杭州专版2020中考英语复习许速测16语法填空+阅读B+C+任务阅读试题人教新目标版 6页

1 小卷速测(十六) 语法填空+阅读 B+C+任务阅读 (限时:30 分钟) Ⅰ.[2018·杭州钱塘] 语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most people think that girls are better students than boys. In England girls get higher marks in tests in most subjects 1. at most ages. At the age of seven 88% of girls reach 2. expected level for their age, but only 80% of boys do. By the age of 11, the difference is 80% to 69%, and the gap is wider 3. 14 years old. A similar situation 4. (happen) in the USA and many other countries. Several 5. (study) show that girls have better study habits than boys. However, one of the studies 6. (do) on fifteen-year-old boys and girls by William Draves and Julie Coates last year. These two American researchers believe that it is not the boys who are the problem, but the schools. 7. (they) book, Nine Shift: Work, Life and Education in the 21st century explains that in fact, boys are better prepared in the future. Boys are 8. (interest) in computers and the Internet. They like taking risks, and 9. (think) about the ways of making money and teamwork—things that are important for success at work. The problem is that schools punish(处 罚) boys 10. they are bad at listening and following instructions. Ⅱ. 阅读理解 Passage 1 If you want to live longer and lower the risk of heart disease, a move to the mountains may help. Research by scientists in Greece shows that living in the mountains is good for the heart and longevity(长寿). People living at higher altitudes(海拔) have lower possibility of dying from heart disease than those closer to sea level, even if they have factors that could increase their risk. “Residence in mountainous areas seems to have a ‘protective effect’ from heart disease,” said Dr. Nikos Baibas of the University of Athens. He and his colleagues suspect that the increased 2 exercise from walking up mountainous areas gives the heart a good workout and enables it to cope with lower levels of oxygen. Researchers studied the health records and death rates of 1,150 Greeks who lived in three villages near Athens over 15 years. One village was 1,000 meters above sea level and the other two were in low-lying areas. Although men and women living in the mountainous village had higher blood pressure rates and other risk factors than people in the other villages, they had a lower rate of death from heart disease and other causes after a fifteen-year follow-up.“The contrast was more evident among men than among women,” Baibas added in a report in The Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Heart disease is one of the world's top killers. Smoking, high blood pressure, raised cholesterol levels, being overweight and a family history of the illness increase the possibility of developing the disease. 1.The first sentence in the passage is used to .( ) A.give a very good guessing B.tell readers what the passage focuses on C.warn people of the risk of heart disease D.name a new unknown illness 2.According to the passage, a person may have less possibility of having heart attack. ( ) A.from a higher altitude B.with a better living habit C.with more money D.in a happier mood 3.How long does the research of the Greeks last? ( ) A.At most 10 years. B.Not mentioned. C.More than 20 years. D.Over 15 years. 4.Apart from the altitude, how many factors raise the chance of developing heart disease? ( ) A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. D.Six. Passage 2 [2019·全国高考Ⅲ卷改编] Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. 3 A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0—25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward. Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example. After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it. “This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains,”Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.” 5.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them? ( ) A.They fed them. B.They named them. C.They trained them. D.They measured them. 6.The monkeys got their reward by in the experiment. ( ) A.drawing a circle B.touching a screen C.watching videos D.mixing two drinks 7.What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys? ( ) A.They could perform basic addition. B.They could understand simple words. C.They could memorize numbers easily. 4 D.They could hold their attention for long. 8.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? ( ) A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.Education. D.Science. Ⅲ.[2019·烟台改编] 任务型阅读 下面文章中共有 5 处(第 1-5 题)需要添加首句。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E 和 F)中选出符合各段意思 的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。 Why Short Stories Are Best for English Learning 1. When a text is short, you can have more time to learn how every single word is used and what importance it has in the text. This is more useful for those who are beginners of English. 2. Attention length is very important for learning. And the ability to finish a story gives you more time to understand it. Short stories are written to give you more information with less effort. 3. It is much easier to read one story every day than trying to read a big novel that never seems to end. 4. Since short stories can be read in any place, they are perfect for book clubs and learning circles. Most of the time these groups do not work because members have no time to read. Short stories are the perfect way for them. 5. Language is less about words and more about the meanings behind them. If you spend all your time learning vocabulary and grammar, you will never be able to speak a language smoothly because you will have little to talk about. Short stories give you the chance to understand big ideas in a short text. A.Keep what you read handy. B.You get more time to focus on words. C.Keep reading stories regularly. D.You can read a whole story at a time. E.You can focus more on ideas. F.You can share them easily in a group. 5 6 【参考答案】 Ⅰ.1.and 2.the 3.at 4.happens 5.studies 6.was done 7.Their 8.more interested 9.thinking 10.because Ⅱ.Passage 1 [主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文,多年研究表明,居住在高海拔处的人们死于心脏病的几率比低 海拔处的人们低。但吸烟、高血压、高胆固醇、体重过重和家庭疾病史共 5 点也会增加心脏病的几率。 1.B 推理判断题。文章第一句告诉我们“如果想长寿并降低心脏病的风险,可以搬去山里住”,下面都是围绕 这句话的内容展开描述,所以这一句让读者明白了全文谈论的主题,故选 B。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第一段“People living at higher altitudes(海拔) have lower possibility of…” 可知,居住在高海拔处的人们死于心脏病的几率比低海拔处的人们低,故选 A。 3.D 细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Researchers studied the health records and death rates of 1,150…” 可知,这项研究持续了 15 年多,故选 D。 4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Smoking, high blood pressure, raised…”可知,除海拔外,还有吸烟、高血压、高胆固醇、体重过重和家庭疾病史共 5 点 也会增加心脏病的几率,故选 C。 Passage 2 [主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文, 本文讲述了哈佛医学院科学家 Margaret Livingstone 及其带领 的团队通过反复实验得出结论:猴子能算算术,且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。 5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0—25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested…”可知 C 项正确。 6.B 细节理解题。由第三段“If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice…”可知 B 项符合题意。 7.A 8.D Ⅲ.1—5 BDCFE