中考英语笔记知识点初三（2） 7页

中考英语知识点归纳-初三年级（2）‎ ‎【知识梳理】 ‎ I. 重点短语 ‎1. give up ‎ ‎2. try out 3. most of ‎ ‎4. not…any more 5. at the age of ‎ ‎6. at that time 7. send message by telegraph ‎ ‎8. graduate from ‎9. turn down ‎10. put up ‎ ‎11. at the top of ‎12. get together 13. from house to house ‎14. at the end of 15. on top of ‎ ‎16. as well 17. climb down ‎18. in a single night ‎19. even though ‎ ‎20. live on 21. once upon a time ‎ ‎22. according to ‎23. keep warm ‎ ‎24. on the other hand 25. on show ‎26. on display ‎27. in the future ‎ ‎28. look up ‎29. Tree Planting Day ‎ ‎30. just right 31. as often as possible ‎ ‎32. wash away ‎33. in this way ‎ ‎34. in a few years' time ‎35. point to ‎ ‎36. thanks to ‎37. more or less ‎ ‎38. so far ‎39. shut down ‎ ‎40. send up 41. put off ‎ II. 重要句型 ‎1.set one's mind to do sth. ‎ ‎2. put … together ‎ ‎3. stop…from… 4. keep…from…‎ ‎5. be filled with sth. 6. give birth to ‎ ‎7. be covered with 8. be made of 9. fill…with… 10. match…with ‎ ‎11. be used for ‎12. have nothing to do with ‎13. come up with 14. no matter how… 15. keep sb./sth.warm ‎ III. 交际用语 ‎1. ---I'm trying to … 2. --- I'll …‎ ‎3. --- Which of these would you like most ‎ to …?‎ ‎4. --- What do you want to … ?‎ ‎5. --- I want to… 6. --- I hope to … 7. --- I plan to… 8. --- I'm going to…‎ ‎9. --- I'm so happy that … 10. --- I'm glad ….‎ ‎11. --- me too.‎ ‎12. --- What's this called in English?‎ ‎13. --- What's it made of? 14. --- It's made of …‎ ‎15. --- What's it used for? 16. --- It's used for …‎ ‎17. --- English is widely used for business/…‎ ‎18. --- It is one of the world's most important languages as it is so widely used.‎ ‎19. --- Where is / are … grown / produced / made ?‎ ‎20. --- The (ground ) must be just right…‎ ‎21. --- It's best to …‎ ‎22. --- The hole should not be too deep.‎ ‎23. --- The Great Green Wall is 7000 kilometres long, and between 400 and1700 kilometres ide.‎ ‎24. --- The more, the better.‎ ‎25. --- More or less! ‎ ‎26. --- The (ground ) must be just right…‎ ‎27. 掌握以下常见标志：‎ ENTRANCE(入口) EXIT （出口）‎ PUSH（推） PULL（拉） ‎ NO SMOKING （禁止吸烟）‎ NO PARKING（禁止泊/停车）‎ FRAGILE (易碎的) THIS SIDE UP NO PHOTOS (禁止拍照) ‎ DANGER (危险)‎ BUSINESS HOURS(营业/办公间)‎ PLAY (播放) STOP (停止)‎ PAUSE (暂停) ON(开) OFF(关)‎ IV. 重要语法 ‎1. 动词被动语态的结构和用法；‎ ‎2. 动词不定式的功能和用法。‎ ‎【名师讲解】‎ ‎1. be able to/ can ‎ ‎(1) 都能表示“能够，具备干某件事的能力”这个含义，此时可以互换。 ‎ Mr. Green is able to finish the work on time. = Mr. Green can finish the work on time.格林先生能够按时完成这项工作。 ‎ ‎(2) be able to可以用于各种时态，而can 为情态动词，多用于现在时，其过去式为could。 ‎ We are sure he will be able to be an artist ‎ when he grows up.我们相信他长大后能够成为一名画家。‎ Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by ‎ herself.林小姐已经能够自己负担那辆车了。can除了表示“能够，有能力做某事”以外，还有如下用法，而be able to 则没有。表示请求，但语气没有could委婉:‎ Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看这张图片吗？ Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我们可以在下午6点之后再离开学校吗？‎ 表示可能性:That man can’t be our new teacher. 那人不可能是我们的新老师。 The exam can’t be too difficult.考试不会太难。‎ ‎2. bring/ take/carry/fetch ‎ ‎(1) bring一般是指拿来，即从别处往说话人这里拿，翻译成“带来”。 ‎ He brought us some good news.他给我们带来了一些好消息。‎ Please don’t forget to bring your homework tomorrow.明天请别忘了把家庭作业带来。 ‎ ‎(2) take一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿，翻译成“带走”。 ‎ Please take the umbrella with you. It’s going to rain.要下雨了，请把伞带上。‎ She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。 ‎ ‎(3) carry不强调方向，表示“携带、背着、运送、搬扛”等意思。 ‎ They carried the boxes into the factory. 他们把箱子搬进了工厂。 ‎ A taxi carried them to the station. 出租车送他们到了车站。 ‎ ‎(4) fetch表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等意思，包含去和来两趟。 ‎ The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者为他们取来了一些苹果。‎ Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.妈妈为生病的儿子请来了医生。 3. whole/ all ‎ ‎(1) whole强调一个完整如一，互不分割的整体。 The whole country is suffering the war. 整个国家正遭遇战争。 I just want to know the whole story.我仅仅只想知道完整的故事。 ‎ whole在句中的位置是放在所有格，冠词和指示代词的之后。 They will spend their whole holiday in Canada.他们将到加拿大渡过整个假期。（所有格后） She has finished writing the whole book.   她已经写完了整本书。（冠词后whole用来修饰可数名词（名词用单数）。 He ate the whole cake. 他把整个蛋糕都吃了。（强调整整一个蛋糕）‎ ‎(2) all强调由一个个部分组成的“全部”。 Miss Green knew all the students in the class.格林小姐认识这个班上的所有人。（一个一个全认识） all在句中的位置是放在所有格，定冠词和指示代词的之前。 Jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes.吉姆在20分钟之内完成了所有的作业。（所有格前） Of all the boys here, he sings best.在这里所有的男孩之中，他唱的最好。（定冠词前）‎ The boy can answer all these questions.那个男孩能够回答所有的这些问题。（指示代词前）‎ all既能修饰可数名词（名词须用复数），又能修饰不可数名词。 All these five books are mine.这五本书都是我的。（修饰可数名词） She was worried about her son all the time.她总在为她的儿子担心。（修饰不可数名词）‎ ‎4. fill/ full ‎ ‎(1) fill常作动词，与with连用，意思是“注满、装满”，也能表示“填空；补缺”的意思。 He filled the box with chalk.他把粉笔装满了盒子。 The bucket is filled with water.水桶里装满了水。‎ ‎(2) full是形容词，翻译成“满的，装满的”，常与of连用。此外还能表示“完全的”和“吃饱的，过饱的”。 All the rooms are full of people.所有的房间都满人了。 The bus was full. He had to wait for the next one.这辆车人满了，他只有等下一辆。‎ ‎5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into ‎ ‎(1) be made of表示"由…制成", 一般指能够看出原材料，或发生的是物理变化。 ‎ This table cloth is made of paper.这张桌布是由纸做的。 This salad is made of apples and strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。‎ ‎(2) be made from也表示"由…制成"，但一般指看不出原材料，或发生的是化学变化。 Bread is made from corn.面包是小麦做的。 The lifeboat is made from some special material.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。‎ ‎(3) be made in指的是产地，意思为"于…制造"。‎ The caps are made in Russia.这些帽子产于俄罗斯。 My mother likes to buy things which are made in China. 我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。‎ ‎(4) be made into的意思为"被制成为…"。 This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。 The paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。‎ ‎6. none/ no one/ neither ‎(1) none既能指人，又能指物，意思是"没有一个，无一"，常用作代词，与of连用。 None of us has heard of him before.我们没有一个人以前听说过他。 I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜欢。‎ none用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。 None of the answers is true.没有一个答案是正确的。 None of the rooms are mine.没有一间房子是我的。‎ ‎(2) no one只能用来指人，且不能与of连用。 No one is absent.没有人缺席。 I knew no one there.那里我一个人也不认识。‎ no one用作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。 No one agrees with you. 没有人同意你的说法。‎ ‎(3) neither作代词时对两者都进行否定，意思为"两者都不"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Neither of the boys is from England. 这两个男孩都不是来自英国。 I know neither of them.他们两个我都不认识。‎ ‎7. found/ find (1) find的意思是"找到、发现"，其过去式和过去分词都是found. I can't find my glasses.我找不着我的眼镜了。 He found it boring to sit here alone.他发现独自坐在这里很没劲。‎ ‎(2) found是另外一个词，与find并没有关系，意思是"成立、建设"，常用作及物动词。 The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。‎ The school was founded by the local residents.这所学校是由当地居民修建的。‎ ‎8. hear / hear of/ hear from ‎(1)hear的意思是"听见；听说，得知"，后面能接名词、代词或宾语从句。‎ We heard the news just a moment ago.我刚听说这个消息。‎ Can you hear me? 能听见我说话吗？‎ ‎(2) hear of的意思是"听说"，一般指非直接的听见，而是听别人说的。后不能接宾语从句。‎ I have never heard of her.我从未听说过她。‎ They heard of the film long time ago.他们很久以前就听说过这部电影。‎ ‎(3) hear from的意思是"收到来信"，与"听"无关。 I often hear from him. 我经常收到他的来信。 He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久没有收到妈妈的信了。‎ ‎9. send/ send fo ‎(1) send意思是"送往，派遣"，还有"发信，寄信"的意思。‎ The company sent him to study abroad.公司派他到国外学习去了。‎ Mr. Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子们。‎ ‎(2) send for意思是"召唤；派人去取；派人去拿"，而非本人亲自去。‎ They have sent for a repairman.他们已经派人去请了一名修理工。‎ She sent for some flowers.她派了人去买花。‎ ‎10. get to/ arrive/ reach ‎(1) arrive后不能直接接地点，是一个不及物动词。若表示到达一个相对大的地点，用arrive in ; 若表示相对小的地点，用arrive at .‎ The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表团将于下午5:00到达北京。‎ It was dark when they arrived at the railway station.当他们到达火车站的时候，天已经黑了。‎ When did she arrive here last time? 她上次是什么时候到这儿的？（副词前省略介词）‎ ‎(2) reach能直接接所到达的地点，是一个及物动词。 They reached London on Friday.他们星期五到达了伦敦。 The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到这个消息。‎ reach还有"伸手去取，伸手触及，联络"等意思。 Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能够到树上的哪个苹果吗？ He can always be reached on the phone.可随时打电话跟他联系。‎ ‎(3) get在表示"到达"时是不及物动词，应与to搭配使用。 We often get to school on foot.我们经常步行到学校。 They got to the top of the hill at noon.他们于中午到达了山顶。‎ ‎【考点扫描】‎ ‎1. 动词被动语态的结构和用法；‎ ‎2. 动词不定式的功能和用法；‎ ‎3. 本单元的词汇、短语和句型；‎ ‎4. 本单元学过的交际用语。‎