrite the questions to make them more polite. 1. Tim is very hungry. Could you tell me where I can get something to eat? Excuse me, would you mind telling me how I can get to a nearby restaurant? Pardon me, do you know if there’s a restaurant around here? 4b What should each person ask in the following situations? 2. Sally needs to mail a lett er. 3. Kevin would like to call his friend. 4. Helen needs to know when the bike shop closes. 5. Ben is wondering if there’s a bank in the shopping center. 4c Write fi ve questions that a tourist might ask about your city. Th en role- play conversations with your partner. 1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5. ? A: Excuse me, could you please tell me where the nearest bank is? B: Sure. You go east along this street ... 1. Where can I buy some grapes or other fruit? 2. How does this CD player work? 3. What time does the bank open? 4. How do I get to the Central Library? 5. Is the Italian restaurant nearby open on Mondays? 21 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Page PB UNIT 3 What qualities are important for each place? Write the words from the box next to each place below. Write the most important words fi rst. 1a Places Qualities 1. restroom clean, 2. museum 3. restaurant 4. park 5. subway 6. mall interesting fascinating inexpensive quiet uncrowded big beautiful convenient safe clean Section B 1e Role-play the conversations between the clerk and the tourists. A: Can you tell me where there’s a good place to eat? B: Of course. What kind of food do you like? A: ... Listen again. Check your answers in 1c.1d Listen to the conversations and complete the sentences.1c Conversation 1 Th e boy asks about , and the clerk tells him to go to Green Land. Conversation 2 Th e girl asks about , and the clerk tells her to go to the corner of Market and Middle . Conversation 3 Th e mother asks about . Th e father wants to go to a . Th e girl wants to go to a . Th e boy wants to go to a . Th e older girl wants to go to an . Th e clerk tells them to go to the . 1b Talk about places in your city using the words in 1a. A: Th e Fine Arts Museum is really interesting. B: Yes, and it’s beautiful, too. 22 UNIT 3 Could You Please ...? When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely. For example, “Where are the restrooms?” or “Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?” are similar requests for directions to a place. Both are correct English, but the first one sounds less polite. That is because it is a very direct question. It is not enough to just ask a question correctly. We also need to learn how to be polite by being less direct — or more indirect — when we ask for help. In English, as in Chinese, we change the way we speak when we talk with diff erent people. Th e expressions you use might depend on whom you are speaking to or how well you know them. If you say to your teacher, “When is the school trip?”, this might sound impolite. But if you say, “Excuse me, Mr. West. Do you know when the school trip is?”, this will sound much more polite. However, it is all right to ask direct questions in some situations, like with your classmates. Usually polite questions are longer and include more language such as “Could you please ...?” or “Can I ask ...?” It sounds more polite to say, “Peter, could you please tell me your e-mail address?” than “Peter, tell me your e-mail address.” Sometimes we even need to spend time leading in to a request. For example, with a stranger on the street, we might fi rst say, “Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me” or “I’m sorry to trouble you, but ...” before asking for help. It might seem more diffi cult to speak politely than be direct. However, it is important to learn how to use proper language. Th is will also help you become bett er at English, or any other language you wish to speak. 2b Read the article and match each paragraph with its main idea. 2a Where do you need to make polite requests? Th ink of some possible situations. Discuss them with your partner. Use more words to help you sound more polite. It is important to know how to make requests politely. Good English speakers need to know how to speak politely. Th e choice of language depends on the situation and the relationship between the speakers. Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 USING SUITABLE LANGUAGE In different situations, you need to choose and use suitable language based on cultural knowledge. Pardon me, could you please tell me where to park my car? Sorry. I can’t help you. Sure. There’s an underground parking lot over there. Where’s the post offi ce? 23 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Page PB UNIT 3 3a Imagine you are going on a short study vacation at a school in an English-speaking country. What would you like to know before you go? Write some polite, indirect questions about the following topics. Topic Question The course you will study The time of the course Where and what you can eat Where you will stay What activities you can do Travel to the school Other 2c Look at the requests and write two more. Describe a suitable situation for each one. Th en make the requests more polite. Request Suitable situation More polite request 1. “How much did you pay for that soccer ball?” A team player is asking another team player. “Could you please tell me how much you paid for that soccer ball?” 2. “I want to go to the library. Where is it?” 3. “Where are the restrooms?” 4. 5. 2d Read the requests below. In the second column, write A if you would say it to someone you know and B if you would say it to a stranger. In the last column, write where you think the people are talking. Request Person Place 1. Will you pass the salt? 2. Do you know what the answer to number 10 is? 3. Do you know where I can change some money, please? 4. Could you tell me what just happened? 5. Would you mind telling me where the nearest station is? 6. Excuse me, do you know what time it begins, please? 7. Let me know when you’re ready, OK? 8. Do you know what time we fi nish? 9. Could you possibly tell me the way to the village school? 10. Would you mind being quiet for a minute? 24 UNIT 3 3b Write a polite lett er to the school asking for the information you want to know. Use your notes in 3a. Dear Sir or Madam, I’ll be coming to your school soon for a short study vacation. I’d like to know more information about your school. I would like to thank you for helping me and I look forward to your reply. Yours faithfully, Self Check 1 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. In your lett er, you should: • introduce yourself • say when you are coming • politely ask for information • thank the person for helping you choice corner direct polite rush suggest plan 2 Write questions and answers using the words given. 1. A: Could you tell me where the library is? B: It’s on the of Main and Center Streets. 2. A: I wonder why you don’t wake up earlier in the morning. You’re always in a to get to school on time. B: Yes, you’re right. I need to my time bett er. 3. A: I want to buy some winter clothes. Could you tell me which place would be a good for me to go to? B: I Jenny’s Clothes Store in Century Shopping Mall. It’s convenient to get to. 4. In many countries, it is oft en not to ask very questions when you meet someone for the fi rst time. e.g. buy a magazine / bookstore on third fl oor Q: A: 1. get some stamps / post offi ce on Green Street Q: A: 2. shopping center opens / 10:00 a.m. Q: A: 3. get to the Japanese restaurant / go along Main Street and turn right on Lake Street Q: A: Could you please tell me where I can buy a magazine? There’s a bookstore on the third fl oor. 25 Page PB Language Goal: Talk about what you used to be like I used to be afraid of the dark. Section A UNIT 4 1c Look at the picture in 1a and make conversations. 1a Fill in the chart with words to describe people. A: Did Mario use to be short? B: Yes, he did. He used to be really short. A: What’s he like now? B: He’s tall now. Listen. Bob is seeing some friends for the fi rst time in four years. What did his friends use to look like? 1b 1. Mario used to be . He used to wear . 2. Amy used to be . She used to have . 3. Tina used to have and hair . Appearance Personality tall outgoing straight hair funny Mario, you used to be short, didn’t you? Yes, I did. 26 UNIT 4 Listen and check (✔) the words you hear.2a friendly outgoing serious humorous silent active brave quiet helpful 2c Make conversations about Paula using the information in 2b. A: Paula used to be really quiet. B: I know. She was always silent in class. Listen again and complete the chart about how Paula has changed.2b In the past Now 1. Paula used to be really . She was always silent in class. She wasn’t very . She was never brave enough to ask questions. 2. She got good grades in . She was also good in . She used to play the . 1. Now she’s more interested in . She plays almost every day. She’s also on the team. 2. She still plays the from time to time. 2d Role-play the conversation. Alfred: Th is party is such a great idea! Gina: I agree. It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates. Alfred: It’s interesting to see how people have changed. Gina: Billy has changed so much! He used to be so shy and quiet. Alfred: Yeah, his face always turned red when he talked to girls! Gina: I used to see him reading in the library every day. Alfred: Th at’s because he was a really good student. He studied hard and got good scores on his exams. Gina: Did he use to wear glasses? Alfred: Yes, and he used to be thin, too. But look how big and strong he is now! Gina: He’s so popular now. Look at all the girls around him! 27 I used to be afraid of the dark. Page PB UNIT 4 3a Skim the article and identify the paragraphs in which the following information appears. Number the information [1–3]. 3c Suppose you are the interviewer and your partner is Candy. Ask and answer questions. how Candy’s life has changed Candy’s advice to young people Candy’s background 3b Read the article again and complete the sentences about Candy. 1. She used to be shy, but now she’s not shy . 2. She used to sing to her shyness, but now she loves singing in front of . 3. She didn’t use to in school, but now she gets lots of att ention. 4. She used to with friends, but it is almost impossible now. 5. She didn’t use to about what she says or does, but she is now. From Shy Girl to Pop Star 1 For this month’s Young World magazine, I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang. Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness. As she got bett er, she dared to sing in front of her class, and then for the whole school. Now she’s not shy anymore and loves singing in front of crowds. 2 I asked Candy how life was diff erent aft er she became famous. She explained that there are many good things, like being able to travel and meet new people all the time. “I didn’t use to be popular in school, but now I get tons of att ention everywhere I go.” However, too much att ention can also be a bad thing. “I always have to worry about how I appear to others and I have to be very careful about what I say or do. And I don’t have much private time anymore. Hanging out with friends is almost impossible for me now because there are always guards around me.” 3 What does Candy have to say to all those young people who want to become famous? “Well,” she begins slowly, “you have to be prepared to give up your normal life. You can never imagine how diffi cult the road to success is. Many times I thought about giving up, but I fought on. You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed. Only a very small number of people make it to the top.” 28 UNIT 4 Grammar Fo c u s I used to be short. I didn’t use to be popular in school. Paula used to be really quiet. She didn’t use to like tests. You used to be short, didn’t you? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. Did he use to wear glasses? Yes, he did./No, he didn’t. 4c Which of these things did you use to be afraid of? Which ones are you still afraid of? Check the boxes and then ask your partner. Me My partner I used to be afraid of ... I’m still afraid of ... My partner used to be afraid of ... My partner is still afraid of ... the dark being alone fl ying high places giving a speech in public 4b Look at the information and write sentences about Emily. Five years ago Now didn’t eat a lot of vegetables loves carrots and tomatoes listened to pop music enjoys country music watched scary movies hates scary movies didn’t read a lot of books reads at least six books a year e.g. Emily didn’t use to eat a lot of vegetables, but now she loves carrots and tomatoes. 4a Write sentences about the past using used to. 1. Grace / watch a lot of TV / watch a lot of movies 2. My mom / have curly hair / have straight hair 3. Jerry / read books on European history / read books on African culture 4. Sandy / teach British English / teach American English Grace used to watch a lot of TV. She didn’t use to watch a lot of movies. 29 I used to be afraid of the dark. Page PB UNIT 4 Check (✔) the things you used to like when you were a child. 1a 1b What other things did you use to like to do when you were a child? Write sentences in the box above. Th en discuss them with a partner. Section B Listen and check (✔) the sentences you hear.1c 1. I didn’t use to like tests. 3. I used to hate P.E. class. 2. We used to walk to school. 4. I used to be on the soccer team. 1e Compare yourself with your partner. A: I used to be nervous about tests all the time. Did you? B: Yes, I did. And I used to ... Listen again. What do the girl and the boy say about things in the past and now? Fill in the chart. 1d In the past Now Girl I didn’t use to like . I don’t worry about . We used to to school. We have to to school. Boy We used to every day aft er school. We all the time. I used to hate . I P. E. class. P.E. class painting pictures music class ants and other insects 30 UNIT 4 2a Tell your partner about a time your parents helped you with a problem. Make notes about what your partner says. 2b Read the passage and underline the problems that Li Wen used to have. He Used to Cause a Lot of Trouble Li Wen is a normal 15-year-old boy who works hard in school and gets good grades. It is hard to believe that he used to be a “problem child” until a conversation with his parents infl uenced his way of thinking. Li Wen lives in the Sichuan countryside. As a small child, he seldom gave his parents any problems, and they were proud of him. However, , the boy’s life became more diffi cult. He had to move in with his grandmother. Li Wen began to cause problems for himself and his family. He was no longer interested in studying. He was oft en absent from classes, and he failed his examinations. Finally, his parents made a decision to send him to a boarding school. Li Wen no longer lived with his grandmother. He studied, ate and slept at the school, and he hated it. Th ere were so many rules, and he used to keep breaking them. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. . Th e head teacher advised his parents to talk with their son in person. His parents took a 40-hour train ride and a fi ve-hour bus ride to go back to their hometown. To Li Wen’s surprise, their conversation changed his life. “It was exactly what I needed,” he said. “My parents helped me to understand how much they had given me. Th ey also told me that even though they couldn’t be there to take care of me, they were always thinking of me and would take pride in everything good that I did. . I realized that since my parents moved away, I’ve been afraid of being alone, and have tried to make my parents pay more att ention to me.” . He has been working hard and is now one of the best students in his class. His parents’ love has made him feel good about himself. “It’s very important for parents to be there for their children,” Li Wen says. e.g. didn’t use to study hard at school — got bad grades — father helped her to understand that it was important to do well at school USING CONTEXT Using the sentence context may help you guess and learn the meanings of new words and phrases. 31 I used to be afraid of the dark. Page PB UNIT 4 3a Talk with a partner about the changes that have happened to you. Write notes about how you have changed for these three things. 2f What do you think Li Wen and his parents talked about in their conversation? Write a conversation and role-play it with your group. Th ink of the following things: • Possible questions Li Wen might ask his parents • Questions his parents might ask Li Wen • Possible answers from his parents and the boy 1. appearance 2. personality 3. hobbies 2c Put these sentences into the correct places in the passage. Missing language a. Now Li Wen has really changed b. Th at’s when I decided to change c. aft er his parents moved to Guangzhou to work d. Even the teacher agreed that Li Wen was wasting his time 2d Use clues from the passage to help you guess the meanings of the words in the box. infl uence absent boarding school in person 2e Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words and phrases in the box. Li Wen is a good student, son and grandson. However, he used to cause a lot of trouble for his parents. When his parents moved to work in another city, they could not be at home to him. So he was interested in studying and missed classes. Th en his parents to send him to a boarding school and he it. In the end, his teacher advised his parents to talk with their son and this conversation his life. He realized that his parents would everything good that he did. Now he is one of the best students in his class. be proud of/take pride in make a decision/decide not like/hate no longer/not ... anymore change/infl uence look aft er/take care of 32 UNIT 4 3b What did you use to be like? Write about how you have changed. Which change is the most important one and why? Try to write two paragraphs: 1. General introduction about the changes in your life. 2. Th e most important change and how it happened. How I’ve changed! My life has changed a lot in the last few years. I used to . Now I’m . The biggest change in my life was . This is the most important change because . Self Check 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. 2 What did you use to be like when you were six? Complete these statements. I used to wear . My hair used to be . I used to watch . I used to play . I used to be . silent require absent fail interview take pride in be proud of in person in uence humorous seldom 1. Th e mother traveled for many hours to return home to talk to her child . 2. He used to be a very quiet teenager. He remained most of the time and talked to other people. 3. If you are always from class, you will the examinations. 4. Th e teacher helping his students win the English competition. 5. Her grandparents have had a great on Kate. 6. Th at British teacher is very . He always tells us interesting jokes. 7. People are usually to give a general self-introduction in a job . 8. Tina giving speeches in front of the whole school. 33 Page PB Language Goal: Talk about what products are made of and where they were made Section A UNIT 5 What are the shirts made of? 1a What are these things usually made of? Match them with the materials. More than one answer is possible. Listen and match the products with what they are made of and where they were made. 1b Things Made of Made in shirts cott on Korea chopsticks silver Th ailand ring steel America 1c Practice the conversation in 1a. Th en make conversations using the information in 1b. A: Th is ring looks nice. Is it made of silver? B: Yes, and it was made in Th ailand. Things Materials 1. chopsticks 4. stamp 2. window 5. fork 3. coin 6. blouse a. wood e. paper b. gold f. silk c. silver g. glass Hmm ... yes, I think it’s quite pretty. Is it made of silver? Hey, do you think this ring looks OK? Yes, and it was made in Thailand. 34 UNIT 5 Listen again. Write short answers to the questions.2b 1. Where is the art and science fair? 2. Do Nick and Marcus have to pay to go? Why or why not? 3. What is the model plane made of ? 4. What is the painting made from? 5. What is the fair about? 2c Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2b. A: What did you see at the art and science fair? B: I saw ... A: What’s so special about it? B: ... Listen and check what Nick and Marcus mainly talk about.2a the science museum the art and science fair environmental protection a model plane a beautiful painting grass and leaves 2d Role-play the conversation. Pam: China is famous for tea, right? Liu Jun: Yes, both in the past and now. Pam: Where is tea produced in China? Liu Jun: Well, in many diff erent areas. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. Pam: How is it grown? Liu Jun: Well, it’s planted on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Pam: What happens next? Liu Jun: Th e tea is packed and sent to many diff erent countries and places around China. Pam: It seems that Chinese tea is drunk all over the world. Liu Jun: Yes, people say that tea is good for both health and business! 35 What are the shirts made of? Page PB UNIT 5 3a Read the passage. What two things did Kang Jian want to buy in America? Where were they made? 3c Read the passage again and write what the underlined words refer to. 1. No matt er what you may buy, you might probably think those products were made in those countries. those: those: 2. He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China. it: 3. I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin, but even though most of the toys had American brands, they were made in China. they: Th e Diffi cult Search for American Goods in the US If you go to another country, what kinds of things would you buy? Would you buy a camera in Japan, some beautiful clothes in France, or a watch in Switzerland? No matt er what you may buy, you might probably think those products were made in those countries. However, you could be wrong. Kang Jian is a 17-year-old student from Shanghai. Last year he went to visit his aunt and uncle in San Francisco. He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China. “I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin, but even though most of the toys had American brands, they were made in China.” Toys are not the only things made in China. “I wanted to buy a pair of basketball shoes,” he explains. “But I had to visit fi ve or six stores before fi nding a pair made in America!” He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China. “In fact,” he continues, “there are so many things made in China — footballs, handbags, pet food, mobile phones. Even American fl ags are made in China!” Kang Jian thinks it’s great that China is so good at making these everyday things. However, he wishes that in the future China will also get bett er at making high-technology products that people can buy in all parts of the world. 3b Read the passage and answer the questions. 1. Where did Kang Jian go to visit his aunt and uncle? 2. What did he discover in the toy stores? 3. Why did he have to visit many stores before buying a pair of basketball shoes? 4. What did he realize aft er his shopping experiences? 5. Why do you think so many products in America are made in China? How do you feel about this? 36 UNIT 5 Are your shirts made of cotton? Yes, they are. And they were made in the US. What’s the model plane made of? It’s made of used wood and glass. Where is tea produced in China? It’s produced in many different areas. How is tea grown? It’s planted on the sides of mountains. Passive voice in the simple present tense Active: People grow tea in Hangzhou. Passive: Tea is grown (by people) in Hangzhou. Grammar Fo c u s 4c Ask fi ve classmates about something they are wearing or have in their schoolbags. Th e list of words below may help you. pencil, jacket, sweater, T-shirt, shoes, cap, gloves, ring, earrings ... A: What’s your pencil made of ? B: It’s made of wood. A: Where was it made? B: It was made in Shanghai. 4a Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. Children under 18 (not allow) to watch this show without their parents. 2. We (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month. 3. A: What language (speak) in Germany? B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too. 4. Most of the earth’s surface (cover) by water. 5. Th e classroom needs to (clean) every day. 4b Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 1. Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains. 2. In China, farmers grow the best rice in the northeast. 3. Careless driving causes many traffi c accidents. 4. Th e postman brings lett ers and postcards to people’s homes. 5. Our family does not use this silver plate very oft en. The tea is planted on the sides of mountains by farmers. 37 What are the shirts made of? Page PB UNIT 5 Section B Do you know how to fl y a kite? What are kites made of? Write down some materials used in making kites. 1a 1e Role-play a conversation between Laura and Zheng Yun using the information in 1b–1d. A: Where did you go on vacation? B: I went to an international kite festival. A: Th at sounds interesting. What did you see there? B: ... Listen again. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.1d 1. Weifang is a city in Shandong. It is famous for . 2. Th e international kite festival is held in every year. 3. Th e competitors at the festival are from . 4. Th ere are competitions for the best kites, the kites or the kites. 5. Some of the kites Zheng Yun saw were made of . Some were painted with colorful . Listen and write L for Laura or Z for Zheng Yun.1c 1. Went on a vacation to Weifang 2. Wants to know more about the kite festival 3. Saw many diff erent kinds of kites at the festival 4. Didn’t know that kite fl ying could be so exciting 5. Wants to learn to fl y a kite 1. Laura is trying to fi nd out more about: A. what Zheng Yun did on his vacation. B. what Zheng Yun thinks about Weifang. 2. Zheng Yun tells Laura about: A. a kite festival. B. how to make a kite. Listen to a conversation between Laura and Zheng Yun and circle the correct answers. 1b 38 UNIT 5 2a Do you do any kind of folk or traditional art, like drawing or painting? Tell your partner about it. 2b Read the passage and complete the chart below. MOVING FROM GENERAL TO SPECIFIC A general introduction of the topic is usually followed by specifi c details and examples. Traditional art form Materials used 1. 2. 3. Beauty in Common Th ings Each diff erent part of China has its own special forms of traditional art. Th ese usually try to show the things that are important in life such as love, beauty and family. Th e most common things, from paper to clay to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty. According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were fi rst used by Zhuge Kongming. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble. Today, sky lanterns are used at festivals and other celebrations. Th ey are made of bamboo and covered with paper. When the lanterns are lit, they slowly rise into the air like small hot-air balloons for all to see. Th ey are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes. Paper cutt ing has been around for over 1,500 years. Paper cutt ing sounds very easy but it can be diffi cult to do. Th e paper, usually red, is folded before it is cut with scissors. Th e most common pictures are fl owers, fi sh, animals, and things about Chinese history. During the Spring Festival, they are put on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. Chinese clay art is famous because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. Th e pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story. Th e pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. Aft er drying, they are fi red at a very high heat. Th ey are then polished and painted. Finally, materials such as wood or paper are added to make diff erent things. It takes several weeks to complete everything. Th ese small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty. 39 What are the shirts made of? Page PB UNIT 5 2c Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. What do traditional Chinese art forms try to show? 2. What were sky lanterns used for before and what are they used for now? 3. What kinds of pictures are usually found on paper cutt ings? 4. How do people use paper cutt ings during the Spring Festival? 5. What are the steps for making clay art pieces? 6. Which art form do you think is the most interesting? Why? 3a What are some special things that your hometown or city is famous for? Th ese can be food, artwork or any other products. Discuss with a partner and take notes. What the product is What it is made of/from Who it is made by Where it is made What it can do/What its features are Why it is special 2e Discuss the questions in your group. 1. Which art form do you think is the easiest? Which is the most diffi cult? Why? 2. Which art form would you like to learn? Why? 2d Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the phrases in the box. such as turn ... into send out cover with rise into put ... on 1. People used to sky lanterns when they were in trouble. But today, people light the lanterns and watch them the sky with their wishes. 2. Th e art of paper cutt ing a simple thing like a piece of paper a beautiful piece of art. People oft en these art pieces the doors, windows and walls of their homes to celebrate the Spring Festival. 3. To make Chinese clay art, the clay is shaped by hand into things cute children or characters from Chinese fairy tales and stories. Th ey are then paint. 40 UNIT 5 Self Check 1 List some things you use every day. Write down what they are made of/from and where they were made. Things Made of/from ... Made in ... 3b Write a paragraph about the product. Use your notes in 3a. Try to use the following language: My hometown/city is famous for . is famous in my hometown/city. is made of/from/with/by/in . is used/is known for . is special because . 2 Use the information above to write full sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in brackets. 1. Cheese (make) from milk. 2. Parents and students (invite) to the school concert last night. 3. Th e underground parking lot (close) at midnight every day. 4. Th ere is a lot of research on how languages (learn). 5. Some classic fi lms (show) at that cinema last week. 41 Page PB Language Goal: Talk about the history of inventions Section A UNIT 6 When was it invented? 1a Look at the things below. In what order do you think they were invented? Discuss them with your group. Th en number them [1–4] (1 = fi rst, 4 = last). A: I think the TV was invented before the car. B: Well, I think the TV was invented aft er the car. 1c Student B, cover the dates. Student A, ask Student B when the things in the picture in 1b were invented. Th en change roles and practice again. A: When was the telephone invented? B: I think it was invented in 1876. Listen and match the inventions with the years.1b 1876 1885 1927 1976 a c d b 42 UNIT 6 2d Role-play the conversation. Listen and number the inventions [1–3] in the order you hear them.2a Listen again. Match the inventions with their inventors and uses.2b Invention Who was it / were they invented by? What is it / are they used for? shoes with special heels Chelsea Lanmon serving really cold ice- cream shoes with lights Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth seeing in the dark hot ice-cream scoop Julie Th ompson changing the style of the shoes 2c Make conversations using the information in 2b. A: What are they used for? B: Th ey’re used for seeing in the dark. Paul: Hey Roy, the subject for my school project is “Small inventions that changed the world.” Can you help me think of an invention? Roy: My pleasure! Let me think ... hmm ... I know! Th e zipper! Paul: Th e zipper? Is it really such a great invention? Roy: Th ink about how oft en it’s used in our daily lives. You can see zippers on dresses, trousers, shoes, bags ... almost everywhere! Paul: Well, you do seem to have a point ... Roy: Of course! I thought about it because I saw a website last week. The pioneers of diff erent inventions were listed there. For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely. Paul: Really? So when did it become popular? Roy: Around 1917. shoes with special heels shoes with lights hot ice-cream scoop, runs on electricity 43 When was it invented? Page PB UNIT 6 3a Read the passage quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea. Paragraph 1 Lu Yu and his book Cha Jing Paragraph 2 How tea spread to other countries Paragraph 3 How tea was invented by accident 3c Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. invent drink bring produce trade 1. One of the world’s favorite drinks was by accident. 2. Tea was fi rst by Shen Nong 5,000 years ago. 3. A nice smell was when the tea leaves dropped into the hot water. 4. Tea was to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 5. Tea is now between many diff erent countries. 3b Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. When was tea fi rst drunk? 2. How was tea invented? 3. Who is called “the saint of tea”? 4. What is Cha Jing about? 5. When was tea brought to other countries? An Accidental Invention Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (aft er water), was invented by accident? Many people believe that tea was fi rst drunk nearly 5,000 years ago. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong fi rst discovered tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fi re. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water anyway. It was quite delicious. In this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. More than 4,000 years later, Lu Yu, “the saint of tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. Th e book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the fi nest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but less than 100 years later, it had become the national drink. Th e tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. Th is helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 44 UNIT 6 When was the zipper invented? It was invented in 1893. Who was it invented by? It was invented by Whitcomb Judson. When was tea brought to Korea? It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries. What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for? It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream. Passive voice in the simple past tense Active: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Passive: The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876. Grammar Fo c u s Th e telephone (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He (born) in 1847. Alexander (work) on the invention of the telephone with Th omas Watson. In 1875, Alexander (learn) to send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone (invent) in 1876. Th e fi rst sentence that (say) on the telephone by Alexander was “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you.” Today the telephone (use) around the world. 4c Decide whether active or passive forms should be used in these sentences. Write the correct forms in the blanks. 4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. 1. You to the party last night, weren’t you? Why didn’t you go? 2. Th e earthquake all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers to a safe place. 3. Th e door when we arrived, so we the bell. 4. Th e students not to eat or drink in class. But Ruby the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class. 5. Th e cookies by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes. Th en they for more! eat lock ask ring invite break told bring come 4a Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 1. Th ey sold the fridge at a low price. 2. Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room. 3. Where did you take these photos? 4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone. 5. Diff erent writers translated the book into diff erent languages. The fridge was sold at a low price. 45 When was it invented? Page PB UNIT 6 Listen again. Complete the sentences.1d Th e History of Potato Chips Did you know that potato chips were invented by mistake? Potato chips by a cook called George Crum. Th ey were invented in . George Crum cut the potatoes really, really and then cooked them for a long time until they were . And he put lots of salt on them so they were . Section B Th e words in the box describe how food can taste. Write them under the correct pictures. Some pictures have more than one word. 1a Listen and circle T for true or F for false.1c 1. Potato chips were invented by mistake. T F 2. Th ey were invented in 1863. T F 3. Th e customer thought the potatoes were not thin enough. T F 4. Th e customer said they were not salty enough. T F 5. George wanted to make the customer happy. T F 6. Th e customer was happy in the end. T F 1e Make a conversation about the invention of potato chips. Use the information in 1c and 1d. A: Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake? B: Wow, I didn’t know that. Who invented them? A: ... 1b Write the name of a diff erent food aft er each word. sweet crispy salty sour banana crispy sweet crispy salty sour 46 UNIT 6 Do You Know When Basketball Was Invented? Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun and exercise. It is over 100 years old and is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. In China, you can sometimes see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even in factories. Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861. When he was at college, his teacher asked the class to think of a game that can be played in the winter. Dr. Naismith created a game to be played inside on a hard fl oor. Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game. Th e purpose of the game is for players to get a ball into the “basket”. Players on the same team must work together to help each other get the ball in the other team’s basket. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from gett ing the ball into their own basket. It is believed that on December 21, 1891, the fi rst basketball game in history was played. Th en in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics. Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players. Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, it has also become a more popular sport to watch. Although America’s NBA games are the most famous, the CBA games are becoming popular in China. Th e number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased. And there are also more and more foreign players in the CBA. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them. Th ese stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 2a List some popular sports and the countries where each sport is the most popular. 2b Skim the passage. Which paragraphs are about the popularity of basketball? MIND-MAPPING Changing the information you read into a “word tree/map“ may help you remember it more easily. Sports Countries 47 When was it invented? Page PB UNIT 6 2d Without looking at the passage, use the mind map to summarize what you and your partner remember about the development of basketball. Use these questions to help you. 1. Who invented basketball and why? 2. What is the purpose of the game? 3. When was the fi rst basketball game played in history? 4. Why were the Berlin Olympics important for basketball? 5. What are the professional basketball groups in America and China? 6. What do young people think of the famous basketball players? 3a Th ink of something that you do not like doing. Th en think of an invention that could help you. Make notes. Problem: New invention: What it is used for: Price: quickly taking notes in class a special pen 2e Would you like to be a famous basketball player? Make a list of good and diffi cult things about being a famous basketball player. It’s good to be a famous basketball player because ... It’s diffi cult to be a famous basketball player because ... 2c Complete the mind map with the information in the passage. What else can you add to the mind map? BASKETBALL first game on + 100 million people HISTORY parks, , + 200 POPULAR Dr. DEVELOPMENT young people want to be became Olympic event in in the yearpeople watch and games GAME teams get into other team’s played inside on a hard 48 UNIT 6 Self Check 1 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. 3b Imagine you are a businessperson. Write a description of your new invention. Try to sell the invention to the class. This special pen was invented by Liu Jie. It has three colors and is used for 2 Rewrite these sentences using the passive voice. 1. Someone stole my watch. 2. Th ey used fi ve eggs to make this big cake. 3. When did they invent the personal computer? 4. Th ey asked us not to run in the hallway. 5. Someone took the video back to the store. 3 Find out information about one invention and write sentences below. Invention: When: Who: Purpose: It is oft en diffi cult to decide on the inventor of certain inventions. Th is is because sometimes a few people may things which are the same. Opinions are then about who came up with the idea fi rst. Some inventions can also all of a lead to other inventions. So some people whether the inventor came up with the idea himself or herself. Th ey think that the inventor used someone else’s idea to create his or her invention. Th at is why books or websites usually more than one inventor when giving information about inventions. divide doubt mention nearly produce sudden 49 Page PB Language Goals: Talk about what you are allowed to do; Agree and disagree Section A UNIT 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 1c Look at the statements in 1a and make conversations. A: I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. B: I agree. Th ey aren’t serious enough. 1. Anna can go to the shopping center by bus. T F 2. Anna wants to get her ears pierced. T F 3. Anna wants to choose her own clothes. T F Listen and circle T for true or F for false.1b 1a Read the statements below. Circle A for agree or D for disagree. 1. Teenagers should not be allowed to smoke. A D 2. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. A D 3. Students must not be allowed to have part-time jobs. A D 4. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. A D 5. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. A D No way! I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. I’m worried about their safety.Can I go to the shopping center with John? He just got his driver’s license. 50 UNIT 7 2d Role-play the conversation. Sandy: I’m really excited about seeing the famous paintings by Picasso. Wu Lan: Me, too! I’m glad Ms. Guo chose the art museum for our school trip this year. Sandy: I’m going to bring my new camera to take lots of photos! Wu Lan: Oh, no. Ms. Guo says we must not take photos. It’s not allowed in the museum. Sandy: Th at’s too bad! Do you think we might be allowed to take photos if we don’t use a bright light? Wu Lan: Hmm ... I think they just want to protect the paintings. So if you don’t use a light, then it might be OK. Sandy: Yeah. I think we should be allowed to do that. I’ll bring my camera anyway. 2c Make a list of things teenagers should and should not be allowed to do. Discuss your list with your partner. A: Do you think teenagers should ...? B: Yes, I .../No, I ... Listen again. What are Kathy’s and Molly’s reasons? Number their reasons in the correct order. 2b It looks cool. Young people need to sleep. He needs to spend time with friends. He needs time to do homework. It doesn’t look clean. Listen and check (✔) what Kathy thinks. Circle Agrees, Disagrees or Doesn’t know to show what Molly thinks. 2a Kathy Molly 1. Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to work at night. 2. Larry shouldn’t work every night. 3. He should cut his hair. 4. He should stop wearing that silly earring. 5. He doesn’t seem to have many friends. Agrees Disagrees Doesn’t know Agrees Disagrees Doesn’t know Agrees Disagrees Doesn’t know Agrees Disagrees Doesn’t know Agrees Disagrees Doesn’t know 51 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Page PB UNIT 7 3a Read the poem aloud and discuss what the title means with your partner. Mom Knows Best When I was a tiny baby crying all night, my mom sang to me and stayed by my side When I was tired and hungry, she gave me food and warm arms to sleep in When I was two running through the field, she made sure I was safe and kept me from danger When I fell and hurt myself, she gave me a hug and lifted me up When I was seven coughing badly, she said no ice-cream for me But I talked back loudly, “I should be allowed to eat some! Give it to me now!” When I was nine watching scary movies, she said it’d give me awful dreams But I shouted back angrily, “I should be allowed to watch it! I’m not a baby!” When I was a teen going out with friends, she said, “Please be back by ten!” But I talked back again — “I should not be told what to do! I’m seventeen now!” Now I’m an adult, thinking back to those times I coughed for days after eating that ice-cream And had scary dreams after watching that film I was late for school from staying out past ten I regret talking back, not listening to Mom Mom knows best, and for me she wanted only the best! 3b Read the poem again and answer the questions. 1. What did the mom do when the writer was a baby and a small child? 2. Why do you think the writer talked back to his mom when he was seven and nine years old? 3. How did the writer feel when his mom said “Please be back by ten” when he was a teenager? 4. After reading the whole poem, how do you think the writer feels about his mom? 3c Think about a time you did something even though your mom or dad told you not to do it. Share your story with your partner. ●  How old were you? ●  What happened? ●  Did you talk back to your mom or dad? ●  How do you feel about it now? 52 UNIT 7 Grammar Fo c u s I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. I agree. They aren’t serious enough. Do you think we might be allowed to take some photos? I don’t think so. Photo-taking is not allowed in the museum. Do you think teenagers should be encouraged to make their own decisions? No, I don’t agree with this. Teenagers are too young to make their own decisions. Teenagers must not be allowed to have part-time jobs. I disagree. They can learn a lot from working. 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Should teenagers (ask) to move out when they start working? In many Western countries, teenagers (allow) to move out at sixteen or seventeen. Th eir parents believe that they should (educate) to take care of themselves from a young age. Th is way, when they (start) working they can manage their own lives. However, in most Asian societies, the family unit is especially strong. So it is not common for teenagers to (move) out. Chinese parents believe that it is bett er for children to live with parents who can (take) care of them. But the young should then look aft er their parents as they get older. Th at is why many Chinese adults (continue) to live with their parents. 4c You and your friend are starting an English club. Make a list of rules about what should and should not be allowed. A: Members should be allowed to use dictionaries. B: Yes, but they should only use English-English dictionaries. 4a Rewrite the sentences according to the example. 1. You must clean your bedroom every day. Your bedroom . 2. Parents should encourage teenagers to do social work for their community. Teenagers . 3. Do you think Lucy’s parents might allow her to go to the party? Do you think Lucy ? 4. Do you think we must keep teenagers away from the Internet? Do you think teenagers ? 5. Parents should give teenagers chances to make their own decisions. Teenagers . must be cleaned every day 53 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Page PB UNIT 7 Section B Read the questions. How oft en do you do these things? Write A for always, U for usually, S for sometimes and N for never. 1a Listen again. Match these sentence parts.1d 1. Peter is going to ... a. take the test. 2. He isn’t allowed to ... b. pass the test. 3. Peter wasn’t allowed to ... c. fail a math test. 4. He could ... d. take the test later. 5. He should be allowed to ... e. get to class late. c 1e Read the statements. Th en discuss them with your group. A: I think Peter should ... B: I don’t agree. C: I think ... 1. Peter should be allowed to take the test later. 2. Students need strict rules. 3. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 1b Talk about your answers in 1a. A: Do you ever get to class late? B: Yes, I sometimes get to class late. Listen and circle the things in 1a that Peter talks about.1c Do you ever ... 1. get to class late? 2. study with friends? 3. fi nish a test early? 4. worry about failing a test? 54 UNIT 7 Should I Be Allowed to Make My Own Decisions? Many teenagers have hobbies. But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork, and parents might worry about their success at school. Teenagers oft en think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want. Do you agree? Liu Yu, a fi ft een-year-old boy from Shandong, is a running star. He is on his school team and has always wanted to be a professional runner when he grows up. However, his parents won’t allow him to train so much. “Of course we want to see him achieve his dreams,” says Mr. Liu. “And we know how much he loves running. My wife and I have supported every one of his races. We have nothing against running! But we think our son needs to think about other possible jobs. He’s gett ing older now, so he needs to think about what will happen if he doesn’t end up a professional runner.” Liu Yu doesn’t really agree. “Well, I think I should be allowed to decide for myself,” he says. “My parents have always taught me how important it is to work hard at school and enter university. I understand this, but I’m serious about running. It’s the only thing I’ve ever wanted to do.” His parents believe that Liu Yu should study hard in the evenings so they don’t allow him to practice running at night. “Maybe he thinks it’s too strict or unfair,” says Mrs. Liu. “But we think we’re doing the right thing. He needs to spend more time on his homework because becoming a professional sports star is a diffi cult dream.” But Liu Yu still disagrees. “I know my parents care about me. Th ey always talk about what will happen if I don’t succeed. But I will! I’m a quick runner! I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself. Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.” 2b First, look at the title of the passage. Answer “yes” or “no”. Find out how many in your group agree with you. Th en read the passage. Does your answer change? LEARNING ACTIVELY When you learn any new language, actively use it in new sentences of your own. 2a In your group, discuss the questions. Are you allowed to make your own decisions at home? What kinds of decisions? 55 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Page PB UNIT 7 3a With a partner, discuss at least one rule at home that you do not agree with. Why do you not agree with it? Make some notes in the chart. Rule Why you don’t agree with it How you think the rule should be changed 2d Look in the passage for the words in bold. Th en use them actively to complete sentences of your own. 1. My parents worry about . 2. My parents have always taught me how important it is to . 3. I am serious about . 4. I think it is unfair . 5. I have always wanted to be . 6. My parents have nothing against . 7. I need to think about what will happen if . 8. I need to spend more time on . 2e Discuss the questions with a partner. Use the information in the passage to support your opinion. What is your dream? Do your parents support your dream? 2c Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. What is Liu Yu’s hobby? 2. What does Liu Yu want to be when he grows up? 3. Why do Liu Yu’s parents not allow Liu Yu to practice his hobby at night? 4. Do you think Liu Yu should be allowed to practice his hobby as much as he wants? Why or why not? 56 UNIT 7 3b Write a note to your parents. In your note, explain which rule(s) you do not agree with at home and why. Tell them how you think the rule should be changed. Dear Mom and Dad, I do not agree with . If I , I think I should be allowed to . I would like to . Could I if I ? Love, Self Check 1 Match the words in the two boxes and choose fi ve phrases to make sentences. 2 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in brackets. Translate them into Chinese. 1. No matt er how many diffi culties we have, I believe all problems can (solve) in the end. 2. Mobile phones should (keep) off during the meeting. 3. Teenagers under 18 must (not allow) to smoke or drink. 4. Many parents think learning from books must (put) fi rst, so teenagers should (not encourage) to work part-time. get photos take ears pierced do my dream achieve part-time work make shopping go a choice 57 Page PB Language Goal: Make inferences Section A UNIT 8 It must belong to Carla. 1c Practice the conversation in the picture above. Th en make conversations using the information in 1b. Listen and match each person with a thing and a reason. 1b Person Thing Reason Jane’s litt le brother volleyball J. K. Rowling is her favorite writer. Mary toy truck She loves volleyball. Carla magazine He was the only litt le kid at the picnic. Deng Wen book She always listens to pop music. Grace CD He loves rabbits. A: Whose book is this? B: It must be Mary’s. J. K. Rowling is her favorite writer. 1a Look at the picture. Write the things you see in the correct columns in the chart. Clothing Fun things Kitchen things hat volleyball plate Whose volleyball is this? It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball. 58 UNIT 8 2d Role-play the conversation. Linda: Mom, I’m really worried. Mom: Why? What’s wrong? Linda: I can’t fi nd my schoolbag. Mom: Well, where did you last put it? Linda: I can’t remember! I att ended a concert yesterday so it might still be in the music hall. Mom: Do you have anything valuable in your schoolbag? Linda: No, just my books, my pink hair band and some tennis balls. Mom: So it can’t be stolen. Linda: Oh, wait! I went to a picnic aft er the concert. I remember I had my schoolbag with me at the picnic. Mom: So could it still be at the park? Linda: Yes. I left early, before the rest of my friends. I think somebody must have picked it up. I’ll call them now to check if anybody has it. 2c Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2b. A: Look! Th ere’s a schoolbag here. B: What’s inside? A: Th ere’s a T-shirt, ... Bob and Anna found a schoolbag at the park. Listen and write down the things in the schoolbag. 2a  ings in the schoolbag 1. 2. 3. T-shirt Listen again. Fill in the blanks.2b 1. Th e person go to our school. 2. Th e person be a boy. 3. It be Mei’s hair band. 4. Th e hair band belong to Linda. 5. It be Linda’s schoolbag. Use “must” to show that you think something is probably true. Use “might” or “could” to show that you think something is possibly true. Use “can’t” to show that you are almost sure something is not true. 59 It must belong to Carla. Page PB UNIT 8 3a Read the article and decide which might be the best title. A. A Small and Quiet Town B. Strange Happenings in My Town C. Animals in Our Neighborhood 3b Read the article again and fi nd words to match the meanings. Nervous or worried Young people Person in the next house Area where people live Animal like a very large dog Person who makes noise 3c Read the article carefully and write what people think about the strange noises. Who gave opinions? What are the opinions? Victor’s wife She thinks that it could be an animal. Victor and his friends Th e policemen Helen One woman in the area Th e writer himself We live in a small town and almost everyone knows each other. It used to be very quiet and nothing much ever happened around here. However, these days, some- thing unusual is happening in our town. Victor, a teacher at my school, is really nervous. When he was interviewed by the town newspaper, he said, “Every night we hear strange noises outside our window. My wife thinks that it could be an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers having fun. My parents called the policemen, but they couldn’t fi nd anything strange. Th ey think it might be the wind. I don’t think so!” Victor’s next-door neighbor Helen is worried, too. “At fi rst, I thought that it might be a dog, but I couldn’t see a dog, or anything else, either. So I guess it can’t be a dog. But then, what could it be?” One woman in the area saw something running away, but it was dark so she is not sure. “I think it was too big to be a dog,” she said. “Maybe it was a bear or a wolf.” Everyone in our town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas. Th ere must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it? We have no idea. Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away, but I do not think that is going to happen. Th e noise-maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood. 60 UNIT 8 4b Complete these responses. 1. A: Many people are wearing coats. B: Th e weather must be . 2. A: Sally has been coughing a lot. B: She might be . 3. A: Th ere’s very loud music coming from the apartment next door. B: Th e neighbors must be . 4. A: Whenever I try to read this book, I feel sleepy. B: It can’t . Grammar Fo c u s Whose volleyball is this? It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball. Whose hair band is this? It could be Mei’s hair band. Or it might belong to Linda. They both have long hair. What did you see that night? I’m not sure, but it can’t be a dog. It was bigger. I think it might be a bear or a wolf. 4c Look at this picture of a room. How much can you tell about the person who lives here? Is it a boy or a girl? What are his/her hobbies? Discuss your ideas with a partner. A: It could be a girl’s room because it’s very tidy. B: I guess so. But it might be a boy’s room because the clothes look like boys’ clothes. 4a Choose the best way to complete each sentence using the words in brackets. 1. A: Where’s Jean? B: I’m not sure. She (is / might be / must be) in the laboratory. 2. A: Everyone is going to the pool aft er school. B: Really? It (must be / can’t be / could be) hot outdoors. 3. A: Th at’s the phone. B: Hmm. I wonder who it (must be / could be / should be). 4. A: I wonder if these are Jim’s glasses. B: Th ey (can’t be / might be / could be) his. He doesn’t wear glasses. 5. A: I hear water running in the bathroom. B: It (could be / must be / can’t be) Carla. She was thinking of taking a shower. 61 It must belong to Carla. Page PB UNIT 8 Section B Look at the pictures. Th en use the words in the box to write a sentence about each picture. 1a a 1 cb land man UFO run alien run aft er a. b. c. A UFO is landing. Listen and number the pictures [1–3] in 1a. Th en write two or three sentences to fi nish the story. 1b Listen again. Complete the sentences.1c They see ... The man says ... The woman says ... 1. a man running. he could be he might be 2. something in the sky. it could be it must be 3. something strange. it must be I must be 4. a woman with a camera. she could be they must be A: Why do you think the man is running? B: He could be running for exercise. A: No, he’s wearing a suit. He might be running to catch a bus to work. Role-play a conversation between the man and the woman.1d 62 UNIT 8 2b Skim the article below and underline the sentences with linking words or phrases. Do you think you have made correct matches in 2a? IDENTIFYING LINKING LANGUAGE Identifying conjunctions or phrases that link ideas together will help you understand what you read. 2a Match each linking word or phrase with its purpose. Linking word or phrase Purpose of linking word or phrase so expressing a diff erence as, because, since giving a choice but, however, though expressing a result not only ... but also expressing two things happening at the same time or giving reasons when, while adding information Stonehenge — Can Anyone Explain Why It Is Th ere? Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical places, but also one of its greatest mysteries. Every year it receives more than 750,000 visitors. Especially in June, people go to this place as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year. For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods. However, historian Paul Stoker thinks this can’t be true because Stonehenge was built so many centuries ago. “Th e leaders arrived in England much later,” he points out. Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar. Th e large stones were put together in a certain way. On midsummer’s morning, the sun shines directly into the center of the stones. Other people believe the stones have a medical purpose. Th ey think the stones can prevent illness while keeping people healthy. “As you walk there, you can feel the energy from your feet climb up your body,” said one visitor. No one is sure what Stonehenge was used for, but most agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. Some think it might be a burial place, or a place to honor ancestors. Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy. Stonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time. Most historians believe it must be almost 5,000 years old. One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built because the stones are so big and heavy. In 2001, a group of English volunteers tried to build another Stonehenge, but they couldn’t. “We don’t really know who built Stonehenge,” says Paul Stoker. “And perhaps we might never know, but we do know they must have been hardworking — and great planners!” 63 It must belong to Carla. Page PB UNIT 8 2e Can you think of any other mysteries, either in China or another part of the world, that are similar to Stonehenge? What do you know about these mysteries? What is mysterious about them? Discuss them with your group. 2d Complete the sentences using the words from the chart in 2a on page 62. 1. Midsummer’s morning is in June a lot of people go to Stonehenge during this month. 2. Th e sun rose thousands of people were standing around the stones. 3. Th e sun shines straight into the center of Stonehenge the stones were put in a special position. 4. Some people think the rocks can stop people becoming ill can keep them healthy. 5. We don’t know who built Stonehenge how it was built. 6. Historians are not sure they think Stonehenge was built about 5,000 years ago. 3a Read through the article in 3a on page 59 again. What do you think the noise could be? List all your ideas. See who in your group can come up with the most imaginative explanation. What could the noise be? Why do you think that? 2c Read the article again and complete the chart. Mysteries about Stonehenge What Stonehenge might have been used for ... Who built it? 64 UNIT 8 Self Check 1 Fill in the blanks with must, might or can’t. 1. Th at bright light be a UFO — there’s no such thing! 2. I’m still waiting for the bus, so I be a bit late for the party. 3. Th at sweater be Carla’s. She’s the only one who wears such colorful clothes. 4. Tony want to go to the concert. He likes music, but I’m not sure if he likes rock music. 5. Th e person you saw at the supermarket be Susan. I just talked to her on the phone and she’s at work. 2 Look at the chart and write sentences for the things below. It can’t be Matt’s. He doesn’t like to watch movies.e.g. DVD 1. bowl of ice-cream 2. camera 3. cookbook 4. tennis ball 5. running shoes Name Likes Dislikes Jessica take photos run Todd play the piano eat sweet food Matt play tennis watch movies Annie read cook 3b Look at this newspaper headline and fi nish the article about the strange happenings. No More Mystery in the Neighborhood Writing tips First part: background information about the mystery Second part: how the mystery was solved  ird part: how the people in the neighborhood now feel Last week, in a quiet neighborhood, something strange happened ... We now know what was happening in the neighbourhood ... Now the mystery is solved. People in the neighbor- hood ... 65 Page PB Language Goal: Express preferences Section A UNIT 9 I like music that I can dance to. 1c Make conversations about the music, movies or books that you like. A: What kind of music do you like? B: I like music that I can sing along with. What about you? A: I prefer music that has great lyrics. Listen and check (✔) the kinds of music Tony and Bett y like.1b Music that I can dance to Music that has great lyrics Music that I can sing along with Tony Betty Your sentence: I like music that . I prefer music that has great lyrics. I like music that isn’t too loud. I love music that I can sing along with. I like music that I can dance to. 1a What kind of music do you like? Look at the picture and circle the sentences you agree with. Th en write your own sentence. 66 UNIT 9 2d Role-play the conversation. Jill: What are you doing this weekend, Scott ? Scott: Not much. I suppose I’ll just listen to the new CD I bought. Jill: Oh, what CD is this? Scott: Well, it’s all music. Th ere’s no singing. I like smooth music that can relax my mind aft er a long week at work. Jill: Sounds nice. Well, if you have spare time, do you want to watch a movie with me? Scott: Hmm, depends which movie. I only like movies that are funny. I just want to laugh and not think too much. You know what I mean? Jill: Oh, in that case, I’ll ask someone who likes serious movies. Scott: What’s the movie about? Jill: It’s about World War II and the director is famous. I prefer movies that give me something to think about. 2c Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2b. A: Does Xu Fei like Th e Modern? B: No, he doesn’t. He prefers ... Listen and circle T for true and F for false.2a 1. Carmen likes musicians who play diff erent kinds of music. T F 2. Xu Fei likes the Australian singer Dan Dervish. T F 3. Carmen likes electronic music that’s loud. T F 4. Xu Fei prefers groups that play quiet and slow songs. T F Listen again. Complete the sentences.2b About The Modern About Dan Dervish Xu Fei says 1. I prefer 3. I like musicians Carmen says 2. I love electronic music 4. I like musicians groups that play quiet and slow songs. 67 I like music that I can dance to. Page PB UNIT 9 3c What kinds of movies do you like to watch? Complete the chart. When I’m ... I like/prefer to watch movies that/which ... Examples (movie names) happy sad tired bored 3b Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. How does the writer describe each kind of movie? 2. What kinds of movies does the writer prefer to watch when he or she is sad or tired? 3. How does the writer feel aft er watching these movies? 4. Does the writer like horror movies? When does he or she watch them? 3a Read the passage. Underline the diff erent kinds of movies and circle the movie names. What Do You Feel Like Watching Today? While some people only stick to one kind of movie, I like to watch diff erent kinds depending on how I feel that day. When I’m down or tired, I prefer movies that can cheer me up. Comedies like Men in Black or cartoons like Kungfu Panda have funny dialogues and usually have a happy ending. Th e characters may not be perfect, but they try their best to solve their problems. Aft er watching them, I’m fi lled with hope again and the problems I have suddenly seem less serious. Laughing for two hours is a good way to relax! I don’t watch dramas or documentaries when I’m sad or tired. Dramas like Titanic make me feel even sadder. Documentaries like March of the Penguins which provide plenty of information about a certain subject can be interesting, but when I’m tired I don’t want to think too much. I don’t mind action movies like Spider-Man when I’m too tired to think. I can just shut off my brain, sit back and enjoy watching an exciting superhero who always saves the world just in time. Once in a while, I like to watch movies that are scary, like horror movies or thrillers. Movies like Th e Ring or Th e Shining can be fun, but I’m too scared to watch them alone. I always bring a friend who isn’t afraid of these kinds of movies. 68 UNIT 9 What kind of music do you like? I love music that/which I can sing along with. What kind of groups does Xu Fei like? She prefers groups that/which play quiet and slow songs. What kind of movies do you like? I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about. What kind of musicians does Carmen like? She likes musicians who play different kinds of music. Grammar Fo c u s A: What kind of food do you enjoy? B: I enjoy food that is sweet. 4c Make conversations about things you like and dislike. 4b Read Jennifer’s CD review. Th en complete the sentences using that, which or who. The music is great because you can dance to it. You can take this CD to a party. Also, these musicians write their own lyrics. Some songs are too long. Some of the singers don’t sing the words clearly. It’s “Dance, Dance, Dance”. cdsreview.com e-mail address: What’s the name of your favorite CD? Why do you like this CD? What do you dislike about this CD? jennifer@pep.com.cn 1. It’s the kind of music 2. It’s a CD 3. She likes musicians 4. She doesn’t like the songs 5. She likes singers 4a Choose words from the diff erent columns to make sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. I/You/ He/She/ We/Th ey like(s)/ love(s)/ prefer(s) food/clothes/ people/music/ actors/singers/ movies that/ which/ who is/are funny/comfortable/ inexpensive/slow/ sweet/salty/loud/ interesting/ intelligent 69 I like music that I can dance to. Page PB UNIT 9 Section B Fill in the chart. Write names of your favorite band, book and movie. 1a Band Book Movie Discuss your favorite things in 1a with your group. Say why you like each thing. 1d A: I like movies that are sad. I love Titanic. B: Oh, I don’t. I like movies that are scary. I really like ... Listen again. Write why Michael likes each thing in the second column of the chart in 1b. 1c Listen and write the three things that Michael likes in the fi rst column of the chart. 1b What Michael likes Why he likes it jacket He likes clothes He likes writers He likes movies that are unusual. 70 UNIT 9 2b Read the passage and answer the questions. 2a How many Chinese musical instruments do you know? Do you know some famous music pieces that are played on these instruments? Make a list with your partner. 1. Which musician does the reading passage mainly talk about? 2. What is the name of his most famous piece of music? 3. How does the writer feel about this piece of music? NOTING SUPPORTING DETAILS These can be examples, reasons, opinions or other detailed information in each paragraph. Sad but Beautiful Last night one of my Chinese friends took me to a concert of Chinese folk music. Th e piece which was played on the erhu especially moved me. Th e music was strangely beautiful, but under the beauty I sensed a strong sadness and pain. Th e piece had a simple name, “Moon Refl ected on Second Spring”, but was one of the most moving pieces of music that I’ve ever heard. Th e erhu sounded like it was crying, and I almost cried along with it as I listened. Later I looked up the history of “Moon Refl ected on Second Spring”, and I began to understand the sadness in the music. Th e music was writt en by Abing, a folk musician who was born in the city of Wuxi in 1893. Just one year later, his mother died. Abing’s father taught him to play many musical instruments, such as the drums, dizi and erhu, and by age 17, Abing was known for his musical ability. However, aft er his father died, Abing’s life grew worse. He was very poor, caught a serious illness and became blind. For several years, he had no home. He lived on the streets and played music to make money. Even aft er Abing got married and had a home again, he continued to sing and play in the city streets. He performed in this way for many years. Abing’s amazing musical skills made him very popular during his lifetime. By the end of his life, he could play over 600 pieces of music, many of which he wrote himself. It is a pity that only six pieces of music in total were recorded for the future world to hear, but his popularity continues to this day. Today, Abing’s “Moon Refl ected on Second Spring” is a piece which all the great erhu masters play and praise. It has become one of China’s national treasures. Its sad beauty not only paints a picture of Abing’s own life but also makes people recall their deepest wounds from their own sad or painful experiences. 71 I like music that I can dance to. Page PB UNIT 9 2c Read the passage again and use suitable words to complete the main idea of each paragraph. Th en list the supporting details in each paragraph. Paragraph Main idea Supporting details 1 I was by a piece of music named “Moon Refl ected on Second Spring.” The music was beautiful but sad. 2 Abing lived a very life. 3 Abing’s musical skills made him very . 2e Student A is a foreign visitor who is interested in Abing and his music. Student B is a Chinese student who knows about Abing. Use the information in the passage to make a conversation. A: What kind of musical instruments did Abing play? B: He could play many instruments, but he is best known for playing the erhu. 3a What kind of music or movies do you like best? What is your favorite song/movie? Make notes in the chart below. Favorite kind of music/movie Why I like this kind of music/movie Favorite song/movie Why I like this song/movie How this song/movie makes me feel Why I think others should listen to/watch this song/movie 2d Circle that or who and fi ll in the blanks with the words in the box. Abing played music (that/who) could touch the hearts of people. When we listen to his music, we can both the beauty and the sadness in it. It makes us think about the and (that/who) we have experienced in the past. For this reason, many him as the musician (that/who) has greatly infl uenced erhu music. So it is really a that not many pieces of his music were recorded. pain wounds sense pity praise 72 UNIT 9 3b Use your notes to write an article for a newspaper or magazine to tell people about your favorite kind of music/movie and your favorite song/movie. My favorite kind of music/movie is because I like music/movies which . My favorite song/movie is . It was written by/The actors are . . I think this song/movie is because . When I listen to/watch it, I feel . I think you should listen to/ watch it too because . Self Check 2 Fill in the blanks with who or that/which. 1. Th e restaurant wants to fi nd people are friendly to work there. 2. My friend May loves serious movies make her think. 3. Our teacher likes students hand in their homework on time. 4. Th e young children prefer music they can sing and dance to. 5. We know a place where you can buy clothes are smart but inexpensive. 3 Complete the sentences about yourself. 1. I don’t like music 2. I enjoy spending time in places 3. I have friends 4. I like movie stars 1 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. plenty suppose dialogues time war electronic actor spare 1. Th e comedy has of which are very humorous. 2. Since you prefer music that is relaxing, I don’t you would want to buy this music CD. 3. Christmas is a for spreading joy, so you should some time to spend with your family and friends. 4. Although he is an who does not have much experience, he did an excellent job in the new fi lm. 73 Page PB Language Goals: Talk about customs and what you are supposed to do Section A UNIT 10 You’re supposed to shake hands. Listen and check your answers in 1a.1b 1a What do people do when they meet for the fi rst time? Match the countries with the customs. Countries Customs 1. Brazil 2. the United States a. bow 3. Japan b. shake hands 4. Mexico c. kiss 5. Korea b 1c Make conversations about what people in diff erent countries do when they meet for the fi rst time. Talk about the countries in 1a or other countries. A: What are people in Korea supposed to do when they meet for the fi rst time? B: Th ey’re supposed to bow. How about in the United States? A: In the United States, they’re expected to shake hands. In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the fi rst time? You’re supposed to shake hands. 74 UNIT 10 2d Role-play the conversation. Katie: How was the welcome party for foreign students last night? John: Great! I made some new friends. But a funny thing happened. Katie: What? John: I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed. Katie: Th at’s how people in Japan are expected to greet each other. It’s impolite if you don’t bow. John: I didn’t know that. So I just stood there with my hand out. Finally, I returned the bow. Katie: I remember when I fi rst met Marie last year, I did the same thing. I held out my hand and to my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face! John: I wouldn’t mind that! Katie: Very funny. Later I found out French people are supposed to kiss when they see each other. 2c Role-play a conversation between Maria and Dan. Use the information in 2a and 2b. Dan: How was the dinner at Paul’s house last night? Maria: Well, it was OK, but I made some mistakes. I was supposed to arrive at 7:00, but ... Listen again. Fill in the blanks.2b 1. Maria was supposed to arrived at 7:00, but she . 2. In Maria’s country, when you’re invited for 7:00, you’re expected to . 3. When Maria met Paul’s mom, she was supposed to . 4. Maria should ask what she is supposed to if she is invited to a party next time. Maria is an exchange student. Last night she had dinner at an American friend’s house. Listen and check (✔) the mistakes Maria made. 2a Maria’s mistakes arrived late ate the wrong food greeted Paul’s mother the wrong way wore the wrong clothes 75 You’re supposed to shake hands. Page PB UNIT 10 In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time. We’re the capital of clocks and watches, aft er all! If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, then you’re expected to be there at noon. If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. So I make an eff ort to be on time when I meet my friends. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffi c. I don’t mind because I think it’s impolite to keep others waiting. Also, we never visit a friend’s house without calling first. We almost always make plans to see friends. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together. Where I’m from, we’re prett y relaxed about time. We don’t like to rush around, so we don’t mind if people are a litt le late sometimes. If you tell a friend you’re going to their house for dinner, it’s OK if you arrive a bit late. We like to enjoy our time slowly. We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. We oft en just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time. We don’t usually have to make plans to meet our friends. When we see each other, it’s polite for boys to shake hands and for girls to kiss each other on the side of the face. We oft en just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can! Marc LeBlanc Lausanne, Switzerland Teresa Lopez Cali, Colombia 3a Read the following opinions of a Colombian and a Swiss student. In which country is it OK to be 15 minutes late for dinner? 3c Role-play a conversation. Student A is Teresa and Student B is Marc. Teresa is late and Marc is mad. A: Hi, Marc. Sorry I’m a litt le late. B: Teresa, you’re 10 minutes late! A: It’s just 10 minutes! It’s no big deal! B: Well, in Switzerland, you’re supposed to ... 3b Read the passage again and complete the chart. Ideas and customs about ... Colombia Switzerland being on time visiting a friend’s house making plans with friends 76 UNIT 10 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Each country has diff erent rules about social situations. A traveler (not expect) (know) all of these, but it is helpful (learn) as many of these customs as possible. Trying (understand) how people think is one of the best ways to be accepted and liked in a foreign country. Learning what you (suppose) to do and (not suppose) to do in social situations may be diffi cult, but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture. 4a Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. 1. When you go abroad, it bring your passport. 2. Aft er class, students clean the chalk off the blackboard. 3. If you visit the northern coast of Norway during the winter season, it pack warm clothes. 4. If there are people in the meeting room, you knock before entering. 5. In many eastern European countries, you take off your gloves before shaking hands. be supposed to be expected to be important to Grammar Fo c u s What are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the fi rst time? You’re supposed to shake hands. You’re not supposed to kiss. When were you supposed to arrive? I was supposed to arrive at 7:00. Am I supposed to wear jeans? No, you’re expected to wear a suit and tie. Is it impolite to keep others waiting? Yes, it’s very impolite to keep others waiting. Is it important to be on time? Yes, it’s important to be on time. 4c Make a list of advice for someone coming to your country as an exchange student for the fi rst time. Work with your group to give advice about: • time • meeting people • table manners • what to do for someone’s birthday • visiting someone’s home • giving gift s 77 You’re supposed to shake hands. Page PB UNIT 10 Section B Talk about other table manners in your country. 1d A: We’re supposed to ... B: Yes, and it’s impolite to ... Listen again. Match these sentence parts.1c 1. You’re not supposed to ... a. stick your chopsticks into your food. 2. It’s impolite to ... b. point at anyone with your chopsticks. 3. You shouldn’t ... c. start eating fi rst if there are older people at the table. Mind your manners! 1. In India, you’re supposed to eat with your hands. T F 2. In China, you’re not supposed to stick your chopsticks into the food. T F 3. In Korea, the youngest person is expected to start eating fi rst. T F 4. In France, you’re supposed to put your bread on the table. T F 5. In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl. T F How much do you know about table manners around the world? Take the following quiz. Circle T for true or F for false aft er each sentence. 1a Tomorrow Steve is going to China as an exchange student. His Chinese friend Yang Ming is telling him about the table manners in China. Listen and number the pictures in the order Yang Ming talks about them. 1b 78 UNIT 10 2a What do you know about customs in foreign countries? What do you think is the biggest challenge when visiting a foreign country? e.g. My cousin went to America, and she said that learning basic table manners was her biggest challenge. She never knew what she was supposed to do at the dinner table. 2b Read the lett er and answer the questions. 1. Why is Wang Kun in France? 2. Does she enjoy staying with her host family? How do you know? 3. How does she feel about making mistakes when she speaks French? 4. What is the biggest challenge she is facing? REVIEWING Taking notes or summarizing the main ideas can help you move language from your short-term to long-term memory. Dear Laura, Th anks for your message. Yes, I’m having a great time on my student exchange program in France. I was a bit nervous before I arrived here but there was no reason to be. My host family is really nice. Th ey go out of their way to make me feel at home. Th e grandmother knows that I miss Chinese food a lot. So she actually learned how to make Chinese food! She also has a teenage granddaughter about my age. She’s really kind and she always talks to me in French to help me practice. You wouldn’t believe how quickly my French has improved because of that. I’m very comfortable speaking French now. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t worry me like it used to. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home. For example, you’re not supposed to put your bread on your plate. You’re supposed to put it on the table! I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it. Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork. Another thing is it’s impolite to say that you’re full. If you don’t want any more food, you should just say, “Th at was delicious.” Also, you’re not supposed to put your elbows on the table. I have to say that I fi nd it diffi cult to remember everything, but I’m gradually gett ing used to it. I don’t fi nd French customs so strange anymore. I’ll write again soon and tell you more about my life in France. Hope you’re having a good school year. Yours, Wang Kun 79 You’re supposed to shake hands. Page PB UNIT 10 3a An exchange student from a foreign country is coming to stay in your home. Take notes on what he/she is supposed to do and not supposed to do. Table manners It’s polite/impolite to ... House rules You’re supposed/not supposed to ... Going out with people You should ... 2c Read the sentences and replace the underlined words with the phrases in the box. 1. Making mistakes in French used to make Wang Kun nervous. 2. It was quite hard for her to feel good about speaking French. 3. Th e host family tried very hard to help Wang Kun. 4. Wang Kun has slowly learned how to be like a French person. went out of their way be comfortable (doing) gradually gott en used to being (something) worry (someone) 2d Review the passage and make notes about French customs in the chart. Dos Don’ts You’re expected to put your bread on the table. You’re not supposed to put your bread on your plate. 2e Compare the table manners in France and China in your group. How are they the same or diff erent? Make a list. e.g. In France, people put their bread on the table. But in China, we always put our food on a plate or in a bowl and never on the table. 80 UNIT 10 Self Check 1 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. 1. In many countries, it is impolite to show up at someone’s house for the fi rst time with hands. You should always bring a small gift . 2. Billy embarrassed himself last night at a fi ne-dining restaurant because he didn’t know table manners. 3. It is spending the time to learn about the customs of a country before you go there. Th at way, you will know what you are supposed to do in diff erent situations. 4. Th e is always the worst in the city. It is important to allow for more time if you are traveling by car. 5. Sandy went into her sister’s room without on the door. Th at made her sister . 3b Write a lett er to the exchange student to give him/her advice and suggestions on how to behave properly. Dear , You must be excited about coming to China soon. Let me give you some suggestions about staying in my home and some advice about China. When you’re eating at the table, it’s impolite to In our house, you’re supposed to When you go out with your friends or other people, you should Have a safe trip, and I look forward to meeting you soon! Best wishes, 2 Th ink about your culture and make statements. In my culture, you’re supposed to . you’re not supposed to . you’re expected to . it’s impolite to . it’s important to . worth capital basic tra c empty mad knocking 81 Page PB 1c Role-play a coversation between Amy and Tina. Amy: I’d rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating. Tina: But that music makes me sleepy. I want to have the hamburgers at Rockin’ Restaurant. 1a Look at the two restaurants below. Which would you like to go to? Why? Language Goals: Talk about how things affect you Sad movies make me cry. Section A UNIT 11 Listen and fi ll in the blanks. Th en match the restaurants with the statements. 1b  e Rockin’ Restaurant Th e pictures make Amy . Th e soft makes Amy .  e Blue Ocean Th e music makes Amy . Th e soft music makes Tina . 82 UNIT 11 Listen and number the pictures [1–4] in the order you hear them.2a Listen again. Complete the statements.2b 1. Waiting for Amy drove Tina . 2. Amy said loud music made her . 3. Loud music makes John . 4. Th e movie was so sad that it made Tina . 5. Sad movies don’t make John cry. Th ey just make him . 2c Look at 2a and 2b. Role-play a conversation between Tina and John. Use the example to begin your conversation. John: Did you have fun with Amy last night? Tina: Well ... yes and no. She was really late. 2d Role-play the conversation. Nancy: Hey Bert, I think I’ve made Alice mad and I’m not sure what to do about it. Bert: What happened? Nancy: You know Julie is Alice’s best friend, right? Bert: Uh-huh. Nancy: Well, the more I got to know Julie, the more I’ve realized that we have a lot in common. So we’ve been spending more time together lately. Bert: But what’s wrong with that? Nancy: Umm ... it makes Alice unhappy because she thinks Julie is now bett er friends with me than with her. Bert: I see. Mmm ... why don’t you ask Alice to join you each time you do something with Julie? Th en she won’t feel left out. Nancy: Oh, good idea! Th at can make our friendship stronger. 83 Sad movies make me cry. Page PB UNIT 11 How to Be Happy A long time ago, in a rich and peaceful country, there lived an unhappy king. He slept badly and didn’t feel like eating. His face was always pale as chalk. He oft en cried for no reason. Th is made the queen and his people worried. One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king. But he found nothing wrong with his body. “It’s all in his mind. Neither medicine nor rest can help him. What he needs is the shirt of a happy person to wear. Th at’ll make him happy.” Th e prime minister was called to the palace. But when they explained the king’s situation to him, he said, “Although I have a lot of power, it doesn’t make me happy. I’m always worried about losing my power. Many people are trying to take my position.” Th en, the king’s banker came to the palace. “Oh, I’m afraid I’m not happy either,” he said. I have a lot of wealth, but I’m always worried about losing my money. Someone tries to steal my money every day.” Next, the palace singer came to the king’s room. But this is what he said: “It’s true that I’m famous and everyone loves my songs. But I’m not happy because I’m always worried about being followed by others. I cannot be free!” Finally, the king’s top general was told to go out and fi nd a happy man in three days’ time. 3a Read the fi rst part of the story and answer the questions. 3c Role-play the story with your group. 1. Can medicine help the ill king? Why or why not? 2. Why does power not make the prime minister happy? 3. Why does money not make the banker happy? 4. Why does fame not make the singer happy? 3b Find phrases from the story with similar meanings as these phrases. 1. did not want to 2. asked to come in 3. look carefully at 4. having less infl uence 5. get someone’s job 6. come aft er someone 84 UNIT 11 The loud music makes me nervous. Soft and quiet music makes people relaxed. Money and fame don’t always make people happy. She said that the sad movie made her feel like crying. Grammar Fo c u s 4a Th ink of appropriate words for the blanks. Th en compare your choices with your partner. Dear Diary, June 29th I thought today was going to be really bad. To start with, it was cloudy and grey, and cloudy days make me . And this was the day we would get our exam results back, but I didn’t answer the exam questions very well last week. Th at made me . I walked to school with my best friend Holly. She didn’t say much to me. Th at made me a litt le . In class, the teacher handed back our exams. Th at made me . But I found out that I didn’t do too badly. Th at made me very . Th en things got even bett er. Holly bought me my favorite lemon juice and turkey sandwich for lunch, and we talked a lot. Th at made me . We both did quite well on the exam. 4c Complete the survey. Th en ask two other students. What makes you ...? You Student 1 Student 2 happy want to cry uncomfortable angry nervous feel like dancing A: What makes you angry? B: When people throw rubbish on the streets, it makes me angry. C: Me, too. It makes me want to tell them to clean up the streets. 4b How do these things make you feel? Write about your feelings. e.g. When I read about endangered animals, it makes me feel worried about the future. 1. Pollution 2. Heavy traffi c 3. People who cancel a meeting at the last minute 4. Loud music 85 Sad movies make me cry. Page PB UNIT 11 Section B 1e Do you agree with the poor man’s thoughts about happiness? Discuss your ideas with your group. Th en role-play the rest of the story. Listen again. Answer the questions.1d 1. Why was it diffi cult for the general to fi nd a happy person? 2. What was the poor man doing on the street? 3. What made the poor man so happy even though he had no power, money or fame? 4. Do you think the general will return to the king with the poor man’s shirt? Why or why not? Listen and check (✔) the things that happened in the rest of the story.1c Th e general searched for three days and found a happy person. Th e general could not fi nd a happy person. Th e general saw a poor man on the street. Th e poor man was a happy man. Th e poor man gave the general a shirt. 1b What are some other possible endings to the story? Discuss your ideas with your partner and write them down. Look at the possible endings to the story about the unhappy king. Do you think any of these is the right one? If so, which one? 1a a. Th e general cannot fi nd a happy person and the king remains unhappy forever. b. Th e general fi nds a happy person with power, money and fame. c. Th e general realizes he is a happy person and gives his shirt to the king to wear. d. Th e king suddenly becomes happy without the shirt of a happy person. 86 UNIT 11 2a Have you ever made a mistake? How did it make you feel? Talk to your partner about what happened. 2b Skim the story and number the events in the correct order. RECOGNIZING IDIOMS AND PHRASES Knowing the meanings of idioms and verb phrases can improve your English. Th e Winning Team Peter kept his eyes on the ground and felt a heavy weight on his shoulders as he walked home alone. It was the worst day of his life. His mind would not stop thinking about what happened only just an hour ago on the school soccer fi eld. How could he have missed scoring that goal? He had let his whole team down. His stupid mistake made him angry. His team lost the game because of him. He was really worried that his coach may kick him off the team. As soon as he walked through the door, his father asked, “What’s wrong, son?” Peter’s feelings were writt en all over his face. “I lost the game,” Peter replied. Th en he went into his room without another word. Ten minutes later, Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door. He opened the door to let him in. “Look, Peter. I don’t know what happened. But whatever it was, don’t be too hard on yourself.” “I lost the game, Dad. I failed my team. Th ey’ll probably never let me play again.” “Soccer is about team eff ort. You’re not the only reason your team lost. If you have a good team, you should support each other. Besides, winning or losing is only half the game. Th e other half is learning how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes.” Peter didn’t say anything but what his father said made him think carefully. Th e next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart. “Hey, guys,” he said to his teammates. “I’m really sorry about yesterday. We were so close to winning that game. But I think if we continue to pull together, we’re going to win the next one.” To his surprise and relief, his teammates all nodded in agreement. “Yeah,” they said, “don’t worry about it. It’s never just one person’s fault. We should think about how we can do bett er next time.” Peter smiled. It made him feel lucky to know that he was on a winning team. Peter got home and went to his room. Peter talked to his teammates. Peter missed a goal. Peter’s father gave him advice. Peter realized that he had been worried for no reason. 87 Sad movies make me cry. Page PB UNIT 11 2e Role-play a conversation between Peter and his father. Father: What’s wrong, Peter? You look sad. Peter: I missed scoring a goal. I made my team lose the game. Father: ... ●  winning/losing a competition ●  gett ing good/bad grades on an exam ●  performing something well/badly in front of a big group of people ●  gett ing into a fi ght with your best friend ●  your fi rst trip outside your hometown 3a Th ink of some experiences that made you feel very happy or sad. Tell your partner about them. Here are some ideas. 2d Find idioms or phrases from the story to replace the underlined parts of these sentences. 1. He could not believe that he did not get the ball into the basket. 2. She was worried because she had disappointed her parents. 3. Tony was sad that he was asked to leave the team. 4. You should learn to relax and not put so much pressure on yourself. 5. Th e teacher told the students to work hard together and not give up. 2c Read the story again and answer the questions. 1. Why did Peter feel angry and worried? 2. What kind of advice did Peter’s father off er to his son? 3. Do you agree with Peter’s father? Why or why not? 4. What happened aft er Peter told his teammates that he was sorry? 5. Why did Peter think that he was on a winning team even though they lost the last game? 88 UNIT 11 3b Write a story similar to the one in 2b using your notes in 3a. In your story, explain the following: What happened? When did it happen? Where did it happen? Why did it make you feel sad/happy? What did you learn from the experience? Self Check 1 Put the words in the appropriate place in the chart. 2 Write sentences using the words given. e.g. sad movies/cry 1. speaking in front of many people/nervous 2. not knowing anyone at a party/uncomfortable 3. soft piano music/relaxed 4. rainy days/stay at home and watch TV Sad movies make me cry. 3 Number the things [1–6] (1 = least important, 6 = most important). Write six sentences about your choices. e.g. Fame is not very important. It can make me nervous if too many people follow me around. fame power friendship wealth health family nervous unhappy uncomfortable worried comfortable relaxed angry awful happy uneasy Positive Negative 89 Page PB Language Goal: Narrate past events Life is full of the unexpected. Section A UNIT 12 1c Take turns being Tina. Look at the pictures above and talk about what happened this morning. A: What happened? B: I overslept. And by the time I got up, my brother had already gott en in the shower. 1a Look at the pictures. What happened to the girl? I’m taking a shower! Listen to Tina talking about her morning. Complete the sentences.1b 1. By the time I got up, my brother already in the shower. 2. By the time I got outside, the bus already . 3. When I got to school, I realized I my backpack at home. 1 2 3 54 90 UNIT 12 2d Role-play the conversation. Matt: Why were you late for class today, Kevin? Kevin: My alarm clock didn’t go off ! I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.! Matt: Oh, no! Kevin: So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door. Matt: You didn’t eat breakfast? Kevin: No, I didn’t even brush my teeth or wash my face! But before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left . Matt: Th en how did you get here? Kevin: Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. Matt: Well, at least by the time you got to school, the class had only started for fi ve minutes. 2c Make up an ending for the story and share it with your partner. Th e teacher looked at Tina and ... Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Th en listen again and check (✔) your answers. 2b 1. When I (get home), I realized I (leave) my keys in the backpack. 2. By the time I (get) back to school, the bell (ring). 3. By the time I (walk) into class, the teacher (start) teaching already. Listen to Tina continue her story. Number the pictures [1–4] in the correct order. 2a 91 Life is full of the unexpected. Page PB UNIT 12 3a Read the passage and answer the questions. 1. Which two events does the writer mention? 2. How did the writer end up missing both events?Life is full of the unexpected. In May 2001, I found a job in New York at the World Trade Center. On September 11, 2001, I arrived at my building at around 8:30 a.m. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coff ee fi rst. I went to my favorite coff ee place even though it was two blocks east from my offi ce. As I was waiting in line with other offi ce workers, I heard a loud sound. Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on, the fi rst plane had already hit my offi ce building. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. I felt lucky to be alive. Almost 10 years later, I woke up at 10:00 a.m. on February 21, 2011 and realized that my alarm never went off . I jumped out of bed and went straight to the airport. But by the time I got to the airport, my plane to New Zealand had already taken off . “Th is is the fi rst holiday I’ve taken in a year, and I miss my plane. What bad luck!” I thought to myself. Th e other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. Th e next morning, I heard about the earthquake in New Zealand the day before. My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing. 3b Find words from the passage with opposite meanings to the words below. Th en write a sentence with each word. 1. west: 2. dead: 3. below: 4. lost: 5. empty: 3c Retell one of the events to your partner. Use these words and phrases to help you. stare in disbelief take off unexpected burn above alive till/until arrive at be about to even though e.g. On September 11, 2001, I arrived at my ... 92 UNIT 12 When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home. When I woke up, it was already 8:00 a.m. Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. I was about to go up to my offi ce when I decided to get a coffee fi rst. As I was waiting in line with the other offi ce workers, I heard a loud sound. Grammar Fo c u s 4a Make sentences using by the time or before. e.g. Tim went into the bathroom. Tina got up. 1. Th e coff ee became cold. I put cream in the coff ee. 2. Th e teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. 3. I completed the work for my boss. Th e workday ended. 4. Th e movie started. I arrived at the cinema. 5. My mother fi nished making the apple pie. I got home from my language course. By the time Tina got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom. 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. 1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else already . 2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he to add the green beans. 3. By the time my mother came back from the market, I already out the door to go for my piano lesson. 4. Before she got to the airport, she about the earthquake. 5. When she the e-mail invitation, she remembered she had forgott en to invite Dale. 6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he the building. rush forget send out go into show up fi nd out 4c Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Your classmates then guess the false statement. 1. By the time I left for school in the morning, 2. By the end of the school day, 3. By dinner time, I 93 Life is full of the unexpected. Page PB UNIT 12 Section B 1e Tell the April Fool’s Day stories in your group. Use the information in 1c and 1d. A: What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day? B: Well, a friend invited him to a costume party ... 4a Make sentences using by the time or before. e.g. Tim went into the bathroom. Tina got up. 1. Th e coff ee became cold. I put cream in the coff ee. 2. Th e teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. 3. I completed the work for my boss. Th e workday ended. 4. Th e movie started. I arrived at the cinema. 5. My mother fi nished making the apple pie. I got home from my language course. By the time Tina got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom. fool invite costume embarrassed go off get up get dressed empty show up realize change clock tired stay up Put these words in the correct columns in the chart. (Some words can go in more than one column.) 1a Nouns (people, places, things) Verbs (action words) Adjectives (description words) fool fool embarrassed Tell your partner about something that happened to you recently. Use two or more words in 1a. 1b Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party. On Saturday, I got up late and ... 1. a costume party 4. was tired 2. my alarm went off 5. really embarrassed 3. stayed up all night 6. the other kids showed up D Listen again. Who says each of the phrases below? Write D for Dave, N for Nick and J for Joe. 1d Dave, Nick and Joe are talking about April Fool’s Day. Listen and write each person’s name under the correct picture. 1c ca b d 94 UNIT 12 2a Have you ever played jokes on others, especially on April Fool’s Day? Have you ever been fooled by others? Tell your story to your partner. April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in diff erent countries around the world. It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghett i because the spaghett i farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghett i. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much spaghett i as they could. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghett i across the country had been sold out. Another famous trick in England was when a TV show reported the discovery of special water. Th ey said this water would help people lose weight and that one customer had already lost a lot of weight in just four months. By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had phoned the TV station to fi nd out how to get this water. Many April Fool’s jokes may end up being not very funny. A famous TV star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. He asked her to marry him. Th e lady was so happy because she really wanted to get married. However, when she said “yes”, he replied, “April Fool!” Th at litt le joke didn’t have a very happy ending. Th e TV star lost both his girlfriend and his show. One of the world’s most famous tricks, however, happened in October rather than April. In that month in 1938, actor Orson Welles announced on his radio program that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. He described where they had landed and told how they were moving across the United States. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country. By the time police offi cers announced that the story was a hoax, thousands of people had left their homes. 2b Read the passage quickly. Th en match each paragraph with the main idea. Paragraph 1 The most famous trick played Paragraph 2 Examples of funny stories that happened on April Fool’s Day Paragraph 3 An introduction to April Fool’s Day Paragraph 4 A sad story that happened on April Fool’s Day USING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE Carefully reading the fi rst sentence in each paragraph can activate your own knowledge of the topic and help you guess what the whole text is about. 95 Life is full of the unexpected. Page PB UNIT 12 What was the date? What happened fi rst? Was this unlucky or lucky? Why? What happened next? How did the day end? How did you feel about this day? 3a Can you remember a lucky or an unlucky day? What happened? Make some notes about what you remember. 2e Tell your funny story from 2a to the class. Th e class will vote for: A: What’s your story? B: Well, last year, on the fi rst day of school, my sister put a piece of paper on my back that said “Please say hello.” All morning at school ... a. the funniest joke b. the most embarrassing joke c. the most creative joke 2c Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. Why did the supermarkets run out of spaghett i one April Fool’s Day? 2. What did the TV show say that the special water could do? 3. Why did the TV star’s joke have a bad ending? 4. When did Orson Welles tell people about aliens from Mars landing on the earth? 5. Why did so many people believe Orson Welles? 6. Which of these stories is the most believable? Which is the least believable? Why? 7. Would you be fooled by any of these stories? 2d Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. Aft er the spaghett i story (appear) in the news, everyone (rush) to the supermarkets. 2. By the time people (fi nd out) the story was not true, all the spaghett i in the supermarkets (disappear). 3. By the time the day (end), more than 10,000 people (call) the TV station to ask about the special water. 4. By the time the show (end), the TV star (lose) his girlfriend. 5. By the time police offi cers (tell) the country that the story was a hoax, many people (run away). 96 UNIT 12 3b Write a story about your lucky or unlucky day and tell your story to a partner or the class. My lucky/unlucky day I will always remember the date . This was the luckiest/ unluckiest day of my life. When I woke up that morning, Later that day, I couldn’t believe Then/After that, Finally, I think What a lucky/an unlucky day! Self Check 2 Th ink of ways to fi nish the answers. 1. Why didn’t you hand in your science homework? Before I could start working on it, 2. Why didn’t you take a shower this morning? By the time I got up, 3. Why did you have to walk home from school? By the time I left my school, 1 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. block course discovery lady offi cer market pie west above Last Saturday aft er my French , I decided to drive to the to buy a meat for dinner. As I was heading , I saw a huge truck the road. Th ere had been an accident and there were many police around. So I had to turn around and take the longer way to the market. By the time I got to the market, the pie shop had already closed. However, I noticed a new bakery the pie shop which was still open. I went inside and bought a sandwich from the friendly who was the owner. It turned out that the sandwich was delicious so I had made a great ! 97 Page PB Language Goal: Talk about pollution and environmental protection Section A UNIT 13 We’re trying to save the earth! 1c Role-play the conversation. Th en make your own conversations about the kinds of pollution in 1a. Mark: Th e river was dirty. Even the bott om of the river was full of rubbish. Tony: But it used to be so clean! Mark: Yes, but people are litt ering in the river. Tony: Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up! Listen and complete the sentences.1b What was the problem? Th e river was . Even the bott om of the river was full of . Th ere was no more for fi shermen to catch. What caused the problem? People are in the river. Factories are into the river. How should the problem be solved? We should write to the and ask them to the factories. Everyone should the river. 1a Here are some words related to diff erent kinds of pollution. Write them in the box below. Th en add more words. loud music cars rubbish planes litt ering ships factories smoking building houses mobile phones noise pollution air pollution water pollution 98 UNIT 13 Listen to the interview. Circle the kinds of pollution that Jason and Susan talk about. 2a A. waste pollution B. air pollution C. noise pollution D. water pollution Listen again and complete the sentences.2b 1. Th e air is badly polluted because there are on the road these days. 2. Factories that burn coal also the air with a lot of black smoke. 3. Th ere is also too much rubbish and waste. People things away every day. 4. People are also in public places like parks. Th is turns beautiful parks into ugly places. 2c Use the information in 2a and 2b to role-play conversations between Jason and Susan. Jason: Th e air has become really polluted around here. I’m really gett ing worried. Susan: Yes, I used to be able to see stars in the sky. Jason: Th e problem is that ... 2d Role-play the conversation. Interviewer: Jason and Susan, what are your ideas for solving these problems? Jason: Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. Susan: Yeah, or ride a bike. Other advantages of bike riding are that it’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything! Interviewer: Great ideas! What about waste pollution? Susan: Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago. Jason: Me, too. Also, I never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when I buy takeaway food. I use the ones at home. Susan: And remember to throw rubbish in the cans and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone. Interviewer: So together, our actions can make a diff erence and lead to a bett er future! 99 We’re trying to save the earth! Page PB UNIT 13 3a Discuss the questions with a partner. 1. Have you ever seen a shark? 2. What do you know about sharks? 3b Read the passage. Complete the fact sheet below. Many have heard of shark’s fi n soup. Th is famous and expensive dish is especially popular in southern China. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark’s fi n soup? When people catch sharks, they cut off their fi ns and throw the shark back into the ocean. Without a fi n, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Th is method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. Th e numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “fi nning”. Th ey have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark’s fi ns. So far, no scientifi c studies have shown that shark’s fi ns are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks! Where shark’s fi n soup is popular Number of sharks caught and traded every year How much the numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen in the last 20 to 30 years Two environmental groups which are against fi nning 3c Read the passage and fi ll in the blanks with the words in the box. 1. Many people do not realize they are killing a whole shark they enjoy a bowl of shark’s fi n soup. 2. Sharks are at the top of the food chain, if their numbers drop, the ocean’s ecosystem will be in danger. 3. Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered, they are wrong. 4. there are no scientifi c studies to support this, a lot of people believe that shark’s fi ns are good for health. 5. Sharks may disappear one day we do not do something to stop the sale of shark’s fi ns. so although if but when 100 UNIT 13 Grammar Fo c u s We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive The river used to be so clean. used to It was considered the nicest river in town. Passive voice The air has become really polluted. Present perfect We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs 4c In your group, make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and present them. Th e class can agree or disagree with you. A: We think that everyone should use public transportation. B: We disagree. It’s diffi cult for parents with young children to use public transportation ... use public transportation Interviewer: you ever (take) part in an environmental project? Ken: Yes, I have. I (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ever (have). Interviewer: How many people (take) part? Ken: I (think) more than 1,000 people (come) to help out. Interviewer: Th at’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is (try) to improve the environment. Ken: Yes, everyone should (play) a part in keeping the city clean. 4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4b Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box. can would could have to should must may/might When it comes to saving the earth, people think that big things be done. However, many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You also use paper or reusable bags instead of plastic bags. In some stores, you now pay for plastic bags. I think this is a great idea. And instead of driving to school or work, you ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you take the bus. All these small things add up and become big things that improve the environment. We cannot aff ord to wait any longer before taking action! 101 We’re trying to save the earth! Page PB UNIT 13 stop riding in cars recycle books and paper turn off the lights when you leave a room turn off the shower while you are washing your hair don’t use paper napkins Section B Saving endangered animals is one thing we can do for our world. What else can we do to help save the planet? Rank these items from the easiest (1) to the most diffi cult (5). 1a Listen again. Check (✔) the things that Julia is doing now, the things she will do in the future and the things she would never do. 1d Make a conversation using the information in 1c. Say what is true for you.1e A: We really shouldn’t use paper napkins, you know. B: I know. I stopped using them last year. Compare your answers in 1a with a partner. 1b A: Recycling paper is really easy. B: I agree. But it’s hard to stop riding in cars. Listen and check (✔) the things that Julia and Jack talk about.1c Things Julia and Jack talk about Things Julia is doing now Things Julia will do in the future Things Julia would never do turning off the lights turning off the shower not using paper napkins taking your own bags when shopping not riding in cars riding a bike recycling paper ✔ 102 UNIT 13 Rethink, Reuse, Recycle! Do you oft en throw away things you don’t need anymore? Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use? Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind. You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. Th e windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down. Th e top of the house is an old boat turned upside down. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bott les. Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society. Th e president said, “Amy is an inspiration to us all.” Amy isn’t the only one who is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don’t wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few years now. She opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also set up a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. Her bags are cute and useful. “I plan to write a book about new ways to use old clothes,” she said. “I hope people can read my book and enjoy it!” Wang Tao set up a small business in Shanghai four years ago. He is known for using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. Th e more popular works can even been seen in art shops around the city. Wang Tao hopes to set up a “metal art” theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a litt le creativity. 2a Look at the title and the pictures in 2b. Can you guess what the passage is about? UNDERSTANDING PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES Recognize how prefi xes and suffi xes may change the meanings of words and how they are used. 2b Read the passage and complete the chart below. Names What materials did they use? What did they make? 103 We’re trying to save the earth! Page PB UNIT 13 2e Make a list of things that need to be done to save the environment. Which things can be done by regular people every day? Which things have to be done by governments and organizations? Discuss these with your group. 3a Th ink about the environment in your town or city. Which parts of the town or city have a nice environment and why? Which parts may be less nice and need to be improved? Why? Good environment Why? Bad environment Why? 2c Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box. 1. Amy Hayes lives in the UK. Many of the old buildings in her neighborhood were . 2. All the rubbish and old things in Amy’s neighborhood were then when Amy built her house. 3. Amy is very creative and she her front gate rocks and old glass bott les. She put an old boat on top of her house. 4. Jessica Wong sells her bags in a small shop, but she has also an online business to sell them. 5. Th ough Jessica’s bags are made from old clothes, her bags are being cute and useful. 6. Wang Tao makes large pieces of metal art that look like animals or humans, makes smaller pieces for the home. put to good use build ... out of pull down set up known for not only ... but also 2d Underline the words in the passage based on the words below. What are the diff erences? think use usual actual build create special recent environment important protect inspire 104 UNIT 13 Self Check 1 Write diff erent forms of the words. Th en add more to each group. In your lett er, describe the environmental problems in your town or city. What are the problems? Where are they? What or who is causing these problems? Also, give suggestions or possible ways to solve the problems. I think that ... We should/could ... I suggest ... 3b Write a lett er to the city mayor about the problems and your suggestions. v. — n. n. — adj. adj. — n. adj. — adv. pollute— fame— diff erent— slow— act— wood— important— probable— protect— science— recent— inspire— health— real— build— south— create— harm— 3 Write ways to cut down on these kinds of pollution. Kinds of pollution Ways to cut down water pollution waste pollution noise pollution air pollution 2 Match each statement with the grammar structure. Statement Grammar Th e river used to be so clean. Present progressive We have seen many changes in the environment. Modal verbs People should take public transportation more. Passive voice Th e river is polluted by factories. used to Th e air pollution is gett ing worse and worse. Present perfect 105 Page PB Language Goals: Share past memories and experiences; Look ahead to the future Section A UNIT 14 1a Check (✔) the things you remember doing at junior high school. Add more to the list. 1c List some memories and experiences from junior high school. Share your lists with your partner. Memories Experiences I remember ... I have ... scoring two goals in a row during a soccer competition learned to play the keyboard in music class Listen and match the memory with the person.1b Mary a. used to be scared of a teacher with high standards Frank b. remembers losing a schoolbag Sarah c. remembers meeting this group of friends Peter d. has enjoyed every year of junior high school At junior high school, I remember: winning a prize being a volunteer once doing a school survey a friend helping me with a problem I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. Well, junior high school days are over. Do you have any special memories? I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. 106 UNIT 14 Listen again. Match each question with the name of the person.2b Question Answer 1. Who wants to study medicine? a. Luke 2. Who told someone to take a break from running? b. Brian 3. Who hurt his or her knee? c. Mr. Hunt 4. Who thinks the Th at’s Life concert is the best memory? d. Lisa 2d Role-play the conversation. Judy: Which teachers will you miss the most aft er junior high school, Clara? Clara: Ms. Lee and Mr. Brown. Judy: I know that Ms. Lee was always patient with you in math class. She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matt er how diffi cult they were. Clara: Yes, and Mr. Brown guided me to do a lot bett er in science. He always took the time to explain things to me clearly whenever I couldn’t understand anything. Who will you miss? Judy: Ms. Griffi n. She encouraged me in English class. She always told me, “You can do it!” Because of her, I put in more eff ort and my exam scores doubled. Clara: Shall we get each of them a card and gift to say thank you? Judy: Good idea. Let’s go shopping tomorrow! Listen to the conversation. Check (✔) the facts you hear.2a Someone didn’t like P.E. Someone was encouraged by a teacher. Someone had a health problem. Someone joined the school band. Someone wants to become a secretary. 2c Role-play a conversation in your group using the information in 2a and 2b. A: Do you remember Mr. Hunt? B: Of course! He’s a great teacher. He gave really clear instructions during P.E. class. C: Yeah, he ... 107 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. Page PB UNIT 14 3a Skim the passage and answer the questions. 1. What kind of writing is this? 2. What is the main subject of this writing? 3. Who do you think the writer is? 3c Have you experienced any of the following things? How did you feel? How does the writer feel about them? 1. trying to be on time for morning readings 2. running to the dining hall when the lunch bell rings 3. training for sports day 4. starting the fi rst day in Grade 7 5. slowly making some new friends 6. helping classmates with homework 7. preparing for art festivals 8. going to New Year’s parties 9. learning English 3b Read the poem. Write the words that rhyme with the words below. I Remember Looking back at these past three years I remember many things Trying to be on time for morning readings Running when the lunch bell rings I remember the excitement Of the school sports day each year The many long hours of training Pride of overcoming fear I remember starting day one The shyest in my whole class Never speaking to anyone And thinking I would not pass Then slowly I made some new friends To remember forever Helping each other with homework Getting better together Preparing for art festivals And making a great big mess Having fun at New Year’s parties Wishing everyone the best We have learned a different language That is from a foreign land English brings many challenges We work hard to understand And now it’s time to graduate We will leave our lovely school I can’t believe it’s been three years I’m trying to keep my cool But it’s difficult not to cry I’ll miss the school trees and flowers And our kind and caring teachers Wonderful memories of ours things year class land school fl owers rings 108 UNIT 14 4b Write your own answers to the questions. 1. What do you remember about Grade 7? 2. What happened in Grade 8 that was special? 3. What did you use to do that you don’t do now? 4. How have you changed since you started junior high school? 5. How do you think things will be diff erent in senior high school? 6. What are your plans for next year? 7. What are you looking forward to? 4a Number the sentences to make a paragraph. When I get to senior high, I will join the school swimming team. My time in junior high school has been enjoyable. In Grade 8, I studied harder but I still got poor grades in English. I had problems with pronunciation and reading texts. So the next year, I worked much harder and got bett er grades. Next year, I will be in senior high school. I can’t believe how fast the time went by! Th is year, with Mr. Trent’s help, my English level has been improving and I hope to get good grades at the end of the year. In the fi rst year, I didn’t work very hard in class, but I joined many diff erent school clubs and had a lot of fun. 1 What happened in Grade 7 that was special? Our team won the school basketball competition. How have you changed since you started junior high school? I’ve become much better at speaking English. How do you think things will be different in senior high school? I think that I’ll have to study much harder for exams. What are your plans for next year? I’m going to join the school volleyball team. What do you remember about Grade 8? I remember being a volunteer. What did you use to do that you don’t do now? I used to take dance lessons, but I don’t anymore. What are you looking forward to? I’m looking forward to going to senior high school. Grammar Fo c u s 109 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. Page PB UNIT 14 Section B Talk about what you hope to do in the future. 1b What do you hope to do in the future? I hope to get a business degree and become a manager. Listen again. Complete the passage.1d Today is the students’ last class. Bob feels about it and thinks Mrs. Chen’s classes have been . The students talk about what they want to do in the future. Ken is good at and he won a for it. So he wants to be an . Mrs. Chen believes in all of them and tells them to “ ”. To celebrate the end of junior high, they’re having a . They ask Mrs. Chen to come, and she is happy to accept the invitation. Prepare a speech for your graduation. Use the questions to help you. Present your speech to your group. 1e How have you changed since you started junior high school? Who has helped you most? What advice have your parents given you? What will you do after you graduate? What are you looking forward to? Write about what you would like to do in the future.1a 1. 2. 3. get a business degree and become a manager Listen to a class discussion. Check (✔) the hopes you hear.1c ✔ 110 UNIT 14 2a What is the most important thing you have learned in junior high school? Discuss the question with a partner. Ladies and gentlemen, Th ank you for coming today to att end the graduation ceremony at No. 3 Junior High School. First of all, I’d like to congratulate all the students who are here today. I remember meeting all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school. You were all so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge. And yes, some of you were a litt le diffi cult to deal with! But today I see a room full of talented young adults who are full of hope for the future. You’ve all grown up so much and I’m so proud of you. Although you’ve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you could have succeeded by yourselves. Along the way, I’m sure many people have helped and supported you. I’d like you to remember to thank all of these important people in your lives — your parents, your teachers, your classmates and your friends. Please consider what they’ve done for you and what they mean to you. Never fail to be thankful to the people around you. Lastly, the end of junior high school is the beginning of a new life. I don’t need to tell you that life in senior high school will be harder and that you have many diffi cult tasks ahead of you. You’ll make mistakes along the way, but the key is to learn from your mistakes and never give up. But along with diffi culties, there will also be many exciting things waiting for you. Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things, and you have the ability to make your own choices. Choose wisely and be responsible for your decisions and actions. Although you have to go your separate ways now, I wish that in a few years’ time, you’ll come back to visit our school. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldn’t forget where you came from. Th e future is yours. Good luck and hope to see you again soon sometime! IDENTIFYING TEXT TYPE AND PURPOSE Quickly skim through a text to see what kind of writing it is, who wrote it and why it was written. 2b Read the passage and answer the questions. 1. What kind of text is this? Is it a story, a speech or a notice? 2. Who do you think wrote it? 3. Who is it for? 111 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. Page PB UNIT 14 2c Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. What were the students like in Grade 7? 2. How have the students changed? 3. Who should the students thank and why? 4. What will senior high be like? 5. How should the students deal with the future? 6. What advice would you give to students who are just starting junior high school? 2e Underline the sentences you like in the passage. Tell your partner what they mean and why you like them. 2d Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. 1. It is time to say good-bye, but of us wanted to leave our classmates and teachers. 2. It is always hard to from those whom you have spent so much time with for the past three years. However, we are still excited to when we enter senior high. 3. Th e teacher can tell we knowledge from our eyes. She tells us that knowledge will give us wings to fl y. 4. We will the junior high graduation ceremony tomorrow. It is a very special time for us. 5. Our teachers and parents will us because we have grown up and can be responsible for ourselves. att end be thirsty for none separate set out on a new journey be proud of 3a Th ink of a person or an event from junior high school that you will never forget. Make some notes about how this person or event changed your life in some way. Who is the person? / What is the event? When and where did you fi rst meet this person? / When and where did this event happen? How did you feel when you met this person? / How did you feel when this event happened? How did this person help you? / What happened later? How has this person’s advice / event changed your life? 112 UNIT 14 Self Check 2 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. I can’t (believe) that today is the last day of junior high school. I still (remember) the fi rst day of Grade 7 like it was yesterday. I used to (be) a really shy person, so on the fi rst day of junior high, I (be) so scared and nervous. I (think) that I would never make any friends. But now, I (realize) that I was just being silly. Since then, I (make) so many good friends and I (share) so many good memories with them. Even though I (be) sad that junior high is over, I (look) forward to new experiences in senior high! 3b Write a passage about the person or event you thought about in 3a. Describe the person/event. Explain how you feel about this person/event. Describe how this person/event has changed your life. 1 What happened in junior high that made you have these feelings? Complete the chart. Feelings Memories/Experiences excited happy worried sad tired proud shy 113 Page PB Grammar I. 动词（Verbs） 1. 被动语态（Passive Voice） 1) 主动语态和被动语态 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语的形式为主动语态；当主语为动作的 承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。例如： Many people speak English.（主动语态，句子的主语many people是动作speak 的执行者） English is spoken by many people. （被动语态，句子的主语English是动作speak 的承受者） Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（主动语态） The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.（被动语态） 2) 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有人称、数 和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词ask为例， 将一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下： 3) 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例 如： Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions. Grammar 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 一般现在时 I am asked … He/She is asked … We/You are asked … They are asked … I am not asked … He/She is not asked … We/You are not asked … They are not asked … Am I asked …? Is he/she asked …? Are we/you asked …? Are they asked …? 一般过去时 I was asked … He/She was asked … We/You were asked … They were asked … I was not asked … He/She was not asked … We/You were not asked … They were not asked … Was I asked …? Was he/she asked …? Were we/you asked …? Were they asked …? Grammar 114 Your room must be cleaned every day. The trees may be planted behind the house. This game can be played in the winter. 　 4) 被动语态的用法 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者， 或者 只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。例如： The blouse is made of silk. The zipper is often used in our daily lives. I think the TV was invented after the car. 被动语态常用于陈述事实，一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。 2. 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense） 1) 过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“助动词had（用于各种人称和数）＋过去分词”构成。 2) 过去完成时的用法 注：had not 常简略为hadn’t。 3. 情态动词 （Modal Verbs） 很多情态动词都可以用于表达推测，但所包含的意义不尽相同。 1) must must表示很大的可能性，意为“一定；必定”，只用于肯定句中。 The backpack must belong to Carla. 那个背包肯定是卡拉的。 It’s 10:00 p.m. He must be at home by now. 现在是晚上十点。他这会儿肯定在家。 2) can和can’t can常用于否定句或疑问句中表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等。can’t表示“不大可 能”。例如： Can it be true? 那可能是真的吗？ What can he mean? 他可能是什么意思呢？ * 用法 例句 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作 之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示 动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示 过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短 语，也可用when, before等引导的从句， 或者通过上下文表示。 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema. By the time I got to the airport, my flight had already taken off. 115 Page PB Grammar He can’t be more than 40. 他不可能超过四十岁。 I trust Joe. He can’t be lying. 我信任乔。他不大可能说谎。 除了上述情态动词以外，may, might, could都能表示“可能”。could, might语 气更委婉，might语气最为缓和，含义更不确定。例如： She looks beautiful. I think she may be an actress. 她看起来很漂亮。我觉得她可 能是个演员。 It could be Mei’s hair band. Or it might belong to Linda. They both have long hair. 这有可能是梅的发带，也有可能是琳达的。她们俩都是长发。 II. 宾语从句（Objective Clauses） 在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句由“关联词+主 语+谓语”构成。引导宾语从句的常见关联词有 that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和 how等。 III. 定语从句（Attributive Clauses） 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常置于它修饰的 名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。例如： I like music that I can dance to. Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 上面两句中的music和musicians 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫作先行词，定语从句放 在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that, which, who（宾格whom，所有格 从句原形 关联词 例句 陈述句 that（在口语或非正式 文体中常省略） I think (that) Halloween is a fun festival. Mary thinks (that) the teams were just fantastic. Many think (that) sharks are too strong to be endangered. 一般疑问句 whether, if（在口语中 常用 if） I wonder if/whether they’ll have the races again next year. Ben wonders if/whether April is a good time to visit Thailand. 特殊疑问句 who, what, which, when, where, how, why Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Do you know when the bookstore closes today? I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous. Can you tell me who she is? Grammar 116 whose）和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间， 起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。 由关系代词引导的定语从句： 注：关系代词在句中作宾语时常可省略。 IV. 构词法（Word Formation） 英语中很多单词的构成形式是有规律的，掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和记忆词汇。 英语的常见构词法有合成（Compounding）、派生（Derivation）和转化（Conversion）。 缩写和简写（Abbreviation and Simplification）也是构词法的一种。 1. 合成法（Compounding） 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法。例如： 复合名词 classroom（名词＋名词） blackboard（形容词＋名词） 复合形容词 worldwide（名词＋形容词） good-looking（形容词＋分词） 复合动词 overcome（副词＋动词） 复合数词 fifty-four（数词＋数词） 复合代词 everything, somebody, anything, nobody（不定代词＋名词） 复合副词 downstairs（副词＋名词） whole-heartedly（形容词＋副词） 2. 派生法（Derivation） 在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫做派生法。加在单词 前的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。 关系代词 例 句 that在从句中作 主语或宾语 指 物 I love movies that are funny. （作主语） April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world. （作主语） Everything (that) you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. （作宾语） which 在从句中 作主语或宾语 指 物 The book which is on the table is mine. （作主语） The story (which) he told was very interesting. （作宾语） who, whom在从 句中分别作主语 和宾语 指 人 I’d like to congratulate all the students who are here today.（作主语） I love singers who write their own music. (作主语） The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li.（作宾语） 117 Page PB Grammar 3. 转化法（Conversion） 一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义 往往与之前的意义联系密切。 名词转化为动词 show n. 展览；展示 → show v. 表演；展出 water n. 水 → water v. 浇水 形容词转化为动词 slow adj. 慢的 → slow v. 放慢 动词转化为名词 walk v. 散步；走 → take a walk n. 散步 look v. 看 → have a look n. 看一下，看一看 4. 缩写和简写（Abbreviation and Simplification） 缩写和简写（也被称为截断法或缩短法）主要采取“截头”、“去尾”或者“既截 头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。例如： telephone → phone airplane → plane laboratory → lab mathematics → math advertisement → ad examination → exam influenza → flu 后 缀 示 例 -or / -er （从事某种职业的人，名词后 缀） actor, visitor, director, singer, runner, worker, driver -ist （人，名词后缀） artist, scientist, tourist, terrorist -ese （民族、语言，名词后缀） Chinese, Japanese -tion （表示动作、状态，名词后缀） invitation, attraction, population, pronunciation -ful （充满，形容词后缀） successful, beautiful, colorful, wonderful -y （表性质，形容词后缀） funny, healthy, cloudy, windy -ing （形容词后缀） boring, exciting, interesting, outstanding -ed （形容词后缀） surprised, balanced, relaxed, talented -al （⋯⋯的，形容词后缀） traditional, international, natural -able （能够，形容词后缀） comfortable, unforgettable -less （没有、无，形容词后缀） homeless, helpless, careless -ly （副词或形容词后缀） really, usually, finally, friendly 前 缀 示 例 un- （不、非，表示否定） unfriendly, unpleasant, uncomfortable dis- （不、非，表示否定） disadvantage, dishonest, disagree bi- （两个、双边的） bicycle inter- （相互、交互、在一起） interview, international, Internet re- （又、再、重新） review, return, rewrite tele- （远） telephone, television Grammar 118 另外还有很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成，例如： CD (compact disk) CCTV (China Central Television) kg (kilogram) NBA (National Basketball Association) UFO (unidentified flying object) UN (United Nations) ID (identification) USA (United States of America) WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature or World Wildlife Fund) 119 Page PB Words and Expressions in Each Unit Unit 1 textbook /tekstbUk/ n. 教科书；课本 p.1 conversation /kQnv@seISn/, /kA:nv@rseISn/ n. 交谈；谈话 p.2 aloud /@laUd/ adv. 大声地；出声地 p.2 pronunciation /pr@nVnsieISn/ n. 发音；读音 p.2 sentence /sent@ns/ n.句子 p.2 patient /peISnt/ adj.有耐心的 n.病人 p.2 expression /IkspreSn/ n. 表达（方式）；表示 p.3 discover /dIskVv@(r)/ v. 发现；发觉 p.3 secret /si:kr@t/ n. 秘密；秘诀 adj. 秘密的；保密的 p.3 fall in love with 爱上；与⋯⋯相爱 p.3 grammar /gr{m@(r)/ n.语法 p.3 repeat /rIpi:t/ v.重复；重做 p.4 note /n@Ut/ n.笔记；记录 v. 注意；指出 p.4 pal /p{l/ n. 朋友；伙伴 p.4 pattern /p{tn/, /p{t@rn/ n. 模式；方式 p.4 physics /fIzIks/ n. 物理；物理学 p.4 chemistry /kemIstri/ n.化学 p.4 partner /pA:(r)tn@(r)/ n. 搭档；同伴 p.5 pronounce /pr@naUns/ v.发音 p.5 increase /Inkri:s/ v. 增加；增长 p.5 speed /spi:d/ n. 速度 p.5 ability /@bIl@ti/ n.能力；才能 p.6 brain /breIn/ n. 大脑 p.6 active /{ktIv/ adj. 活跃的；积极的 p.6 aention /@tenSn/ n. 注意；关注 p.6 pay attention to 注意；关注 p.6 connect /k@nekt/ v. （使）连接；与⋯⋯有联系 p.6 connect … with 把⋯⋯和⋯⋯连接或联系起来 p.6 overnight /@Uv@(r)naIt/ adv. 一夜之间；在夜间 p.6 review /rIvju:/ v. & n. 回顾；复习 p.6 knowledge /nQlIdZ/, /nA:lIdZ/ n. 知识；学问 p.6 wisely /waIzli/ adv. 明智地；聪明地 p.6 Annie /{ni/安妮（女名） p.2 Alexander /{lIgz{nd@r/ Graham /greI@m/ Bell /bel/ 亚历山大 · 格雷厄姆 · 贝尔 p.6 Unit 2 lantern /l{nt@(r)n/ n. 灯笼 p.9 stranger /streIndZ@(r)/ n. 陌生人 p.10 relative /rel@tIv/ n.亲属；亲戚 p.10 put on 增加（体重）；发胖 p.10 pound /paUnd/ n.磅（重量单位）； 英镑（英国货币单位） p.10 Words and Expressions in Each Unit （注：在本词表中，重点词汇用黑体标出。 在英式和美式发音有区别时，英式发音在前，美式发音在后。） Words and Expressions in Each Unit 120 folk /f@Uk/ adj.民间的；民俗的 p.11 goddess /gQdes/, /gA:d@s/ n. 女神 p.11 steal /sti:l/ v. (stole /st@Ul/, stolen /st@Ul@n/)偷；窃取 p.11 lay /leI/ v. (laid /leId/, laid) 放置；安放；产（卵）；下（蛋） p.11 lay out 摆开；布置 p.11 dessert /dI"z3:(r)t/ n. （饭后）甜点； 甜食 p.11 garden /gA:(r)dn/ n. 花园；园子 p.11 admire /@dmaI@(r)/ v. 欣赏；仰慕 p.11 tie /taI/ n. 领带 v. 捆；束 p.12 haunted /hO:ntId/ adj.有鬼魂出没的； 闹鬼的 p.13 ghost /g@Ust/ n. 鬼；鬼魂 p.13 trick /trIk/ n. 花招；把戏 p.13 treat /tri:t/ n. 款待；招待 v.招待；请（客） p.13 spider /spaId@(r)/ n. 蜘蛛 p.13 Christmas /krIsm@s/n. 圣诞节 p.14 fool /fu:l/ n. 蠢人；傻瓜 v. 愚弄 adj. 愚蠢的 p.14 lie /laI/ v. (lay /leI/, lain /leIn/) 平躺；处于 p.14 novel /nQvl/, /nA:vl/ n. （长篇）小说 p.14 eve /i:v/ n. （尤指宗教节假日的）前夕； 前夜 p.14 dead /ded/ adj. 死的；失去生命的 p.14 business /bIzn@s/ n. 生意；商业 p.14 punish /pVnIS/ v. 处罚；惩罚 p.14 warn /wO:(r)n/ v. 警告；告诫 p.14 present /preznt/ n. 现在；礼物 adj. 现在的 p.14 nobody /n@Ub@di/, /n@UbA:di/ pron. 没有人 p.14 warmth /wO:(r)mT/ n. 温暖；暖和 p.14 spread /spred/ v. 传播；展开 n.蔓延；传播 p.14 Macao /m@kaU/ 澳门 p.10 Chiang Mai /tSi{NmaI/, /dZA:NmaI/ 清迈（泰国城市） p.10 Halloween /h{l@Ui:n/ 万圣节前夕 p.13 St. /seInt/ Valentine’s /v{l@ntaInz/ Day 情人节 p.14 Clara /klA:r@/, /kler@/克拉拉（女名） p.10 Santa /s{nt@/ Claus /klO:z/ 圣诞老人 p.14 Charles /tSA:(r)lz/ Dickens /dIkInz/ 查尔斯 · 狄更斯 （英国作家） p.14 Scrooge /skru:dZ/ 斯克鲁奇 n. （非正式）吝啬鬼 p.14 Jacob /dZeIk@b/ Marley /mA:(r)li/ 雅各布 · 马利 p.14 Unit 3 restroom /restru:m/ n. （美）洗手间；公共厕所 p.17 stamp /st{mp/ n. 邮票；印章 p.17 bookstore /bUkstO:(r)/ n. 书店 p.17 postcard /p@UstkA:(r)d/ n. 明信片 p.18 pardon /pA:(r)dn/ interj. 请再说一遍；抱歉，对不起 p.18 washroom /wQSru:m/, /wA:Sru:m/ n. 洗手间；厕所 p.18 bathroom /bA:Tru:m/, /b{Tru:m/ n. 浴室；洗手间 p.18 121 Page PB Words and Expressions in Each Unit quick /kwIk/adj. 快的；迅速的 adv. 快速地；迅速地 p.18 rush /rVS/ v. & n. 仓促；急促 p.18 suggest /s@dZest/ v. 建议；提议 p.19 staff /stA:f/, /st{f/ n. 管理人员； 职工 p.19 grape /greIp/ n.葡萄 p.20 central /sentr@l/ adj.中心的； 中央的 p.20 mail /meIl/ v. 邮寄；发电子邮件 n. 邮件；信件 p.20 east /i:st/ adj. 东方的；东部的 adv. 向东；朝东 n. 东；东方 p.20 fascinating /f{sIneItIN/ adj. 迷人的；极有吸引力的 p.21 convenient /k@nvi:ni@nt/ adj. 便利的；方便的 p.21 mall /mO:l/ n. 商场；购物中心 p.21 clerk /klA:k/, /kl3:rk/ n. 职员 p.21 corner /kO:(r)n@(r)/ n. 拐角；角落 p.21 polite /p@laIt/ adj. 有礼貌的； 客气的 p.22 politely /p@laItli/ adv. 礼貌地； 客气地 p.22 speaker /spi:k@(r)/ n. 讲（某种语言）的人；发言者 p.22 request /rIkwest/ n. 要求；请求 p.22 choice /tSOIs/ n. 选择；挑选 p.22 direction /d@rekSn, daIrekSn/ n. 方向；方位 p.22 correct /k@rekt/ adj. 正确的； 恰当的 p.22 direct /d@rekt, daIrekt/ adj. 直接的； 直率的 p.22 whom /hu:m/ pron. 谁；什么人 p.22 address /@dres/, /{dres/ n. 住址； 地址；通讯处 p.22 faithfully /feITf@li/ adv. 忠实地； 忠诚地 p.24 Italian /It{li@n/ adj. 意大利（人）的； n. 意大利人；意大利语 p.20 Kevin /kevIn/凯文 （男名） p.20 Tim /tIm/蒂姆（男名） p.20 Unit 4 humorous /hju:m@r@s/ adj. 有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的 p.26 silent /saIl@nt/ adj.不说话的； 沉默的 p.26 helpful /helpfl/adj. 有用的； 有帮助的 p.26 from time to time 时常；有时 p.26 score /skO:(r)/ n. & v. 得分；打分 p.26 background /b{kgraUnd/ n. 背景 p.27 interview /Int@(r)vju:/ v. 采访；面试 n. 面试；访谈 p.27 Asian /eISn, eIZn/ adj. 亚洲的； 亚洲人的 n. 亚洲人 p.27 deal with 对付；应付 p.27 dare /de@/, /der/ v. 敢于；胆敢 p.27 private /praIv@t/ adj. 私人的； 私密的 p.27 guard /gA:(r)d/ n. 警卫；看守 v. 守卫；保卫 p.27 require /rIkwaI@(r)/ v. 需要；要求 p.27 European /jU(@)r@pi:@n/ adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的 p.28 Words and Expressions in Each Unit 122 British /brItIS/ adj. 英国的； 英国人的 p.28 speech /spi:tS/ n. 讲话；发言 p.28 ant /{nt/ n. 蚂蚁 p.29 insect /Insekt/ n. 昆虫 p.29 inuence /Influ@ns/ v. & n. 影响 p.30 seldom /seld@m/ adv. 不常；很少 p.30 proud /praUd/ adj. 自豪的；骄傲的 p.30 be proud of 为⋯⋯骄傲；感到自豪 p.30 absent /{bs@nt/ adj. 缺席；不在 p.30 fail /feIl/ v. 失败；未能（做到） p.30 examination /Igz{mIneISn/ n. 考试；审查 p.30 boarding /bO:(r)dIN/ school 寄宿学校 p.30 in person 亲身；亲自 p.30 exactly /Igz{ktli/ adv. 确切地； 精确地 p.30 pride /praId/ n. 自豪；骄傲 p.30 take pride in 为⋯⋯感到自豪 p.30 grandson /gr{nsVn/ n. 孙子；外孙 p.31 general /dZenr@l/ adj. 普遍的； 常规的；总的 n. 将军 p.32 introduction /Intr@dVkSn/ n. 介绍 p.32 Paula /pO:l@/ 葆拉 （女名） p.26 Alfred /{lfrId/艾尔弗雷德（男名） p.26 Billy /bIli/ 比利（男名） p.26 Candy /k{ndi/ 坎迪 （女名） p.27 Jerry /dZeri/ 杰里（男名）； 杰丽（女名） p.28 Emily /emIli/ 埃米莉（女名） p.28 Unit 5 material /m@tI@ri@l/ n. 材料；原料 p.33 chopstick /tSQpstIk/, /tSA:pstIk/ n. 筷子 p.33 coin /kOIn/ n. 硬币 p.33 fork /fO:(r)k/ n. 餐叉；叉子 p.33 blouse /blaUz/, /blaUs/ n. （女式）短上衣；衬衫 p.33 silver /sIlv@(r)/ n. 银；银器 adj. 银色的 p.33 glass /glA:s/, /gl{s/ n. 玻璃 p.33 coon /kQtn/, /"kA:tn/ n. 棉；棉花 p.33 steel /sti:l/ n. 钢；钢铁 p.33 grass /grA:s/, /gr{s/ n. 草；草地 p.34 leaf /li:f/ n. （pl. leaves /li:vz/） 叶；叶子 p.34 produce /pr@dju:s/, /pr@du:s/ v. 生产；制造；出产 p.34 widely /waIdli/ adv. 广泛地； 普遍地 p.34 process /pr@Uses/, /prA:ses/ v. 加工；处理 p.34 France /frA:ns/, /fr{ns/ 法国 p.35 no matter 不论；无论 p.35 local /l@Ukl/ adj. 当地的；本地的 p.35 even though 虽然；即使 p.35 brand /br{nd/ n. 品牌；牌子 p.35 avoid /@vOId/ v. 避免；回避 p.35 product /prQdVkt/, /prA:dVkt/ n. 产品；制品 p.35 handbag /h{ndb{g/ n. 小手提包 p.35 mobile /m@UbaIl/, /m@Ubl/ adj. 可移动的；非固定的 p.35 Germany /dZ3:(r)m@ni/德国 p.36 surface /s3:(r)fIs/ n. 表面；表层 p.36 123 Page PB Words and Expressions in Each Unit postman /p@Ustm@n/ n. 邮递员 p.36 cap /k{p/ n. （尤指有帽舌的）帽子 p.36 glove /glVv/ n. （分手指的）手套 p.36 international /Int@(r)n{Sn@l/ adj. 国际的 p.37 competitor /k@mpetIt@(r)/ n. 参赛者；竞争者 p.37 paint /peInt/ v. 用颜料画；刷漆 p.37 its /Its/ adj. 它的 p.38 form /fO:(r)m/ n. 形式；类型 p.38 clay /kleI/ n. 黏土；陶土 p.38 balloon /b@lu:n/ n. 气球 p.38 scissors /sIz@(r)z/ n. (pl.) 剪刀 p.38 lively /laIvli/ adj. 生气勃勃的； （色彩）鲜艳的 p.38 fairy /fe@ri/, /feri/ tale /teIl/ 童话故事 p.38 heat /hi:t/ n. 热；高温 p.38 polish /pQlIS/, /pA:lIS/ v. 磨光；修改；润色 p.38 complete /k@mpli:t/ v. 完成 p.38 Korea /k@ri:@/ 朝鲜；韩国 p.33 Switzerland /swIts@(r)l@nd/ 瑞士 p.35 San Francisco /s{n fr@nsIsk@U/ 圣弗朗西斯科 （旧金山，美国城市） p.35 Pam /p{m/ 帕姆 （女名） p.34 Unit 6 heel /hi:l/ n. 鞋跟；足跟 p.42 electricity /IlektrIs@ti/ n. 电；电能 p.42 scoop /sku:p/ n. 勺；铲子 p.42 style /staIl/ n. 样式；款式 p.42 project /prQdZekt/, /prA:dZekt/ n. 项目；工程 p.42 pleasure /pleZ@(r)/ n. 高兴；愉快 p.42 zipper /zIp@(r)/ n. (= zip) 拉链； 拉锁 p.42 daily /deIli/ adj. 每日的；日常的 p.42 website /websaIt/ n. 网站 p.42 pioneer /paI@nI@/, /paI@nIr/ n. 先锋；先驱 p.42 list /lIst/ v. 列表；列清单 n. 名单；清单 p.42 mention /menSn/ v. 提到；说到 p.42 by accident 偶然；意外地 p.43 nearly /nI@li/, /nIrli/ adv. 几乎； 差不多 p.43 boil /bOIl/ v. 煮沸；烧开 p.43 smell /smel/ n. 气味 v. 发出⋯⋯气味；闻到 p.43 saint /seInt/ n. 圣人；圣徒 p.43 take place 发生；出现 p.43 doubt /daUt/ n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑 p.43 without doubt 毫无疑问；的确 p.43 fridge /frIdZ/ n. 冰箱 p.44 translate /tr{nsleIt/ v. 翻译 p.44 lock /lQk/, /lA:k/ v. 锁上；锁住 p.44 earthquake /3:(r)TkweIk/n. 地震 p.44 sudden /sVd@n/ adj. 突然（的） p.44 all of a sudden 突然；猛地 p.44 biscuit /bIskIt/ n. 饼干 p.44 cookie /kUki/ n. 曲奇饼 p.44 instrument /Instr@ment/ n. 器械； 仪器；工具 p.44 crispy /krIspi/ adj. 脆的；酥脆的 p.45 sour /saU@(r)/ adj. 酸的；有酸味的 p.45 by mistake 错误地；无意中 p.45 Words and Expressions in Each Unit 124 customer /kVst@m@(r)/ n. 顾客； 客户 p.45 Canadian /k@neIdi@n/ adj. 加拿大的； 加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人 p.46 divide /dIvaId/ v. 分开；分散 p.46 divide ... into 把⋯⋯分开 p.46 purpose /p3:(r)p@s/ n. 目的；目标 p.46 basket /bA:skIt/, /b{skIt/ n. 篮；筐 p.46 the Olympics /@lImpIks/ 奥林匹克运动会 p.46 look up to 钦佩；仰慕 p.46 hero /hI@r@U/, /hIr@U/ n. 英雄； 男主角 p.46 Berlin /b3:lIn/ 柏林（德国城市） p.46 NBA (National Basketball Association)国家篮球协会 （美国职业篮球联赛） p.46 CBA (China Basketball Association) 中国篮球协会 （中国职业篮球联赛） p.46 Chelsea/tSelsI/ Lanmon /l{nm@n/ 切尔西 · 兰曼 p.42 Jayce /dZeIs/ Coziar /k@UzIA:/ 杰斯 · 克里亚 p.42 Jamie /dZeImI/ Ellsworth /elzw3:(r)T/ 杰米 · 埃尔斯沃恩 p.42 Julie /dZu:li/ Thompson /tQmps@n/ 朱莉 · 汤普森 p.42 Whitcomb /wItk@m/ Judson /dZVds@n/ 惠特科姆 · 贾德森 p.42 Thomas /tQm@s/ Watson /wQts@n/ 托马斯 · 沃森 p.44 George /dZO:(r)dZ/ Crum /krVm/ 乔治 · 克拉姆 p.45 James /dZeImz/ Naismith /naIsmIT/ 詹姆斯 · 奈史密斯 p.46 Unit 7 smoke /sm@Uk/ v. 冒烟；吸烟 n. 烟 p.49 pierce /pI@s/, /pIrs/ v. 扎；刺破； 穿透 p.49 license /laIsns/n. (= licence) 证； 证件 p.49 safety /seIfti/ n. 安全；安全性 p.49 earring /I@rIN/, /IrIN/ n. 耳环；耳饰 p.50 cry /kraI/ v. & n. 哭；叫喊 p.51 field /fi:ld/ n. 田野；场地 p.51 hug /hVg/ n. & v. 拥抱；搂抱 p.51 li /lIft/ v. 举起；抬高 p.51 talk back 回嘴；顶嘴 p.51 awful /O:fl/ adj. 很坏的；讨厌的 p.51 teen /ti:n/ n. 十几岁 （十三至十九岁之间） p.51 regret /rIgret/ v. 感到遗憾；懊悔 p.51 poem /p@UIm/ n. 诗；韵文 p.51 bedroom /bedru:m/ n. 卧室 p.52 community /k@mju:n@ti/ n. 社区； 社团 p.52 keep away from 避免接近；远离 p.52 chance /tSA:ns/, /tS{ns/ n. 机会； 可能性 p.52 make one’s own decision 自己做决定 p.52 manage /m{nIdZ/ v. 完成（困难的 事）；应付（困难局面） p.52 society /s@saI@ti/ n. 社会 p.52 125 Page PB Words and Expressions in Each Unit unit /ju:nIt/ n. 单位；单元 p.52 educate /edZukeIt/ v. 教育；教导 p.52 get in the way of 挡⋯⋯的路；妨碍 p.54 professional /pr@feS@nl/ adj. 职业的；专业的 p.54 enter /ent@(r)/ v. 进来；进去 p.54 support /s@pO:(r)t/ v. & n. 支持 p.54 Picasso /pIk{s@U/, /pIkA:s@U/ 毕加索（西班牙画家） p.50 Unit 8 truck /trVk/ n. 卡车；货车 p.57 rabbit /r{bIt/ n. 兔；野兔 p.57 whose /hu:z/ adj. & pron. 谁的； （特指）那个人的 p.57 aend /@tend/ v. 出席；参加 p.58 valuable /v{lju@bl/ adj. 很有用的； 宝贵的 p.58 pink /pINk/ adj. 粉红色的 n. 粉红色 p.58 picnic /pIknIk/ n. 野餐 p.58 somebody /sVmb@di/, /sVmbA:di/ pron. 某人；重要人物 p.58 anybody /enib@di/, /enibA:di/ pron. 任何人 p.58 noise /nOIz/ n.声音；噪音 p.59 policeman /p@li:sm@n/ n. 男警察 p.59 wolf /wUlf/ n. 狼 p.59 laboratory /l@bQr@tri/, /l{br@tO:ri/ n. 实验室 p.60 coat /k@Ut/ n. 外套；外衣 p.60 sleepy /sli:pi/ adj. 困倦的；瞌睡的 p.60 pocket /pQkIt/, /pA:kIt/ n. 衣袋； 口袋 p.60 alien /eIli@n/ n. 外星人 p.61 suit /sju:t/, /su:t/ n. 西服；套装 p.61 express /Ikspres/ v. 表示；表达 p.62 not only … but also 不但⋯⋯而且 p.62 circle /s3:(r)kl/ n. 圆圈 v. 圈出 p.62 Britain /brItn/ n. (= Great Britain) 大不列颠 p.62 receive /rIsi:v/ v. 接受；收到 p.62 leader /li:d@(r)/ n. 领导；领袖 p.62 midsummer /mIdsVm@(r)/ n. 仲夏；中夏 p.62 medical /medIkl/ adj. 医疗的； 医学的 p.62 prevent /prIvent/ v. 阻止；阻挠 p.62 energy /en@(r)dZi/ n. 精力；力量 p.62 position /p@zISn/ n. 位置；地方 p.62 burial /beri@l/ n. 埋葬；安葬 p.62 honor /Qn@/, /A:n@r/ v. (= honour) 尊重；表示敬意 n. 荣幸 p.62 ancestor /{nsest@(r)/ n. 祖宗；祖先 p.62 victory /vIkt@ri/ n. 胜利；成功 p.62 enemy /en@mi/ n. 敌人；仇人 p.62 period /pI@ri@d/ n. 一段时间；时期 p.62 mystery /mIstri/ n. 奥秘；神秘事物 p.64 Stonehenge /st@UnhendZ/ 巨石阵 p.62 Carla /kA:(r)l@/ 卡拉（女名） p.57 J. K. Rowling /r@UlIN/ J. K. 罗琳 （英国作家） p.57 Victor /vIkt@(r)/ 维克托（男名） p.59 Jean /dZi:n/琼（女名） p.60 Words and Expressions in Each Unit 126 Paul Stoker /st@Uk@(r)/ 保罗 · 斯托克 p.62 Unit 9 prefer /prIf3:(r)/ v. 更喜欢 p.65 lyrics /lIrIks/ n. (pl.) 歌词 p.65 Australian /QstreIli@n, O:streIli@n/ adj. 澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人的 n. 澳大利亚人 p.66 electronic /IlektrQnIk/, /IlektrA:nIk/ adj. 电子的；电子设备的 p.66 suppose /s@p@Uz/ v. 推断；料想 p.66 smooth /smu:D/ adj. 平滑的；悦耳的 p.66 spare /spe@/, /sper/ adj. 空闲的； 不用的 p.66 case /keIs/ n. 情况；实情 p.66 in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 p.66 war /wO:(r)/ n. 战争；战争状态 p.66 director /d@rekt@, daIrekt@(r)/ n. 导演；部门负责人 p.66 dialogue /daI@lQg/, /daI@lA:g/ n. (=dialog) 对话；对白 p.67 documentary /dQkjumentri/, /dA:kjumentri/ n. 纪录片 p.67 drama /drA:m@/ n. 戏；剧 p.67 plenty /plenti/ pron. 大量；众多 p.67 plenty of 大量；充足 p.67 shut /SVt/ v. (shut, shut) 关闭；关上 p.67 superhero /su:p@(r)hI@r@U/ n. 超级英雄 p.67 horror /hQr@/, /hO:r@r/ n. 震惊； 恐惧 p.67 thriller /TrIl@(r)/ n. 惊险电影（小说、戏剧） p.67 intelligent /IntelIdZ@nt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 p.68 sense /sens/ v. 感觉到；意识到 n. 感觉；意识 p.70 pain /peIn/ n. 痛苦；苦恼 p.70 reect /rIflekt/ v. 反映；映出 p.70 perform /p@(r)fO:(r)m/ v. 表演； 执行 p.70 amazing /@meIzIN/ adj. 令人惊奇的； 令人惊喜的 p.70 pity /pIti/ n. 遗憾；怜悯 p.70 total /t@Utl/ n. 总数；合计 adj. 总的；全体的 p.70 in total 总共；合计 p.70 master /mA:st@/, /m{st@r/ n. 能手；主人 v. 掌握 p.70 praise /preIz/ v. & n. 表扬；赞扬 p.70 national /n{Sn@l/ adj. 国家的； 民族的 p.70 recall /rIkO:l/ v. 回忆起；回想起 p.70 wound /wu:nd/ n. 伤；伤口；创伤 p.70 World War II 第二次世界大战 p.66 Titanic /taIt{nIk/ 《泰坦尼克号》（电影名） p.67 Carmen /kA:(r)men/ 卡门（女名） p.66 Dan /d{n/ Dervish /d3:(r)vIS/ 丹 · 德维什 p.66 Unit 10 custom /kVst@m/ n. 风俗；习俗 p.73 bow /baU/ v. 鞠躬 p.73 kiss /kIs/ v. & n. 亲吻；接吻 p.73 127 Page PB Words and Expressions in Each Unit greet /gri:t/ v. 和⋯⋯打招呼；迎接 p.74 value /v{lju:/ v. 重视；珍视 n. 价值 p.75 everyday /evrideI/ adj. 每天的； 日常的 p.75 drop by 顺便访问；随便进入 p.75 capital /k{pItl/ n. 首都；国都 p.75 noon /nu:n/ n. 正午；中午 p.75 mad /m{d/ adj. 很生气；疯的 p.75 get mad 大动肝火；气愤 p.75 make an effort 作出努力 p.75 trac /tr{fIk/ n. 交通； 路上行驶的车辆 p.75 somewhere /sVmwe@/, /sVmwer/ adv. 在某处；到某处 p.75 passport /pA:spO:t/, /p{spO:rt/ n. 护照 p.76 chalk /tSO:k/ n. 粉笔 p.76 blackboard /bl{kbO:(r)d/ n. 黑板 p.76 northern /nO:(r)D@(r)n/ adj. 北方的；北部的 p.76 coast /k@Ust/ n. 海岸；海滨 p.76 season /si:zn/ n. 季；季节 p.76 knock /nQk/, /nA:k/ v. 敲；击 p.76 eastern /i:st@(r)n/ adj. 东方的； 东部的 p.76 worth /w3:(r)T/ adj. 值得； 有⋯⋯价值（的） p.76 manner /m{n@(r)/ n. 方式；方法 (pl.) 礼貌；礼仪 p.76 empty /empti/ adj. 空的；空洞的 p.77 basic /beIsIk/ adj. 基本的；基础的 p.78 exchange /IkstSeIndZ/ n. & v. 交换 p.78 go out of one’s way 特地；格外努力 p.78 make ... feel at home 使（某人）感到宾至如归 p.78 granddaughter /gr{ndO:t@(r)/ n. （外）孙女 p.78 behave /bIheIv/ v. 表现；举止 p.78 except /Iksept/ prep. 除⋯⋯之外 conj. 除了；只是 p.78 elbow /elb@U/ n. 肘；胳膊 p.78 gradually /gr{dZu@li/ adv. 逐步地；渐进地 p.78 suggestion /s@dZestS@n/ n. 建议 p.80 Brazil /br@zil/ 巴西 p.73 Mexico /meksIk@U/ 墨西哥 p.73 Cali /kA:li/ 卡利（哥伦比亚城市） p.75 Colombia /k@lVmbI@/ 哥伦比亚（南美洲国家） p.75 Lausanne /l@Uz{n/, /l@UzA:n/ 洛桑（瑞士城市） p.75 Norway /nO:(r)weI/ 挪威 p.76 Maria /m@ri:@/ 玛丽亚（女名） p.74 Katie /keIti/ 凯蒂（女名） p.74 Sato /sA:tQ/ 佐藤（日本姓氏） p.74 Marie /m@ri:/, /mA:ri/ 玛丽（女名）；马里（男名） p.74 Teresa /t@ri:z@/, /t@ri:s@/ Lopez /l@Upez/特蕾莎 · 洛佩斯 p.75 Marc /mA:(r)k/ LeBlanc /l@blA:N/ 马克 · 勒布朗 p.75 Unit 11 the more … the more 越⋯⋯越⋯⋯ ； 愈⋯⋯愈⋯⋯ p.82 leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略 p.82 Words and Expressions in Each Unit 128 friendship /frendSIp/ n. 友谊；友情 p.82 king /kIN/ n. 君主；国王 p.83 prime /praIm/ adj. 首要的；基本的 p.83 minister /mInIst@(r)/ n. 大臣；部长 p.83 prime minister 首相；大臣 p.83 fame /feIm/ n. 名声；声誉 p.83 pale /peIl/ adj. 苍白的；灰白的 p.83 queen /kwi:n/ n. 王后；女王 p.83 examine /Igz{mIn/ v. （仔细地）检查； 检验 p.83 nor /nO:(r)/ conj. & adv. 也不 p.83 neither ... nor 既不⋯⋯也不 p.83 palace /p{l@s/ n. 王宫；宫殿 p.83 power /paU@(r)/ n. 权利；力量 p.83 wealth /welT/ n. 财富；富裕 p.83 grey /greI/ adj. （天空）阴沉的； 昏暗的；灰色的 p.84 lemon /lem@n/ n. 柠檬 p.84 cancel /k{nsl/ v. 取消；终止 p.84 weight /weIt/ n. 重量；分量 p.86 shoulder /S@Uld@(r)/ n. 肩；肩膀 p.86 goal /g@Ul/ n. 球门；射门；目标 p.86 coach /k@UtS/ n. 教练；私人教师 p.86 kick /kIk/ v. 踢；踹 p.86 teammate /ti:meIt/ n. 同队队员； 队友 p.86 courage /kVrIdZ/, /k3:rIdZ/ n. 勇敢；勇气 p.86 rather /rA:D@/, /r{D@r/ adv. 宁愿； 相当 p.86 rather than 而不是 p.86 pull /pUl/ v. 拉；拖 p.86 pull together 齐心协力；通力合作 p.86 relief /rIli:f/ n. 轻松；解脱 p.86 nod /nQd/, /nA:d/ v. 点头 p.86 agreement /@gri:m@nt/ n. （意见或看法）一致；同意 p.86 fault /fO:lt/ n. 过失；缺点 p.86 disappoint /dIs@pOInt/ v. 使失望 p.87 Bert /b3:(r)t/ 伯特（男名） p.82 Holly /hQli/, /hA:li/ 霍莉（女名） p.84 Unit 12 backpack /b{kp{k/ n. 背包； 旅行包 p.89 oversleep /@Uv@(r)sli:p/ v. (overslept /@Uv@(r)slept/, overslept) 睡过头； 睡得太久 p.89 give ... a lift 捎（某人）一程 p.90 miss /mIs/ v. 错过；未得到 p.91 unexpected /VnIkspektId/ adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 p.91 block /blQk/, /blA:k/ n. 街区 p.91 worker /w3:(r)k@(r)/ n. 工作者； 工人 p.91 stare /ste@/, /ster/ v. 盯着看；凝视 p.91 disbelief /dIsbIli:f/ n. 不信；怀疑 p.91 above /@bVv/ adv. 在上面；向上面 prep. 在⋯⋯上面 p.91 burn /b3:(r)n/ v. (burnt /b3:(r)nt/, burned /b3:(r)nd/; burnt, burned) 着火；燃烧 p.91 alive /@laIv/adj. 活着；有生气的 p.91 take off （飞机等）起飞；匆忙离开 p.91 till /tIl/ conj. & prep. 到；直到 p.91 west /west/ adv. 向西；朝西 adj. 向西的；西部的 n. 西；西方 p.91 129 Page PB Words and Expressions in Each Unit cream /kri:m/ n. 奶油；乳脂 p.92 boss/bQs/, /bO:s/ n. 老板；领导 p.92 pie /paI/ n. 果馅饼；果馅派 p.92 course /kO:(r)s/ n. 课程 p.92 bean /bi:n/ n. 豆；豆荚 p.92 market /mA:(r)kIt/ n. 市场；集市 p.92 costume /kQstju:m/, /kA:stu:m/ n. 服装；装束 p.93 embarrassed /Imb{r@st/ adj. 窘迫的；害羞的 p.93 announce /@naUns/ v. 宣布；宣告 p.94 spaghetti /sp@geti/ n. 意大利面条 p.94 hoax /h@Uks/ n. 骗局；恶作剧 p.94 discovery /dIskVv@ri/ n. 发现； 发觉 p.94 lady /leIdi/ n. 女士；女子 p.94 ocer /OfIs@/, /A:fIs@r/ n. 军官；官员 p.94 believable /bIli:v@bl/ adj. 可相信的；可信任的 p.95 embarrassing /Imb{r@sIN/ adj. 使人害羞的（难堪的或惭愧的） p.95 New Zealand /nju:zi:l@nd/ 新西兰 p.91 Italy /It@li/ 意大利 p.94 Mars /mA:(r)z/ 火星 p.94 Carl /kA:(r)l/ 卡尔（男名） p.90 Orson /O:(r)s@n/ Welles /welz/ 奥森 · 韦尔斯 p.94 Unit 13 lier /lIt@(r)/ v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物 p.97 boom /bQt@m/, /bA:t@m/n. 底部；最下部 p.97 sherman /fIS@(r)m@n/ n. 渔民； 钓鱼的人 p.97 coal /k@Ul/ n. 煤；煤块 p.98 public /pVblIk/ adj. 公众的；公共的 n. 民众；百姓 p.98 ugly /Vgli/ adj. 丑陋的；难看的 p.98 advantage /@dvA:ntIdZ/, /@dv{ntIdZ/ n. 优点；有利条件 p.98 cost /kQst/, /kO:st/ v. 花费 n. 花费；价钱 p.98 wooden /wUdn/ adj. 木制的；木头的 p.98 plastic /pl{stIk/ adj. 塑料的 n. 塑料；塑胶 p.98 make a difference 有关系，作用，影响 p.98 shark /SA:(r)k/ n. 鲨鱼 p.99 fin /fIn/ n. （鱼）鳍 p.99 cut off 割掉；砍掉 p.99 method /meT@d/ n. 方法；措施 p.99 cruel /kru:@l/ adj. 残酷的；残忍的 p.99 harmful /hA:(r)mfl/ adj. 有害的 p.99 chain /tSeIn/ n. 链子；链条 p.99 ecosystem /i:k@UsIst@m/ n. 生态系统 p.99 low /l@U/ adj. （数量等）减少的； 低的；矮的 p.99 industry /Ind@stri/ n. 工业；行业 p.99 law /lO:/ n. 法律；法规 p.99 reusable /ri:ju:z@bl/ adj. 可重复使用的；可再次使用的 p.100 aord /@fO:(r)d/ v. 承担得起（后 果）；买得起 p.100 Words and Expressions in Each Unit 130 transportation /tr{nspO:(r)teISn/ n. 运输业；交通运输 p.100 recycle /ri:saIkl/ v. 回收利用； 再利用 p.101 napkin /n{pkIn/ n. 餐巾；餐巾纸 p.101 upside down 颠倒；倒转 p.102 gate /geIt/ n. 大门 p.102 bole /bQtl/, /bA:tl/ n. 瓶；瓶子 p.102 president /prezId@nt/ n. 负责人； 主席；总统 p.102 inspiration /Insp@reISn/ n. 灵感； 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） p.102 metal /metl/ n. 金属 p.102 creativity /kri:eItIv@ti/ n. 创造力； 独创性 p.102 WildAid /waIldeId/ 野生救援协会（美国） p.99 WWF (World Wide Fund For Nature) 世界自然基金会 p.99 Mark /mA:(r)k/ 马克（男名） p.97 Jason /dZeIs@n/贾森（男名） p.98 Ken /ken/ 肯（男名） p.100 Hayes /heIz/ 海斯（姓） p.102 Jessica /dZesIk@/ 杰茜卡（女名） p.102 Unit 14 survey /s3:(r)veI/ n. 调查 p.105 standard /st{nd@(r)d/ n. 标准；水平 p.105 row /r@U/ n. 一排；一列；一行 p.105 in a row 连续几次地 p.105 keyboard /ki:bO:(r)d/ n. 琴键； 键盘 p.105 instruction /InstrVkSn/ n. 指示； 命令 p.106 double /dVbl/ v. 加倍；是⋯⋯的两倍 adj. 两倍的；加倍的 p.106 shall /S{l, S@l/ modal v. 将要；将会 p.106 overcome /@Uv@(r)kVm/ v. (overcame /@Uv@(r)keIm/, overcome) 克服；战胜 p.107 make a mess 弄得一团糟，一塌糊涂 p.107 graduate /gr{dZueIt/ v. 毕业； 获得学位 p.107 keep one’s cool 沉住气；保持冷静 p.107 ours /aU@(r)z/ pron. 我们的 p.107 senior /si:ni@(r)/ adj. 级别（或地位） 高的 p.108 senior high (school) 高中 p.108 text /tekst/ n. 课文；文本 p.108 level /levl/ n. 标准；水平 p.108 degree /dIgri:/ n. （大学）学位； 度数；程度 p.109 manager /m{nIdZ@(r)/ n. 经理； 经营者 p.109 believe in 信任；信赖 p.109 gentleman /dZentlm@n/ n. 先生 p.110 graduation /gr{dZueISn/ n. 毕业 p.110 ceremony /ser@m@ni/, /ser@m@Uni/ n. 典礼；仪式 p.110 congratulate /k@ngr{tSuleIt/ v. 祝贺 p.110 thirsty /T3:(r)sti/ adj. 口渴的； 渴望的 p.110 none /nVn/ pron. 没有一个；毫无 p.110 task /tA:sk/, /t{sk/ n. 任务；工作 p.110 ahead /@hed/ adv. 向前面；在前面 p.110 131 Page PB Words and Expressions in Each Unit responsible /rIspQns@bl/, /rIspA:ns@bl/adj. 承担责任；有责任 p.110 be responsible for 对⋯⋯有责任； 负责任 p.110 separate /sep@reIt/ adj. 单独的； 分离的 v. 分开；分离 p.110 wing /wIN/ n. 翅膀；翼 p.111 Brian /braI@n/ 布赖恩（男名） p.106 Luke /lu:k/ 卢克（男名） p.106 Griffin /grIfIn/ 格里芬（姓） p.106 Trent /trent/ 特伦特（姓） p.108 132 Vocabulary Index A ability /@bIl@ti/ n.能力；才能 p.6 above /@bVv/ adv. 在上面；向上面 prep. 在⋯⋯上面 p.91 absent /{bs@nt/ adj. 缺席；不在 p.30 active /{ktIv/ adj. 活跃的；积极的 p.6 address /@dres/, /{dres/ n. 住址； 地址；通讯处 p.22 admire /@dmaI@(r)/ v. 欣赏；仰慕 p.11 advantage /@dvA:ntIdZ/, /@dv{ntIdZ/ n. 优点；有利条件 p.98 aord /@fO:(r)d/ v. 承担得起（后 果）；买得起 p.100 agreement /@gri:m@nt/ n. （意见或看法）一致；同意 p.86 ahead /@hed/ adv. 向前面；在前面 p.110 alien /eIli@n/ n. 外星人 p.61 alive /@laIv/adj. 活着；有生气的 p.91 all of a sudden 突然；猛地 p.44 aloud /@laUd/ adv. 大声地；出声地 p.2 amazing /@meIzIN/ adj. 令人惊奇的； 令人惊喜的 p.70 ancestor /{nsest@(r)/ n. 祖宗；祖先 p.62 announce /@naUns/ v. 宣布；宣告 p.94 ant /{nt/ n. 蚂蚁 p.29 anybody /enib@di/, /enibA:di/ pron. 任何人 p.58 Asian /eISn, eIZn/ adj. 亚洲的； 亚洲人的 n. 亚洲人 p.27 aend /@tend/ v. 出席；参加 p.58 aention /@tenSn/ n. 注意；关注 p.6 Australian /QstreIli@n, O:streIli@n/ adj. 澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人的 n. 澳大利亚人 p.66 avoid /@vOId/ v. 避免；回避 p.35 awful /O:fl/ adj. 很坏的；讨厌的 p.51 B background /b{kgraUnd/ n. 背景 p.27 backpack /b{kp{k/ n. 背包； 旅行包 p.89 balloon /b@lu:n/ n. 气球 p.38 basic /beIsIk/ adj. 基本的；基础的 p.78 basket /bA:skIt/, /b{skIt/ n. 篮；筐 p.46 bathroom /bA:Tru:m/, /b{Tru:m/ n. 浴室；洗手间 p.18 be proud of 为⋯⋯骄傲；感到自豪 p.30 be responsible for 对⋯⋯有责任； 负责任 p.110 bean /bi:n/ n. 豆；豆荚 p.92 bedroom /bedru:m/ n. 卧室 p.52 behave /bIheIv/ v. 表现；举止 p.78 believable /bIli:v@bl/ adj. 可相信的；可信任的 p.95 believe in 信任；信赖 p.109 biscuit /bIskIt/ n. 饼干 p.44 Vocabulary Index （注：在本此表中，重点词汇用黑体标出。 在英式发音和美式发音有区别时，英式发音在前，美式发音在后。） 133 Page PB Vocabulary Index blackboard /bl{kbO:(r)d/ n. 黑板 p.76 block /blQk/, /blA:k/ n. 街区 p.91 blouse /blaUz/, /blaUs/ n. （女式）短上衣；衬衫 p.33 bole /bQtl/, /bA:tl/ n. 瓶；瓶子 p.102 boarding /bO:(r)dIN/ school 寄宿学校 p.30 boil /bOIl/ v. 煮沸；烧开 p.43 bookstore /bUkstO:(r)/ n. 书店 p.17 boss/bQs/, /bO:s/ n. 老板；领导 p.92 boom /bQt@m/, /bA:t@m/n. 底部；最下部 p.97 bow /baU/ v. 鞠躬 p.73 brain /breIn/ n. 大脑 p.6 brand /br{nd/ n. 品牌；牌子 p.35 Britain /brItn/ n. (= Great Britain) 大不列颠 p.62 British /brItIS/ adj. 英国的； 英国人的 p.28 burial /beri@l/ n. 埋葬；安葬 p.62 burn /b3:(r)n/ v. (burnt /b3:(r)nt/, burned /b3:(r)nd/; burnt, burned) 着火；燃烧 p.91 business /bIzn@s/ n. 生意；商业 p.14 by accident 偶然；意外地 p.43 by mistake 错误地；无意中 p.45 C Canadian /k@neIdi@n/ adj. 加拿大的； 加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人 p.46 cancel /k{nsl/ v. 取消；终止 p.84 cap /k{p/ n. （尤指有帽舌的）帽子 p.36 capital /k{pItl/ n. 首都；国都 p.75 case /keIs/ n. 情况；实情 p.66 central /sentr@l/ adj.中心的； 中央的 p.20 ceremony /ser@m@ni/, /ser@m@Uni/ n. 典礼；仪式 p.110 chain /tSeIn/ n. 链子；链条 p.99 chalk /tSO:k/ n. 粉笔 p.76 chance /tSA:ns/, /tS{ns/ n. 机会； 可能性 p.52 chemistry /kemIstri/ n.化学 p.4 choice /tSOIs/ n. 选择；挑选 p.22 chopstick /tSQpstIk/, /tSA:pstIk/ n. 筷子 p.33 Christmas /krIsm@s/n. 圣诞节 p.14 circle /s3:(r)kl/ n. 圆圈 v. 圈出 p.62 clay /kleI/ n. 黏土；陶土 p.38 clerk /klA:k/, /kl3:rk/ n. 职员 p.21 coach /k@UtS/ n. 教练；私人教师 p.86 coal /k@Ul/ n. 煤；煤块 p.98 coast /k@Ust/ n. 海岸；海滨 p.76 coat /k@Ut/ n. 外套；外衣 p.60 coin /kOIn/ n. 硬币 p.33 community /k@mju:n@ti/ n. 社区； 社团 p.52 competitor /k@mpetIt@(r)/ n. 参赛者；竞争者 p.37 complete /k@mpli:t/ v. 完成 p.38 congratulate /k@ngr{tSuleIt/ v. 祝贺 p.110 connect … with 把⋯⋯和⋯⋯连接或联系起来 p.6 connect /k@nekt/ v. （使）连接；与⋯⋯有联系 p.6 convenient /k@nvi:ni@nt/ adj. 便利的；方便的 p.21 134 Vocabulary Index conversation /kQnv@seISn/, /kA:nv@rseISn/ n. 交谈；谈话 p.2 cookie /kUki/ n. 曲奇饼 p.44 corner /kO:(r)n@(r)/ n. 拐角；角落 p.21 correct /k@rekt/ adj. 正确的； 恰当的 p.22 cost /kQst/, /kO:st/ v. 花费 n. 花费；价钱 p.98 costume /kQstju:m/, /kA:stu:m/ n. 服装；装束 p.93 coon /kQtn/, /"kA:tn/ n. 棉；棉花 p.33 courage /kVrIdZ/, /k3:rIdZ/ n. 勇敢；勇气 p.86 course /kO:(r)s/ n. 课程 p.92 cream /kri:m/ n. 奶油；乳脂 p.92 creativity /kri:eItIv@ti/ n. 创造力； 独创性 p.102 crispy /krIspi/ adj. 脆的；酥脆的 p.45 cry /kraI/ v. & n. 哭；叫喊 p.51 custom /kVst@m/ n. 风俗；习俗 p.73 customer /kVst@m@(r)/ n. 顾客； 客户 p.45 D daily /deIli/ adj. 每日的；日常的 p.42 dare /de@/, /der/ v. 敢于；胆敢 p.27 dead /ded/ adj. 死的；失去生命的 p.14 deal with 对付；应付 p.27 degree /dIgri:/ n. （大学）学位； 度数；程度 p.109 dessert /dI"z3:(r)t/ n. （饭后）甜点； 甜食 p.11 dialogue /daI@lQg/, /daI@lA:g/ n. (=dialog) 对话；对白 p.67 direct /d@rekt, daIrekt/ adj. 直接的； 直率的 p.22 direction /d@rekSn, daIrekSn/ n. 方向；方位 p.22 director /d@rekt@, daIrekt@(r)/ n. 导演；部门负责人 p.66 disappoint /dIs@pOInt/ v. 使失望 p.87 disbelief /dIsbIli:f/ n. 不信；怀疑 p.91 discover /dIskVv@(r)/ v. 发现；发觉 p.3 discovery /dIskVv@ri/ n. 发现； 发觉 p.94 divide ... into 把⋯⋯分开 p.46 divide /dIvaId/ v. 分开；分散 p.46 documentary /dQkjumentri/, /dA:kjumentri/ n. 纪录片 p.67 double /dVbl/ v. 加倍；是⋯⋯的两倍 adj. 两倍的；加倍的 p.106 doubt /daUt/ n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑 p.43 drama /drA:m@/ n. 戏；剧 p.67 drop by 顺便访问；随便进入 p.75 E earring /I@rIN/, /IrIN/ n. 耳环；耳饰 p.50 earthquake /3:(r)TkweIk/n. 地震 p.44 east /i:st/ adj. 东方的；东部的 adv. 向东；朝东 n. 东；东方 p.20 eastern /i:st@(r)n/ adj. 东方的； 东部的 p.76 ecosystem /i:k@UsIst@m/ n. 生态系统 p.99 educate /edZukeIt/ v. 教育；教导 p.52 elbow /elb@U/ n. 肘；胳膊 p.78 electricity /IlektrIs@ti/ n. 电；电能 p.42 electronic /IlektrQnIk/, /IlektrA:nIk/ adj. 电子的；电子设备的 p.66 135 Page PB Vocabulary Index embarrassed /Imb{r@st/ adj. 窘迫的；害羞的 p.93 embarrassing /Imb{r@sIN/ adj. 使人害羞的（难堪的或惭愧的） p.95 empty /empti/ adj. 空的；空洞的 p.77 enemy /en@mi/ n. 敌人；仇人 p.62 energy /en@(r)dZi/ n. 精力；力量 p.62 enter /ent@(r)/ v. 进来；进去 p.54 European /jU(@)r@pi:@n/ adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的 p.28 eve /i:v/ n. （尤指宗教节假日的）前夕； 前夜 p.14 even though 虽然；即使 p.35 everyday /evrideI/ adj. 每天的； 日常的 p.75 exactly /Igz{ktli/ adv. 确切地； 精确地 p.30 examination /Igz{mIneISn/ n. 考试；审查 p.30 examine /Igz{mIn/ v. （仔细地）检查； 检验 p.83 except /Iksept/ prep. 除⋯⋯之外 conj. 除了；只是 p.78 exchange /IkstSeIndZ/ n. & v. 交换 p.78 express /Ikspres/ v. 表示；表达 p.62 expression /IkspreSn/ n. 表达（方式）；表示 p.3 F fail /feIl/ v. 失败；未能（做到） p.30 fairy /fe@ri/, /feri/ tale /teIl/ 童话故事 p.38 faithfully /feITf@li/ adv. 忠实地； 忠诚地 p.24 fall in love with 爱上；与⋯⋯相爱 p.3 fame /feIm/ n. 名声；声誉 p.83 fascinating /f{sIneItIN/ adj. 迷人的；极有吸引力的 p.21 fault /fO:lt/ n. 过失；缺点 p.86 field /fi:ld/ n. 田野；场地 p.51 sherman /fIS@(r)m@n/ n. 渔民； 钓鱼的人 p.97 folk /f@Uk/ adj.民间的；民俗的 p.11 fool /fu:l/ n. 蠢人；傻瓜 v. 愚弄 adj. 愚蠢的 p.14 fork /fO:(r)k/ n. 餐叉；叉子 p.33 form /fO:(r)m/ n. 形式；类型 p.38 France /frA:ns/, /fr{ns/ 法国 p.35 fridge /frIdZ/ n. 冰箱 p.44 friendship /frendSIp/ n. 友谊；友情 p.82 from time to time 时常；有时 p.26 G garden /gA:(r)dn/ n. 花园；园子 p.11 gate /geIt/ n. 大门 p.102 general /dZenr@l/ adj. 普遍的； 常规的；总的 n. 将军 p.32 gentleman /dZentlm@n/ n. 先生 p.110 Germany /dZ3:(r)m@ni/德国 p.36 get in the way of 挡⋯⋯的路；妨碍 p.54 get mad 大动肝火；气愤 p.75 ghost /g@Ust/ n. 鬼；鬼魂 p.13 give ... a lift 捎（某人）一程 p.90 glass /glA:s/, /gl{s/ n. 玻璃 p.33 glove /glVv/ n. （分手指的）手套 p.36 go out of one’s way 特地；格外努力 p.78 goal /g@Ul/ n. 球门；射门；目标 p.86 136 Vocabulary Index goddess /gQdes/, /gA:d@s/ n. 女神 p.11 gradually /gr{dZu@li/ adv. 逐步地；渐进地 p.78 graduate /gr{dZueIt/ v. 毕业； 获得学位 p.107 graduation /gr{dZueISn/ n. 毕业 p.110 grammar /gr{m@(r)/ n.语法 p.3 granddaughter /gr{ndO:t@(r)/ n. （外）孙女 p.78 grandson /gr{nsVn/ n. 孙子；外孙 p.31 grape /greIp/ n.葡萄 p.20 grass /grA:s/, /gr{s/ n. 草；草地 p.34 greet /gri:t/ v. 和⋯⋯打招呼；迎接 p.74 grey /greI/ adj. （天空）阴沉的； 昏暗的；灰色的 p.84 guard /gA:(r)d/ n. 警卫；看守 v. 守卫；保卫 p.27 H handbag /h{ndb{g/ n. 小手提包 p.35 haunted /hO:ntId/ adj.有鬼魂出没的； 闹鬼的 p.13 heat /hi:t/ n. 热；高温 p.38 heel /hi:l/ n. 鞋跟；足跟 p.42 helpful /helpfl/adj. 有用的； 有帮助的 p.26 hero /hI@r@U/, /hIr@U/ n. 英雄； 男主角 p.46 hoax /h@Uks/ n. 骗局；恶作剧 p.94 honor /Qn@/, /A:n@r/ v. (= honour) 尊重；表示敬意 n. 荣幸 p.62 horror /hQr@/, /hO:r@r/ n. 震惊； 恐惧 p.67 hug /hVg/ n. & v. 拥抱；搂抱 p.51 humorous /hju:m@r@s/ adj. 有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的 p.26 I in a row 连续几次地 p.105 in person 亲身；亲自 p.30 in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 p.66 in total 总共；合计 p.70 increase /Inkri:s/ v. 增加；增长 p.5 industry /Ind@stri/ n. 工业；行业 p.99 inuence /Influ@ns/ v. & n. 影响 p.30 insect /Insekt/ n. 昆虫 p.29 inspiration /Insp@reISn/ n. 灵感； 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） p.102 instruction /InstrVkSn/ n. 指示； 命令 p.106 instrument /Instr@ment/ n. 器械； 仪器；工具 p.44 intelligent /IntelIdZ@nt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 p.68 international /Int@(r)n{Sn@l/ adj. 国际的 p.37 interview /Int@(r)vju:/ v. 采访；面试 n. 面试；访谈 p.27 introduction /Intr@dVkSn/ n. 介绍 p.32 its /Its/ adj. 它的 p.38 K keep away from 避免接近；远离 p.52 keep one’s cool 沉住气；保持冷静 p.107 keyboard /ki:bO:(r)d/ n. 琴键； 键盘 p.105 kick /kIk/ v. 踢；踹 p.86 king /kIN/ n. 君主；国王 p.83 137 Page PB Vocabulary Index kiss /kIs/ v. & n. 亲吻；接吻 p.73 knock /nQk/, /nA:k/ v. 敲；击 p.76 knowledge /nQlIdZ/, /nA:lIdZ/ n. 知识；学问 p.6 L laboratory /l@bQr@tri/, /l{br@tO:ri/ n. 实验室 p.60 lady /leIdi/ n. 女士；女子 p.94 lantern /l{nt@(r)n/ n. 灯笼 p.9 law /lO:/ n. 法律；法规 p.99 lay /leI/ v. (laid /leId/, laid) 放置；安放；产（卵）；下（蛋） p.11 lay out 摆开；布置 p.11 leader /li:d@(r)/ n. 领导；领袖 p.62 leaf /li:f/ n. （pl. leaves /li:vz/） 叶；叶子 p.34 leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略 p.82 lemon /lem@n/ n. 柠檬 p.84 level /levl/ n. 标准；水平 p.108 license /laIsns/n. (= licence) 证； 证件 p.49 lie /laI/ v. (lay /leI/, lain /leIn/) 平躺；处于 p.14 li /lIft/ v. 举起；抬高 p.51 list /lIst/ v. 列表；列清单 n. 名单；清单 p.42 lier /lIt@(r)/ v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物 p.97 lively /laIvli/ adj. 生气勃勃的； （色彩）鲜艳的 p.38 local /l@Ukl/ adj. 当地的；本地的 p.35 lock /lQk/, /lA:k/ v. 锁上；锁住 p.44 look up to 钦佩；仰慕 p.46 low /l@U/ adj. （数量等）减少的； 低的；矮的 p.99 lyrics /lIrIks/ n. (pl.) 歌词 p.65 M mad /m{d/ adj. 很生气；疯的 p.75 mail /meIl/ v. 邮寄；发电子邮件 n. 邮件；信件 p.20 make ... feel at home 使（某人）感到宾至如归 p.78 make a difference 有关系，作用，影响 p.98 make a mess 弄得一团糟，一塌糊涂 p.107 make an effort 作出努力 p.75 make one’s own decision 自己做决定 p.52 mall /mO:l/ n. 商场；购物中心 p.21 manage /m{nIdZ/ v. 完成（困难的 事）；应付（困难局面） p.52 manager /m{nIdZ@(r)/ n. 经理； 经营者 p.109 manner /m{n@(r)/ n. 方式；方法 (pl.) 礼貌；礼仪 p.76 market /mA:(r)kIt/ n. 市场；集市 p.92 master /mA:st@/, /m{st@r/ n. 能手；主人 v. 掌握 p.70 material /m@tI@ri@l/ n. 材料；原料 p.33 medical /medIkl/ adj. 医疗的； 医学的 p.62 mention /menSn/ v. 提到；说到 p.42 metal /metl/ n. 金属 p.102 midsummer /mIdsVm@(r)/ n. 仲夏；中夏 p.62 minister /mInIst@(r)/ n. 大臣；部长 p.83 miss /mIs/ v. 错过；未得到 p.91 138 Vocabulary Index mobile /m@UbaIl/, /m@Ubl/ adj. 可移动的；非固定的 p.35 mystery /mIstri/ n. 奥秘；神秘事物 p.64 N napkin /n{pkIn/ n. 餐巾；餐巾纸 p.101 national /n{Sn@l/ adj. 国家的； 民族的 p.70 nearly /nI@li/, /nIrli/ adv. 几乎； 差不多 p.43 neither ... nor 既不⋯⋯也不 p.83 no matter 不论；无论 p.35 nobody /n@Ub@di/, /n@UbA:di/ pron. 没有人 p.14 nod /nQd/, /nA:d/ v. 点头 p.86 noise /nOIz/ n.声音；噪音 p.59 none /nVn/ pron. 没有一个；毫无 p.110 noon /nu:n/ n. 正午；中午 p.75 nor /nO:(r)/ conj. & adv. 也不 p.83 northern /nO:(r)D@(r)n/ adj. 北方的；北部的 p.76 not only … but also 不但⋯⋯而且 p.62 note /n@Ut/ n.笔记；记录 v. 注意；指出 p.4 novel /nQvl/, /nA:vl/ n. （长篇）小说 p.14 O ocer /OfIs@/, /A:fIs@r/ n. 军官；官员 p.94 ours /aU@(r)z/ pron. 我们的 p.107 overcome /@Uv@(r)kVm/ v. (overcame /@Uv@(r)keIm/, overcome) 克服；战胜 p.107 overnight /@Uv@(r)naIt/ adv. 一夜之间；在夜间 p.6 oversleep /@Uv@(r)sli:p/ v. (overslept /@Uv@(r)slept/, overslept) 睡过头； 睡得太久 p.89 P pain /peIn/ n. 痛苦；苦恼 p.70 paint /peInt/ v. 用颜料画；刷漆 p.37 pal /p{l/ n. 朋友；伙伴 p.4 palace /p{l@s/ n. 王宫；宫殿 p.83 pale /peIl/ adj. 苍白的；灰白的 p.83 pardon /pA:(r)dn/ interj. 请再说一遍；抱歉，对不起 p.18 partner /pA:(r)tn@(r)/ n. 搭档；同伴 p.5 passport /pA:spO:t/, /p{spO:rt/ n. 护照 p.76 patient /peISnt/ adj.有耐心的 n.病人 p.2 pattern /p{tn/, /p{t@rn/ n. 模式；方式 p.4 pay attention to 注意；关注 p.6 perform /p@(r)fO:(r)m/ v. 表演； 执行 p.70 period /pI@ri@d/ n. 一段时间；时期 p.62 physics /fIzIks/ n. 物理；物理学 p.4 picnic /pIknIk/ n. 野餐 p.58 pie /paI/ n. 果馅饼；果馅派 p.92 pierce /pI@s/, /pIrs/ v. 扎；刺破； 穿透 p.49 pink /pINk/ adj. 粉红色的 n. 粉红色 p.58 pioneer /paI@nI@/, /paI@nIr/ n. 先锋；先驱 p.42 139 Page PB Vocabulary Index pity /pIti/ n. 遗憾；怜悯 p.70 plastic /pl{stIk/ adj. 塑料的 n. 塑料；塑胶 p.98 pleasure /pleZ@(r)/ n. 高兴；愉快 p.42 plenty /plenti/ pron. 大量；众多 p.67 plenty of 大量；充足 p.67 pocket /pQkIt/, /pA:kIt/ n. 衣袋； 口袋 p.60 poem /p@UIm/ n. 诗；韵文 p.51 policeman /p@li:sm@n/ n. 男警察 p.59 polish /pQlIS/, /pA:lIS/ v. 磨光；修改；润色 p.38 politely /p@laItli/ adv. 礼貌地； 客气地 p.22 polite /p@laIt/ adj. 有礼貌的； 客气的 p.22 position /p@zISn/ n. 位置；地方 p.62 postcard /p@UstkA:(r)d/ n. 明信片 p.18 postman /p@Ustm@n/ n. 邮递员 p.36 pound /paUnd/ n.磅（重量单位）； 英镑（英国货币单位） p.10 power /paU@(r)/ n. 权利；力量 p.83 praise /preIz/ v. & n. 表扬；赞扬 p.70 prefer /prIf3:(r)/ v. 更喜欢 p.65 present /preznt/ n. 现在；礼物 adj. 现在的 p.14 president /prezId@nt/ n. 负责人； 主席；总统 p.102 prevent /prIvent/ v. 阻止；阻挠 p.62 pride /praId/ n. 自豪；骄傲 p.30 prime /praIm/ adj. 首要的；基本的 p.83 prime minister 首相；大臣 p.83 private /praIv@t/ adj. 私人的； 私密的 p.27 produce /pr@dju:s/, /pr@du:s/ v. 生产；制造；出产 p.34 product /prQdVkt/, /prA:dVkt/ n. 产品；制品 p.35 professional /pr@feS@nl/ adj. 职业的；专业的 p.54 project /prQdZekt/, /prA:dZekt/ n. 项目；工程 p.42 pronounce /pr@naUns/ v.发音 p.5 pronunciation /pr@nVnsieISn/ n. 发音；读音 p.2 proud /praUd/ adj. 自豪的；骄傲的 p.30 public /pVblIk/ adj. 公众的；公共的 n. 民众；百姓 p.98 pull /pUl/ v. 拉；拖 p.86 pull together 齐心协力；通力合作 p.86 punish /pVnIS/ v. 处罚；惩罚 p.14 purpose /p3:(r)p@s/ n. 目的；目标 p.46 put on 增加（体重）；发胖 p.10 Q queen /kwi:n/ n. 王后；女王 p.83 quick /kwIk/adj. 快的；迅速的 adv. 快速地；迅速地 p.18 R rabbit /r{bIt/ n. 兔；野兔 p.57 rather /rA:D@/, /r{D@r/ adv. 宁愿； 相当 p.86 rather than 而不是 p.86 recall /rIkO:l/ v. 回忆起；回想起 p.70 receive /rIsi:v/ v. 接受；收到 p.62 recycle /ri:saIkl/ v. 回收利用； 再利用 p.101 reect /rIflekt/ v. 反映；映出 p.70 140 Vocabulary Index regret /rIgret/ v. 感到遗憾；懊悔 p.51 relative /rel@tIv/ n.亲属；亲戚 p.10 relief /rIli:f/ n. 轻松；解脱 p.86 repeat /rIpi:t/ v.重复；重做 p.4 request /rIkwest/ n. 要求；请求 p.22 require /rIkwaI@(r)/ v. 需要；要求 p.27 responsible /rIspQns@bl/, /rIspA:ns@bl/adj. 承担责任；有责任 p.110 restroom /restru:m/ n. （美）洗手间；公共厕所 p.17 reusable /ri:ju:z@bl/ adj. 可重复使用的；可再次使用的 p.100 review /rIvju:/ v. & n. 回顾；复习 p.6 row /r@U/ n. 一排；一列；一行 p.105 rush /rVS/ v. & n. 仓促；急促 p.18 S safety /seIfti/ n. 安全；安全性 p.49 saint /seInt/ n. 圣人；圣徒 p.43 scissors /sIz@(r)z/ n. (pl.) 剪刀 p.38 scoop /sku:p/ n. 勺；铲子 p.42 score /skO:(r)/ n. & v. 得分；打分 p.26 season /si:zn/ n. 季；季节 p.76 secret /si:kr@t/ n. 秘密；秘诀 adj. 秘密的；保密的 p.3 seldom /seld@m/ adv. 不常；很少 p.30 senior /si:ni@(r)/ adj. 级别（或地位） 高的 p.108 sense /sens/ v. 感觉到；意识到 n. 感觉；意识 p.70 sentence /sent@ns/ n.句子 p.2 separate /sep@reIt/ adj. 单独的； 分离的 v. 分开；分离 p.110 shall /S{l, S@l/ modal v. 将要；将会 p.106 shoulder /S@Uld@(r)/ n. 肩；肩膀 p.86 shut /SVt/ v. (shut, shut) 关闭；关上 p.67 silent /saIl@nt/ adj.不说话的； 沉默的 p.26 silver /sIlv@(r)/ n. 银；银器 adj. 银色的 p.33 sleepy /sli:pi/ adj. 困倦的；瞌睡的 p.60 smell /smel/ n. 气味 v. 发出⋯⋯气味；闻到 p.43 smoke /sm@Uk/ v. 冒烟；吸烟 n. 烟 p.49 smooth /smu:D/ adj. 平滑的；悦耳的 p.66 society /s@saI@ti/ n. 社会 p.52 somebody /sVmb@di/, /sVmbA:di/ pron. 某人；重要人物 p.58 somewhere /sVmwe@/, /sVmwer/ adv. 在某处；到某处 p.75 sour /saU@(r)/ adj. 酸的；有酸味的 p.45 spaghetti /sp@geti/ n. 意大利面条 p.94 spare /spe@/, /sper/ adj. 空闲的； 不用的 p.66 speaker /spi:k@(r)/ n. 讲（某种语言）的人；发言者 p.22 speech /spi:tS/ n. 讲话；发言 p.28 speed /spi:d/ n. 速度 p.5 spider /spaId@(r)/ n. 蜘蛛 p.13 spread /spred/ v. 传播；展开 n.蔓延；传播 p.14 staff /stA:f/, /st{f/ n. 管理人员； 职工 p.19 stamp /st{mp/ n. 邮票；印章 p.17 standard /st{nd@(r)d/ n. 标准；水平 p.105 141 Page PB Vocabulary Index stare /ste@/, /ster/ v. 盯着看；凝视 p.91 steal /sti:l/ v. (stole /st@Ul/, stolen /st@Ul@n/)偷；窃取 p.11 steel /sti:l/ n. 钢；钢铁 p.33 stranger /streIndZ@(r)/ n. 陌生人 p.10 style /staIl/ n. 样式；款式 p.42 sudden /sVd@n/ adj. 突然（的） p.44 suggest /s@dZest/ v. 建议；提议 p.19 suggestion /s@dZestS@n/ n. 建议 p.80 suit /sju:t/, /su:t/ n. 西服；套装 p.61 superhero /su:p@(r)hI@r@U/ n. 超级英雄 p.67 support /s@pO:(r)t/ v. & n. 支持 p.54 suppose /s@p@Uz/ v. 推断；料想 p.66 surface /s3:(r)fIs/ n. 表面；表层 p.36 survey /s3:(r)veI/ n. 调查 p.105 T take off （飞机等）起飞；匆忙离开 p.91 take place 发生；出现 p.43 take pride in 为⋯⋯感到自豪 p.30 task /tA:sk/, /t{sk/ n. 任务；工作 p.110 teammate /ti:meIt/ n. 同队队员； 队友 p.86 teen /ti:n/ n. 十几岁 （十三至十九岁之间） p.51 text /tekst/ n. 课文；文本 p.108 textbook /tekstbUk/ n. 教科书；课本 p.1 the more … the more 越⋯⋯越⋯⋯ ； 愈⋯⋯愈⋯⋯ p.82 the Olympics /@lImpIks/ 奥林匹克运动会 p.46 thirsty /T3:(r)sti/ adj. 口渴的； 渴望的 p.110 thriller /TrIl@(r)/ n. 惊险电影（小说、戏剧） p.67 tie /taI/ n. 领带 v. 捆；束 p.12 till /tIl/ conj. & prep. 到；直到 p.91 total /t@Utl/ n. 总数；合计 adj. 总的；全体的 p.70 trac /tr{fIk/ n. 交通； 路上行驶的车辆 p.75 translate /tr{nsleIt/ v. 翻译 p.44 transportation /tr{nspO:(r)teISn/ n. 运输业；交通运输 p.100 treat /tri:t/ n. 款待；招待 v.招待；请（客） p.13 trick /trIk/ n. 花招；把戏 p.13 truck /trVk/ n. 卡车；货车 p.57 U ugly /Vgli/ adj. 丑陋的；难看的 p.98 unexpected /VnIkspektId/ adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 p.91 unit /ju:nIt/ n. 单位；单元 p.52 upside down 颠倒；倒转 p.102 V valuable /v{lju@bl/ adj. 很有用的； 宝贵的 p.58 value /v{lju:/ v. 重视；珍视 n. 价值 p.75 victory /vIkt@ri/ n. 胜利；成功 p.62 W war /wO:(r)/ n. 战争；战争状态 p.66 warmth /wO:(r)mT/ n. 温暖；暖和 p.14 warn /wO:(r)n/ v. 警告；告诫 p.14 142 Vocabulary Index washroom /wQSru:m/, /wA:Sru:m/ n. 洗手间；厕所 p.18 wealth /welT/ n. 财富；富裕 p.83 website /websaIt/ n. 网站 p.42 weight /weIt/ n. 重量；分量 p.86 west /west/ adv. 向西；朝西 adj. 向西的；西部的 n. 西；西方 p.91 whom /hu:m/ pron. 谁；什么人 p.22 whose /hu:z/ adj. & pron. 谁的； （特指）那个人的 p.57 widely /waIdli/ adv. 广泛地； 普遍地 p.34 wing /wIN/ n. 翅膀；翼 p.111 wisely /waIzli/ adv. 明智地；聪明地 p.6 without doubt 毫无疑问；的确 p.43 wolf /wUlf/ n. 狼 p.59 wooden /wUdn/ adj. 木制的；木头的 p.98 worker /w3:(r)k@(r)/ n. 工作者； 工人 p.91 World War II 第二次世界大战 p.66 worth /w3:(r)T/ adj. 值得； 有⋯⋯价值（的） p.76 wound /wu:nd/ n. 伤；伤口；创伤 p.70 Z zipper /zIp@(r)/ n. (= zip) 拉链； 拉锁 p.42 143 Page PB Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs Verb Past tense Past participle be (am, is, are) was, were been bear bore born beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burn burnt/ burned burnt/burned buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do (does) did done draw drew drawn dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/dreamed drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen Verb Past tense Past participle feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten get got got/gotten give gave given go went gone grow grew grown hang (悬挂) hung hung have (has) had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid lead led led learn learnt/ learned learnt/learned leave left left lend lent lent let let let Irregular Verbs 144 Verb Past tense Past participle lie (躺) lay lain light lit/lighted lit/lighted lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met mistake mistook mistaken pay paid paid put put put read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/ ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set shake shook shaken shine shone shone show showed shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat Verb Past tense Past participle sleep slept slept smell smelt/ smelled smelt/smelled speak spoke spoken speed sped/ speeded sped/speeded spell spelt/ spelled spelt/spelled spend spent spent spread spread spread stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown under- stand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won write wrote written