初中英语语法第5集 名师讲解+配套练习题 - 情态动词 7页

初中英语语法English Grammar ‎******************************************************‎ 第十章 ‎ 情态动词 一、情态动词的类型和特征(一)  情态动词的类型  1. 只作情态动词的有：must; can (could); may (might)； 2. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need；  3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will (would); shall (should)；  4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have to; ought to  (二)情态动词的特征：1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。  2. 无人称和数的变化 (have to例外,用于第三人称单数时用has to)。  We must stay here. /He must stay here. 他必须呆在这儿。  We have to walk home. /He has to walk home. 他不得不步行回家。  3. 后接动词原形: She may lose her way. 她可能迷路了。  4. 具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。  — Can you sing an English song? 你会唱英语歌吗？— Yes, I can. 是的，我会。  二、情态动词的用法 (一) can, could的用法  1. 表示能力，译为：能，会。如: Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗？  2. 表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:He can’t be in the room.他不可能在房间里。  3. 表请求或允许，多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。 如:You can (may) go now. 你现在可以走了。  4. could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力.如: I could swim when I was seven years old.  5. 以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can’t。  (二) may的用法 1.表推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中.如: He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。  2. 表请求、许可，意为“可以” 如: May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书吗？  ※may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustn’t，不用may not，意为“不可以，不许，禁止”。如: — May I go now? — No, you mustn’t. 不可以。/Yes, you may(can). 是，可以。  3. (1) 表祝愿。 如: May you succeed. 祝你成功。  (2) can和may 均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。  (三) must的用法:1. 表示“必须、应该”。  2. 表示推测，意为“一定”，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句一般应用can，否定句中也用may，但may not表示“可能不”，而can’t 表示“不可能”。  — There’s someone knocking on the door. 有人敲门。 — It must be Jim.‎ ‎ 肯定是吉姆。  ※3. 在否定句中，mustn’t表示禁止，意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用needn’t，意为“不需要、不必”，相当于don’t have to, 而不能用mustn’t。。  — Must I finish the work today? 我今天必须完成这项工作吗？  — No, you needn’t/You don’t have to. 不，你不必/ Yes, you must.  (四) 对need词性的判断: need后加to do说明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定；need后加doing表被动；若need后加动词原形, 则need为情态动词，用need提问或否定，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。 如:You needn’t come to school so early. 你不必这么早来学校。 ‎ ‎(五) had better的用法: had better+动词原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用had better not do sth.。  You’d better stay at home. 你最好呆在家里/You’d better not watch TV every day.你最好不要每天看电视。  (六) shall (should), will (would)的用法  1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。 如:Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗？  Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃饭好吗？  2. Should常用来表示义务、责任。如: We should obey traffic laws. 我们应该遵守交通规则。  3. will 用于第二人称表示询问,请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿”  如:Will you pass me the book? 你能把这本书递给我吗？/ We will do anything for you. 4. would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。  Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗?  三、易混点清单（ ★为不常考知识点） ★（一）can和be able to : can 和be able to表示能力时用法相同，can只用于现在时和过去式(could)，但 be able to表示经过努力后, 能够做到有现在时,过去时和将来时。  如:We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。  The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. （表示经过努力后, 能够做到）  Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year, but now he can. 吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。  （二）can 和may 表可能性的区别  1.在肯定句中,用may表可能You had better ask the policeman. He may know.你最好问警察,他可能知道。  2. 在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can not；若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用may not。  Mr Li can’t be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.李老师不可能在，他去北京度假了。  （三）could, should, would, might表示委婉语气  could, should, would,‎ ‎ might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气。  Would you tell me the way to the park? 你能告诉我去公园的路吗？  ★（四）must和have (has) to： must和have (has) to 意思均为“必须”，常可以互换使用。但have (has) to用于强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”；must用于表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”。  We’ll have to ask Zhang Hong instead. /We must work hard at school.  （五）maybe和may be  may为情态动词，后加动词原形be，用在句中;maybe为副词,“大概，也许”,相当于perhaps,用于句首。  （六）can’t和mustn’t: 表否定推测时应用can’t, mustn’t表达“禁止、不允许”的含义，不是用来表推测的，在肯定句中must表推测，译为“一定”。  （七）（补充）should have done 本应该做的事情但未做含有责备之意  如：I told Lily how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it out. needn’t have done 本没必要做但却做了sth ‎2014年全国部分省市中考英语试题汇编：‎ 单项选择—情态动词和系动词 一、情态动词 ‎【2014铜仁】—Must I water the flowers now, mum?‎ ‎ —No, you . You do it later.‎ A. mustn’t; must B. mustn’t; ma y C. needn’t; may D. needn’t; must ‎【答案】‎ ‎【2014连云港】— I know by what time you want the project to be done?‎ ‎—By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time?‎ A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would ‎【答案】A ‎【2014长沙】—Who’s singing in the garden?‎ ‎ —It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time.‎ ‎ A. must B. can’t C. need ‎【答案】A ‎【2014河北】I ______ follow you. Would you please repeat it? ‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【2014北京】—Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith?‎ ‎ —No, you _______.‎ ‎ A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【2014扬州】—Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer?‎ ‎ —Sorry. You ________ return it today.‎ ‎ A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. can’t ‎【答案】A ‎【2014黔西南州】—Is the man over there Mr. Brown?‎ ‎ —It ______ him. He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup.‎ ‎ A. may not B. can’t be C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【2014重庆市A】Children _______ si t in the front seat of a car. It’s too dangerous.‎ A. need B. needn’t C. must D. mustn’t ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【2014安徽】—I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours?‎ ‎ —Yes, you ______.‎ A. can B. must C. could D. should ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【2014重庆市B】The man is feeling much better now, so you ______ call a doctor.‎ A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【2014杭州】If you _____ smoke, please go outside .‎ ‎ A. ca n B. may C. must D. might ‎【答案】‎ ‎【2014东营】After you read the article “Why fast food is slowly killing you”, you stop ‎ eating fast food. ‎ A. can B. may C. have to D. should ‎【答案】B ‎【2014天津】Look at the “No parking” sign. You _____park your car here.‎ A. should B. must C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【2014南昌】We ______ pay to get into the concert. It's free.‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. might not D. don’t have to ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【2014苏州】—May I take this magazine out of the reading room?‎ ‎—No, you _______. You read it in here.‎ A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【2014宁波】—_______ you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago.‎ ‎—Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me.‎ A. May B. Must C. Can D. Might ‎ 【答案】B ‎【2014甘肃白银】—Must I go to law school and be a lawyer like you, dad?‎ ‎ —No, you _______, son. You’re free to make your own decision. [‎ ‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】 D ‎【2014丽水】Here is my phone number. You _______ call me anytime you like.‎ ‎ A. must B. can C. should D. need ‎【答案】B ‎【2014绍兴】—Let’s go climbing, shall we?‎ ‎ —You _______ be joking! Don’t you know I’m afraid of high places?‎ ‎ A. may B. can C. must D. should ‎【答案】C ‎【2014台州】—Are you interested in shopping online?‎ ‎ —Not so much. We _______ see real products but pictures.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【2014泰安】—Could you please have a walk with me?‎ ‎ —Sorry, I _______. I have something important to do now.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. may not ‎【答案】C ‎【2014威海】—Bob, where is Linda?‎ ‎ —She _______ be in the library, bu t I am not sure.‎ ‎ A. must B. may C. need D. has to ‎【答案】B ‎【2014滨州】—Must we take out the trash now?‎ ‎ —_______. You can do it after class. ‎ ‎ A. Yes, you must B. No, you can’t C. Yes, you may D. No, you needn’t ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【2014德州】—Lingling, can I use your e-dictionary?‎ ‎ —Sure. But you _______ return it after class.‎ ‎ A. must B. can C. may D. would ‎【答案】A ‎【2014菏泽】—Look, someone left a book.‎ ‎ —Oh, yeah… This book _______ be Kitty’s. Only she likes to read this kind of ‎ books.‎ ‎ A. can B. must C. may D. might ‎【答案】B ‎【2014聊城】—Is the long-haired man Bruce?‎ ‎ —No, it _______ be him. He’s in New York now.‎ ‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not ‎【答案】A ‎【2014潍坊】People _______ wait until the traffic becomes green. That’s the traffic rule.‎ ‎ A. must B. can C. need D. may ‎【答案】A 二、系动词 ‎【2014潍坊】—What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one?‎ ‎ —I hope it will _______ like a book.‎ ‎ A. taste B. sound C. look D. smell ‎ 【答案】C ‎【2014昆明】—The medicine _______ awful. I can’t stand it.‎ ‎ —I know, Jimmy. But it’s helpful for you.‎ A. tastes B. eats C. drinks D. takes ‎【答案】A ‎【2014河北】Mom is cooking dinner. It ______ so nice. ‎ A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【2014安徽】Mum, what are you cooking? It ______ so sweet.‎ A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells ‎【答案】D ‎【2014湖北咸宁】—What are you going to do this weekend?‎ ‎ —I together with my classmates going to climb Mount Qian.‎ ‎ A. is B. am C. are D. were ‎【答案】B ‎【2014宁波】This kind of peach looks really nice, but it _______ very sour.‎ ‎ A. tastes B. looks C. feels D. sounds ‎【答案】A ‎【2014德州】The vegetable soup _______ delicious. Can I have more?‎ ‎ A. looks B. tastes C. sounds D. feels ‎【答案】B ‎【2014丽水】The skirt _______ as if it is made of silk.‎ ‎ A. sounds B. tastes C. feels D. smells ‎【答案】C ‎【2014泰安】—What _______ the number of the students in your school?‎ ‎ —About two thousand. A number of them _______ from the countryside.‎ ‎ A. is; are B. is: is C. are; is D. are: are ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【2014湖州】Listen, the country music ______ so sweet.‎ ‎ A. smells B. sounds C. feels D. looks ‎【答案】B ‎【2014聊城】I like the dress very much. It _______ comfortable.‎ ‎ A. feels B. tastes C. sounds D. smells ‎【答案】A ‎【2014菏泽】—How do you like the fish I cooked for you?‎ ‎ —I haven’t had it yet. However, it _______ good.‎ ‎ A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. feels ‎【答案】A